The indefinite form of the verb, also known as the infinitive, is a grammatical form that lives according to its own norms and rules. She also has special spelling rules regarding the use of a soft sign before -sya. Grade 4 students must remember these rules, which will become the basis of their literacy.
The rule tsya and tsya in verbs - the main points
To understand whether a soft sign is written at the end of the verb or not, it is enough to ask a question to the word. If it is an infinitive, then it answers the question what to do? or what to do?, and a soft sign in front of Xia definitely needs to be put. This will mean that the verb is in the indefinite form
For example:
The first sticky leaves began to appear on the trees (what to do?).
If the verb answers other questions, namely, what is he doing? or what will he do?, then the soft sign is not put, since it is not an infinitive, but is in the third person form (regardless of whether the singular or plural is used).
For example:
Yellowed leaves will soon fall from the trees (what will they do?).
In fact, everything is not as simple as it might seem in verbs. So, there are sentences without subjects, that is, it will not work to ask a question to the mysterious verb with -sya. It must be remembered that in this case it must be written without a soft sign. For example: Learn - always come in handy!
Difficulties in spelling a soft sign in different forms of the verb
The main difficulty is to always mentally ask a question to the verb - it's really more difficult than it seems, which means it's easy to make a mistake.
The second difficulty is when the verb forms in -sya go one after another in a sentence - there is a temptation to put a soft sign in both cases, or, again, for two verbs at once, to refuse it. Meanwhile, as in the general case, the question should be raised, because the situations are different.
Simple example:
Vova tries to laugh, although he is in pain.
Some put the question only to the first verb, and in the second they write the same ending, but the example makes it clear that this is a mistake.
It is very important to correctly determine the form of the verb with the help of a question, which can sometimes cause difficulties for students. That is why it is recommended to work out this skill to automatism, which is possible only through repeated repetition and persistent exercise.
It helps to remember the rule well, understanding its nature. So, if you look at the verbs of the third person or standing in an indefinite form, you can see that the former are written without a soft sign at the end, and in the latter it is present. That is, the suffix -sya actually added to the word does not change the essence of what is happening.
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In fact, this suffix can be easily replaced by the word “myself”, so in case of doubt, you can double-check yourself in this way, dividing the verb into two words. So, the word learn is easy to divide: teach yourself, it is obvious that we are talking about the infinitive, that is, a soft sign is needed.
What have we learned?
The soft sign in the endings of verbs with the suffix -sya depends on the form in which these verbs are. If this is a third person, singular or plural, then there should not be a soft sign in front of this suffix. If it is an infinitive, then it is required. You can check the form of verbs using special questions, and if the question cannot be posed, as in sentences without a subject, then by default the verb is written without a soft sign. This simple rule is often difficult to follow, so additional methods can be used to check the grammatical form of the verb. But still, the main one is a question, everything else is auxiliary options.
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We will learn how to write the endings -TSYA AND -TSYA correctly in verbs. Let us determine in what forms of the verb these endings are used.
Subject:Spelling
Lesson:Spelling TSYA and TSYA at the end of verbs
Studying, studying, student, working, working, titmouse, street, swim, swim. At the end of the words [tsa] is heard. In the words student, titmouse and street, [tsa] is read and written. The above words are nouns. There is no difficulty in writing these words correctly, because there is no spelling in these words. As for the rest of the spelling. All of them are verbs. [tsa] is heard, but at the end of the verb we write -tsya, -tsya.
Let's divide the words into two groups. Determine the form of the verbs and ask them questions.
Bend over (what to do?) indefinite form (infinitive), write in 1 column.
Afraid (what is he doing?) of the present, write in column 2.
Holds (what does?) Currently, we write in column 2.
Boasting (what is he doing?) at the present time, we write in column 2.
Smile (what to do?) indefinite form (infinitive) we write in 1 column.
Rice. one.
In the verbs of the 3rd person it is written -TSYA, in the verbs of the indefinite form -TSYA is written.
There is an easy way to determine what exactly needs to be written at the end of the verbs -TSYA, -TSYA. If there is a “t” at the end of the question, then -tsya will be written at the end of the verb. (what is being done? writing). If at the end of the verb there is “t”, then at the end of the verb it will be -tsya (what to do? take a walk).
Exercise 1. Stretch, relax, take a deep breath now. Get up, wash yourself, Eat porridge, Jump lightly, And squat down. Get up, jump, laugh, Spin around, sway, Bow, straighten up And start working again.
In what words do you hear [tsa] at the end?
1. (what to do?) stretch - a soft sign in the question, which means we write it in the verb.
2. (what to do?) to wash - an indefinite form of the verb, so you need to write a soft sign.
3. (what to do?) laugh - there is a soft sign in the question, which means we write it in the verb.
4. (what to do?) spin around - an indefinite form of the verb, so you need to write a soft sign.
5. (what to do?) sway - there is a soft sign in the question, which means we write it in the verb.
