Ozhegov Russian. Linguist Sergey Ozhegov: biography, photo. Ozhegov about the Russian language

Plan:

1 Biography
2 Bibliography
3 Electronic versions of dictionaries

Introduction

Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov(1900-1964) - linguist, lexicographer, doctor of philological sciences, professor.

1. Biography

Photograph of the house in the town of Kuvshinovo, where he was born in September 1900 Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov. On the right side of the house is a memorial plaque in honor of Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov. On the left - a memorial plaque in honor of Alexei Maksimovich Gorky, who lived in this house with his friend N. Z. Vasiliev from October 1897 to mid-January 1898

Sergei Ozhegov was born on September 22 (9), 1900 in the village of Kamennoye (now the city of Kuvshinovo) in the Tver province in the family of Ivan Ivanovich Ozhegov, an engineer-technologist of the Kamenskaya paper and cardboard factory. Sergei Ivanovich was the eldest of three brothers. On the eve of the First World War, the family moved to Petrograd, where Sergei graduated from high school. Then he entered the philological faculty of Leningrad University, but the classes were soon interrupted - Ozhegov was called to the front. He participated in the battles in the west of Russia, in Ukraine. In 1922, Ozhegov graduated from military service at the headquarters of the Kharkov Military District and immediately began studying at the Faculty of Linguistics and Material Culture of Leningrad University. In 1926, university professors Viktor Vinogradov and Lev Shcherba recommended him for postgraduate study at the Institute for the Comparative History of Literature and Languages of the West and East.

In 1936 Ozhegov moved to Moscow. Since 1937 he taught at Moscow universities (MIFLI, MGPI). Since 1939, Ozhegov has been a researcher at the Institute of Language and Writing, the Institute of the Russian Language, and the Institute of Linguistics of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

During the Second World War, Ozhegov did not evacuate the capital, but remained to teach.

Founder and first head of the Speech Culture Sector of the Russian Language Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences (since 1952).

One of the compilers of the Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language, edited by D. N. Ushakov (1935-1940). The author of one of the most famous and popular Russian dictionaries - the one-volume Dictionary of the Russian Language (1949, reprinted several times with corrections and updates, since 1992 - with the participation of N. Yu. Shvedova); Ozhegov's dictionary captures modern common vocabulary, demonstrates the compatibility of words and typical phraseological units. The glossary of Ozhegov's dictionary formed the basis of many translation dictionaries.

The main works are devoted to Russian lexicology and lexicography, the history of the Russian literary language, sociolinguistics, the culture of Russian speech, the language of individual writers (P. A. Plavilshchikov, I. A. Krylov, A. N. Ostrovsky) and others.

Editor of the Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language (1956, 5th edition, 1963), reference dictionaries Russian Literary Pronunciation and Stress (1955), Correctness of Russian Speech (1962). Founder and editor-in-chief of the collections "Questions of the culture of speech" (1955-1965).

On the initiative of Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov, in 1958, the Russian Language Reference Service was created at the Institute of the Russian Language, responding to requests from organizations and individuals regarding the correctness of Russian speech.

Ozhegov was a member of the Moscow Council Commission on the naming of institutions and streets of Moscow, the Subject Commission on the Russian Language of the Ministry of Education of the RSFSR, deputy chairman of the Commission of the Academy of Sciences on streamlining the spelling and pronunciation of foreign proper and geographical names, scientific consultant of the All-Russian Theater Society, State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company; member of the Spelling Commission of the Academy of Sciences, which prepared the "Rules of Russian Spelling and Punctuation".

Sergey Ivanovich Ozhegov died in Moscow on December 15, 1964. The urn with his ashes rests in the wall of the necropolis of the Novodevichy cemetery.

