Recommended in wooden house cover the walls on the ground floor with material such as maurlat. It is attached directly to the wall, and then wombs from a bar cling to it, hemmed ceilings are attached to them, after which the attic floor spreads.
If a log planed on one side served as the material for the uterus, it cannot be logs for the floor in the attic. Here it will be necessary to set additional logs, which will be located perpendicular to the uterus, and only then lay them with plywood.
The thickness of the plywood should be as large as possible. In this case, plywood 1.5 centimeters thick is most suitable. Chipboard and OSB are also used, however, this type of material is distinguished by its severity and is less durable than plywood.
Plywood has its own standard dimensions: 1m.52cm / 1m.52cm, so you need to calculate how much lag is required. The boards from which the logs are made should have a thickness of 30 - 50 mm and a width of 150 to 200 mm. However, such dimensions will protect against deflections. The allowable distance between the lags is from 30 to 70 centimeters, it will depend on the density of the material that will be laid.
In our case, taking into account the density of plywood, the step length should not exceed 30 centimeters. support part plywood should be joined with the middle of the log.
In order for the floor to have a horizontal surface, the logs must be leveled. Since the logs are placed on the upper beam of the floor from below, in order to make them as even as possible, it is necessary to level their height with linings or remove the excess height with a planer or chisel. From this important and painstaking work will depend on how smooth and strong the surface of your floor will be.
Using self-tapping screws with a “bolt-on” head, the logs should be firmly fixed, while tightly fastening them to the surface of the bearing beam.
Then it is necessary, using the level, to set plywood sheets over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe building and fix them with self-tapping screws. In this case, wood screws are suitable, the length of which is 3.5 centimeters.
If the number of lags and the step width are calculated correctly, then the plywood floor, even under heavy load, will not break or deform.
It happens that a sheet of plywood does not quite match geometric shape, then gaps may appear between these sheets, in which case it is necessary to cover them with a special putty, which is used when working with wood materials.
Before installing plywood, it is necessary to remember about all communications that will be located under it, namely: plumbing and heating communications, network devices, electrical wiring, various cables and so on.
To test the strength of the plywood deck and make sure it never buckles, attach one test sheet before starting work.
For the safety of such flooring and in order to protect it from moisture penetration, it is necessary to apply moisture resistant coating. As such a coating, you can use drying oil or some other protective primer that will protect plywood from delamination and swelling.
The most probably The best way increase usable area own house- This is to replace the gable roof of the house with a mansard. In this way, one, two or even three additional rooms can be purchased without carving out additional space on the site and without getting involved in the very laborious processes of pouring a new foundation and erecting walls. And in order to find out how to make the attic correctly, you need to consider all the stages of its arrangement, starting with calculations and ending with the roofing of the roof and finishing the resulting additional premises.
In order for all work to be successful, first of all, you need to make sure that the existing walls (if the add-on will be built in the old house) are able to withstand the additional load. It will depend on this factor whether it is worth starting such a construction site, and if so, on which design of the mansard roof it would be better to stop.
It should be noted that the load on the load-bearing walls will increase significantly - due to more rafters, due to the mass interior decoration walls and floors, windows and doors, insulation systems, as well as all elements of the interior filling of attic rooms. All of these factors suggest that you need to start with a choice. optimal design attic, with calculations, drafting and drawings of the future superstructure.
Types of attic superstructures
According to current building codes an attic is a room under a roof, having a height from the ceiling to the ridge of at least 2500 mm. If this parameter is less than the specified limit, then the room is considered an ordinary attic.
- If the vertical racks that determine the height of the walls of the room are 1500 mm in size, then the attic space can be considered a full-fledged floor.
- A semi-mansard is an attic room in which there are no vertical racks, or if they have a height of 500 to 700 mm.
At the heart of any roof structure are always triangles with their “rigid” structure. There are several types of attic superstructures, but the most popular of them are high gable and broken structures. Their popularity can be explained more simple calculations, relatively simple installation work and ease of use. In third place, after gable and broken structures, one can name a shed version of the roof, which is also sometimes used to equip the attic. Unfortunately, not every house design can use this type of superstructure, since it requires not only the reconstruction of the roof, but also raising the height of the already built walls, which significantly increases the load on them and on the foundation.
If erected new house, and the second floor is planned in the form of an attic, then a shed version of the roof is well suited for this purpose. In addition, it will help save on roofing material.
More complex structures - domed, four-pitched, as well as with various protrusions-consoles arranged in the roof slopes (single-level and multi-level), are used extremely rarely and only in exclusive projects, as they have a complex design both in engineering calculations and in installation.
The figure below the numbers shows:
1 - Gable attic.
2 - Broken attic
3 - Single-level console attic
4 - Multi-level attic.