6. (what to do?) bow - there is a soft sign in the question, we write it in the verb.
7. (what to do?) to straighten up - an indefinite form, written with a soft sign.
8. (what to do?) work - there is a soft sign in the question, so we write it in the verb.
Task 2
Dictation letter. Mark √ or × in the appropriate box. Use an algorithm. 1) to be locked with a bolt;
2) fog spreads;
3) going to school;
4) it is necessary to take care of health;
5) wants to study;
6) the girl is studying;
1. Kalenchuk M.L., Churakova N.A., Baikova T.A. Russian language 4: Academic book / Textbook.
2. Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V., Pronina O. Russian language 4: Ballas.
3. Lomakovich S.V., Timchenko L.I. Russian language 4: VITA_PRESS.
3. Cabinet of the Russian language and literature ()
1. Rewrite. Underline the verbs in the form of the 3rd person with one line, in the indefinite form - with two. Do not rush: let me wash, let me pray, and have a bite! Soon the fairy tale is told, but the deed is not done soon. What is born in summer will come in handy in winter. Nothing is more difficult: praying to God, honoring your parents and repaying your debts. The Lord commanded to be fed from the earth. She cries with her eyes, but laughs with her heart. The crane walks through the swamp, is hired to work. Whoever is not lazy to plow will have bread. The goods will be loved - the mind will part. Expensive - the goods are stale; sell cheap - do not make profits.
2. Selective dictations. Write the verbs of the 3rd person in the left column, the verbs in the infinitive - in the right column. It’s good for someone else’s laughter (i.e. trouble) to laugh: laugh at your own! The eye is not satisfied with sight, and the mind with wealth. Don't wear someone else's dress. Learn - learn. Every bird flaunts with its feather. Where to meddle in wolves, if a dog's tail. The hay can't keep up with the fire. He drinks tea like a merchant, but pays not like a merchant. There is time to cry, eat and have fun. It is better to stumble with a foot than with a word. Beware of it, as you beware of fire and water. On someone else's good and eyes flare up. To hope for a friend - to disappear yourself. Every master marvels at himself.
3. Guess the riddles, underline the spelling -tsya, -tsya and explain them. Bows, bows - will come home, stretch out. Kochet ankle, bow much. Two brothers look at each other, but they don't get along. The mother is black, the daughter is red, the son is ankle-sized, it is much to bend. The gray cloth stretches out the window. During the day he swaggers, ribs, and at night he lies down in a corner. Two brothers are bathing and the third is taunting . Was on a dig, was on a firebox, was on a circle, was on a fire, stood in a market; he was young, he fed a hundred heads; became old - began to swaddle.
4. * Find and write down 10-15 riddles or sayings, or proverbs in which the spelling is found -tsya, -tsya.
I constantly make mistakes in verbs ending in -ts and -tsya. Help to understand and remember when to write a soft sign, and when not.
Answer
The misspelling of verbs ending in "-tsya" and "-tsya" is one of the most common mistakes on the Internet, cutting eyes and spoiling the impression of even the best blogs and other sites. Usually they write an extra soft sign: "I like him", "he won't succeed." For people who write correctly, the question of whether or not to write a soft sign does not even arise, they do it automatically correctly, without thinking. Therefore, the rule for the correct (sorry for some tautology) spelling of verbs ending in "-tsya" and "-tsya" is necessary only for those who make mistakes. Knowing this "sin" behind you, every time you need to write a word with "tsya" and "tsya", remember this rule until one fine day it ceases to be necessary for you, because you will begin to feel the only correct spelling without resorting to the rule .
Ask a question to the verb (one of these: what does it do? what will it do? what to do? what to do?). If there is a soft sign in the question, then it is necessary in the word. If there is no soft sign in the question, then it is not in the word either.
What is he doing? (no soft sign) - Having fun, somersaulting, getting married, doing push-ups, studying ...
What (will, wants, intends, intends ...) to do? (there is a soft sign) - Have fun, somersault, get married, do push-ups, study ...
What will he do? (there is no soft sign) - He will catch himself, gather himself, overstrain, respond, catch a cold ...
What to do? (there is a soft sign) - Catch, gather, overstrain, respond, catch a cold ...
If there is a soft sign in the question, then it is needed in the word.
If there is no soft sign in the question, then it is not needed in the word either.
Sometimes (very rarely) it is impossible to ask a question to the verb (if there is no subject in the sentence). In this case, feel free to write without a soft sign.
Not good for being young. It is easy to put the question to "be young": "what to do?", but to "not good" the question cannot be asked - therefore we write without a soft sign.
And a few proverbs that will help you feel the difference between "-tsya" and "-tsya".
Don't spit in the well, you'll get drunk.
Whoever swears without work cannot be relied upon.
What was to marry, if rye is not born.
Why boast about something that is not good for people.
Work well - bread will be born.
Literacy is always useful to learn.
As it is sewn, so it is worn.
