Build your own wooden house. Building a house with your own hands: we build a house from a bar in stages. Houses wooden from a bar

Wood is a practical and convenient building material with excellent performance characteristics. It is relatively inexpensive, environmentally friendly and safe for humans. Therefore, a wooden house built with their own hands is perfect for people who are used to taking care of their health and using safe and natural products. possible without the help of professionals. It is enough to have elementary skills in construction, time and desire.

Preparation for the construction of a wooden house

Before you start building a house with your own hands, prepare a sufficient amount of necessary materials and tools. To work, you will need the following:

• concrete mixer;
• wooden beam;
• tow;
• saw (preferably gasoline);
• ruberoid;
• screwdriver;
• a hammer;
• antiseptic;
• screws and nails;
• corrugated board;
• drill;
• electric planer;
• scaffolding;
• wooden sheet.

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Foundation for a wooden house

As a rule, houses from a bar are built in conditions of low-rise construction. It is not recommended to build a wooden house with more than 2 floors. If you are planning to build a two-story house, then it is highly recommended to make the top floor an attic.

A wooden house can be built on a shallow foundation, because. the finished structure will be quite light. Most often, shallow columnar and strip foundations are used. The tape structure must be reinforced.

In the case of a prefabricated base, reliable fastening should be used to achieve the required strength. It must be fixed along the entire lower harness.

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Step-by-step instructions for building a frame

A wooden house can be built on a wooden and metal base. Metal frames are less popular, because. they are 40-50% more expensive. However, they are lighter in weight, which further saves on the construction of the foundation.

If finances allow, then oak should be used for the basis of a frame house. However, if this material cannot be used, it can be replaced. Corner joints are carried out according to the tenon-groove method. Adjust the bars close to each other, without gaps. The beam must have a cross section of 15 cm².

When building a wooden house, it is not recommended to use metal fasteners. Over time, the metal will begin to oxidize and cause rotting processes in the wood. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to refrain from using nails and self-tapping screws. Instead, wooden dowels are perfect. They allow you to extend as much as possible, built with your own hands.

In the process of arranging a wooden house, its thermal insulation is necessarily carried out.

Insulation is easiest to install in wall gaps. However, in order to achieve the necessary spatial strength, the foundation of the house must be installed with braces. Otherwise, under the influence of external loads, your wooden house may be deformed and even collapse. In accordance with building codes and regulations, the frame must be erected using three braces. They must be made of the same material as the vertical frame posts.

The outer side of the frame is sheathed with wood panels. It is recommended to mount it at an angle of about 45 degrees, and not strictly horizontally. Most often, lining is used for sheathing.

A grooved board with a width of 60 mm is also suitable. Be sure to take into account the fact that during the first few years after the completion of the construction of a wooden house, the material may dry out due to various atmospheric influences. So no need to nail the skin with special zeal.

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Floor Installation Guide

First of all, a beam with a section of 150x150 mm is laid along the perimeter of the future walls of the house. It must be of the best quality. Before laying the timber, it will be necessary to lay the roofing material and apply a special antiseptic composition that will protect the wood from moisture and pests. To fasten the beam, use anchor bolts in increments of 200 cm. Be sure to use a level when setting corners. They must be set as accurately as possible. Make sure that the deviations do not exceed 10 mm.

Bearing structures, floors and walls of a wooden house are made of the same material. If you violate this rule, then due to the different expansion coefficients, your wooden house may squint very soon. For the device of the subfloor, it is allowed to use the cheapest material, for example, uncut boards are well suited. Install lags. In the future, thermal insulation material will be mounted between them. Finished floor boards are laid on top of the thermal insulation.

After completing the arrangement of the floor of a wooden house, you can proceed to one of the most important stages - the construction of walls.

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How to build walls and roof?

The walls of a wooden house can only be built on a flat and dry surface. Otherwise, they will be oblique. To assemble the wall frame, use boards of the same width and length. It is best that their height is equal to the height of the rooms of your future home. If possible, make the ceilings high (at least 250 cm). This will ensure more intensive air circulation and optimal temperature conditions inside the house. However, building a house with high ceilings will require more wood. Do not make ceilings lower than 2.5 m. In such rooms, you will feel constant pressure and discomfort.

When calculating wall sections, take into account the planned and permissible floor loads. The beams are installed in increments of 30, 40 and 60 cm. The width of the boards used is selected taking into account the quality of the selected sheathing.