Gable attic
attic space under d with a wuska roof, which is arranged at an angle between the slopes of 80 ÷ 90 degrees on the ridge, it may well be converted into an attic. To create full-fledged living quarters under it, it will be necessary to carry out a number of necessary reconstructions, for example, very often it is not possible without strengthening attic floor. All these alterations and plus to this - the necessary insulation will certainly "eat" a significant part usable space under the roof, so you should not expect that the rooms in such an attic will be spacious and with high ceilings.
Of course, if the dimensions (length and width) of the house are large enough, and the roof has a significant angle of inclination (45 degrees or even higher), then after alterations it will be possible to count on a relatively spacious attic room.
broken roof
A room under a sloping mansard roof will be much more spacious and with enough high ceiling. Such an attic can be easily divided into two separate rooms.
The interior of the attic, made according to the "broken" type The sloping roof has four planes of slopes. They are located at different angles - the upper slopes are called ridge, and the lower ones are lateral. They, for the most part, play the role of walls.
This type of mansard roof is somewhat more difficult to design and install, but the result will please you with spacious rooms and a respectable appearance of the house.
One-level console attic
This type of attic has even more complex structure than the previous one, as it implies a displacement of the attic space in one direction or another.
Using this version of the attic device, you can get spacious rooms, much larger in area than under a gable roof.
The design of a single-level mansard roof can repeat not only a gable, but also a shed version - this will depend on how much it is supposed to take the console out of the attic and raise its ceiling.
Layered add-on
A multi-level structure is the most difficult to design and install. In its development and construction, the help of qualified specialists will definitely be needed. The supports for the levels of the attic rooms are different truss systems and ceilings, which are combined with the main one. A multi-level system involves the arrangement of rooms at different levels attic space, which is why the consoles should be located that way.
Having chosen the most desirable type of attic, it is necessary to determine whether it is possible to arrange it on the old walls of the house, or whether they will have to be strengthened. Therefore, it is necessary to accurate calculations and make a project.
Roof truss basics
Most roofs, and the attic in this matter is no exception, has one of two types truss system, or a combination of them. Each of these varieties has its own characteristics, which depend on the location. bearing walls buildings.
Hanging system
The hanging truss system is determined by the fact that it is supported only by two external capital walls located along the length of the building, in which there are no internal capital partitions.
Such a system is used provided that the distance between the main supports is no more than 13 ÷ 14 meters. In any case, this design gives a fairly large load on the walls and foundation of the building.
To reduce the loads in this system, various support structures are used. elements - crossbars, grandmas, struts, puffs, racks and other details.
For example, headstocks, as it were, suspend the entire system to the ridge beam with the help of a puff, and struts pull the overlapping beams to the rafter legs.
For the attic floor in this system, it is necessary to use thick bars, logs or boards that are installed on the edge. Their thickness can be determined from the table given in this publication, based on the distance between the support points.
So that when using hanging system the overlap was reliable and durable, you need to make accurate calculations, and if it’s difficult to do it yourself, then it’s better
Layered construction
The layered system is distinguished by the fact that it has supports not only on external main walls, but also on internal partitions that have a foundation.
Therefore, starting the construction of a house in which an attic is planned, you need to think in advance about the location of the internal capital partitions.
For a house with an attic, a layered system is best option, since the beams blocking the house will be firmly and securely fixed to the walls and partitions.
When erecting broken structure attic roofs, can be used combined option rafter system, that is, use elements of both a hanging and a layered system.
Attic design
When drawing up a project for the construction of any type of attic, it is recommended to consider it in different projections in order to visually determine the location of all supporting elements. Calculating all the parameters of the attic, they must be immediately included in the project.
Based on the calculations made, the places and methods of installation of all structural elements of the truss system are determined. The calculation is also necessary for exact definition materials needed for the construction of the attic and their parameters.
Structural elements
Any of wooden structures mansard roof consists of certain elements that are interconnected by connecting nodes that have various configurations. In order to better understand the design of these connections, it is recommended to draw each of them, and when conducting installation work- be sure to have this drawing on hand.
The design of a broken mansard roof includes the following components of the system:
- Mauerlat - element, made from wooden beam and laid on the main walls of the building in its length. It serves to evenly distribute the load from the structure of the truss system to the wall and foundation. Rafter legs are installed and fixed on the Mauerlat. This element is mounted both in a gable and in a broken structure of the attic roof.
- Floor beams, which are laid on the main walls of the building and are the basis for the future floor of the attic and the ceiling of the first floor, as well as for the installation of the entire truss system.
- The rafter leg consists of one straight element - bar or boards in a gable type of roof, or from two parts - in a broken structure. In a broken mansard roof top part fixed on the ridge, called the ridge, and the lower one, which forms the walls of the attic, is called the side. Obviously, the side leg will be installed on a layered basis, while the upper ridge rafter - usually becomes hanging
- For the ridge, a beam or board of a certain thickness is used. Sometimes they do without it, connecting the upper ridge parts of the rafter legs together, which form the ridge.
