Are debit cards insured? Is the money on the debit card insured? What deposits are insured by the state

Debit cards at the beginning of the 21st century were the most popular banking product in payment systems. Almost 99% of cards issued by issuing banks were debit cards, that is, they provided for payment for goods and services, cashing out funds on the account. It is legally impossible to exceed the account balance using a debit card. Each card is tied to a specific bank account opened by the client under an agreement with the bank. The amount of funds on the card is equivalent to the amount in the account. Payroll cards are also debit cards.

Legislative regulation

The deposit insurance system is a state-level program, the implementation of which is provided for by Federal Law No. 177 of December 23, 2003 "On insurance of deposits of individuals in banks of the Russian Federation." As of February 2018, the system protects the deposits of Russian citizens in 779 banks operating in the territory of the Russian Federation. In 2004, the Deposit Insurance Agency began to function, which pays depositors compensation if a financial institution loses its license or is declared bankrupt. The compulsory insurance system also applies to debit cards, while there is no need to separately issue insurance and pay for it.

The state automatically protects depositors of domestic banks participating in the compulsory insurance system. The client, in the event of deprivation of the bank's license, will be compensated from insurance funds for amounts within 1.4 million rubles. This takes into account the total amount on all accounts (including interest) of one bank. For example, a depositor has a debit card, a deposit. If the total amount on these accounts does not exceed the insurance limit, then the indemnity will be paid. The insurance does not apply to prepaid cards that are not linked to a current account.

Will the money be returned if the bank goes bankrupt?

A bank's license may be revoked for a number of reasons, including bankruptcy. Funds on a debit card are considered a deposit, which means that they are automatically insured within the framework of the compulsory insurance system. When a license is revoked, all operations with bank accounts are blocked, that is, it will be impossible to withdraw money or pay for a purchase with a card. If an insured event occurs, the Deposit Insurance Agency (DIA) within 14 days appoints a bank or several financial institutions that will return the bankrupt bank's deposits.

There are situations when the DIA pays compensation on its own. The start date for payments can be found on the official website of the Agency. It is necessary to apply for a refund with a passport and a copy of the agreement under which the card was issued (if any). The depositor fills in the application form and reports the number of the account to which the money is transferred, the receipt of the amount in cash is also provided. To avoid queues, it is better to postpone a visit to the bank. Compensations are issued within 2 years from the date of license revocation. As a rule, the applicant receives the entire amount of insurance compensation on the day of application.

Conclusion

Funds on a debit card are considered a deposit and are insured by the state within the framework of the compulsory insurance system. The insurance agency acts as an executive body that returns money to bank customers. The insurance limit is 1.4 million rubles. (all deposits with interest are taken into account). You can apply for insurance compensation within 2 years after the revocation of the banking license. If the deposit exceeds the specified amount or the client is returned less than what was on the card, then it is necessary to apply to the DIA with an application. The bankruptcy of a bank is also an insured event, in which the insurance coverage of the deposit is guaranteed.

If the cardholder complied with all the security rules specified in the agreement with the bank, he is entitled to compensation for stolen funds, confirms Evelina Nechiporenko, Senior Director of Visa Risk Management in Russia. International payment systems have the principle of Zero liability, or zero liability, according to which the cardholder is not responsible for an unauthorized transaction that was not his fault, she explains. The rules of payment systems describe only general approaches, and then in each country this principle works in accordance with local legislation, Nechiporenko clarifies.

The bank "is obliged to reimburse the client for the amount of the transaction made without the consent of the client," says the law "On the National Payment System." But there are two limitations. Firstly, the cardholder must not violate the rules for its use established in the agreement. Secondly, he must report the illegality of the operation the next day after the bank notified him of the debit. You can get more time to file a complaint only if the bank has not notified the client about the operation.

There are payments in accordance with the law, says an employee of one of the payment systems. At the same time, banks are trying to minimize them, the source of Vedomosti continues: for example, they can indicate in the contract that it is possible to notify the bank of an illegal operation (for which a day is given) only at the bank's office. For those who are abroad, this condition is almost impossible. Another common requirement, which is not always easy to fulfill, is to provide documents from law enforcement agencies, says a payment system employee. According to him, banks will be more willing to compensate for the damage to a premium client - just so as not to lose it.

defenseless clients

In Russia, the rights of cardholders are infringed, according to payment systems expert Dmitry Artimovich: for example, the victim has 60 days to report the theft in the United States. In addition, he continues, in the United States, other guarantees of payment systems are also enshrined at the legislative level - for example, the right to compensation of funds if the goods from the online store did not arrive or if they are of inadequate quality.


