Tips from experienced builders on how to make high-quality asphalt with your own hands. How and from what is asphalt made? How to make asphalt at home

It is a multi-component mixture based on sand, stone and bituminous binder. The “correct” name of the material is asphalt concrete, which does not prevent the use of the term “asphalt” even in specialized publications.

The composition of asphalt includes bitumen, sand, varieties of crushed stone or gravel, as well as mineral additives and fillers. Bitumen remains the only constant component, and the remaining components can be added in various proportions.

Functions of Fine Asphalt Mix Components

Sand, contained in the asphalt, plays the role of a filler and a shallow base, contributes to the distribution of pressure from the road to the ground. Without sand, the bituminous binder would flow out and crushed stone would be squeezed up.

In the case of special asphalts containing cement, sand is involved in the cementation process and gives the pavement additional hardness.

mineral filler- is a rock (sandstone, limestone or chalk) crushed to a dusty state, designed to fill residual voids. Sandstone is the most versatile, as it is inert to almost any chemical attack. Calcium carbonates (limestone and chalk) are commonly used on public roads, while sandstone can be used near chemical plants.

Rubber- added to the asphalt in the form of rubber crumb (1-1.5 mm), gives the coating high water resistance and plasticity. Rubber-treated asphalts are much less likely to crack, which increases the time between repairs. The disadvantage of such roads is the high cost, so their use is limited to laying the most critical sections of highways.

Change in asphalt structure when mineral filler is added

Classification

One of the main parameters is the size of the crushed stone used, dividing asphalts into the following groups:

dense- are used for laying the top layer of the coating and contain fine gravel. In the case of a crushed stone fraction of less than 5 mm, such asphalts are used for pavements with a low load (sidewalks and pedestrian crossings) and are called fine-grained. Larger fractions of crushed stone (5-15 mm) are suitable for creating the top layer of roads;
porous– are used in the lower part of the multi-layer pavement and contain less bitumen than dense asphalts;
highly porous- optimal as a basis for highly loaded highways. In their production, the largest crushed stone of a fraction of 15-40 mm is used. Such dimensions provide the necessary water permeability, creating drainage in lowlands and swampy areas. The large size reduces the shear of the base of the road and indentation into the topsoil, reducing the risk of washing out and subsidence of the pavement.

Manufacturing technology

The basis of any asphalt production lies in the preparation of the initial components, mixing at high temperature and storage in special heated bins.

The close location of the plant to the construction site is important, since the material must be transported for laying in a heated state. If the mixture cools, it will be very difficult to compact it, and the resulting coating will not be strong enough. Consider the stages of asphalt production.

Preparation of the components from which asphalt is made

This includes drying and sieving. Sand, crushed stone and rock usually arrive at the plant in a wet or air-dry state. The presence of residual moisture is fraught with a decrease in the strength of the coating and splashing of the hot bituminous mixture when water enters it.

To eliminate possible consequences, the material is dried at a temperature of 150-160 ° C - this temperature allows you to get rid of the moisture adsorbed in the pores of the material.

Screening of crushed stone is carried out using a screen. The mineral filler is pre-crushed in a crusher, after which it is also subjected to fractionation. Depending on the production technology, drying can be single or double, repeated after crushing or screening.

Mixing components

Crushed stone and sand are fed to a belt conveyor, transporting them to a common bunker. Mixing with filler and bitumen can occur simultaneously or be carried out after reaching a homogeneous crushed stone-sand mass.

After adding bitumen, the temperature is maintained at the level of 160-170?C. After reaching the required consistency, the mixture (already asphalt) enters the storage bin, where it can remain heated for up to 4 days. During this period, it must be shipped to the consumer in order to avoid loss of strength characteristics.

Modification of asphalt with additives that give useful performance properties is carried out simultaneously with asphalt mixing. When creating a rubber-asphalt mixture, rubber crumb is added to a heated, ready-to-use product.

Delivery

Transportation of asphalt concrete to the construction site is carried out by road. Most often, ordinary dump trucks are used, which have a body that is resistant to hot asphalt. For transportation over long distances, kochers can be used - cars with special heat-saving containers. They are designed to preserve the properties of asphalt concrete for 2 days.

How asphalt is made at the factory and whether it is possible to do it yourself with your own hands will tell the video:

How to check the parameters of the roadway and raw materials for its production

To avoid purchasing low-quality asphalt concrete, you should ask the seller for a product conformity certificate. It is issued only after passing a set of tests corresponding to GOST or SNiP (depending on the scope).

In the market for quality control services, there are a number of regional laboratories that carry out sampling and testing of asphalt pavements. During the study, an average sample is taken from the total mass of the material. The analysis of the roadway is carried out by examining the core, which is an asphalt rod obtained by drilling the road with a special hollow drill.

Cold asphalt do it yourself

Let's make a reservation right away that cold asphalt is only laid on its own, and its production is carried out only at the factory. The technology itself differs from the traditional coating in lower operating temperatures (70-110 °C) and the addition of a complex of protective and polymeric additives to its composition. The latter are necessary to give greater strength and the formation of a protective antioxidant film on the bitumen surface.

Despite the name, cold asphalt still has to be heated in cold weather to convert the bitumen into a plastic state. Together with this burner, you need to heat up the place where the asphalt will be laid. Depending on the manufacturer, it is possible to carry out work with cold mixtures even at negative temperatures (up to -20 ... -10 ° С).

The advantage of cold asphalt is a long shelf life. Unlike classic asphalt concrete, it does not need to be applied immediately after purchase. The disadvantages include lower strength, which is almost 2 times less than that of hot asphalt.