- Racks are supporting elements systems. They support the rafter legs and take some of the load off the walls and foundation of the building. Racks in the future will become a crate for the walls, which will be installed in the process of finishing the attic.
- Bevels or other elements installed diagonally are additional supports that hold the rafters and retaining beams together, making the system more reliable.
- Between the rafter legs for rigidity, bars are installed, called inter-rafter runs - they also give the system rigidity.
Carrying out basic attic calculations
It is quite difficult to develop a mansard roof project on your own, since this process requires certain knowledge and skills in designing and carrying out specific architectural calculations. If you make mistakes at the same time, the design of the attic will be unreliable, and besides, with its weight it can damage the walls and foundation of the building.
Everything must be taken into account in the calculations - from the beginning of construction to the finishing of the premises. However, if a not too complicated design is conceived, then you can try to cope on your own.
Skate Height Calculation
The size usable area attic space depends on the height of the roof ridge, and the latter is determined by the selected slope of the slopes - the smaller this angle, the lower the ceiling and, accordingly, less effective area attic space.
H=L×tgα
H- the height of the skate;
L- ½ the width of the building (if we are talking about a gable symmetrical roof);
α - the angle of inclination of the slope of the truss system.
Scheme - for clarity As an example, you can substitute the above data into the formula:
Building size 8×10 m, slope angle 30°, tangent 30°= 0.58
H \u003d 8/2 × 0.58 \u003d 2.32 m
The height of the skate will be 2,32 m.
In great detail, with all possible nuances and necessary reference tables, the process and all other parameters associated with it are described from a separate publication dedicated to this particular issue.
Square inner space attic
The technique used to determine the area of the attic space will make it possible to calculate the amount required material for the construction of a truss system, for insulation and decoration. Particularly accurate calculations are important if the attic will be used to equip additional living rooms because they require special handling.
Usually the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe room under the roof is calculated, that is, both useful and the so-called "deaf". The living space is limited to the installed racks, which will be the basis for the installation and finishing material of the walls. The zone behind them is considered deaf, that is, most often not used.
The total area is calculated quite simply: the width of the overhangs on both sides is added to the width of the building. The resulting amount is multiplied by the length of the building.
Square living space it’s also easy to find: for this you need to measure the width of the attic space between the racks installed under one and the other slope of the roof, and multiply the resulting parameter by the length of the attic from gable to gable.
Roofing area
To determine in advance the amount of roofing material, it is necessary to calculate the total area of \u200b\u200bthe roof slopes.
If a decision is made to install a broken or even more complex structure, it is necessary to calculate the area of \u200b\u200ball sections of the roof. To do this, it must be divided into separate geometric figures, and then calculate the area of each of them and add the results.
For those who do not firmly remember the formulas for calculating the areas of flat figures, a "cheat sheet" scheme is given.
Shed roof area
If the attic roof is pitched, then its area can be calculated using the formula: Sabcd = Lcd × Lbd.
The area of one slope - there is nothing easier Pay attention to the drawing. When calculating, not only length and width are taken into account roof structure slope - we must not forget about the cornice overhangs on all sides.
gable roof
At symmetrical arrangement roof slopes, for calculations gable roof it remains only to multiply the value obtained above by two.
For example, take the same example as discussed above. The size of the building is 10×8 m. The angle of the slope is 30 °, the height of the ridge H = 2.32 m. It is easy to determine the length of the rafter - S
S = H / sin α = 2.32 / 0.5 = 4.64 m
We accept cornice overhang 0,7 m, gable overhang 0,7 m. According to the shed roof formula, the area of \u200b\u200bone slope is calculated.
(10 + 2 × 0.7) × (4.64 + 0.7) = 60.88 m²
Then, to get the total area of the two slopes, the resulting result is multiplied by two.
Q = 121.76 m²
This technique is designed to calculate the continuous surface of slopes, excluding windows, ventilation channels and a chimney.
If the roof has a very complex structure, then it is better not to take risks and still seek the help of professionals who will make the necessary calculations using special computer applications.
When using, slate, soft roof, other profile materials, you can use a simplified calculation formula.
Starting from the drawing:
So, the following formula is applicable for calculation:
Q\u003d K × (B + 2A) × (L + 2C)
Q- the required amount of roofing;
AT — the width of the building (along the gable wall);
BUT- the width of the planned eaves overhangs roofing;
L- total length of the building;
C- the width of the side overhangs of the roof.
To is a coefficient that takes into account the angle of inclination of the slope with respect to the horizon (α). By and large, he is trigonometric function secant (sec) equal to the reciprocal of cosα.