2. Bibliography

Ozhegov Sergey I. Dictionary of the Russian language / Ch. ed. S. P. Obnorsky. 50,000 words. M.: State. ed. foreign and national dictionaries, 1949. XVIII, 968 p. Comp. dictionary was attended by prof. G. O. Vinokur and V. A. Petrosyan.
2nd 52,000 words. 1952. 843 s
3rd 1953. 848 s
4th 53,000 words. 1960. 900 s
6th 1964. 900 s
7th Moscow: Sov. ents., 1968. 900 s 150,000 copies.
8th 1970. 900 with 150,000 copies.
9th Ok. 57,000 words Ed. N. Yu. Shvedova. 1972. 847 with 120,000 copies.
10th 1973. 846 s
11th 1975. 847 with 75,000 copies.
12th 1978. 846 s
13th ed., rev. M.: Rus. yaz., 1981. 816 with 123,000 copies.
14th ster. 1982. 816 with 105,000 copies. 1983. 816 with 115,000 copies.
15th sr. 1984. 816 with 160,000 copies.
16th rev. 1984. 797 with 120,000 copies.
17th ster. 1985. 797 with 195,000 copies.
18th ster. 1986. 795 with 300,000 copies.
18th ster. 1987. 795 with 220,000 copies.
19th rev. 1987. 748 with 225,000 copies.
20th ster. 57000 words. 1988. 748 with 480,000 copies.
21st revision and additional 70000 words. M.: Rus. yaz., 1989. 921 p.
22nd sr. 1990. 921 with 200,000 copies.
23rd rev. 1990. 915 with 100,000 copies. OK. 57000 sl. Yekaterinburg: "Ural-Soviet" ("News"), 1994. 796c. About 53,000 words. 4th ed., rev. and additional M., 1997. 763 p.
Ozhegov Sergey Ivanovich, Shvedova Natalia Yulievna. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language: 72500 words and 7500 phraseological expressions / Ros. AN, Institute of Rus. lang., Ros. cultural fund. Moscow: Az, 1992. 955 with 100,000 copies. 1993. 955 s
2nd rev. and additional 1994. 908 with 100,000 copies.
2nd rev. and additional 1995. 908 s
3rd stereotype. 1995. 928 with 100,000 copies. 80,000 words and phrases. expressions.
4th ed. M.: Azbukovnik, 1997. 943 p.

3. Electronic versions of dictionaries

Explanatory Dictionary of S. I. Ozhegov, 1991 (online version)
Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary online
One-volume explanatory dictionary of the Russian language (contains 80,000 words and phraseological expressions (counting heading words, derivative words) placed in a derivational nest, and phraseological expressions and idioms)
Ozhegov S. I. Dictionary of the Russian language
Dictionary. S. .I. Ozhegov, N. Yu. Shvedova. (online version)
"Explanatory Dictionary of Ozhegov"
Ozhegov's dictionary with convenient search.
"Explanatory Dictionary of Ozhegov S. I." (online version)
S.I. Ozhegov, N. Yu. Shvedova. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language.

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This abstract is based on an article from the Russian Wikipedia. Synchronization completed on 07/10/11 01:50:59
Similar abstracts: Sai Sergey Ivanovich , Alyapkin Sergey Ivanovich , Aksenenko Sergey Ivanovich , Odintsov Sergey Ivanovich ,

S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language

Ah, union. 1. Connects sentences or members of a sentence, expressing opposition, comparison. He went and I stayed. Write with a pen, not a pencil. Handsome, not smart. 2. Attaches sentences or members of a sentence with the meaning of adding something. with a consistent presentation, with the meaning of explanation, objection, amplification, transition to another thought. There is a house on the mountain, and a stream under the mountain. It would be a swamp, but there are devils (last). What you. are you doing today? and tomorrow? It's not his fault. - And who is to blame, if not him? 3. Use. at the beginning of interrogative and exclamatory sentences, as well as at the beginning of speech to enhance expressiveness, persuasiveness (often in combination with pronouns, adverbs, other unions). And how we will have fun! And yet I do not agree. * And also (and), union - expresses attachment, amplifying or comparative addition. Skillful driver, as well as a locksmith. Acts in films as well as on television. And then - 1) union, otherwise, otherwise. Hurry, or you'll be late; 2) in reality, but in reality. If it were so, otherwise the opposite is true; And then! (but how!) (simple) - expresses in response: 1) confident agreement, confirmation. Frozen? - And then! Frost in the yard; 2) ironic disagreement, denial: Will he go? -And then! Wait! And not that, the union is the same as that (in 1 value). And even, the union - attaches a message about something. unwanted or unexpected. Screaming, and then beat.