For tamping the coating, a vibrating plate or improvised means is used - a thick wooden beam, an automobile wheel. The final finishing of the surface occurs after repeated passage of cars. It is not recommended to make solid sections of the road from cold asphalt, since they collapse under the pressure of a vehicle weighing more than 3.5 tons.

Modified cold asphalt:

Recycling of old asphalt

The high cost of creating a road makes it necessary to look for ways to save money. One of them is recycling - processing of waste asphalt, with the aim of its reuse. Processing is carried out in stationary conditions or in mobile recyclers.

The process is carried out in several stages:

removal of a layer of old asphalt - performed by a remixer that removes the roadway by milling;
crushing the milled layer to the size of crushed stone. The resulting product is called granulate and can be used for laying roads and preparing crushed stone-sand building mixtures;
heating in a furnace without direct contact with fire (to avoid ignition);
adding a fresh portion of bitumen and polymer additives, if necessary.

Recycling technology is of industrial importance and is usually used in the laying of urban and intercity highways. If there is an opportunity to buy recycling asphalt for private purposes, do not hesitate - there is no difference in performance properties, while the price will be significantly lower.

Mobile asphalt recycling plants

Installation #1 Installation #2

Modernization of asphalt concrete pavements

Despite sufficient practicality, roadbeds can be improved. One way is to use special mastics for asphalt. They include bitumen or bitumen emulsions containing rubber polymer additives.

Conventional bituminous mastics are used hot, while emulsions are used cold. The principle of operation of mastics is to seal cracks and pores on the surface of the canvas. This prevents water from entering the road and its destruction - water contributes to cracking of the coating during freezing and water hammer during the passage of vehicles.

Advantages and disadvantages of the material

It is worth noting the following:

For light-duty applications, asphalts are not very expensive, unlike the multi-million dollar cost of laying highways;
With proper quality, asphalt is indispensable in any weather.
Numerous defects are rarely visible from the car window, which are clearly visible to pedestrians;
The production of heated and viscous mixtures is not an easy task, despite the automation of the process;
The difficulty of using heated mixes is partly offset by the appearance of cold asphalt;
Asphalt paths in the garden are not made precisely because of the unpleasant smell of bitumen, although over time the mixture hardens and causes inconvenience only in the hot season.

Existing alternatives to asphalt are currently too expensive and not as practical. Unlike other building materials, asphalt is improved not by developing new materials, but by upgrading old ones.

The widespread introduction of polymer modifiers makes it possible to fundamentally improve the properties of road surfaces and expand the limits of their technological application, which is confirmed by numerous tests of the material.

The main components of this material are crushed stone, ordinary river sand, bituminous resin, as well as polymeric materials for laying on the surface. The last component is not always used, as it is expensive, they are mainly used in the construction of motorways and highways. Despite the fact that all the components can be found in the shed, it will be a little difficult to make a paving in the country. You need to seriously prepare for this process.

We need a container for mixing the “ingredients”, a hearth of fire (can be a fire) for 6-8 hours continuously, about 100 liters of water to cool the suspension, as well as one of the pastes so that everything is kept in a pile. Resin or bitumen (preferably) can play its role. Consider step by step instructions for manufacturing.

Step 1 We prepare the container.

The first step is to make a prototype of a concrete mixer, since it would be irrational to “kill” an expensive and useful item. For our purposes, a metal barrel from oil or diesel fuel, in which a branded product is sold, is suitable. If you don’t have one, you can buy it for a penny (or borrow it free of charge) from any farmer or from the company itself, which pours oil into retail containers. They are often thrown into scrap metal as a waste product. Close the lid, drill holes in the center from the bottom. We thread a metal rod (pipe, corner, square, etc.) and scald with inverter welding so that there is no leak anywhere. We weld an L-shaped twig to one of the edges, it turns out a “spit”.

Step 2 We mix the components.

We pour crushed stone into our “concrete mixer”, add a little sand (2: 1) there, mix everything thoroughly. You can’t pick up wet building materials - they will immediately stick together, and it will be very difficult to pick them off the metal walls.

Step 3 We heat bitumen and polymer additives.

In a separate container (it is best to take a 15-liter bucket), we need to heat the bitumen to a boil, for better elasticity, you can add shampoo to it. It then burns out, but it will be much more convenient to interfere. We also add polymers and plasticizers there.

Step 4 We mix everything together.

You don’t need a lot of imagination here, just take and add boiling bitumen to a preheated barrel with crushed stone and sand. Important: you can’t mix if the barrel and all the components are not warmed up - the bitumen will quickly cool down and it will be unrealistic to stir. For convenience, you can first add 50 liters of water to a barrel and bring to a boil. After that, pour in the bitumen and stir until the water evaporates.

The boiling point of water is 100 degrees, exactly what we need for bitumen to make it fluid and sticky. Remember that you can not overheat this material - it ignites at a temperature of 170 degrees, so watch the water. Just finished - pour it out!

Step 5 We fill in the holes.

The area into which you will pour the asphalt must be thoroughly cleaned, preferably blown out with a compressor. After pouring the hot mixture, you need to take a roller or any other tool (rammer) and compact the material. Be sure to moisten the metal of the tool with water so that it does not stick to the bitumen during tamping.

If you follow the instructions, then making asphalt at home will be safe, fast and even very interesting!

What is cold asphalt and what is its feature

Quite recently, a rather interesting product, polymeric asphalt, came to the territory of Russia. Its peculiarity is that it can be laid absolutely at any temperature. Tests showed excellent viscosity and stickiness even at -20C, which makes it possible to repair roads or make an entrance to the cottage even in winter.