In order not to delve into the theory, it is easier to give a coefficient table To in absolute, that is, numerical measurement:
| Tilt angle, degrees | K factor | Tilt angle, degrees | K factor | Tilt angle, degrees | K factor | Tilt angle, degrees | K factor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1.0002 | 18 | 1.0515 | 36 | 1.2361 | 53 | 1.6616 |
| 2 | 1.0006 | 19 | 1.0576 | 37 | 1.2521 | 54 | 1.7013 |
| 3 | 1.0014 | 20 | 1.0642 | 38 | 1.2690 | 55 | 1.7434 |
| 4 | 1.0024 | 21 | 1.0711 | 39 | 1.2868 | 56 | 1.7883 |
| 5 | 1.0038 | 22 | 1.0785 | 40 | 1.3054 | 57 | 1.8361 |
| 6 | 1.0055 | 23 | 1.0864 | 41 | 1.3250 | 58 | 1.8871 |
| 7 | 1.0075 | 24 | 1.0946 | 42 | 1.3456 | 59 | 1.9416 |
| 8 | 1.0098 | 25 | 1.1034 | 43 | 1.3673 | 60 | 2.0000 |
| 9 | 1.0125 | 26 | 1.1126 | 44 | 1.3902 | 61 | 2.0627 |
| 10 | 1.0154 | 27 | 1.1223 | 45 | 1.4142 | 62 | 2.1301 |
| 11 | 1.0187 | 28 | 1.1326 | 46 | 1.4396 | 63 | 2.2027 |
| 12 | 1.0223 | 29 | 1.1434 | 47 | 1.4663 | 64 | 2.2812 |
| 13 | 1.0263 | 30 | 1.1547 | 48 | 1.4945 | 65 | 2.3662 |
| 14 | 1.0306 | 31 | 1.1666 | 49 | 1.5243 | 66 | 2.4586 |
| 15 | 1.0353 | 32 | 1.1792 | 50 | 1.5557 | 67 | 2.5593 |
| 16 | 1.0403 | 33 | 1.1924 | 51 | 1.5890 | 68 | 2.6695 |
| 17 | 1.0457 | 34 | 1.2062 | 52 | 1.6243 | 69 | 2.7904 |
| 35 | 1.2208 | 70 | 2.9238 |
Let's go back to our example:
Q= 1.1547 × (8 + 2 × 0.7) × (10+2 × 0.7) = 123.74 m²
Taking into account overlaps slate sheets- it turns out almost the same as in the calculations carried out by a different method. Definitely on advice experienced builders, to the area obtained when acquiring roofing material, another 10 ÷ 15 %
(The figure shows gable roof, however, the formula is fully suitable for calculations with necessary level accuracy for pitched or hip roofs. True, with a caveat - hip roof the steepness of the main and side slopes must match. If not, then the calculation is carried out for each pair of slopes separately, and then the value is summed).
Total weight from truss system and roofing
It is equally important to choose wisely optimal material for roofing and correctly make a crate under it. This calculation is carried out taking into account the length of the rafters and the angle of their slope.
The crate for roofing material can be sparse, mixed or solid. For example, a metal tile, corrugated board or slate is fixed to a sparse crate, and soft roof- only on a continuous one.
When choosing a roof, you need to get information about it performance characteristics. It is from them that the durability and reliability of the roof structure will depend. roofing material must also be selected taking into account the specific region and its climatic conditions especially factors such as temperature fluctuations and strong winds.
An important factor is the weight of the roofing, especially if mansard roof will be installed on the old walls. Therefore, you should estimate the weight of the roof in advance and find out how much the load on the building structure will increase, and whether it will be acceptable.
| Roofing material for mansard roof | Roof pitch | Material weight kg / m² |
|---|---|---|
| Asbestos cement slate sheets with medium profile | 1:10 to 1:2 | 11 |
| Slate with reinforced profile | 1:5 to 1:1 | 13 |
| bituminous tiles | From 1:10 and more | 6 - 8 |
| Soft roofing, taking into account the continuous lathing | From 1:10 and more | 9 - 15 |
| Galvanized metal sheets with single folds | From 1:4 and more | 3 - 6,5 |
| With double folds | From 1:5 and more | 3 - 6,5 |
| Ceramic tiles | 1:5 to 1:0.5 | 50 - 60 |
| Cement-sand tiles | 1:5 to 1:0.5 | 45 - 70 |
| metal tile | From 1:5 and more | 5 - 7 |
| Ondulin | From 1:10 and more | 3 - 3,5 |
Most often, soft roofing or ondulin is used to cover attics, since these materials are one of those that have the lightest weight and are easy to install.
For example, you can calculate the weight 1 square meter roofs where ondulin is used for coating, taking into account the crate and insulation - sprayed polyurethane foam. To do this, you need to find the sum of the weight of each of the materials and multiply by a factor of 1.1 (this factor takes into account the overlap on adjacent sheets of roofing material).