Siding can be used to cover the walls of a wooden house. In this case, take a step equal to 20-30 cm. Take into account the plastic properties of the skin and its low resistance to stress. Siding is one of the most practical and, which is also very important, durable materials. Its installation will not cause you any difficulties. After the device, it does not need to be painted and varnished. The main disadvantage of siding is its artificial origin. If chipboard, pseudo-beam and similar materials will be used for sheathing, increase the step to 40-60 cm.

As a rule, sandwich panels are used in the construction of a wooden house. They weigh and cost little. This allows you to significantly reduce the load on the base and reduce construction costs. And the finished wooden house will be quite light. Another big advantage of such panels is their low thermal conductivity. They allow you to solve the problems associated with the thermal insulation of a wooden house much faster and easier.

At the end, the construction of the roof is carried out. Various materials can be used for roofing: corrugated board, natural tiles, ondulin, etc. Select a specific solution according to your own preferences and available budget.

The roof device begins with the installation of the ceiling. Lift the floors up, set them in place and secure with special nails. On the mounted floors, make a temporary flooring.

Next, you will need to assemble and install the rafters. It is best to do them right on the roof. This will save you from having to lift a fairly heavy structure onto the roof of a wooden house. To connect the rafters, it is recommended to use not nails, but bolts. This option is much more reliable.

With its lower part, the rafters should rest on a protruding beam. At the joints, they need to be nailed, and for greater reliability, additionally tightened with staples. Install all the rafters and proceed to the device of the crate. It is fastened with a screwdriver and screws.

Proceed to the roof deck. Lay roofing material on the finished crate (at least 2 layers), then fix the metal corrugated board. In the modern construction market, special screws are sold for fastening corrugated board. There is a special rubber gasket between the thread and the head of such screws. Such fasteners prevent metal corrosion.

Now you know how to do it yourself. Successful work!

Our portal is replete with examples of the construction and operation of small, or, as they are now commonly called, mini-houses, but usually these are either frame-modular or frame structures. As it turned out, a log is also a suitable wall material, especially when the construction concept is environmentally friendly and natural. One of our craftsmen, with the nickname mike099. His theme has collected all the stars, which indicates its relevance, so it makes sense to expand the reach of the audience by considering the construction process in stages:

• Eco hut.
• Training.
• Foundation.
• Box.
• Roof.
• Internal work.

Eco-hut only 30 m²

mike099 FORUMHOUSE user

The dream of building a wooden house has long crept in - an environmentally friendly one, practically without paints, mineral wool, polystyrene foam and other "benefits" of modern industry. The task is to build a solid, comfortable house with minimal effort, suitable for winter arrivals and year-round living, therefore shingles, boulders, mezzanines, Russian stoves and other delights of centuries past were not included in the project.

The craftsman immediately decided on the construct:

• Pile foundation.
• A box of hand-cut logs.
• Metal roof.
• As a heater for ceilings - sawdust with and sawdust with lime.

Training

The preparation stage included clearing the site, digging a well, installing a purchased wooden change house and a toilet, after which the project selection stage began. Initially, the craftsman aimed at a one-and-a-half-story log house 8 × 9 meters with five rooms, but as he comprehended, a completely different design loomed. From the second floor, although attic, he refused, both because of the unwillingness to engage in stair fitness, and for other reasons. In addition, with planned stove heating, there will be a large temperature difference between levels. Plus, it is problematic to insulate a pitched roof with sawdust, with an overlap and a cold attic is much easier. Then it was the turn of the quadrature, and the result of the selection of the optimal layout was the project of a log house 6 × 6 meters, with a set of functional rooms.

The meters vital for a comfortable existence were taken into account, as well as savings in operation by reducing heating costs, and country specificity - a house for “drinking tea and sleeping”. However, this adjustment in scale led to the abandonment of the planned cutting of the log into a cup. A six-meter log just fits into the plan, and a seven-meter log is much more expensive, and only a few work with it. Yes, visually cutting into a cup wins, but the “dovetail” with the intersection is quite functional, and the ends can be covered with platbands.

Foundation

The preference for screw piles was given due to the desire to try a “super modern solution” and save money, as well as due to the speed and relative ease of installation. In total, nine piles were screwed in - three points of support for each bearing beam, the pile diameter was 108 mm, and the thickness was 4 mm. Despite some problems during the installation of piles and the fragility of the coating, positioned as a durable protective layer, but in fact torn off without effort by a fingernail, the craftsman is satisfied with the choice. Moreover, it is possible that the bathhouse will also be put on piles, although it admits that the tape or slab will be “more reliable”.