It includes fluid bitumen grade SG or MG 70/130, characterized by increased viscosity. It also contains special plasticizers and modifiers that act similarly to "cold welding". Due to this, it is possible to obtain excellent results even at negative temperatures. The paths will have increased strength and will last much longer than conventional asphalt. The technology has been introduced for more than 5 years in Russia, and now anyone can buy such material.

It makes no sense to look for a method on how to make asphalt with your own hands, since cold technology implies a high-tech manufacturing process under pressure and is not available at home. Its cost is much higher than the usual road surface, so it is rarely used in industry. But each summer resident can buy the right amount to make paths in the garden or a small driveway for a car. You can buy in a regular store. Installation does not require special knowledge: just pour the mixture into the right place and compact it in any convenient way, even with car tires.

How to make new asphalt from old pavement

Another very popular method to improve the site without much capital investment is to use the old pavement as the main raw material for the manufacture of a new one. To do this, we need about 100 kg of old coating, which is thrown away during the repair of the highway, fresh bitumen, 10 kg of resin for elasticity and a concrete hardener. Consider step by step what needs to be done.

we make a concrete mixer with the help of an oil barrel and a twig as described in the first section of the article.

Step 2 We grind the components.

With a hammer it is necessary to break all the large pieces left from the old road. Check that the fraction of all components is fine, up to 40 mm. Add some sand there, mix everything. We begin to heat the barrel with the old asphalt and sand placed in it, pour 60-70 liters of water, bring it to a boil and “cook the soup”.

Step 3 We prepare a solution for addition.

Now it's time to take care of the liquid term. Since the old pavement already contains some bitumen, we will need 50% less bitumen. That is, we take about 10 kg of bitumen and 10 kg of resin for 100 kg of material, heat it to a boil. Then pour it all into a heated barrel with other components, mix thoroughly with a metal rod.

Homemade asphalt from free components is ready. Now it remains to pour it into pre-cleaned pits or onto a site prepared for laying. Such material will serve you for more than one year and will be no worse than "branded".

Hot asphalt and step-by-step instructions for its production

Step 1 Prepare the container.

The first step is to make a prototype of a concrete mixer, since it would be irrational to “kill” an expensive and useful item. For our purposes, a metal barrel from oil or diesel fuel, in which a branded product is sold, is suitable. If you don’t have one, you can buy it for a penny (or borrow it free of charge) from any farmer or from the company itself, which pours oil into retail containers. They are often thrown into scrap metal as a waste product. We close the lid, in the center from the bottom we drill holes with an electric drill. We thread a metal rod (pipe, corner, square, etc.) and scald with inverter welding so that there is no leak anywhere. We weld an L-shaped twig to one of the edges, it turns out a “spit”.

Step 2 Mix the ingredients.

Step 3Heat bitumen and polymer additives.

Step 4 Mix everything together.

The boiling point of water is 100 degrees, exactly what we need for bitumen to make it fluid and sticky. Remember that you can not overheat this material - it ignites at a temperature of 170 degrees, so watch the water. Just finished - pour it out!

Step 5 Fill in the holes.

If you follow the instructions, then making asphalt at home will be safe, fast and even very interesting!

What is cold asphalt and what is its feature

How to make new asphalt from old pavement

we make a concrete mixer using an electric drill, an oil barrel and a twig as described in the first section of the article.

Step 2 Grind the ingredients.

Step 3 Prepare the solution to be added.

grounde.ru

How and from what you can make real asphalt yourself. Technologies and recipes for making high-quality asphalt with your own hands. Asphalt.

It would be more expedient to fill a layer of sand (at least 5 cm) on top of the asphalt, fill it with water and start paving paving slabs.

In order to save money, today they often resort to the restoration of asphalt that has already been in use. Let's take a closer look at how to use old asphalt and what it takes.

The secondary use of asphalt is possible only after regeneration, which is carried out at the plant. But this process is simple and quite allows you to do all the work yourself.

Having carefully tamped the soil in the place of future asphalt laying, we equip a pillow of sand and gravel, water it and re-compact the layer. This completes the preparation of the foundation - now you need to acquire the source material that remains with you after the dismantling of the old coating, or simply buy old asphalt. You will also need a few kilograms of bitumen and physical strength.

In order to melt the old asphalt, we load it into a metal container along with the purchased bitumen and heat it up. To do this, simply place the container over the fire. We constantly stir the composition until it melts to a homogeneous mass, after which we add a little more crushed stone and sand so that the mixture has a crumbly consistency. The recycled asphalt can then be laid on top of the previously formed base. To avoid sticking of the composition to the surface of the stacker, it is possible to treat the sealing surface of the device with old oil mining.

That, in fact, is all you need to know about how to use old asphalt at home.

Recycling of asphalt at the plant, as mentioned above, is carried out by the regeneration method. In this case, while mixing the molten composition of the old asphalt, new mineral fillers and plasticizers are sometimes added to it, in addition to standard bitumen.

Recycling of asphalt to improve the efficiency of recovery plants, it is better to do it after grinding. Also, this method significantly increases the degree of accuracy of the batch recipe. But, in this case, it is necessary to additionally deal with the sticking of asphalt material on the working elements of crushers.