- The weight from a flat crate, 20 mm thick (plywood or OSB) is 14 kg / m².
- Insulation - polyurethane foam, 100 mm thick, has an average weight of 3 kg / m²
- The average weight of ondulin is 3.3 kg / m²
We get in total:
(14 + 3 + 3.3) × 1.1=22.3kg /m²
To calculate the total weight load of the roof on the walls, you need to multiply the weight of one square meter by the area of \u200b\u200bthe entire coating. In our example, this will work:
M = 123.74 × 22.3 = 2751.82 kg.
A lot - almost 3 tons gives only a very light roofing with a crate and also a very light type of insulation.
But that's not all! Works on the roof snow loads in winter period, plus wind pressure, all year round. These parameters must also be taken into account when calculating the necessary wooden elements construction of the truss system and floor beams, and taking into account the total load of the roof structure on the walls and foundation of the building.
- Then, the whole system is closed with a vapor barrier film, which is fixed on the logs with brackets.
- Boards or plywood sheets can be laid on top of it.
- A decorative coating is laid on them - it can be linoleum, laminate, parquet board and other materials.
Additional insulation can be created by laying an electric cable or infrared warm floor under the decorative coating. It is better to read about these possibilities separately in the article devoted to
- If the floor is mounted on floor beams, you will have to work from the side of the first floor.
- From the side of the lower room, boards are mounted on the floor beams. It is desirable that they be even, you can even use a floorboard for the subfloor.
- After that, a vapor barrier film is laid on these boards from the side of the attic, which will cover not only the subfloor, but also the floor beams.
- On top of it, another layer of vapor barrier is laid and attached to the beams.
- Then, logs are fixed to this coating perpendicular to the beams.
- Another layer of insulation is mounted between the lags, for it it is better to choose mineral wool, since, when straightened, it is tightly installed between the bars, leaving no voids.
- Then it should also be covered with vapor barrier material.
If it is decided to cover the floor with one of decorative coatings, then plywood sheets are laid on top of the log, and then laminate, linoleum or other materials are laid on them. Again, nothing prevents in this case from using, for example, film floor heating.
Installation of insulation on the walls and ceiling of the attic
Having finished the installation of the floor, you can proceed to the installation of insulation on the walls.
- If material in mats is chosen for this process, then before laying it, sheets of vapor barrier material are fixed on the rafters.
It is fixed in such a way as to close the entire space and deepen it between the rafters.
If the vapor barrier is fixed on the other side of the rafters, then the mats will independently hold between two wooden surfaces.
- If one of the is selected, then it is not necessary to fix the vapor barrier film under it. It will be enough waterproofing, which is laid on the rafters outside the structure.
Spraying polyurethane foam - quickly and efficiently, but requires special equipment and work skills To use this insulation technology, you must have a special technological equipment, or you will have to invite a specialist who will do the work in one day. It is not easy to carry out this operation on your own without experience - in order to do the work without harming your health, you need to know the process technology and have the necessary protective equipment.
After the insulation works, wall cladding is being carried out.
Prices for popular types of heaters
insulation
Attic wall decoration
Before you start decorating the walls, you need to resolve the issue with electrical wiring, the cable of which must be well insulated with double-layer corrugated pipes.
After the wiring is done electric cable, you can safely proceed to the installation of the finishing material.
Usually used for finishing wooden lining, drywall or plywood with a beautiful textured pattern.
For any of these materials, it is desirable to rafter legs and uprights make a crate of slats with a cross section of approximately 20 × 70 mm. These guides are fixed in increments of 500 ÷ 600 mm. In addition to the fact that the crate of the slats becomes the basis for fixing the finish, it also forms ventilation gap between finishing material and vapor barrier.
- made quite simply. It leaves walls smooth and neat, ready for painting, traditional wallpapering or even liquid wallpapering.
Therefore, drywall finishing should be chosen by those homeowners who like to often change the interior design of the premises.
- Clapboard wall decoration is a longer and more laborious process than. For such a sheathing, a crate with the above parameters is also perfect. The only thing to think about is the direction of the lining boards, that is, it should be located vertically with the horizontal orientation of the crate and vice versa.
If desired, after installation, the wood can be varnished on water based or give it a deeper color by using stain.
Wood is an amazing material that can create indoors. special atmosphere with the aroma of the forest, which has a positive effect on the structure and well-being of residents. That's why natural lining very often chosen for sheathing the floor, walls and ceiling of the attic.
Video: insulation of the attic room and finishing it with clapboard
- You can come up with a beautiful plywood finish. But that's only if it will not be covered with paint on top, then you need to choose a quality material that has a beautiful natural pattern. Plywood is mounted much faster than lining, and makes the walls even, covering large surfaces at once.