A2, particle (colloquial). 1. Indicates a question or response to someone. the words. Let's go for a walk, shall we? Why don't you answer? - BUT? What? 2. Strengthens circulation. Vanya, Vanya! 3. [pronounced with varying degrees of duration]. Expresses clarification, satisfied understanding. Ah, so it was you! Why didn't you call? - The phone didn't work! - Ah! Ah, so wat what's the matter!

A3 [pronounced with varying degrees of duration], int. Expresses annoyance, bitterness, as well as surprise, gloating and other similar feelings. What have I done? - Ah! Ah, got it!

Ah... an attachment. Forms nouns and adjectives with meaning. absence (in words with a foreign root), the same as "not", for example. asymmetry, illogical, immoral, arrhythmic, asynchronous.

Lampshade, -a, m. A cap for a lamp, a lamp. Green a. 11 app. lampshade, th, th.

ABAZINSKY, th, th. 1. see Abaza. 2. Relating to the Abaza, to their language, national character, lifestyle, culture, as well as to the territory of their residence, its internal structure, history; such as the Abaza. A. language (Abkhaz-Adyghe group of Caucasian languages). In Abaza (adv.).

ABAZINS, -in, units. -inets, -ntsa, m. The people living in Karachay-Cherkessia and in Adygea. II well. abaza, -i. II adj, Abaza, -th, -th.

ABBAT, -a, m. 1. Rector of a male Catholic monastery. 2. Catholic clergyman. II adj. abbey, th, th.

ABBATIS, -y, f. Mother Superior of a female Catholic monastery.

ABBEY, -a, cf. Catholic monastery.

ABBREVIATION, -s, f. In word formation: a noun formed from truncated segments of words (for example, executive committee, Komsomol), from the same segments in combination with a whole word (for example, maternity hospital, spare parts), as well as from the initial sounds of words or the names of their initial letters (for example ., university, automatic telephone exchange, Moscow Art Theater, computer, hard currency), a compound word. II adj. abbreviation, -th, -th.

ABERRATION, -i, f. (specialist.). Deviation from something, as well as distortion of something. A. light rays. A. optical systems (image distortion). A. ideas (trans.). II adj. aberrational, th, th.

PARAGRAPH, -a, m. 1. Red line, indent at the beginning of the line. Start writing with a paragraph. 2. Text between two such indents. Read the first a.

ABYSSINIAN, th, th. 1. see Abyssinians. 2. Relating to the Abyssinians, to their language, national character, way of life, culture, as well as to Abyssinia (the former name of Ethiopia), its territory, internal structure, history; such as the Abyssinians in Abyssinia. Abyssinian (adv.).

ABISSINIANS, -ev, vd. -net, -ntsa, m. The former name of the population of Ethiopia (Abyssinia), Ethiopians. II well. Abyssinian, -i. II adj. Abyssinian, th, th.

APPLICANT, -a, m. 1. High school graduate (obsolete). 2. A person entering a higher or special educational institution. II well. entrant, and II adj. entrant, th, th.

SUBSCRIPTION, -a, m. A document granting the right to use something, something. service, as well as the right itself. A. to the theatre. A. for a series of lectures. Interlibrary a. II adj. subscription, th, th.

SUBSCRIBER, -a, m. A person using a subscription, having the right to use something. by subscription. A. libraries. A. telephone network (person or institution that has a telephone). II well. subscriber, -i (colloquial). II adj. subscriber, -th, -th.

SUBSCRIBE, -ruyu, -ruesh; -any; owls. and nesov., that. Get (-chat) by subscription, become (be) a subscriber of something. A. I lie down in the theater.

BOARDING, -a, m. In the era of the rowing and sailing fleet: an attack on an enemy ship during close approach to it for hand-to-hand combat. Take on a. (also trans.). II adj. boarding, th, th.