The solution to this problem was thermal crushing in steam plants. In such aggregates during crushing, the material is heated up to 80°C. But this is abroad, and in domestic production, in order to regenerate old asphalt, in the standard version, conventional installations are used to mix such compositions. Also, additional equipment for the storage, transportation and dosage of asphalt concrete mix is used.

crovlya-krisha.blogspot.com

How to make asphalt with your own hands

Asphalt is often used to improve the local area. For the manufacture of asphalt mass, use the advice and instructions of specialists, which are given in this article. They will help to perform all operations with high quality and get a reliable building material for laying the roadway.

Components of the asphalt mass and tools for their preparation

Depending on the technology that will be used to produce the asphalt mix, you will need the following set of raw materials and tools:

natural mountain asphalt;
sand;
bitumen;
crushed stone;
water;
Bulgarian;
drill;
metallic profile;
mixing container.

Hot asphalt production

Careful preparation and study of the process technology will help to establish the production of hot asphalt for the needs of a private household. The composition of the asphalt mass includes bituminous resin, fine gravel, sand and artificial polymers. For their mixing and subsequent heat treatment, a refractory container is used. Fuel is prepared to maintain the required temperature based on 8 hours of burning. 100 liters of water will be needed to cool the mixture.

Method of making hot asphalt:

Choose a working capacity.
We mix dry sand and small gravel.
We heat the bituminous resin and polymers to the state of a fluid mass.
We introduce plasticizers into a heated container with sand and gravel.
Stir until a homogeneous suspension is formed.
We use asphalt paving.

Benefits of cold asphalt

Cold asphalt is a modern building material that is used for quick repair and improvement of roads. The high functionality of the suspension is determined by the SG bitumen. The plasticizer of this brand is characterized by high viscosity and retains plasticity at low temperatures.

The production of cold asphalt is a complex high-tech process, which cannot be recreated in the conditions of subsidiary farming. But, due to the wide distribution of the material in the construction market, summer residents can purchase it ready-made. A mass of cold asphalt is laid on the site and compacted using improvised tools.

Asphalt from the old roadway

Pieces of destroyed pavement can be used as raw materials for the production of asphalt mass. Thanks to this technique, you can easily ennoble the site without the need for large investments.

Pavement reuse technology:

Grind pieces of canvas to a fraction of 0.4 cm in size.
We add sand, water and bring the mixture to a temperature of 100 ° C.
For 100 kg of processed mass, we prepare 10 kg of bitumen and resin, bring to a boil.
Mix everything that's left.

Asphalt from previously used components is a cheap building material for the construction and repair of pedestrian and motor roads. With careful preparation of raw materials and proper laying, the wear resistance of such a coating does not differ from cold or hot asphalt.

postroy-prosto.ru

Do-it-yourself asphalt laying: laying technology

Garden paths should be not only beautiful, but also reliable. There are different materials for their paving, but many of them are expensive. The most economical option, presumably, would be asphalting the tracks.

To understand how to lay asphalt with your own hands, you need to familiarize yourself with the features of this process.

Types of asphalt

Asphalt is allocated according to the method of production:

Natural. It is formed as a result of hypergenesis and oxidation of heavy oil fractions.
Artificial. It is obtained in the factory after mixing mineral powders, crushed stone, sand and bitumen.

Asphalt products are popular, so manufacturers are improving its composition and manufacturing methods. Thanks to this, new varieties of artificial raw materials appear.

Composition and application of hot asphalt

Consists of gravel, mineral powder, viscous bitumen and sand. During production, the components are mixed under the influence of high temperatures, and a homogeneous black mass is obtained.

It must be laid a few minutes after manufacture, since when it cools, the level of adhesion to the surface deteriorates and a poor-quality coating is obtained.

Features of cold asphalt

It differs from other types in that it uses liquid bitumen, and not viscous. In the manufacture of a resinous mass, components are added that slow down the curing of bitumen.

Cast compound pavement

The composition includes the same components as in hot asphalt. However, the cast contains twice as much mineral powder and bitumen. Distinctive features of the coating - a small thickness and relief. Operational characteristics are 2-3 times higher than those of other types.

colored asphalt

It can be attributed to cold and hot asphalt, as it is produced in the same way. The composition includes colored dyes and crushed stone, because of which the resinous mass got its name.

Asphalt crumb

There are two ways to make it: crushing and milling old layers of asphalt. The quality of the crumb depends on the cutter and the composition of the processed mixture.

How to lay asphalt

Advantages and disadvantages of asphalt

The material is actively used to create country paths, since it has many useful qualities:

durability;
tolerance to sudden changes in temperature;
dense coverage;
resistance to deformation;
waterproof.

There are also disadvantages that manifest themselves during the use of asphalt in a summer cottage:

on hot summer days, it evaporates, and harmful substances enter the human body;
the coating is not suitable for decorating the territory, as it does not fit well with garden styles;
if the styling is done incorrectly, then during severe frosts it will begin to quickly collapse.

Preparing for styling

Asphalt laying begins with preparation. It is carried out in several stages.

Planning

First, marking is done and the thickness of the crushed stone cushion with asphalt coating is determined.

It is necessary to understand exactly what thickness will need to be laid

When updating the yard surface, it is enough to pour 10–20 cm of sand and lay a 5–7 cm layer of asphalt. When asphalting the driveway of a private house, a more durable coating is made. The thickness of the crushed stone cushion should not be less than 40 cm. The asphalt should be laid in two layers with a total thickness of 15–20 cm.

earthworks

Before carrying out land works, the territory is checked for the presence of vegetation with large roots, which must be disposed of.