This material can be covered with varnish, paint or any kind of wallpaper, but you can leave the walls in their natural state only after carefully cleaning possible defects in the form of protruding splinters or burrs.
The construction of an attic is a rather laborious and complex process that requires high experience in the construction craft. If no one has a clue about the above technological operations, then you should not take it on your own - it is better to invite professional masters to perform the work. They will get rid of unnecessary problems and they will build an attic according to the project conceived by the owner of the house.
Video: an example of the construction and decoration of the attic
The presence of an attic in the house opens up new opportunities for the owners. Firstly, it helps to give a stylish appearance to the building as a whole, and secondly, it rationalizes and enlarges the living space. Subject to all the rules, the attic can be used as a full-fledged residential floor. Special attention when building an attic, it is worth paying attention to the arrangement of the floor. In order for the floor of the second floor to meet state standards, be strong and reliable, it is necessary to follow during construction activities established rules.
Before you start working on creating a high-quality and warm floor in the superstructure, you should be aware of the main features of such a room:
- can have any geometry, it all depends on the choice of the type of roof. It can be broken, symmetrical or asymmetrical designs. The location of the under-roof space can be both along the entire length, and also located on one side of the longitudinal axis.
- The location of the attic floor can extend to the entire quadrature of the building or to any part of it. If the protrusion is limited, then such a room lies on the extension of the console.
- The planned project depends on several factors. The main parameter is the architecture of the entire structure and load bearing capacity house walls.
Advice! To arrange for attic floor floor, ceiling and walls, experts recommend choosing relatively light building materials so as not to burden the structure of the whole house.
- As a rule, the attic area is large, so it is important to avoid heat loss during the arrangement. Despite the fact that the lower plane is not in contact with external environment, the area needs high-quality thermal insulation.
The attic can have any configuration, which opens up new opportunities for interesting design projects. In addition to the aspect of rationalization and increase in full-fledged living space, the attic floor is economical. Practice shows that the construction of an attic is cheaper than the construction of a full-fledged floor of the same area. In addition to the functional advantages, it is impossible not to say about the aesthetics. Attics give the whole building a more expressive and unusual view. Understanding the features of the construction of the attic floor in a private house, you can take into account everything during planning important points when arranging the floor, in order to avoid mistakes and discomfort in the future. Particular attention should be paid to floor insulation.
Arrangement of the lower plane
By virtue of design features attic, when arranging the floor, you need to remember that in order to climb to the second floor, you will need to equip a hatch, which will subsequently connect to the stairs. To do this, you need to choose its location and leave enough space for its device. The algorithm for arranging the lower plane of the attic floor is as follows:
- We clean up to prepare the base. To do this, we remove debris, tools and foreign objects from the surface.
- The next step is to test the floors for strength. What is it for? It is on the floors that the main operational load falls, so it is extremely important to make sure of their strength and reliability. We carefully examine the beams for integrity and the absence of decay.
- We make preparation of wooden log. Their installation is a fundamental stage, the work depends on several factors. The choice of the lag section and the distance between them during the laying process depends on the spacing of the floors, as well as the thickness of the board. The length of the lag should correspond to the size of the roof space.
- Installation of extreme support strips. Installation and fixing is carried out using self-tapping screws or nails. Planks are fixed directly to the pediment or side partitions. The principle of installation is determined by the location of the roof structure.
- It is necessary to put a strong crossbar along the edge of the proposed hatch. To make the fastening reliable, you can use steel corners.
- After the final location of the hatch for entering the attic floor, the remaining logs are installed, taking into account the design features. In this case, the wooden crossbars should be located in the same plane.
It must be remembered that the floor in the attic is the ceiling for the lower floor in the house. Therefore, the reliability of floors and high-quality arrangement will become the key to comfort and safety for all households. At this stage preparatory work flooring completed. You can move on to an equally important part of the work - insulation.
The choice of insulation
When choosing a gasket for the floor on the attic floor, you need to avoid making the structure heavier. There are many building insulation materials on the market. Which of them is optimal for, you should understand in detail. We remember that the ceiling of the lower floor is also the basis for the attic. Therefore, heavy insulation should be avoided, as they put excessive stress on ceiling beams and ceilings. Experts recommend the following heaters:
- Styrofoam is the easiest way to insulate the floor. Advantages:
- affordability;
- excellent thermal conductivity;
- moisture resistance and biological stability;
- ease of installation.
In addition to the advantages of using polystyrene foam as insulation for the floor in the attic, there are also disadvantages. The material has low vapor permeability, little strength, and is also a fertile environment for rodents.
- Polystyrene extruded. Representative of the modern generation of floor insulation, which has the following advantages:
- high rates of moisture resistance;
- low thermal conductivity threshold;
- slot fastening system.