Another problem for Russian cardholders is that they have nowhere to complain, except to the issuing bank, which is not interested in payments, Artimovich explains.

If the client applied for compensation to the issuing bank, he conducts his own investigation and is almost always ready to reimburse the lost funds if the fault does not lie with him, since he can later recover funds from the culprit. For example, a fraudulent transaction may occur through the fault of the bank serving the point of sale (acquirer), or the store, explains the employee of the payment system.

Banks themselves do not disclose the amount of payments to customers. "Renaissance Credit" on average satisfies 70% of the requirements to compensate for the stolen, says the head of his fraud investigation department, Sergei Afanasiev. Tinkoff Bank satisfies most of these requests, its representative assures.

When the law is powerless

According to Afanasiev, the most common reasons for refusing to compensate for stolen money are related to violation of the rules for using the card by the clients themselves: for example, by writing a PIN code on the card, and passwords from mobile and Internet banking into a lost smartphone. Clients have to be refused even in the case when they become victims of social engineering, that is, having succumbed to the deception of scammers, they tell them secret data - card details, a one-time sms and pin code, lists Afanasyev.

As a rule, scammers fish out this information, posing as bank employees, and often a person calls them himself, having received an SMS about a transaction that he did not make. Attackers can use fake Chinese sites with cheap goods, fake card-to-card transfer services, where you need to enter all card details supposedly to complete a transaction, resources like Avito are also used, on which a person is persuaded to transfer card data, says the director of monitoring electronic business of Alfa-Bank Alexey Golenishchev.

The first deputy head of the information security department of the Central Bank, Artem Sychev, called social engineering "one of the biggest problems of information security." The same opinion is shared by almost all the bankers interviewed by Vedomosti.

It turns out that the law does not protect a person from stealing money from a card by one of the most popular methods - using social engineering, since in this case it is believed that the responsibility lies with the person who disclosed confidential information.

What does the policy cover

Money protection programs on the cards of various insurance companies that many banks offer customers also do not protect from all troubles.

The most common incidents that almost all insurers cover are unauthorized debiting of a lost or stolen card, debiting of money from a card as a result of phishing or skimming, robbery at an ATM with the theft of freshly withdrawn cash, and transfer of a card and pin code attackers under the threat of violence.

Most insurers understand skimming as copying card data, including using a special device on an ATM - a skimmer. As a rule, after the scammers make a duplicate of the card and withdraw funds from it.

But insurers interpret phishing in different ways: some understand it as the receipt of confidential data about the card fraudulently during a telephone conversation, messaging on the Internet, by infecting the domain name system (the AlfaStrakhovaniya program for Raiffeisenbank and VTB Insurance). Others define phishing as a type of Internet fraud to obtain user identification data through mass emails on behalf of popular brands (Sberbank insurance and VSK) or do not provide any definition at all.

At the same time, each insurance company requires compliance with the standard rules for using payment cards: do not store the pin code with the card, cover the keyboard with your hand when typing the pin code, do not tell anyone the card details and secret codes sent via SMS to confirm online transactions. VTB Insurance adds the use of unlicensed software to the list of prohibitions, says Deputy Director Sergei Konkin.

The main share of fraudulent transactions with cards, according to the Central Bank, falls on online transactions, which do not require the presentation of a physical card, but it is enough to enter its details. As a rule, attackers get them using the same social engineering (including phishing). But most insurers believe that the victim of social engineering has violated the rules for using the card, and refuse to pay compensation. For example, the Alfa-Strakhovanie program for Alfa-Bank emphasizes that the cardholder must not provide card information and SMS passwords to confirm transactions, including to bank employees.

But a representative of Raiffeisenbank claims that the disclosure of secret data by those who were misled is considered an insured event in its program (however, the insurance conditions also contain a clause stating that the cardholder must comply with the rules for using it). Representatives of Sberbank Insurance and Tinkoff Insurance say the same thing, but they emphasize that in this case it is necessary to prove the fact of fraudulent actions by third parties. At the same time, the Tinkoff Insurance program specifically stipulates that the company will not compensate for losses due to unauthorized debiting of funds if a secret code was entered to confirm the operation.

If fraudsters have gained access to the card itself, for example, have stolen it, then you can count on compensation only if the pin code was not lost along with the card. A number of insurers separately cover the risk of transferring the card along with the pin code under the threat of violence, however, they may limit the time during which money must be withdrawn from the card (for example, two hours at VTB Insurance), and also introduce payout limits (RSHB insurance", "Alfastrakhovanie").