In the place where the asphalt will be laid, the top layer of the earth is removed with a shovel. When carrying out larger-scale work, it will not be possible to cope manually and you will have to use special equipment. Excess soil is removed so that during rains it does not wash up on the road. At the end of the process, the prepared land is compacted with a roller.

Foundation preparation

After completion of land works, crushed stone is poured onto the compacted piece of land in several layers. First you need to pour larger stones, and then put small ones. Each layer of rubble has its own purpose:

a small stone helps to evenly distribute the asphalt layer;
the middle one contributes to the uniform distribution of the load;
large acts as a drainage.

Large crushed stone is necessary in laying asphalt

During the laying of crushed stone for water runoff, a slight slope is made towards the ground or water collectors.

The crushed stone base is compacted with a roller. It should run over the surface about five times. When paving a large yard, it is recommended to use a roller with a mass of about 3-4 tons and a built-in vibration function. This will ensure that the surface is well sealed. Sometimes special equipment cannot reach some places and a vibrating plate is used instead.

Asphalting

After creating a crushed stone base, you can start laying. For this, material of different grain sizes is used. It is difficult to prepare a high-quality resinous mixture at home, so it is better to purchase it. The benefits of using a factory mix include:

saving time in production;
use of quality material.

To lay asphalt in the yard, it is necessary to use fine-grained material. It is laid in one layer 5–7 cm thick.

When creating an access road, the material is placed in several layers. Fine asphalt is laid below, and coarse asphalt is laid on top. The coating is compacted with a roller and filled with bitumen for a better connection of the layers.

Laying on the old coating

To figure out how to properly lay asphalt on an old surface, you need to familiarize yourself with some of the nuances.

The process of preparing the ground changes slightly if the work is carried out on a paved surface. In this case, it is not necessary to carry out land work and it is enough to repair the old coating. It is completely cleaned of debris and dirt, after which the damage on the surface is filled with bitumen, and a new asphalt layer is laid.

Coating repair

Asphalt paths deteriorate over time. The reasons for this may be different:

frozen water in cracks;
surface deformation under the influence of high temperature;
heavy loads on asphalt.

Also, instead of asphalt, you can use a concrete screed or paving slabs.

Laying asphalt with your own hands is not an easy job, which is difficult to cope with without preparation. During asphalting, it is necessary to observe all the technological nuances that affect the strength and durability of the coating.

Rubber asphalt: do-it-yourself laying technology

Rubber crumb coating is suitable for footpaths, sports and playgrounds. The material does not collapse under the influence of precipitation, durable, does not lose its original appearance throughout the entire period of operation. Rubber asphalt is so versatile that it allows you to make an original coating for your home with your own hands.

Material Description

What is rubber asphalt? A special set of elements that allows you to independently prepare a working mixture for further installation of the coating. The basis of the finished mass is a colored rubber crumb, which prevents the ingress of water. Laying is carried out on concrete, wood, asphalt. The mounted platform does not collapse and retains its hardness. The material is used to perform:

Pavement pavements.
Arrangement of stairs, ramps and the area around the house.
Installation of sports grounds.

Rubber asphalt in bags can be purchased at hardware stores. For example, similar products are produced in Naberezhnye Chelny, packaging weighing 8.1 kg. The contents of the package are:

Material consumption - up to 2 m2 with a coating thickness of 5 millimeters. The drying time of the surface is at least 24 hours at a temperature of 20 degrees and a humidity of 65 percent. The material is suitable for making a soft surface for the home.

Characteristic

Liquid rubber asphalt allows you to create a seamless and elastic surface with a roughness that prevents slipping. Material advantages:

The composition does not include dry powder dyes.
It has good wear resistance and moisture resistance.
The surface does not require frequent repairs.
High level of durability.
Installation does not require additional equipment and special skills.
Ready asphalt has an attractive appearance and a different color scheme.
Environmentally safe and does not cause allergies.

The material allows you to implement bold design solutions.

Laying technology

The technology of laying rubber asphalt resembles the installation of self-leveling polymer floors. The following weather conditions are required to perform the work:

The air temperature is not lower than +5 degrees.
Lack of climatic precipitation.

The working mixture is mounted on a prepared base.

The asphalt base is made at least 5 centimeters thick, and the rubber coating is installed after 3 days.

The concrete platform is made up to 10 centimeters thick. If heavy loads are provided, reinforcement is made. Do not forget about the device of unloading seams. Laying of the working mass is possible after 28 days.

The prepared base is primed.

Sequence of work

It is not difficult to make the installation of rubber asphalt with your own hands, the main thing is to follow the sequence and technology. The process consists of the following operations:

Site preparation. Rubber crumb asphalt is mounted on a solid base: concrete, wood, asphalt. The concrete surface must be sanded. For better adhesion, the base should be cleaned of dirt and dust.
Primer coating. Before laying the rubber material, the site is treated with a primer. To do this, the contents of the packaging bag are mixed with turpentine or white spirit in a ratio of 1: 1. The primer is evenly applied to the surface with a roller or brush.
Preparation of the working mixture is carried out in a bag. The contents of the large PU are poured into a mixing bag and mixed thoroughly.
Application of rubber. To do this, you need a grater and a roller. The resulting mixture is evenly distributed over the entire area. Compact the coating by tapping and pressing. The surface must dry for 24 hours.

The result obtained will please the owners of the house for a long time.

betonov.com

How is asphalt made? - Interesting articles

The first pavements appeared during the Hittite Kingdom, Assyria, the Achaemenid Empire and further in the Roman Empire. By order of the emperors and kings, the cities were connected by roads made of polished stone and bricks. This greatly influenced trade, the ability to move their own troops, thereby strengthening the economy and enhancing the security of the country. But with the advent of heavy road transport, stone roads became unusable and gradually collapsed under the influence of wheels. For this reason, stones began to be replaced with a more stable asphalt pavement made from petrochemicals.