Box

The log house was collected on moss, ordered in advance from another region, before installation, the moss was poured out to dry, since when it was delivered it was still fresh and did not shrink much in the two weeks spent waiting in the wings. It turned out to be problematic to make log partitions due to the small dimensions of the four-wall, and the cost of the box in this case would have jumped by almost half. Therefore, in one day, the hired team brought and assembled just a box in one day, and although the moss after assembly hung picturesquely on all the walls, it took much less than planned, as practice has shown, they obviously did not report it.

To dry the log house, ventilation holes were cut out 30 × 30 cm in size, with a grate. To everyone who is only in the process, mike099 recommends doing more. He was already engaged in heaving (primary caulking of the log house with moss) on his own, driving the hanging moss into the voids, cut off the excess with a clerical knife.

Roof

The craftsman abandoned the now popular soft tile for several reasons.

mike099

The soft roof was dismissed immediately, due to the lower environmental friendliness and higher price. Binders, the basis of soft tiles - these materials are far from natural. Its installation is more expensive, and you need a flat flooring made of OSB or plywood.

Therefore, I preferred metal tiles, imitating the ceramic source. A wide, semicircular ridge, instead of rafter elements - a central ridge support beam. Waterproofing, counter-lattice along the rafters (50 × 50 mm), lathing with a step under the coating profile (35 cm). As planned - eaves overhangs of 70 cm, in the future there will be a metal drainage system.

After assembling the log house “under the roof”, I protected the ventilation windows with awnings, and also installed temporary ebbs from the waterproofing at the ends, slots of the ebbs and at the junction of the box and the strapping. No matter how much I wanted to avoid the use of chemistry, I had to treat the gables from imitation timber with protective impregnation.

Internal work

The ceiling was made at the stage of assembling the beam, I wanted to keep the style, but processing the log now is not a cheap pleasure, like the log itself. The craftsman replaced the log with a board 50 mm thick, with gaps covered by an unedged board 25 mm thick, all the lumber was debarked and sanded before installation. In order to avoid problems when insulating with a mixture of sawdust and clay, two supporting logs go through the ceiling.

I made the window openings on my own, as the specialized companies raised the price tag to unattainable heights.

mike099

The pigtail is made simple, rough T-shaped: I marked the grooves in the log with a saw, the main sample was cut with a milling cutter. I laid a bar 50x50 mm dry, with a linen tape (insulation) and shot a box from a board 200x50 mm to it with self-tapping screws.

Another indulgence in favor of modern materials is a metal door and two plastic windows; wooden euro windows were installed in future living quarters. Again, in order to save money, he painted the windows on his own, which he regrets - the quality turned out to be lower than the factory one, and taking into account the cost of consumables, the difference in money is minimal with large labor costs.

To increase the heat capacity of the house, I chose a combined stove, brick, with a cast-iron stove, as a compromise between an iron potbelly stove and a Russian stove. Under the furnace, the foundation is 1.7 m deep, reinforcing cage, two m³ of concrete.

As it dried, the draft floor “pleased” with cracks, I had to close them with flashings, before filling the sawdust, I laid the remaining dry moss as a natural antiseptic.

Sawdust before laying flavored with lime and carefully tamped. Before starting the installation of the finishing floorboard, the craftsman brought out communications.

An unpleasant surprise was the strong warpage of the floor after drying for just one day and the loss of knots. As a result, the coating is opened and re-installed, and the reason is the purchase of materials in a hurry, on the market.

The craftsman decided to leave in the first winter with an insulated underground - a metal frame around the perimeter of the basement, XPS to it, 50 mm thick, and horizontally, to the ground, with a slope from the house, also sheets of insulation. The horizontal layer was simply covered back with earth, the lawn in the area right under the log house, and the basement was later revetted with basement siding under brickwork.

Log sanding mike099 did it on my own, first with an eccentric sander. It turned out to be rather weak, so they replaced it with a grinder, first I used a circle with a grain of 80, the second pass - with a grain of 120-150. Only 200 liters of waste accumulated in the vacuum cleaner, but it was worth it.

The wooden house does not lose popularity even today, because until now it remains the most environmentally friendly and safe housing. At the same time, wood is characterized by high strength and long service life. It retains heat in the room for a long time, forms a comfortable microclimate and a cozy atmosphere in the house.

In turn, the light weight of the tree does not require a heavy deep foundation. And the processed log and timber look very attractive, aesthetically pleasing and finished. Therefore, wooden walls do not need finishing. All this reduces physical and financial costs, reduces construction time.