The disadvantages include the high cost of the material and low vapor permeability.
- Mineral wool - optimal choice for floor insulation in the attic. Pros of using:
- the material is fireproof;
- has low thermal conductivity;
- moisture resistant;
- environmentally friendly for households.
The disadvantages include the high cost and the presence of joints during installation. Slots and joints that may result from installation must be sealed with special mastics.
- Expanded clay is one of the most effective materials for floor insulation. This heater is a budget option With good performance. Pros:
- lightness;
- maximum filling of voids;
- environmental Safety.
Important! When choosing expanded clay for floor insulation in an apartment or semi-attic, you need to take into account its shrinkage, the coefficient is 1.15.
Glass wool is considered a classic of insulation. But, along with safer ones, its characteristics are not ideal. Choosing a heater for the floor, you need to proceed not only from financial possibilities, but also from the aspect of durability. As they say, the miser pays twice! Therefore, savings in measures to insulate the floor of the attic is not appropriate.
Floor insulation in the attic
Arrangement of the floor in the superstructure - milestone. In the process, it is necessary to eliminate any errors that can lead to negative consequences. As a result of improper installation, the ceiling of the lower floor of the house may suffer. The algorithm of work on floor insulation includes several stages:
- Creation of a high-quality vapor barrier layer. To do this, the entire prepared surface is covered with a special film. This is necessary in order to avoid the accumulation of condensate from the lower floor. When laying the coating, it is necessary to overlap the canvases by 15-20 centimeters.
- Heater installation. Insulation is placed between the lags. It is important to monitor the formation of gaps between the plates, so it is recommended to make an overlap of 2 centimeters.
- The next layer is laid on top of the insulation vapor barrier film. In this case, installation is carried out on flat surface, and the material is fixed on the logs with staples or nails.
- Preparing the crate for laying floor boards.
- Laying is done on top of the crossbars wooden flooring. You can use veneer or edged boards. The joints between the planks are fastened with staples, screws or nails. Such flooring is called a subfloor.
- Produced finishing gender.
When using wood in work, attention should be paid to antiseptic and fire-fighting treatment. This will help prevent rotting as a result of moisture ingress, increase the level of fire safety in the room.
Important! Between the layers of hydro- and vapor barrier it is necessary to create air layer at 50 millimeters. This will help increase the life of the floor in the attic!
When choosing materials for arranging the floor, preference should be given to lightweight, energy-saving, vapor-tight and soundproof.
Flooring on the second floor.
There are several basic rules for creating a high-quality, durable and reliable floor on the attic floor:
- The focus is on sealing the entire structure. To do this, all joints, corners or cracks are treated with sealant lubricants or insulating tape.
- In the case of installation of a self-leveling floor, the surface is pre-primed. For a perfectly even floor, a self-leveling compound is used, diluted with water in the correct proportion. On such a floor, you can lay tiles, carpet, laminate or any other decorative coating.
- Do not leave the space between the lags empty. If the voids are not filled, the floor can resonate with a loud booming sound. You can use to fill the space loose insulation, expanded polystyrene in granules or crumbs of expanded clay. This technique helps to perform both soundproofing and insulation.
- It is better to do floor insulation in a two-layer way. In this case, ligation of seams and beams with a thickness of at least 150 millimeters is performed.
The arrangement of the floor depends on what material the floors in the house are made of. It can be wooden beams or reinforced concrete floor. In the work on the arrangement of the floor should be given not only to the choice quality materials but also safety. Having learned all the details and a step-by-step algorithm of actions, you can do all the work with your own hands no less qualitatively than professionals with experience will do.
Proper insulation of the attic and attic ceiling.
In order for the attic floor to be an effective barrier to the sounds of steps and impacts, it is best to lay a floating floor on it, which is not permanently connected to either the base or the walls. A layer is laid on the floor thermal insulation material at least 40 mm thick (doubling this thickness can increase the sound insulation performance by approximately 5 dB) – e.g. mineral wool or soft felt board. Then, dry screed slabs (most often plasterboard or gypsum fiber) are laid with a total thickness of 2–2.5 cm (two layers shifted 20 cm relative to each other or ready-made double slabs). On an uneven floor, you can lay a leveling pad of expanded clay, perlite or vermiculite (a 5 cm thick layer weighs about 25 kg / m?), And only on top of it - an elastic foam substrate. polymer material and dry screed boards.
The floor can be finished in any way. If there is a risk that the boards will come into direct contact with water (for example, in the case of tiles installed in the bathroom next to the bath and shower), they should be covered with a waterproofing seamless membrane or a waterproof ceramic tile adhesive should be used.
When arranging the floor in the attic, you should ask yourself a few questions: what floor design to prefer, how to soundproof the floors and whether the floor will need additional insulation. If the answers to these questions are received, it is possible to proceed to work on the device of the floor.