As a result, today you can see high-quality sustainable roads that do not need constant maintenance. And every time you step on the road or drive a car, you ask yourself the question: how is asphalt made?

An interesting fact: in ancient Greece and Babylon, oil clots were used as a building material. It was added to the composition of cement to increase the strength and impact resistance of future walls.

What is asphalt made of?

For the production of asphalt, granite or volcanic crushed stone, minerals, bitumen and sand are purchased. After they arrive at the plant, they are loaded into special dryers. In a rotating drum, the operator feeds sand and crushed stone separately on a belt conveyor. At the end of the installation there is a gas or diesel burner that heats the walls of the drum, thereby drying the components of the future asphalt inside. For drying, an electrically heated unit can also be used. Upon completion of the process, crushed stone and sand are sent for cleaning to a drum machine called "Roar".

During cleaning, the components pass through grates and filters, and are filtered out from debris, foreign matter, large and small stones. After processing, they are loaded into the bunker, where they are stored until the next stage. With the help of computer remote control and electric shutters, it is possible to measure the required amount of ingredients for the production of different types of asphalt.

Bitumen preparation

Bitumen is produced at specialized factories, and ready-made is brought to the production of asphalt. It is placed in huge tanks-boilers with electric heating, where it is gradually heated to a temperature of 110 - 120 ° C. Before production, it is transferred to another boiler, where it is melted to a working temperature of 150°C. Bitumen is the result of petrochemical production, therefore, when it is heated, safety precautions are strictly observed. At a temperature of 150 - 160°C, it can ignite and lead to a long-term fire.

asphalt production

The prepared components are fed into special hoppers, from which they are fed by a conveyor belt into the mixing machine. Bitumen, due to its specific properties, is delivered separately by pipeline. Sometimes, to maintain the temperature, the pipeline is equipped with an insulating coating or a heating system.

Cellulosic stabilizing additive is added to some types of asphalt to increase its strength. All toxic vapors are removed by a ventilation system with installed filters for cleaning polluted air. All production control takes place remotely from a computerized control panel.

Interesting fact: the first paved road appeared in the 1830s in England. Then it was first used for the sidewalks of the Royal Bridge in Paris.

All components are mixed while rotating in a heated drum. Under the influence of rotational movements and high temperature, the asphalt is fully mixed until the required properties and consistency are obtained.

Completion of production

The finished product enters the container, where a small part of it is taken for test control. The samples are tested for strength under the pressure of the press and inspect its composition. After passing the Quality Control Department, hot asphalt is sent to the construction of roads by special trucks.

Ready-made asphalt will please everyone who drives a car or walks on it. Its hard and shock-absorbing surface will keep more than one pair of legs and wheels intact.

Asphalt crumb consists of crushed materials. Often the material is used in various areas related to the road sector. It has received the greatest distribution in modern times, thanks to the advancement of technology, namely after the introduction of a special unit that is able to remove layers of multi-year coating without damaging the base of the “cushion”. In this article, we will describe in detail how to lay asphalt chips with our own hands.

The composition of the asphalt crumb includes bitumen and recycled building rubble. Depending on the classification, the fraction does not exceed a few cm. Also, there is a multi-raw crumb formed from the composition of crushed stone, sand, bitumen, and concrete. Experience shows that it is the multi-raw crumb that behaves most optimally in our conditions.

The crumb goes through a certain preparatory cycle before it turns into a finished product. The cycle consists of several stages at once:

removal of the old coating;
export to the factory;
splitting up;
sorting and shipping.

Where is this material used?

The use of asphalt crumb can be found in many areas. It mostly occurs in:

Construction of roads, highways;
Erection of small sites near country houses;
When sprinkling stadiums and playing areas in parks and outdoor entertainment centers.

As you can see, it can be used in many areas, it is not uncommon for crumbs to be found in the forests of parks, where bicycles and footpaths are strewn. During the construction of new highways, ramps and roadsides are reinforced with asphalt chips, protecting the new canvas from deformation and vibrations. An interesting feature of recent years is that many construction companies use crumbs to dump the top layer of the base before laying the final floor. This serves as additional insulation from the damp foundation.

Today, crumb has become popular among summer residents because of its relatively low cost. Modern village roads are being built from crumbs. Indeed, in comparison with crushed stone or concrete roads similar in use, it has significant differences:

Possesses high resistance to moisture and various weather conditions;
durable;
Not washed away by floods;
Significantly lower cost, given the low cost of production.

Asphalt laying technology

In the construction of roads, this technology began to be used relatively recently, but in a short time it fully confirmed its advantage. As mentioned above, asphalt crumb is a secondary product, more precisely, a consequence of the multilayer removal of the old pavement, followed by crushing. Despite the low cost of production, the material stands out for its weighty strength and can be processed.

One of the main advantages of such a material, many call the possibility of dense filling of all voids and cracks in the coating. Even with time and gradual tamping with the help of cars, such a coating only becomes stronger and stronger. Due to the dense laying, the road is practically not subject to erosion.

Working with such material is incredibly simple, the main thing is to know the main cycle and laying technology, which includes several successive steps:

The first thing to do is to clear the masonry area with the highest quality, and then lay the so-called “pillow”. In each case, it may differ depending on the specification of the future road. For example, you can use crushed stone, concrete or brick breakage. In some cases, it is justified to lay several layers of the listed materials.
After that, the surface must be carefully leveled, using special road equipment for this.
Next, pour out the material of the future coating itself and level it over the entire plane.
The last stage includes compaction with rollers. After all the above steps, the road is ready for use.