ABORIGEN, -a, m. (book). Indigenous inhabitant of the country, locality. II well. aborigine, -i (colloquial).

NATIVE, th, th. Relating to the natives, to their life, to the places of their original habitat; like the aborigines.

ABORTION, -a, m. Premature termination of pregnancy, spontaneous or artificial, miscarriage.

ABORTIVE, -th, -th (spec.). 1. Suspending or dramatically changing the development, course of the disease. A. method. Abortive remedies. 2. Underdeveloped. Abortive organs of plants. II n. abortion, and (to 2 values).

ABRASIVE, -a, m. (special). Solid fine-grained or powdery substance (flint, emery, corundum, carborundum, pumice, garnet) used for grinding, polishing, sharpening. II adj. abrasive, th, th. abrasive materials. A. tool (grinding, polishing).

ABRACADABRA, -s, f. A meaningless, incomprehensible set of words [originally: a mysterious Persian word that served as a saving magic spell].

ABREK, -a, m. During the annexation of the Caucasus to Russia: a mountaineer who participated in the struggle against the tsarist troops and administration.

APRICOT, -a, genus pl. -ov, m. Southern fruit tree rosaceous, giving juicy sweet fruits with a large stone, as well as its fruit. II adj. apricot, th, th apricot, oh, th.

APRICOT, th, th. 1. see apricot. 2. Yellow-red, the color of a ripe apricot.

ABRIS, -a, m. (book). The outline of the object, the contour. II adj. outline, th, th.

ABSENTHEISM [sente], -a, m. (book). Evasion of voters from participating in elections to state bodies. II adj. ab-senteist, th, th.

ABSOLUTE, -a, m. (book). 1. In philosophy: the eternal, unchanging fundamental principle of everything that exists (spirit, idea, deity). 2. Something self-sufficient, independent of any. conditions and relationships. Raise something. in a.

ABSOLUTISM, -a, m. The form of government, under which the supreme power entirely belongs to the autocratic monarch, an unlimited monarchy. adj. absolutist, th, th.

ABSOLUTE, -th, -th; -ten, -tna. 1. full f. Unconditional, independent of anything, taken beyond comparison with something. The absolute value of a real number (in mathematics: the number itself, taken without a + or - sign). A. zero (temperature at -273.15 ° C). A. champion (athlete - winner in the all-around, in some other types of competitions). 2. Perfect, complete. A. peace. He is absolutely (adv.) right. Absolute majority (overwhelming majority). Absolute monarchy (autocracy). A. hearing (hearing, accurately determining the height of any tone). II n. absoluteness, -i, f. (to 2 values).

ABSTRACT, -ruyu, -ruesh; -a-ny; owls. and nonsov., that (book). Produce (-lead) an abstraction (in 1 meaning) of something.

Ozhegov Sergey Ivanovich (1900-1964) - linguist, lexicographer, doctor of philological sciences, professor.

Sergey Ozhegov was born on September 22 (9), 1900 in the village of Kamennoye (now the city of Kuvshinovo) in the Tver province in the family of Ivan Ivanovich Ozhegov, an engineer-technologist of the Kamenskaya paper and cardboard factory. Sergei Ivanovich was the eldest of three brothers. On the eve of the First World War, the family moved to Petrograd, where Sergei graduated from high school. Then he entered the philological faculty of Leningrad University, but the classes were soon interrupted - Ozhegov was called to the front. He participated in the battles in the west of Russia, in Ukraine. In 1922, Ozhegov graduated from military service at the headquarters of the Kharkov Military District and immediately began studying at the Faculty of Linguistics and Material Culture of Leningrad University. In 1926, university professors Viktor Vinogradov and Lev Shcherba recommended him for postgraduate study at the Institute for the Comparative History of Literature and Languages of the West and East.

A man is a creature opposite in sex to a woman.

Ozhegov Sergey Ivanovich

During the Second World War, Ozhegov did not evacuate the capital, but remained to teach.

Founder and first head of the Speech Culture Sector of the Russian Language Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences (since 1952).

