Convenient layout of the bath with a large steam room. Bath size. The optimal size of the bath, design. Edged timber prices

Modern country houses in terms of comfort are practically not inferior to city apartments, and many are superior, including in terms of equipping with sanitary equipment. Nevertheless, as before, when it was problematic with hygiene procedures, today, the bathhouse remains one of the attributes of country life. And if experienced people know everything about baths, and even more, then beginners who are just starting to master the country lifestyle have a lot of questions.

Mayak1747 Member of FORUMHOUSE

Experienced, tell me - what size of the bath do you think is convenient? He started to raise a bathhouse, well, he stumbled on this nonsense. Personally, my soul asks for scope, I think, at least 6x6 m and two-story, with a guest room with a balcony, a veranda, a spacious steam room, a separate bathroom. The wife is against, she says, the plot is small (8 acres), the house is large, a barn, a playground and other “stray”, everything is crowded. And the maximum wants 3x4 m and one floor. And I think it’s not enough - neither to sit, nor to wash properly. What do you think?

Everything is individual.

ZYBY Member of FORUMHOUSE

And let's say that the problem with many unknowns! They didn't say anything in their question. Because they didn't even think about it! How many people will take a steam bath, what procedures will be carried out, will there be a winter bath regime, etc. It is stupid to make barn-sized ones and then heat it for half a day!

However, there are general rules that should be followed, and we will consider them.

• The optimal size of the steam room
• Bath layout
• Optimal dimensions of rooms and baths

The optimal size of the steam room

There are a fairly large number of projects and layouts of baths of all sizes, from mini-houses to full-fledged complexes with a pool, that are freely available on the network.

There are plenty to choose from, but it’s not so problematic and independently develop a layout for your “Wishlist”, and not engage in fitting.

unforgiven Member FORUMHOUSE

It is much more reasonable to take a pencil and paper (or an appropriate program) and, having thought it over, draw a PLAN of a bath, than to stuff all the necessary premises into the general dimensions taken from the ceiling.

The starting point when designing a bath is the dimensions of the main room - the steam room, in the calculation of which several factors are taken into account.

• The average number of visitors at the same time.
• What will the oven be?
• Operating mode.

The area of ​​​​the steam room, as well as a private bath, as a whole, is not regulated by standards, only by common sense and one’s own capabilities. But it is believed that comfortable bath procedures are possible if at least 1 m² is allocated for each person in the steam room. Again, if the household is large, they will obviously not be enough for a square, and it is better to lay 1.5 or 2 m² per visitor.

In addition to the number of steamers, the dimensions of the furnace equipment are also taken into account. Modern bath stoves are mostly compact, but there must be a safety zone around, the dimensions of which depend on the type of construction. This is 500 mm on each side for a brick (metal in a brick frame) and 1 m for a metal furnace.

The mode of operation is understood not only as the intensity of use of the bath, although this factor is important, but also the preferences of bathers. If sitting three people can take a steam bath in a room of 2 × 1.5 m, then lying down, and even with a broom, you won’t fit in a three-meter steam room, and it will be at least 2.4 × 2 m. As for the height of the ceiling, it varies in within 2-2.5 m, the height of 2.1 m is considered optimal. This value is sufficient for the bulk of visitors, with the expectation of swinging a broom, if there is no “Uncle Styopa” among household members or friends who can rush into the bathhouse.

Bath layout

If possible, the bath complex can include a couple of floors, and guest rooms with balconies, and billiard rooms with a pool, and in the absence of these, they manage to enjoy the bath in one room “for everything about everything”. A typical layout of the bath includes the following rooms:

• steam room;
• washing (soap);
• dressing room.

Initially, in Russia they managed with one room, in which they both steamed and washed, but in the current baths, the steam room and washing room are separated. This is due both to the possibility of using various modes in the steam room, and to convenience and safety. Modern detergents are far from harmless enough to risk using them at elevated temperatures.

The dimensions of a typical washing room with shelves and basins are also tied to the number of visitors - from 1.5 m² per person, that is, the washing room is half the size of a steam room. But given that today many people prefer to rinse under a shower head or install shower stalls, this room can be made even smaller by fitting it to the dimensions of the equipment. In this case, 1.8 × 1.8 m will be enough. However, it can not mean it is necessary.

ZYBY Member of FORUMHOUSE

Wet procedures are done in soapy water. It is optimal to have as many lying places in the soap room as in the steam room, according to the number of steamers! Better yet, have a table in the middle where you can massage and walk around! To do this, you need a large soapy and warm in it for the duration of the procedures will not hurt! Anyone who does not take this into account loses a lot! This is the main part of the bathing process, just like soaring! It's a shame people lost everything!