Note: here it should be noted that for such coatings it is not recommended to use rollers weighing more than 10 tons. And if you pre-fill the canvas with bitumen, you can achieve better strength and impermeability of the coating.

Considering the main advantage of such material as low cost, more and more people fill the roads in their areas from crumbs. In addition, it is gradually replacing classic materials, such as paving slabs and paving stones, used to equip playgrounds and park areas.

With self-laying by hand, it is necessary to similarly maintain the technology and stages of work in order to achieve a positive result.

Note: pay special attention to the laying of communications. Consider the fact that sooner or later you will have to change pipes and the like, which will accordingly lead to the destruction of the web.

When we determined the size of the site, we order about 10-12 tons of asphalt chips per 100 square meters. Consider the amount of work. If the area is really large, it is better to rent a small ice rink. As a rule, the plant selling the material will gladly give its equipment for use, naturally for an additional fee.

When the material is ordered, you can begin to prepare the site, namely the removal of the top layer of soil. Keep in mind that you will have to remove at least 20 cm. As a result, a characteristic trench is formed. If desired, a layer of geotextile can be put on the bottom, it will avoid subsidence of the soil.

An embankment (pillow) of crushed stone and sand is laid on top of the geotextile or earth. Each layer is at least 3-5 cm. In principle, if high pressure is not planned for the site, these materials can be dispensed with.

Note: the volume of soil is large, so take care of the removal of the earth in advance.

After all the preparatory work, you can safely proceed to dumping the crumbs, you need to do this consistently. For convenience, you should get a couple of assistants, because it will be difficult to cope with such a volume of work alone. The crumb is poured out in small "batches" to avoid the formation of voids. If the area is large, it is better to use a skating rink. There is nothing complicated in managing it, but at the same time you will save a lot of time and effort. To achieve the strength of the coating, you must first apply a bituminous emulsion. Thanks to bitumen, it will only be stronger, and will also become resistant to temperature changes during the cold period.

The laying technology on roadsides and exits is identical and is carried out according to the same scheme. The material is considered the best alternative for crushed stone and sand, but for comparison with the classic coating, it lacks strength, after all, the crumb is loose in structure.

Important Points

Working with asphalt chips is simple, but you need to know certain points. Asphalt crumb must necessarily be placed in several layers - this is a mandatory requirement for major roads. The first layer of at least 7 cm should sink well after tamping. After that, the second “cake” is only poured, also at least 7 cm. If the material is placed in parks or in local areas, such as entrances to a house or garage, then it is permissible to use one layer, but not less than 10 cm.

If you are tired of kneading mud and stumbling over various bumps, a reasonable solution is to asphalt the courtyard of a private house. This will allow comfortable walking around the suburban area in any weather, without puddles and dirt, will give it a well-groomed and complete overall appearance, ensured, with proper asphalt laying, for many years with timely repairs and proper care.

The main advantages and disadvantages of asphalt pavements

Key pluses:

the optimal ratio of price and quality, due to the low cost of the materials used;
simple technology for laying asphalt, allowing independent work;
the speed of covering even large areas in comparison with the installation of concrete or prefabricated paving slab constructs. Laying is done in a few hours;
ease of repair of damaged fragments
when framing areas, paths, flower beds with small borders, a beautiful and aesthetic view of the yards is obtained;
waterproof coating
sufficient strength, reliability and durability with proper execution;
asphalting in the country will not allow weeds to grow through the coating;
the possibility of using specialized technical means;
ease of maintenance, in summer it is enough to sweep away debris with a broom and rinse the surface with a regular garden hose, and in winter it is convenient to remove snow on a flat surface.

Available cons:

characteristic odors emanating from the asphalt in the heat, especially in the first time after asphalting the site, which is due to the presence of bituminous components that exude unpleasant odors when heated with the creation of a certain discomfort;
courtyard areas are mainly compacted with hand rollers, which does not provide high strength of the upper layers. As a result, asphalt heated by the sun's rays can deform under the weight of heavy vehicles;
the difficulty if it is necessary to deliver small volumes of asphalt mix to the site for fragmentary repairs. Most suppliers may refuse to do so due to lack of profitability;
the inability to compete in the beauty of appearance with expensive coatings.

Composition and varieties of asphalt concrete

Asphalt concretes are artificial materials obtained by rational selection of the components of the mixture with its compaction after laying. Depending on the incoming components, the ratio of their mass parts and physical characteristics, there are many types of asphalt, divided into grades and types.

The composition of any asphalt concrete includes:

mineral powders obtained by crushing rocks with a high content of carbon compounds (limestone or other fossilized organic deposits). A high content of such powders gives the material increased toughness combined with strength. The property of such mixtures to dampen the internal vibrations of structures without the formation of cracks in the coating makes it possible to arrange road access on automobile bridges. Successfully used for asphalting roads and sites
bitumen contained in most types in small quantities (from 4 to 5%). An exception is cast mixtures containing ≥ 10% bitumen. Bitumen gives the mixture an increase in fluidity, facilitating its distribution over the coating area, and elasticity after compaction and hardening. The main application of cast asphalts is the asphalting of areas with difficult terrain and the repair of road surfaces. The increased content of bitumen is used for asphalt laid in harsh climatic zones, at negative temperatures and the need to open traffic immediately after the delivery of a road section or bridge crossing;
sand is used in most types of asphalt concrete, the only exception is mixtures with a high content of gravel. Natural sands are thoroughly cleaned, while artificial sands, obtained by crushing rocks, are immediately ready for use;
crushed stone or gravel, which plays the role of a protective component that forms the framework of asphalt concrete for the perception of significant loads.