It turns out that, compared to compensation under the law, insurance covers a little more reasons for losing money - in particular, when the attackers forcibly took away the card along with the pin code or cash withdrawn from the insured card.

Insurance conditions

Such card insurance is relatively inexpensive: there are programs with an insurance premium of 300 rubles. per year and the amount of compensation is 15,000 rubles. (offered by Vostochny Bank), one of the most expensive policies (from Raiffeisenbank) will cost 6,900 rubles, but the insurance coverage is many times more - 750,000 rubles.

At the same time, insurers quite often set limits on payments for certain risks. For example, at Alfastrakhovanie for Alfa-Bank, the limit on the risk of theft of cash withdrawn from an ATM is 40-60% of the sum insured, and if the money was withdrawn from 23.00 to 07.00, then the insurer is ready to pay no more than 10,000 rubles. RSHB Insurance has payout limits (at the level of 40-60% of the sum insured) for all risks, except for the loss of the card.

If money just withdrawn from an ATM was stolen, then another important point besides limits is time. For example, Sberbank Insurance and VTB Insurance are ready to compensate for stolen cash only if it was stolen no later than two hours after receipt. Societe General Insurance gives the most time - 72 hours.

Most companies offer insurance for a period of one year without limiting the number of insured events. But if this happened, then, as a rule, the amount of compensation is reduced by the amount of previously made payments.

Basically, banks sell insurance against theft of funds from cards issued by them, less often you can insure cards of any Russian banks. The insurance mainly covers the amount of stolen funds and the cost of reissuing the card, restoring documents and keys. The beneficiary is the card holder or his representative. Most insurers are ready to compensate for losses that occurred within no more than 48 hours before the card was blocked.

Who can't get insurance

It is more difficult to receive an insurance payment than compensation from a bank, experts warn.

If an insured event has occurred, then you should hurry to inform not only the bank, but also law enforcement agencies and the insurance company. Most allow three working days for this, and this must be done in writing, an indulgence is made only for those who are abroad (they can do this by phone, and upon returning to their homeland they will have the same three days). Longer terms are rare: the program from Raiffeisenbank gives 90 working days to apply to the insurance company, but sets other deadlines - you need to submit an application to law enforcement agencies no later than 48 hours after the occurrence of the insured event, and also “no later than the 20th day of the next month” submit an application to the bank for disagreement with the operation. And Sberbank Insurance completely reserves the right to refuse payment if the cardholder did not notify the bank of the theft within 12 hours (even the law allocates more time for this - a day), an exception is only if the insured could not do this due to health. There are also exotic conditions: at RSHB Insurance, fraudulent debiting of money using a stolen or copied card is considered an insured event only if the bank notified the holder of the operation, and he could not contact the bank within 24 hours and warn about fraud.

To receive payments, you will have to collect a large package of documents, all insurers require copies of orders from law enforcement agencies to initiate criminal cases or to refuse to do so. Initiating a case on theft from bank cards may take several months, Marat Khuzhin, a lawyer for the Word and Deed bureau, warns; it is also not easy to get a refusal order, he points out. For law enforcement officers, theft from bank cards is not obvious: the law does not fully determine what evidence is sufficient to consider a crime committed, he explains.

Also, all companies immediately warn that they will not pay out insurance if someone else compensates for the losses. In the event of fraudulent debiting of money from the card, there is a possibility that the issuer will cover the losses, so insurers first require you to protest the transaction at the bank that issued the card and wait for the outcome of the investigation. That is, the cardholder must first try to compensate for the loss under the right established by law. The insurance company will need to provide the result of the investigation conducted by the bank.

As a rule, insurance companies also refuse payments for the same reasons as issuing banks, i.e. when the client blocked the card too late and did not have time to notify the bank in time, and also if he violated the rules for using the card by providing confidential information. “Sometimes we make an exception for pensioners, when the insured mistakenly gave information about the card or access to the office,” says Irina Karnaeva, director of the department of property insurance of individuals at Alfastrakhovanie. According to her, the company refuses to pay in 30% of cases.

One of the main reasons for the refusal is the lack of evidence of illegal actions of third parties, points out the head of the product development department at Sberbank Insurance Elena Mashitskaya.

Getting compensation from the insurance company is not always easy because of the tough conditions, admits Khudyakov of the Mains Group. The contracts contain a large number of exceptions, reservations and short deadlines in which it is necessary to fulfill all the requirements of the insurer, he continues. And even when there are no problems with documents, direct receipt of insurance compensation takes a long time. Because of this, Khudyakov compares the refund procedure with a whole quest, which includes visiting law enforcement agencies. This type of insurance is for those who are willing to spend a lot of time to receive reimbursement, indicates a top-manager of the top thirty banks.