Not everyone can afford a full-fledged rest room in a bathhouse - finances do not allow someone to "walk around", and someone, because of the size of the site, only has a basic minimum. In these cases, the functions of the rest room are performed by the dressing room, which is also the locker room and the vestibule. Naturally, the larger this room, the more comfortable it can be accommodated by arranging a place for gatherings over a mug of something that anyone likes more. If you plan to relax after the bath in the house, and the dressing room has exclusively direct functionality, a width of 1.2 m is enough to make it convenient to undress.

Minimum dimensions of rooms and baths

Everyone selects the optimal size of the bath based on their preferences and capabilities, while the permissible minimum (we are not talking about comfort, but about hard necessity) can be taken from the table.

For a seasonal bath, this is quite enough.

Siberian grandfather FORUMHOUSE Member

Bath size 2.20 × 6 m, we have been using it for more than five years in the country, mainly in the warm season (April-December). The stove is heated from the outside, it is convenient - garbage is not dragged into the dressing room with firewood, ash does not wake up on the floor when cleaning the blower. During the growing season, we use the shower almost daily. The dressing room is relatively small, but in order to change clothes and sit and relax after the steam room, it is quite enough. I agree with those who consider the rest room in the bath to be an excess - it is much more pleasant to sit after the bath in the gazebo or just under a canopy. Dimensions are given approximately along the inner perimeter without taking into account the thickness of the walls.

If we talk about comfort in a bath for year-round use, a few squares should be added to the minimum.

Evgeny-M Member of FORUMHOUSE

Everyday experience is a minimum for a bath, it is 5 × 4 m, you can fit any Wishlist, and anything less is already a search for compromises.

Also, when choosing the dimensions of the bath, the type of wall material is also taken into account - if brick / block buildings can be almost any, frame and wooden buildings are “tied” to the dimensions of lumber and cladding.

How to calculate the power of the stove for a bath

If the convenience of bathing procedures is largely determined by the dimensions of the premises, then the temperature regime and the quality of the steam depend on the stove. Manufacturers offer a large selection of furnace equipment, the power of which is selected based on the volume of the steam room. But, in addition to volume, it is necessary to take into account the design of the bath, since the efficiency of the furnace directly depends on the quality of insulation and other factors.

• Heating windows and doors: each m² of surface consumes an average of 1.2 m³ of a steam room, if the door is glass, as much as 1.5 m³. If there is a brick partition in the steam room, it is spent on it in the same way as on 1.2 m³ of the room.
• Absorption of thermal energy by walls: coefficient for an uninsulated log house - 1.5; uninsulated log house with a cold floor - 2; with insulation - 1; insulation with foil vapor barrier - 0.6.

To find out the optimal power of a bath stove, calculate:

• steam room volume (V) - the product of length, width and height;
• heat loss through windows and doors - the surface area (S) is multiplied by a factor of 1.2 or 1.5 and summarized;
• the resulting amount of heat loss through closed openings is added to the value of the volume of the steam room;
• the coefficient of heat absorption by the walls (K) is multiplied by the value obtained.

Consider a steam room with an area of ​​2.4 × 2 m, with a ceiling height of 2.1 m, with insulation, without a brick partition, with a window and a wooden door.

• 2.4 2 2.1 = 10.08 m³.
• (0.5 1.2)+(1.8 1.2)=2.76.
• 10,08+2,76=12,84.
• 1 12.24=12.84.

That is, the power of the furnace for such a steam room should be at least 12.84 kW, but if the bath is used all year round, it is worth taking a model with a small margin. At first glance, it seems that it is enough to add 20% to the actual volume of the steam room to get the calculated one without calculations, but this will only work with a well-insulated bath. When it comes to an uninsulated log house, a steam room with a volume of 10.08 m³ will already need a stove with a capacity of 19.26 kW. If the stove power exceeds the optimal one by more than 20%, the steam will be too “heavy”, which will not add to the pleasure of the procedure, although the steam room will warm up faster.

In addition to free-standing full-fledged baths, combined ones are also popular today - one of the portal participants turned an old sea container. And the other took his half-timbered laminated timber for bathing procedures. In the video - about a guest house with a bath complex on the picturesque shore of the lake.

It is accepted by the company to visit the bathhouse, because this time is combined with weekends or holidays. However, it should be borne in mind that not all rooms are able to withstand a large number of people at the same time. It is necessary to take care of solving this issue even at the construction stage, laying the optimal size of the bath. Here, not only the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe inner perimeter is taken into account, although it is initially clear that this is a compact structure, but the area of ​​​​each individual room. The bath should be comfortable to bathe and relax.