Many refuse wooden houses, as the tree is subject to negative influence. However, modern construction technologies and lumber processing prevent rotting and drying out of wood, the appearance of cracks and mold. Protective compositions retain the color, original appearance and properties of lumber for a long time. Such a house will easily stand for about a hundred years!

Stages of building a wooden house

Before construction, first of all, you need to decide on the type of materials. Wooden materials are also different. The main products are timber and logs. They are similar in physical properties and qualities, but different in appearance. If this is a house for permanent residence, the cross section of the timber should be at least 150x150 mm, and the diameter of the log should be at least 220 mm.

Then comes the design. You can choose a ready-made project and make changes or develop an individual one. The construction company "MariSrub" builds wooden houses both according to a standard and according to a personal project. In the catalog of the company you will find a wide selection of ready-made cottages, cottages and baths. There are houses with an attic, a terrace and a balcony, a built-in pool and a garage, one-story and two-story houses.

There are the following stages of building a house:

• Design, selection and production of lumber;
• Foundation installation;
• Assembly of a log house;
• Roof installation;
• Insulation and waterproofing of the log house, work with the walls of the house (grinding, caulking, processing, etc.);
• Installation of windows and doors;
• Conducting and connecting engineering networks;
• Decorative finish.

We must not forget about the protective treatment with antiseptics and flame retardants, which is carried out several times. For the first time immediately after the manufacture of lumber, then after the installation of the log house and at the final stages of finishing the building. The masters of the company "MariSrub" must perform antiseptic at every stage! Let's take a closer look at each type of building material. And learn how to build a wooden house with your own hands.

What material to choose

• The rounded log is a material of the correct cylindrical shape with a perfectly smooth and even surface. Aesthetically attractive product will harmoniously fit into the environment and will look spectacular on a suburban area. Due to the even and smooth surface, rounded logs are easy to stack and fasten;
• Chopped logs are suitable for those who prefer houses in the traditional Russian style. Lumber is processed manually, which preserves the top layer of wood as much as possible and increases the protective properties. An interesting unusual relief of lumber will make the house original and refined. However, it is more difficult to lay a chopped log than a round log. And it costs more due to manual work;
• Profiled timber - lumber with a square or rectangular section, ideally smooth and even surface. The beam is easy to lay, and the installation of the log house will take no more than a week. The material is distinguished by minimal shrinkage, high thermal insulation and a neat appearance. The log house looks stylish and aesthetically pleasing;
• Double timber is an excellent option for building a bathhouse and a house for permanent residence. It represents two minibars, between which ecowool is laid as a heater. This increases the heat and sound insulation materials, which saves on building insulation. In such a room it will be comfortable both in summer and in winter.

The foundation of a wooden house

To choose the right type of foundation, take into account the weight and design features of the house, the type of soil and the level of groundwater on the land. For buildings with a basement, basement or underground floor, a strip foundation is suitable. It represents a tape that runs along the perimeter of the house and takes the entire load of the building. This is a very strong, stable and durable foundation that can be built on moving ground.

A columnar foundation is chosen for a compact cottage or bath, as well as for land with heavily freezing soil. This is an affordable and inexpensive option. It is not suitable for large houses and buildings with a basement! The most common foundation in wooden construction is the pile foundation. If the pillars are dug into the ground, then the piles are screwed in. The pile foundation is suitable for any log or log house, for any soil and groundwater level.

A slab foundation is chosen with a very high groundwater level and unstable soil with poor bearing capacity. It is suitable for large and heavy buildings, it is characterized by high cost and complexity of work.

When installing any foundation, further communications are taken into account. Special attention should be paid to the insulation and waterproofing of the structure, the installation of a drainage system. For more information on which base to choose and how to make a foundation for a wooden house, see.

Log house installation

Making and installing a log house from a log or timber is not as difficult as it seems. Perhaps this is even the easiest stage in the construction of a wooden house. First, a waterproofing layer of roofing felt is laid on the poured frozen surface of the foundation. Boards over 5 cm thick are placed on top of the roofing sheets, and then a layer of jute is laid. This technique increases the thermal insulation properties of the house, because up to 40% of heat leaves the room through the floor.

A log house is installed on the insulation layer. Production logs or timber must be treated with protective compounds and marked. Such a wall kit is easy to assemble according to the technological map. The crowns are laid row by row, checked by level and fastened in a checkerboard pattern with the help of a dowel. At the same time, a layer of insulation is laid on each crown and fixed with a construction stapler.