Profitable product

The insurers themselves do not disclose the statistics of fees and payments for this product. According to Alexander Sporykhin, VSK product manager, his company concluded 16,000 contracts last year (it works with four partner banks), and for the entire time the average premium amounted to 530 rubles, the average amount of payments was 67,000 rubles. According to expert estimates, the card insurance product has a “very good loss ratio” (the ratio of the amount of paid losses to the collection of insurance premiums. - Vedomosti) - a maximum of 15%, Vladimir Kremer, head of the AIG financial risk insurance department, knows. Despite the fact that banks in some cases are obliged to compensate for the stolen funds, he continues, there is still a field for insuring money on the card. For example, if a person was robbed immediately after withdrawing cash from an ATM, money was withdrawn from a stolen card, etc.

Anna Tretiak participated in the preparation of the article

How much does credit card insurance cost?

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In the event of instability in the financial market and the revocation of a license from a banking institution, deposit holders feel more or less secure: they know that they can count on compensation for lost funds from the state. However, a large number of clients are also interested in another question: are the money on the debit card insured and can the holders of "plastic" rely on the support of the Deposit Insurance Agency?

Are debit cards insured?

Classic bank cards are unequivocally subject to insurance in the DIA - . The fact is that the money we keep on plastic is funds placed on the current accounts of individuals. They are opened following the signing of a bank account agreement, which, in turn, is part of the agreement for the issuance and maintenance of debit "plastic". Thus, in accordance with the law, the funds that we place on the card are considered a deposit, since they are placed on the basis of a bank account/deposit agreement. Therefore, they are insured.

An important question is how much money is insured on a debit card? In case of withdrawal of licensing documents from a financial institution, insurance covers amounts up to 1.4 million rubles. Please note that if several banking products (for example, several cards and deposits) were issued in one bank in the name of the client, their total amount will be subject to insurance, and it should be less than 1.4 million rubles.

Debit card insurance - does it apply to savings in foreign currency?

The insurance procedure in the DIA involves the payment of compensation in ruble terms. However, if money was stored on your card in foreign currency (dollars, euros), they are also insured: we are talking about an amount equivalent to 1.4 million rubles. The entire amount of funds in foreign currency accounts is converted into rubles, while your savings will be recalculated at the rate adopted by the Bank of Russia on the day the license is revoked. This implies an obvious drawback of the insurance system for foreign currency debit cards: the exchange rate at the time of falling under an insured event can be very unprofitable for bank clients who risk losing money on.

How is the refund procedure?

So, if the Central Bank revokes the license of the banking institution in which you are served, and at the same time it is included in the register of the Deposit Insurance Agency, your case falls under the definition of insurance - therefore, you can claim cash compensation. So, what is the algorithm of actions?

• 14 days after the revocation of the license, plastic card holders must come with a passport to the agent bank (it is appointed by the DIA) and fill out an application for insurance in it.
• Information about which institution to contact can be found on the official Internet portal of the Deposit Insurance Agency.
• You can claim a refund within two years from the date of revocation of the license from a banking institution. It makes no sense to rush to the branch of the agent bank and stand in line there in the first days of issuance.
• Compensation payments due to an insured event will be issued to the cardholder or transferred to the account indicated by him - as a rule, this happens on the day of application.
• If the amount of compensation seemed unsatisfactory to you, you have the right to contact the DIA and substantiate the essence of your claims. However, waiting for a response can take years, especially if the amount of funds on the card exceeded the insurance limit.

Please note that bank cards can be insured on an individual basis in specialized insurance companies. They will compensate you for the loss of money in a larger list of cases: in case of theft of funds, robbery at an ATM or terminal, in case of loss of "plastic" or its damage.

Sberbank of Russia - offers for insurance of plastic cards

The largest and most reliable financial institution in the country - - offers its customers to become part of the plastic card insurance system. The table below shows the options for policies issued for a one-year period:

Unlike the Deposit Insurance Agency, which considers only one event as an insured event (revocation of license documents), Sberbank guarantees customers a more comprehensive and extensive protection system. So, as cases involving subsequent compensation of funds, the institution considers: loss, theft, illegal use of the card by third parties; extortion of a password from a card with subsequent withdrawal of funds from it; mechanical damage to the "plastic" and its demagnetization; ATM malfunctions. By issuing only one policy, you will insure against this set of risks all the cards linked to your account.