A - from 50 to 60% crushed stone;
B - 40 ... 50% crushed stone or gravel;
B - gravel or crushed stone from 30 to 40%;
G - sand or screenings from crushing ≤ 30%;
D - the content of natural or artificial sands up to 70%.

Depending on the largest sizes of mineral grains in the mixture, they are divided into the following classes:

coarse-grained first class - ≤ 40 mm. It is used for asphalting highways with heavy traffic of heavy vehicles and other highways of different classes;
the second class - with fine grains ≤ 20 mm. Fits on pedestrian streets and squares;
the third is sand mixtures with grains ≤ 10 mm. Small fractions of grains are in close contact, which allows you to arrange perfectly flat surfaces. The main purpose is pedestrian sidewalks, garden paths, landscaping of courtyards and sports grounds.

According to the percentage of the listed components, GOST 9128-2009 subdivides asphalt mixtures into three grades with a detailed description of the required compositions, technical characteristics and areas of use. There are also recommendations for adding various additional additives to improve the hydrophobicity, frost resistance, wear resistance and flexibility of coatings.

The second brand finds the widest application in asphalting roads, their repair and arrangement of private yards with the device of transport entrances.

Depending on the laying temperature, asphalt mixtures are divided into 2 types:

Hot, stacked with a temperature of ≥ 110 degrees. The hot mixture is transported by special vehicles called coher, or in dump trucks with a heated body. If necessary, preparation for asphalting is carried out with softening of the base under the influence of high temperatures. After leveling, the mixture is rolled with rollers. The resulting durable coating is most widely used in road works and landscaping of urban and suburban areas;
Cold, which fit with temperatures ≥ 5 degrees. When preparing, bitumen with a reduced viscosity is used, which allows the mixture to remain in a loose state for a longer time, and after rolling it solidifies faster. Most often, such asphalt concrete is used for patching, laying on sidewalks and yard driveways, which are not subject to intense loads.

Any high-quality asphalt concrete can be made only from certified materials, therefore, when ordering, it is necessary to require quality certificates and a passport for asphalt concrete.

Stages of asphalting

The phased order of execution includes the following work:

On a sheet of graph paper, a diagram of the location of the house, outbuildings, paths to them, a platform around the house and a passage for a car are drawn on a scale. The roots of growing trees can deform the pavement, so it is desirable that the trees be located at a distance of ≥ 2 m from the intended contours.
Estimating the need for materials. It is recommended to cover the entire area with geotextile with an overlap on the walls and cover it with a layer of sand 10 cm thick, rubble on the tracks will be needed 5 cm thick, 15 cm on the platform, and 25 cm directly on the passage, the number of enclosing elements is calculated by the length of the contours, to be asphalted. Asphalt will be required in the amount of 1 ton per 10 m 2 with a layer thickness of 5 cm, it is recommended to lay asphalt in two layers on driveways (5 plus 3 cm). An order is made for hot fine-grained mixtures, sandy, but also hot, can be laid on the paths.
Prepare the following tools:
- a shovel for each worker;
- durable cord;
- mop-slider from a board meter wide with a handle 2.5 m long;
- manual tamper, which is a piece of timber or a round log with a metal square plate fixed at the base (side 20 cm) and a handle nailed on top in the form of a longitudinal wooden plank;
- hand roller weighing ≥ 100 kg.
For periodic lubrication of the tool, in order to avoid hot asphalt concrete sticking to it, a small amount of diesel fuel is required.
Transferring the outlined contours to the terrain with fixing with wooden pegs.
Development of the soil to the depth of the listed layers with the cleaning of the roots of weeds, shrubs and trees. The asphalt pavement should be on the same level with the surrounding surface of the earth or rise up to 5 cm (it all depends on the terrain and your desire). Base seal.
Installation of curbs at the same level with future asphalt concrete or 2 ... 3 cm higher. First, curbs are installed along the edges of the track or platform, aligned in height, a cord is pulled along which intermediate elements are laid out. Borders are fixed using cement mortar and filling with compacted soil.
Backfilling of sand, for effective compaction, wetting of the sand cushion with water, laying of geotextiles to reduce the crushing of crushed stone into the sand.
Laying crushed stone with careful rolling with a roller. Larger fractions are laid down, and from above, the wedging is performed by smaller fractions. Compacted crushed stone is spilled with bituminous mastic.
The delivered asphalt is unloaded in separate piles. So that it does not cool down, the layout must be done quickly with the involvement of several assistants. Leveling is carried out using a mop-engine. One person starts rolling the surface with a manual roller, to achieve a greater effect, a person with a solid build can stand on the rink. With the provided transverse slopes, rolling is carried out by moving from the bottom up. The movement of the roller should be smooth, without jerks. It is important to observe the same number of passes in all lanes. The roller must not be stopped on unfrozen areas, in order to avoid sticking to the surface. In hard-to-reach places, asphalt is compacted with manual rammers. We must not forget about the need for periodic wetting of tools with diesel fuel. If possible, it is recommended to compact most of the surface with large rollers or vibrating plates available from specialized organizations. This will significantly increase the strength and quality of the laid coating.
In the end, you can paint the entire asphalted area with special paints for asphalt to obtain the desired shades.