The log house is tied up at the corners, and the logs or beams are connected every meter using spikes. Additional fastening is important for the design to be strong and stable. After installing the log house and the rough roof, you need to wait 6-12 months. At this time, the main shrinkage of a wooden house occurs.

Other jobs

Installation of the roof includes the calculation and construction of the truss system, the selection and installation of roofing, the installation of drainpipes and other additional elements, as well as hemming the roof. For a wooden house, it is not necessary to use rigid fastening of rafters, fronts and girders so that the structure does not break during subsequent shrinkage.

For houses made of timber or logs, a classic metal tile and soft roof, natural wood flooring (shingle), ondulin will be a suitable option. For small houses and outbuildings, slate and corrugated board are used.

Installation of windows and doors requires preliminary installation of a pigtail or casing. If the structures are fastened directly to the ends of the opening, in the process of subsequent shrinkage they will be deformed and displaced. Windows and interior doors are better to choose from wood.

Such designs do not violate the harmony of environmental friendliness and safety of a wooden house. Wooden windows and doors are characterized by environmental friendliness, naturalness, durability and reliability. Wood does not heat up, does not emit an unpleasant toxic odor and does not attract dust like plastic.

Working with walls involves careful processing of a log or timber with an antiseptic, grinding and caulking. Sanding will improve the appearance of the wood and will repair the cracks that have appeared during shrinkage. After such a procedure, the paint and varnish will lie evenly and beautifully. Insulation of interventional seams is done with jute, moss, tow or acrylic sealant. Caulking will close cracks and cracks, enhance the thermal insulation of the house.

Caulking is important to carry out with strict adherence to technology, otherwise the walls may warp. Uniformity and sequence of actions play an important role in this process. Work begins with the lower crown and is laid along the perimeter of the house, first from the outside and then inside. Only then does it move on to the next row.

Final stage

At the end, the built house is once again treated with protective compounds, if necessary, decorative exterior and interior decoration is performed. In this case, it is important to choose environmentally friendly, safe and reliable materials. Acrylic varnishes and paints, natural oils and wax are well suited. Experts advise using wooden finishing materials, including lining and block house (log imitation), parquet and laminate, cork or oak panels.

For decoration, natural materials such as stone or glass are used. For the bathroom and bathroom choose tiles, mosaics and processed wood. Many people prefer to keep the natural look of a log or beam and choose a “zero” finish. In this case, it is important to carefully treat the wood with antiseptics and cover it with decorative varnish. To preserve texture and color, choose transparent products.

The company "MariSrub" performs a full range of works on the construction of a wooden house from a bar or log. We independently produce lumber, which guarantees the quality of products and allows you to save on delivery, contractor services. That's why we offer low prices!

In "MariSrub" you can order the construction of a turnkey house according to a standard or individual project. The architect of the firm will finalize and transform the selected option, taking into account the characteristics of the land plot and the wishes of the client, or develop a new project from scratch. The masters of the company will install a log house, build a roof and foundation, install and connect engineering networks. We carry out insulation and all work with the walls of the house. We guarantee the quality and compliance with the terms of construction!

Wooden houses in the northern regions still do not lose their former popularity. In addition to unique architectural solutions, they attract environmental friendliness, reliability and special comfort. Modern technologies for processing wood and logs make it possible to build high-quality houses with an unusually beautiful finish.

Projects of wooden houses are very diverse. Logs, beams and individual parts can be processed in various ways. Improving performance is achieved by coating their surfaces with special reagents - antiseptics. Means protect wooden buildings from fungi, various types of mold and rot. Fire-resistant solutions - anti-foams, during a fire, they will protect walls, door and window blocks, beam ceilings from fire for a certain time. They are applied directly to the wood, and then covered with a layer of paint or varnish, applying a primer. With the help of insecticidal solutions, wooden houses can be protected from beetles and other insects.

What species of trees are usually used to build houses?

Regardless of the terrain and season, the construction of wooden houses requires the right selection of materials, taking into account all its characteristics and personal preferences of the owners.

Pine wooden houses

Its wood has a pronounced texture pattern. Its density, and, consequently, its strength, are considered suitable for the erected house to be warm and strong. Moreover, the price category of such buildings is low.

It is customary to build pine houses in winter, which reduces the likelihood of wood fungal diseases.

Especially if work has been carried out in advance to ensure its protection. Usually pine is used in the construction of structures and exterior decoration of houses. Resin passages are located not only in the bark, but also in wood, which, even covered with a layer of varnish, exudes a pleasant smell.

spruce wood

The building material is light, with a slight yellowish tint. Annual rings are visible on any section. The tree does not have a clearly defined core. Spruce is used for the manufacture of lumber (boards, beams), plywood, glued laminated timber, veneer, chipboard, fiberboard.