One of the compilers of the Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language, edited by D. N. Ushakov (1935-1940). The author of one of the most famous and popular Russian dictionaries, the one-volume Dictionary of the Russian Language (1949, reprinted several times with corrections and updates, since 1992 with the participation of N. Yu. Shvedova); Ozhegov's dictionary captures modern common vocabulary, demonstrates the compatibility of words and typical phraseological units. The glossary of Ozhegov's dictionary formed the basis of many translation dictionaries.

Editor of the Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language (1956, 5th edition, 1963), reference dictionaries Russian Literary Pronunciation and Stress (1955), Correctness of Russian Speech (1962). Founder and chief editor of the collections "Questions of the culture of speech" (1955-1965).

In 1964, a new stereotyped edition of my one-volume Dictionary of the Russian Language was published. Now the Spelling Commission, formed at the Department of Literature and Language of the USSR Academy of Sciences, is working, considering the issues of simplifying and improving Russian spelling. In the near future, apparently, this work will end with the creation of a draft of new spelling rules. In this regard, I find it inappropriate to further publish the Dictionary in a stereotypical way (hereinafter, italics are ours. - O.N.). I consider it necessary to prepare a new revised edition. In addition, and this is the main thing, I propose to make a number of improvements to the Dictionary, to include new vocabulary that has entered the Russian language in recent years, to expand the phraseology, to revise the definitions of words that have received new shades of meaning ... to strengthen the normative side of the Dictionary .

We have a rich language that is so powerful and flexible that it can put literally anything into words. In its grandeur, it is not inferior to any language in the world. It is constantly being improved, at the same time having a rich foundation and linguistic traditions. It is valuable and self-sufficient, is the history of the people, reflects the culture. The language must be protected and studied, this should become a necessity for every Russian person. The greatness and richness of the language is reflected in books, especially those relating to classical literature, or in dictionaries and reference books that reflect the norms. And of course, we must know and remember those great scientists who laid the foundation of our native language.

Linguistics

Linguistics is the study of language. She considers the main function of the language as a means of communication, its historical development and patterns. Linguistics explores language theory: what is the system of language, what is the nature of grammatical categories, etc.

Science observes the facts of speech, perceives native speakers, linguistic phenomena, linguistic material.

Linguistics is closely connected with other sciences: history, archeology, ethnography, psychology, philosophy. This is because language accompanies us everywhere, in all areas of life.

In any science, key personalities stand out. Speaking about linguistics, we can name such names: Victor Vinogradov, Baudouin de Courtenay, Lev Shcherba and many others. And let's also name our Russian scholar Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov, to whom this article will be devoted.

Renowned linguist

Sergey Ozhegov, who graduated from the gymnasium in the Tver province, then the philological faculty of Leningrad University, participated in the battles on the territory of the Ukrainian Fleet during the Civil War, completed postgraduate studies, taught at many Moscow universities, today is better known as the author-compiler of the dictionary, which we also use this day. Collection of Russian words S.I. Ozhegov is the result of the colossal work of the scientist. All modern commonly used vocabulary is collected here, cases of word compatibility and the most common phraseological units are shown. This work was the basis of many translated collections of Russian words.

Ozhegov about language

Sergei Ozhegov spoke a lot about the simplification of Russian spelling. The author's quotations also contained his suggestions for improving the stereotyped 1964 edition of the dictionary. Ozhegov said that new words that had recently appeared in the Russian language should be included in the collection. It is also necessary to reconsider and rethink the concepts of some new words. And of course, you need to pay attention to the norms of the use and pronunciation of the Russian language.

Another statement by S.I. Ozhegov about language concerns the accuracy of word usage. The scientist spoke about the high culture of speech, which consists in the ability to find an intelligible, appropriate word to express one's thoughts.

The dictionary of this Russian linguist has become a popular reference publication. Sergei Ozhegov himself joked about this. His quotes indicate the need for this collection: the number of published books of the dictionary is not inferior to the number of published works of the classics of Marxism-Leninism.

Life and art

The surname of the famous linguist has Siberian roots. It is based on the word "burn", they called a stick to check the readiness of molten metal for pouring.