A few words about the bath

Excessively large dimensions of the steam room, as well as too small ones, will create inconvenience. Heating a large room will consume a significant amount of fuel, which will lead to inefficient use of resources. Since any space is limited, an increase in the steam room will entail a decrease in other rooms, for example, a rest room. Therefore, already at the design stage, you need to take care of what the optimal dimensions for a particular bath will be.

Steam room - central place

In calculating the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe main room in the bath, not only the estimated number of people who will be inside is taken, but also the size of the stove. Enough space should be left next to it so that no one gets burned or otherwise injured.

Fuel is gas, coal, wood, electricity. Each case will have a different internal layout. Most of the space is occupied by wood-burning brick ovens. A positive quality in this situation is that they do not need to install additional protection against impact on the walls, it is harder to get burned with them.

During the installation of a metal furnace, its surface needs additional thermal protection from possible burning.

When choosing the optimal size of the steam room in the bath, it is worth taking into account the position in which the visitors will bathe:

• a sitting position will require a minimum of space;
• intermediate half-sitting/reclining positions need more space;
• baths, in which they like to bathe lying down, require a significant place.

Most often, the optimal size of the bath for 3 people in a sitting position is limited to 1.3x1.8 m. The same bath room for 4 people will need to be expanded to 1.5x2.0 m. These dimensions do not include a stove. Under it, you also need to allocate a place based on its operational characteristics.

Shelf dimensions (width) are chosen according to how visitors will behave for a longer time:

• 0.4 m wide from the wall is enough for the sitting position of the average person;
• it will be possible to sit with raised legs on a shelf at a width of about 0.8-0.9 m;
• take a reclining position with a distance to the wall of 1.5 m;
• in full growth it will be possible to lie down on a bench of at least 1.8 m, but most often in this case they are already located along the wall.

When choosing the optimal dimensions of the shelves in the bath, it is worth considering that they are often installed on several floors.

• The smallest width at the bottom step. It is used for children or as a stand for bath accessories.
• The second shelf is used most often, so it has the largest width.
• The height from the surface of the third shelf to the ceiling should not be less than a meter, so that it remains possible to sit comfortably there.

The height between the shelves remains approximately 0.3-0.4 m. The boards on the surface are nailed with a gap of 3-4 mm to improve air circulation.

The doorway should be designed to minimize heat loss. Be sure to install a small threshold. Common dimensions are 0.8x1.5 m.

The door from the steam room should always open outward to ensure the safe operation of the bath.

VIDEO: Steam room volume calculation / Steam room dimensions

Washroom or shower room

When choosing which bath size is the most optimal, you will need to take into account the dimensions of the washing room. This space contains cold water tanks and hot water showers. The installed pool inside the building can affect the area.

To accommodate 2-3 visitors here, a minimum of 1.8x1.8 m of space is required. In this space there will be a booth with hot water or a tub of water. The standard parameters for four wash users will be a value of 2.0x2.0 m.

The project may involve placing the stove in two rooms at the same time, both in the steam room and in the shower room. In such a situation, it is customary to install a hot water tank in the washing room. In this regard, the parameters of the furnace must allow not only to heat the steam room, but also to heat the allocated volume of water.

It is worth starting from the fact that a medium-sized metal stove for a bath is able to provide heating to a room of 18-19 m 3 and at the same time heat a container of water of 60-70 liters.

Such dimensions are quite enough for a family of four. If more visitors come, you will have to make a second call.

Window dimensions

The steam room requires a small window through which heat will not escape, but through which you can ventilate the room. The washing room needs natural light, which is provided through small windows.

When choosing the optimal size of a bath for a summer residence, they are guided by the fact that the windows in the washing room are located at a height of at least 1.3-1.4 m, otherwise unwanted drafts will appear. Windows are mounted with double glazing and dimensions of approximately 0.5x0.7 m.

To get the most optimal size of the bath, we install the doors to the washing room a little larger than to the steam room. They can already be 0.8x1.8 m. If it is not possible to build a pool inside the washing room, then it is installed outside the building.

Pre-bath room

For buildings that have a small area, the dressing room performs several functions at the same time. This place is a regular rest room, and also serves as a temperature barrier between the outside space and the washing room with a steam room. Also in this area is often placed a supply of firewood for drying.

The optimal size of the sauna dressing room for 2 or 3 people will be approximately 1.3x3.0 m. To accommodate four comfortably, the area is 1.7x3.6 m. Here you can leave some things or outerwear.

The room is equipped with large, for example, panoramic windows. Double glazing is also desirable here. The front door without a terrace or gazebo in front of the building is a direct entrance to the bath itself. Its dimensions are usually 1.8x0.8 m. When using a bathhouse in winter, it is necessary to insulate the outer doors or install double doors.