In the construction of wooden houses, spruce is used in the construction of roofs, wall and ceiling frames, and interior cladding. The number of knots is greater than that of pine.

Siberian larch

Siberian larch wood has many advantages. It retains heat well in the house even in severe frosts. It does not absorb moisture well, therefore it is suitable for construction in regions with high rainfall and high humidity. It is not damaged by insects and other pests.

Larch wood is more resistant to fire than pine wood. Due to the originality of the wood pattern, it looks very decorative.

It has a positive effect on the human body and pets living in the house. But over time, the wood becomes very strong. It is quite difficult to make repairs in such a house, and hammering a nail into the wall is no longer so easy.

strong oak

Houses built of oak are considered the most reliable and strong:

1. Buildings are not exposed to moisture.
2. The core of the tree is very strong.
3. Oak lives for a long time, more than one hundred years, as it is not affected by pathogens.
4. Due to the dense structure and the presence of special substances, oak wood does not rot, so impregnation with antiseptics is not required.
5. Oak burns badly. Treatment with fire retardants will maximize the preservation of the structure in case of fire.

However, due to the heavy weight of oak logs, the house will need a sufficiently powerful one.

Cedar

Due to the considerable height of cedar trees, they are the best material for building large houses. Shades of wood from light yellow to amber, with a slight touch of pink. The wood is relatively light, with a soft structure that can be worked on, so the home can be finished in any suitable style.

The advantages of log houses

For the construction of houses, coniferous trees are most often used.

It is they who can provide high quality construction, taking into account their important properties:

1. The presence of resin passages and pockets (sernitsa) eliminates the possibility of decay. This significantly increases the life of the building.
2. Weak hygroscopicity is an important advantage over many hardwoods.
3. Relatively low weight allows you to save money when building a foundation.
4. The trunks are straight, a small number of branches makes it possible to increase the length of the logs.

Wooden houses are built mainly from pine, larch and spruce. The wood of trees grown in areas with a harsh climate is most valued.

Due to poor conditions, their growth is greatly slowed down, the wood becomes dense and does not crack during the operation of buildings.

In modern house projects, two types of logs are used - hand-cut and rounded. In the first version, craftsmen process logs by hand, use axes, planers and. They remove only the bark and bast, so all the valuable properties of this building material are preserved. Standard diameter - 24 cm and more.

Rounded logs are made on special woodworking machines. Finished products have the shape of a regular cylinder, which simplifies their installation and increases the decorative effect of walls, both external and internal. The standard size of such logs for houses in Central Russia is more than 24 cm in diameter.

Projects of wooden houses made of logs are distinguished by great variety and operational reliability. One-story dwellings, 1.5-story and two-story, with terraces and attics, balconies, verandas are very popular with the population.

Houses wooden from a bar

The construction of houses from profiled timber attracts the attention of not only private developers, but also many travel companies.

These dwellings have a number of advantages over other low-rise buildings made of foam concrete blocks, bricks and even logs:

1. The shortest construction time. They are assembled in just a few weeks, while the construction of houses from other materials can take several months.
2. The ability to do without or use a block house, lining.
3. Do not affect the environment. Timber naturally regulates the level of humidity in rooms and other spaces. Due to good insulation, it allows maintaining the desired temperature in them at minimal cost.
4. Affordable prices - depend on the cost of building materials, small time costs for the implementation of various technological processes and operations.

Timber houses are quite light and do not require the construction of a massive deep foundation, which significantly reduces their total cost.

Residential houses and cottages, outbuildings and even baths are being built from high-tech glued beams (structural wall). Since the walls look almost monolithic, exterior and interior decoration may not be required. In most cases, painting is done.

Russian tower

Terem is a constructor house by its nature, consisting of several (up to eight) cages or huts. In the old days, the tower was the upper living quarters. In the old days, these could be rich merchants, nobles and even peasants. The basis of the hut is a log house - "connected" logs. Previously, when building houses, they tried not to use nails.

A variety of exteriors is a strong point of Russian-style houses. For decor, wood carving is usually used.

The house itself is rarely higher than two floors, especially if the construction of the estate is not planned. But this is a different style with its own, more conservative features.