Ozhegov Sergei Ivanovich, speaking about his biography, always mentioned the fact that their surname comes from the Demidov serfs. In the family of his grandfather, who worked for more than fifty years at the Yekaterinburg smelter, there were fourteen children, and all subsequently had a higher education.

Sergei Ozhegov was born into the family of a mining engineer and a midwife at a factory hospital at the end of September 1900. His small homeland is the village of Kamennoye in the past of the Tver province.

The craving for knowledge inherent in their surname manifested itself in the fact that, having entered a higher educational institution, Sergey Ivanovich Ozhegov was forced to quit his studies and go to the front. But, having returned from the front, in the 20s he nevertheless graduated from Leningrad University. His teachers were well-known linguists of that time and L.V. Shcherba. Sergei Ozhegov immediately entered the circle of Leningrad scientists, then met his Moscow colleagues and gained fame there.

Since 1952, S.I. Ozhegov was the head of the verbal department at the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. reflected in the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language", the editor-in-chief of which was D.N. Ushakov. The development team included Ozhegov. Also Ozhegov's merit is the authorship of the Dictionary of the Russian Language.

Friendship with famous linguists

At that time, linguists V.V. Vinogradov and D.I. Ushakov. They are joined by Ozhegov Sergey Ivanovich, a linguist whose career is developing successfully here, since he is part of a group working on a four-volume edition of D.I. Ushakov.

More than thirty percent of the dictionary entries in this collection belong to S.I. Ozhegov. Also at this time there is an active collection of materials for the "Dictionary for the plays of A.N. Ostrovsky".

In addition, the young linguist is friends with the famous scientist A. Reformatsky, who later became the author of a classic textbook on linguistics.

Ozhegov's main work

Working on material for the collection of D.I. Ozhegov got excited about the idea of creating a dictionary for wide use. Work on this collection began before the war with the Nazis. Ozhegov believed in the strength of the Red Army, which would not allow the Germans into Moscow, so he remained in the city. He gave all this difficult wartime to his offspring. Moscow linguists G. Vinokur and V. Petrosyan were co-authors in the work on the dictionary. But gradually they moved away from work, and S.I. Ozhegov almost alone did all the work.

Sergei Ozhegov continued to work to the last. The dictionary of the Russian language was constantly refined by him, its construction was improved. The author accepted language as a constantly changing living phenomenon. He enjoyed watching the changes taking place in the language.

There are a number of well-known facts that will complement the knowledge about S.I. Ozhegov and his dictionary:

many mispronounced the linguist's last name, emphasizing the second syllable;
censorship initially did not pass the word "mistress", seeing in it a depraved meaning;
censorship and church vocabulary, such words as "nalay", "iconostasis" did not suit;
the word "Leningrader" during the reprint of the dictionary was introduced artificially so that the words "lother" and "Leninist" did not appear next to each other;
the interpretation of the word "rape" in Ozhegov's dictionary helped one guy get out of prison, since his actions did not fall under rape;
there are six editions of Ozhegov's dictionary published during his lifetime;
Recently, a student of S.I. has been working on the dictionary. Ozhegova N.Yu. Shvedova; the heirs of a famous linguist do not like some of the principles of her work.

Ozhegov family

Sergei Ozhegov experienced a lot in his life, his family experienced a lot of complex, dramatic events that are characteristic of the Russian intelligentsia.

His father, an engineer at the Kuvshinova paper mill, received a four-room apartment, where the local intelligentsia often gathered. The settlement was advanced: innovations were constantly introduced at the factory, a school, the People's House, and a hospital were built. In the latter, Ozhegov's mother worked as a midwife. In addition to Sergei, the eldest, there were two more sons in their family. The middle one became an architect, the youngest - a railway worker.

In 1909, the Ozhegov family moved to St. Petersburg. Here Sergey went to the gymnasium, enrolled in a chess club and a sports society. Having successfully graduated from the gymnasium, he entered a higher educational institution, but the war prevented education.