Than to lie, it is better to scratch silently.
To be afraid of wolves - do not go into the forest.
In the modern world, a lot of communication takes place through writing texts on the Internet - it can be a chat in a game, correspondence in or social networks, comments on the same social networks or on other sites. But the fact remains that there is a lot of text. Alas, there are plenty of mistakes. One of the most common is the spelling "tsya" and "tsya" in the endings of verbs.
For the sake of experiment, I went into the chat of one recently launched and quite popular online game. In half an hour I counted 22 uses of verbs with the corresponding endings and ... 10 times a mistake was made, i.e. in almost half of the cases. And that's sad enough.
How to determine in which case it is necessary to write “TSYA” at the end, and in which one - “THIS”?
Let's start with the fact that "TSA" is written if the verb is in the 3rd person, and "THE" - if the verb is in the infinitive. But there is an easier way - to ask a question. If there is a soft sign in the question, then it will be in the verb. If in the question there is no soft sign at the end, then it will not be in the verb either.
- If the verb answers the question "What does it do?" or “What will he do?” - it is written "TSA".
- If the verb answers the question "What to do?" or "What to do?" - it is written "THIS".
Examples
Started on the smartphone screen appear scratches. Started what to do? Appear. A soft sign is needed in this case.
tablet soon recharge. What will the tablet do? Will charge. A soft sign is not needed.
You didn't give the tablet recharge, so the battery will soon sit down again. Did not give what to do? Recharge. A soft sign is needed.
Additionally
The boy tries to study, but fails. In the first part of the sentence there are two verbs with "ts" and "tsya" at the end. The question must be asked in both cases. What is the boy doing? Tries. The boy is trying to do what? To study. In the first case, a soft sign is not needed, and in the second case, it is needed.
For some verbs, the questions “What to do?” / "What to do?" unsuitable. They can be replaced with similar questions, for example, "what's going on?". In this case, the soft sign is not needed. If the question is “What will happen?”, then a soft sign is needed. Example - in the fall it will be early to get dark. Autumn what will happen? A soft sign is needed.
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“Let him go and learn - or learn?” Perhaps this error confidently holds the first place in the ranking of the most annoying. It's a shame that an annoying typo is often disguised as it. It seems that you know the rule, but all the same, in a hurry, in quick correspondence, a soft sign pops up where it does not belong at all. But it is unlikely that the advocate of spelling purity will be convinced by the argument “I had a five in Russian, put a soft sign by accident, my hand trembled.” Too noticeable, hurts the eyes.
What is the reason for this error? The fact is that in oral speech they do not differ when pronouncing the infinitive (in other words, the indefinite form) of the reflexive verb, for example, "learn", and its third person singular form - "he (she) will learn."
Let's figure out when a soft sign is indispensable, and when it is clearly superfluous. It's all about the significant part of the word (linguists call it a morpheme), which is at the end of each reflexive verb. This is a postfix -СЯ, by which the verb is recognized as reflexive. We inherited it from the Old Russian language. In fact, this is a truncated pronoun for "myself". For example, “dressing up” means “dressing yourself up”: the action is directed at the one who performs it, is closed on him. The postfix -СЯ also has other meanings: for example, it shows that an action is performed by several people at once (“hugging” without fail with someone - at least two people hug each other) or that it is involuntary (“get hurt”) and so on .
What's important? Remember that the postfix -СЯ is a special part of the word, its place is after graduation.
To the infinitive of the most common verb "teach" (what to do?), with a soft sign at the end, they attached -СЯ - and got the infinitive of the reflexive verb "learn". Here -ТЬ (infinitive suffix) and -СЯ (postfix) are different parts of the word, there is a boundary between them. Let's put this verb in the form of the third person singular - "he will learn" (what will he do?): the border will pass between the ending -IT and the postfix -СЯ.
But in oral speech, this boundary is erased: -TSYA and -TSYA sound the same, like "tsa". About ourselves, "in the mind", we pronounce exactly the same. That is why the error occurs.
How to deal with it? First, separate the postfix -СЯ from the end of the verb, solve the problem with the help of visualization: you need to imagine how the word is written and see -СЯ in it. For training, you can disassemble several reflexive verbs by composition. Secondly, in a school way, check yourself with a question. “Want (what to do?) to learn” - since there is (that is, it is written) a soft sign in the question, we put it in the verb as well. “He will certainly (what will he do?) Learn” - no soft sign, because it is not in the question (not written). The reception is boring, but effective, it helps to bring spelling to automatism.
Sometimes phrases like “want to learn” cause difficulties. Which of the verbs needs a soft sign, and which does not? The question "what is being done?" to the first verb seems strange. How to be here? Yes, just do not think about the strangeness of the question. It's definitely not worth it to be ashamed to ask it to yourself. He clarifies the situation (after all, there is no soft sign in it) and helps to throw a bridge to the second verb: "I want (what to do?) to learn."
Everything will definitely work!