Floor Leveling
If there are small irregularities on the base, it is worth waiting with their alignment until the partitions between the walls are erected. separate rooms attic. This event cannot be postponed only if beams stick out of the ceiling, which are easy to stumble on during work.
The easiest way to level the floor is to make a subfloor. Thermal insulation is laid in the space between the beams, which simultaneously acts as sound insulation, and on ceiling beams(matrices) - for example, OSB-plates with a minimum thickness of 25 mm.
Before you start building your home, you need to carefully prepare. Structural and design solutions should be combined with construction and with the financial component. Often chosen economic project with an attic instead of building a second or subsequent floor. Such a house will combine aesthetics and practicality.
The actual construction of the attic space creates an additional area. And it does not require structural reinforcement. But when reconstructing a house, you need to make sure the strength of the wall structure. During construction, it is necessary to use lightweight materials in order to reduce the load on the floors of the lower floor. The attic floor is this load.
When installing a sand-cement screed on concrete slab , you need to take into account the fact of increasing moisture on the ground floor. It is necessary to carry out redecorating after pouring the screed. Laying insulation between floors is not needed, the screed is arranged according to reinforced concrete slab. In cases of a large difference in height, sand is poured in order to level the floor, more than four centimeters thick. Then on sand base giving all the best waterproofing material and a screed five centimeters high is made. Sand plays the role of soundproofing material. If there is a need to lay out a laminate or parquet or tile on such a base, then apply finishing layer from a self-leveling mixture, in order to remove the difference on the floor surface. After layering on concrete base, there will be no difficulties in laying and operating any floor coverings.
Expanded clay is one of the most popular heat-insulating materials. loose, lightweight material, which has many advantages in environmental friendliness, strength, frost resistance, heat-insulating and sound-proofing abilities and low cost. But it is very unstable to moisture, although this drawback is eliminated with the help of a waterproofing layer. In the hardening solution, it is necessary to lay a mesh of reinforcement. Make a screed for alignment. For mounting wooden floors, mesh is not needed.
Build a floor with your own hands wooden base much more difficult. To make a soundproof layer, it is necessary to fill the voids between the beams with lightweight materials. For the insulating layer, tile material is used, roll type from a mineral base, with a thickness of ten centimeters. After by beam ceilings go in increments of fifty to eighty centimeters, depending on the width of the structure.
There is also a heat-insulating material like penofol, which is similar in properties to mineral wool. The foil part of the material reflects heat and leaves it in the room.
In the cavity between the lags, cables are provided - channels in order to lay communications. When laying a clean floor, try to avoid cracks. Carpets, linoleum, cork are recommended for use as floor coverings for wooden floors. For cork material, it is necessary to carry out additional leveling of the floor surface.
At planning the placement of a bathroom in the attic during installation, certain requirements must be observed. The device is possible only on reinforced concrete floors. First you need to lay on the floor surface soundproof material. The next step is a screed of dry material in several layers. A waterproofing material is applied over the screed around the entire perimeter of the bathroom, with it raised to the wall, to a height of up to fifteen centimeters. After sealing all corners and joints, a primer is applied to the floor. The result is a perfect surface. Then ceramic tiles are laid on the prepared surface.
Arranging the floor in the attic with your own hands, use boards laid on beams at least four centimeters thick. Between the layer of thermal insulation material and wooden board leave a gap for air to circulate. Mainly wood is used conifers for floor covering. This material is easy to process, durable. When laying on the floor, the boards must be dry and free of excess moisture otherwise they will dry out.
Lay the boards on the logs. Initially, they are laid out on the floor in order to mark and combine, since there should be a gap of two millimeters between the boards. The distance from the hay should be about one centimeter. They are numbered, then the first board is laid out according to the level in order to avoid skewing the floor, then all the rest are laid according to numbering and nailed.
When using a fibreboard, several layers of roofing felt are laid on the previously prepared floor, then several layers of fibreboard. After that lay the floor coverings.
Also, insulation is carried out using sawdust. A twenty-centimeter layer of shavings is placed on a layer of roofing material.
One of the options for insulation is foam. It retains heat very well, but it is not an obstacle for mice. It can be used as a heater. Laying sheets in several layers with a thickness of not one hundred millimeters, but fifty millimeters, then the rafters are fully laid on the foam.
The interior decoration of the walls can be done using MDF panels. During the work it is convenient and reliable at fastening. The ceiling is best made of drywall, followed by a primer, putty, and painting. These jobs are labor intensive.
To equip the floor in the attic with your own hands, you need to have a certain skill and knowledge, without which it is impossible to complete the work. As a result, you need to consult with the masters, read specialized literature. There is no difficulty in this work, but it is necessary to approach it with full responsibility so that there are no problems in exploiting the results of your activities.