Nevertheless, after the war, he still graduated from the university. Before receiving a diploma, Sergei Ozhegov married a student from the philological faculty. Her father was a priest, an excellent self-taught musician, performing classical and folk music.

Ozhegov was a very sociable person. Friendly companies always gathered in his house, a benevolent atmosphere reigned.

Ozhegov's wife was a great hostess, they lived together for about forty years, raised their son.

During the war, the Moscow family of Ozhegov moved to Tashkent, but almost all of the Leningrad relatives of the scientist could not survive the blockade. Left a niece. A five-year-old girl was sent to an orphanage, later S.I. Ozhegov found her and adopted her.

Ozhegov's merit

Ozhegov Sergei Ivanovich did a lot for Russian linguistics, whose contribution to the Russian language is very great. He is the author and compiler of many dictionaries and reference books. S.I. Ozhegov is known as a member of the Commission of the Moscow Council, deputy chairman of the commission of the Academy of Sciences, scientific consultant, teacher at the university.

Scientific works of Ozhegov

The main scientific works of S.I. Ozhegov reflect the issues of Russian lexicology and lexicography. He worked a lot on the history of the Russian language, studied sociolinguistics, the culture of Russian speech. Also, Sergey Ozhegov, a linguist, made a great contribution to the study of the language of individual writers (I.A. Krylova, and others). He worked a lot on the normativity of the Russian language: he was the editor of various reference dictionaries and language collections.

Probably, every Russian at home has a huge explanatory dictionary, the compiler of which, Sergey Ozhegov, has long been on everyone's lips. What kind of life should a person have in order to engage in the interpretation of various terms, categories and concepts? How did the compiled explanatory dictionary influence the system of Soviet education? The answers to these questions, as well as a brief biography of Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov, will be given in our article.

Youth Ozhegov

Sergei Ivanovich was born on September 22, 1900 in the village of Kamennoye, Tver province. Sergei's parents were respected people. Father, Ivan Ivanovich, was a process engineer at the Kamensk paper mill. Mother, Alexandra Fedorovna Degozhskaya, had in her family the famous philologist and spiritual figure Gerasim Pavsky. Gerasim was an archpriest and a great connoisseur of Russian literature. One of Pavsky's most famous works is called Philological Observations on the Composition of the Russian Language.

When Sergei Ozhegov was still a teenager, the First World War broke out. Because of her, the family moved to the territory of St. Petersburg. Here Sergei graduated from the gymnasium, after which he entered the Petrograd University, at the Faculty of Philology. Not having studied even a year, the hero of our article goes to the front. Sergei Ivanovich, being a member of the Red Army, took part in the battles near Narva, in Riga, Pskov, Karelia, in Ukraine and in many other places.

In 1922 Ozhegov returned to his studies. The country was poorly educated, people needed to master the art of reading and writing. Continuing to study, Sergei Ivanovich begins to teach Russian.

Scientific activity

In 1926, Sergei Ivanovich graduated from the university. On the recommendation of his teachers, he enters the graduate school of the Institute of the History of Languages and Literature at Leningrad State University - Leningrad University.

Sergey Ozhegov took up an in-depth study of lexicology, the history of grammar, spelling and even phraseology. The main object of scientific research of Sergei Ivanovich is colloquial Russian - with all its features, accents, slang and dialects.

While compiling scientific papers, Sergey Ozhegov simultaneously teaches at the Pedagogical Institute. Herzen. He began work on the famous "Explanatory Dictionary" in the late 1920s.

Life during the war

The editor of the dictionary published by Ozhegov was Dmitry Ushakov. All 4 volumes released by Sergei Ivanovich entered the history of culture as "Ushakov's Dictionaries".

In the 30s, Ozhegov moved to Moscow, where he began teaching at the Institute of Art, Philosophy and Literature. Three years later, Sergei Ivanovich received the status of a researcher at this institute.

During the Great Patriotic War, Ozhegov served as interim director at the Institute of Culture and Literature. At the same time, he develops and introduces into the program a course of Russian paleography - the science of ancient writings. Sergey Ivanovich also developed his own paleographic direction, connected with the wartime language.