Among the advantages of the Terem are:

1. Ideal microclimate. Since the main material is wood, the house will have an optimal level of humidity. The porosity of the material allows air to pass through the logs, which means that there will be no lack of oxygen either. When coniferous wood is used in construction, indoor spaces will be protected from most pathogenic microbes, since this type of wood releases phytoncides that are deadly to most pathogenic organisms.
2. The aesthetics of Russian towers also refers to their merits.
3. Houses made of wood warm up better than brick counterparts. Plus, it lasts longer too.
4. Such dwellings attract residents of megacities who want to live outside the "concrete box".

It is worth considering some disadvantages:

1. Increased fire hazard. Since the house is built of wood, special fire-fighting treatment is necessary to minimize the potential chance of fire. But even this does not provide complete protection.
2. A wooden house requires much more maintenance, it is quite difficult to keep it in good condition, unlike stone and brick counterparts.
3. When building wooden houses, it takes time for the building to shrink after construction. The only exception is if high-quality glued beams were used during the construction. Shrinkage also occurs during operation, which does not affect the condition of the house too well.
4. Wood is not the cheapest material, just like the construction process itself.

Despite all this, the popularity of towers continues to grow now.

exterior features

Among the main features of the exterior of the towers, the following can be distinguished:

• Only natural materials are used in construction: wood and natural stone. Moreover, the latter, in some cases, is artificially aged and used very limitedly, mainly for finishing the basement.
• Active use of carved elements.
• Special stacking of logs "in the cloud", in this case, the logs are laid in such a way that their edges protrude strongly at the corners of the house.
• Stairs in several spans, as well as massive, voluminous columns on.

Also, towers usually have a simple gable roof.

Wooden frame houses

If the frame house is built in compliance with the technology, its service life will be long. However, if you plan to live in it permanently, you should install a ventilation system. One of the most important advantages of a frame dwelling is the incredibly fast construction. A team of three craftsmen will erect it in a month. And if you add time for laying the foundation and finishing work, it will take no more than two months.

Frame houses have several advantages:

• construction technology is distinguished by its availability and low cost, therefore it is considered the most common in many countries of the world;
• there is no need to periodically update the facades;
• , which increases the speed of construction, and reduces overall costs;
• low thermal conductivity;
• the house withstands freeze and thaw cycles without problems, it is not required to maintain a constant temperature in it;
• the ability to lay communications in the walls and increase the aesthetic appeal of the interior;
• due to the lack of shrinkage, immediately after the completion of construction, external and internal finishing work can begin;
• earthquake resistance - houses can withstand earthquakes up to magnitude 9, which is why they are often built in Japan.

The frame house is environmentally friendly. Wood construction, OSB boards, gypsum plasterboards (GKL), insulation and mineral wool do not pose a threat to human health.

How wooden houses are built - video

The construction of wooden cottages does not cease to be popular to this day. And this is not surprising, because such buildings are easily and quickly erected, have good thermal insulation characteristics and are valued for their environmental friendliness. In a wooden house, a microclimate favorable for humans is formed, which is achieved due to the special structure of wood. This material provides natural ventilation of the room, maintains optimal humidity and releases phytoncides, which have a healing effect. If you decide to build a wooden house, then our recommendations on the choice of material, as well as practical advice on the installation of structures, will come in handy.

The choice of material for the walls

To build a house out of wood, you can use one of two materials: a log or timber. Each of these materials can be divided into several varieties depending on the processing method.

Installation of wooden houses can be carried out using the following types of logs:

1. From logs it turns out an even beautiful log house. In fact, this is an ordinary log, from which the top layer was removed to level the surface and give it a cylindrical shape. However, this treatment somewhat reduces the resistance of wood to negative weather factors. This is due to the fact that in the layer under the bark there are many resins that protect the wood, and during cylindering this protective layer is completely removed. That is why this material needs the use of additional protection with the help of special chemical compounds.
2. Wooden house built from logs of natural shape, does not have such an attractive appearance. But the strength and durability of this product is much higher due to the presence of a natural protective layer with a high content of resins. The only drawback of this material is that after the walls are erected, they need a decorative finish.

The construction of a wooden house from a bar can be carried out using the following varieties:

1. Profiled timber- this is a wall material that undergoes special processing, as a result of which the product is given the correct geometric shape with grooves and ridges on two opposite sides. Thanks to this, you can quickly build a beautiful, even, sealed wall by laying insulating material between the bars. Such a wall does not need external and internal decoration.
2. Also, the construction of a house can be carried out using planed timber. The price of this material is more acceptable in comparison with profiled products, but its thermal insulation and aesthetic qualities leave much to be desired.
3. If you decide to build a house out of wood, then sawn timber can be used to equip the frame. Thanks to the use of this material, it is possible to significantly reduce the cost of building cottages. With the use of sawn timber, you can build both a one-story and multi-story wooden house.