About the Russian language dictionary

Ozhegov's main work is his famous explanatory dictionary, which contains the rules for writing, pronunciation, as well as definitions for more than 80 thousand expressions and words. Initially, Sergei Ivanovich planned to create a small dictionary with brief descriptions of the main Russian concepts and verbal categories. However, the first edition of the book, published in 1949, caused such enthusiasm in society that it was decided to expand the work.

From 1949 to 1960 the dictionary was published 8 times. The entire biography of Sergei Ozhegov is closely connected with the work on the dictionary. The Soviet scientist supplemented his work until the end of his life: he constantly made corrections, changes and improvements.

Today, the Dictionary of the Russian Language by linguist Sergei Ozhegov includes more than 80 thousand different expressions and words. Each new version of the dictionary reflects changes in Russian vocabulary.

Russian language service

In 1958, Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov created the Russian Language Reference Service. The organization appeared on the basis of the Russian Language Institute. Its purpose was to promote literate speech. It was possible to submit requests to the service itself about the correct spelling of individual words or expressions. All the data obtained were entered into the books of the popular science series "Issues of the Culture of Speech", which was published from 1955 to 1965.

Along with filling the "Dictionary of the Russian language" Sergei Ivanovich was engaged in writing the journal "Russian speech". This is a large-circulation academic publication, the first issue of which appeared only in 1967, after the death of Ozhegov. The magazine is still respected today. Philologists, writers, publicists and other persons who are not indifferent to the fate of their native language use it as a reference book on many issues.

Ozhegov about the Russian language

The compilers of a short biography of Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov, namely his contemporaries, spoke flatteringly about the scientist. According to them, Ozhegov was not an armchair researcher. Nor could he be called a conservative. On the contrary, Sergei Ivanovich was sympathetic and even interested in innovations in the language. Neologisms, borrowings from other languages, and even youth "verbal pranks" were not alien to him. Ozhegov only wanted to know the origin of new phrases or words, to understand their meaning and meaning.

Together with Alexander Reformatsky, the hero of our article created the famous "Card file of Russian obscenities." It was not just a collection of obscene expressions, but a scientific study of individual elements of the most ancient language usage. It was Ozhegov who began to destroy the stereotype that swearing is an element of the Mongolian language. A lot of evidence collected by Sergei Ivanovich indicates that Russian foul language comes from the Slavic category of the Indo-European language group.

Relations with linguists

There are many interesting facts about Sergei Ozhegov. So, it is known for certain that Sergei Ivanovich sometimes came into conflict with his colleagues. The reason for this is the innovative scientific style of the famous linguist, which clearly did not suit conservative Soviet scientists.

Ozhegov was loyal to all innovations and additions in the Russian language. This is what he was not like other philologists, whose goal was some kind of "equalization". Sergei Ivanovich advocated the preservation of many dialects, as well as the adoption of everything new. Soviet scientists took the opposite approach.

He received impartial criticism and the main work of Sergei Ivanovich - his famous explanatory dictionary. The Soviet philologist Rodionov wrote a review in the newspaper "Culture and Life" - "About one unsuccessful dictionary". Subsequently, a serious controversy flared up between Rodionov and Ozhegov, the result of which many scientists recognized the unconditional victory of Sergei Ivanovich.

Personal life

The biography of Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov contains some information about his family. It is known that the famous linguist had two brothers. Eugene, the younger brother, died of tuberculosis before the war. Boris, the middle brother, died of starvation in besieged Leningrad.

Sergei Ivanovich married a student of the philological faculty of the Pedagogical Institute. The Ozhegovs had no children, and therefore it was decided to adopt Sergei Ivanovich's five-year-old niece.

The hero of our article was friends with many famous cultural figures: Lev Uspensky, Korney Chukovsky, Fedorov Gladkov and many others. Ozhegov often spoke on the radio, published notes in magazines, and even advised theater workers.

The scientist died of infectious hepatitis in 1964. The urn with the ashes of Ozhegov is stored in the necropolis of the Novodevichy cemetery.