The construction of wooden houses can be carried out using frame-panel technology. In this case, in addition to a wooden frame made of sawn timber, the following products are used as wall materials:

• OSB - oriented strand board;
• chipboard;
• special moisture resistant plywood.

Chipboard and moisture resistant plywood have recently given way to OSB. This material is used for arranging the outer and inner surfaces of the walls of a frame house. In addition, it is indispensable when making a continuous roof sheathing for laying flexible roofing material.

Important: the cheapest will be a house built using frame technology. Its price is within 190 $/m². A little more expensive ($ 270 / m²) will cost a building made of logs. The most expensive wooden house will be made from glued beams.

Foundation of a wooden house

Answering the question of where to start building a wooden house, we can say that here the technology does not differ from the traditional construction method, and the installation of the building should begin with the arrangement of the foundation. Since wood walls are relatively light, there is no need to carry out an expensive recessed strip foundation, as is usually done in private construction.

You can build a wooden house on a columnar or pile screw base. The choice of one or another type of foundation depends on the characteristics of the soil in the construction area, the depth of groundwater, and the freezing point of the soil.

Quite often, a wooden house is built on a columnar foundation. This is a fairly reliable foundation that does not require large financial and physical costs for construction. The volume of excavation work is also significantly reduced, which also saves money. Home poles can be made from reinforced concrete, steel pipes filled with rebar and concrete, prefabricated blocks, bricks, natural stone, or specially crafted wood logs. The depth of laying such a foundation can vary significantly and depends on geological and weather factors.

Important: columnar foundations should not be made on soils subject to frost heaving forces and unstable foundations.

If the construction of a wooden house will be carried out on sandy soils or in swampy areas, then it is advisable to choose a pile-screw foundation. It can also be used when building on a slope, on a site with uneven terrain or on soils that are characterized by the presence of loose unstable rocks in the upper layers.

Installation of the pile foundation can be carried out independently without the use of special construction equipment. As screw piles, a steel pipe with a screw blade welded at the end is used. The pipe is screwed into the ground to a depth of about 2.5 m. After that, reinforcement is installed in the pipe cavity and poured with concrete. Piles are mounted with equal spacing (1-1.5 m) under all load-bearing walls. To give the structure rigidity in the upper part, all piles are connected into a single structure by means of a grillage.

Attention: the installation depth of the pile is such that its base rests on solid rock.

The nuances of the construction process

If the construction of a wooden house is carried out independently, then you should follow the recommendations of experts:

1. In a wooden house, you can use the lower crown or the first beam in the wall structure as a grillage. Before laying it, the basement of the house should be isolated from wood with insulating material. Usually two layers of roofing material are used for this.
2. If the construction of cottages is carried out from a log, then the elements of the strapping crown are fastened in the corners of the house in half a tree and additionally fixed with dowels made of oak or birch wood. To do this, three holes are made in the strapping beam with a step of 35 cm. The dowels are installed in a checkerboard pattern.

Important: when installing the strapping beam, it is important to check not only the horizontalness of its installation, but also the correctness of the angles. They must be strictly 90 degrees.

1. After laying the crown or the lower beam, the installation of beams (lag) is carried out for arranging the floor. They are stacked in increments of 70 cm and fastened to the crown. Boards with a thickness of 40 mm are used as a subfloor. Insulation is placed in the gap between the beams. The finish coating can be made from grooved boards with a thickness of 3.5 cm.
2. When laying the lower crown, you should not forget about engineering communications. To do this, cuts of a suitable size are made in a bar or log.
3. When installing walls from a bar, the gaps between the elements are sealed with jute tape. It increases the degree of tightness of the walls. However, after the installation of all wall elements, the gaps between them will have to be additionally caulked.
4. Usually in a wooden house a gable roof is made. This is the easiest option to do it yourself. In addition, under a gable roof, you can equip an attic or make a heated attic, thereby increasing the usable area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house. The rafter system is made of bars with a section of 150x40 mm. They are mounted in increments of 90 cm. A bar with a section of 100x40 mm is suitable for making braces and racks. To carry out the crate, an unedged board with a thickness of at least 2.5 cm is used. Usually, the crate is installed in increments of 30-40 cm.
5. As a roofing, you can use metal tiles, slate, flexible roll materials, corrugated board.