VIDEO: Bath minimum dimensions

The main functional room of any bath will be the so-called steam room or, as it is also called, the steam room. Its high-quality arrangement allows you to make wellness procedures more effective, high-quality and enjoyable for a person and significantly increase the popularity and demand for a bath as such. And it is simply impossible to imagine that the Russian bath does not have a steam room.

Device Features

The device of this room should be not only simple, but at the same time as comfortable and convenient as possible for those who will use it. The most important thing is that it should contain the right number of shelves and racks. It should be said that the stove is the main component of any steam room, because it is precisely the role assigned to it to ensure the correct microclimate, as well as the comfortable required temperature in this room. Today in the steam room it is possible to easily install any type of stove: stone, electric, or made of metal and brick.

If we talk about shelves, they are formed from boards and leave a small space between them, thereby forming a drain. By the way, it is better to use any wood for shelves, except for conifers. Shelves should be fixed so that there is as much free space as possible and it remains possible to carry out quick cleaning after visiting this room. Under them, you can place various kinds of bath accessories such as various ladles, buckets, as well as brooms. In general, the distance between the floor and the shelves should be maximized, because cold air masses accumulate under them.

The steam room should have ideal proportions so that it warms up well to the required temperature level.

It is best to design an option with an area of ​​​​2 by 2.5 meters. Its height should be 2.10 - 2.15 meters. This size is enough for both brick and wooden steam rooms.

Its walls must also be sheathed with special insulation, which will retain heat inside for a long time and at the same time, under the influence of high temperatures, will not emit harmful substances into the environment. If we talk about flooring, then usually it is made either from boards or from tiles, which are quite easy to care for.

The door should have a minimum size, because it can become a source of additional heat loss. It is better if it is located near the furnace. It should not have constipation and be easy to open and close tightly. The latter is extremely important due to the fact that it is not uncommon for such doors to jam due to swelling of the tree due to high humidity. There can be no windows in such a room at all, but if you still want to make them, then they should be very small, deaf and located as high as possible to the ceiling.

An obligatory element, without which the effective use of such a room is impossible, is a ventilation system that will remove excess moisture from the outside and will provide a constant supply of fresh air.

materials

Such a room can be built from various materials - brick, stone (natural), foam and gas blocks. But, of course, wood is the best material. As a rule, rounded or planed logs are taken for a steam room. There are cases when you can use a bar. Glued laminated timber can also be a good solution due to maximum moisture resistance. But it also has a corresponding cost.

The most convenient in laying and the most affordable can be called a profiled beam, which is also quite resistant to deformation effects of various kinds. For the construction of a steam room, wood species such as aspen, birch or larch and linden are perfect. The mentioned species of these trees do not emit any resins at all. You must be extremely careful if you decide to choose a pine tree. It is better to make only walls from this wood, but it is better to finish them inside from non-coniferous wood.

Also for the steam room as a whole, linden is an excellent solution, because it has wonderful cleansing and diaphoretic agents. In addition, this material has excellent strength, durability and hardness, besides, its price is attractive.

Project and calculation

It is necessary to create a project before the start of construction work. Dimensions will vary due to a large number of nuances. First you need to understand how many people will be steaming here at the same time. The overall dimensions of the room will directly depend on this indicator. If we talk about the norms, then at least 0.7 m2 should be allocated for each person.

To calculate the height of the room, you can choose the height of the tallest family member and add 20 centimeters. During the calculations, you need to understand that the ceiling will receive additional insulation, which means that its level will be slightly lower than originally expected. Making the steam room too high is also not the best solution, as this can cause not only insufficient heating, but also extra energy costs to compensate for this shortcoming.

Hot air masses will simply go up to the ceiling and will not have any necessary effect on those who are in the steam room. It is best if the height of the steam room is 2.2-2.4 meters.

The placement of people in the sauna can be either recumbent or seated. The seated arrangement in the steam room will make it possible to make it more compact. The shelves on which it is supposed to lie require significantly more space. In this case, the minimum length indicator will be 20 centimeters more than the height of the tallest member of the family.

It is imperative to work out the issue of the ventilation system. Since this room is not a washing room or a rest room, steam will accumulate here so much that in the presence of permanent and constant humidity all wooden elements will quickly become unusable, this will also cause mold to form, which will make the microclimate unfavorable for humans.

Where to put the oven?

Another important question that we will try to answer in this article. If you refer to SNiP under the number 41-01-2003, then the stove in the bath should be located at a distance of at least 32 centimeters from wooden structures. If the walls are protected by materials that do not burn, then the distance can be reduced to 26 centimeters. These norms are very important, since any steam room has its own central element - the stove.

Its location is very important, because the efficiency of the entire system will depend on it. As a rule, it is installed next to the outer wall, which allows you to lead the chimney through the wall on the street without damaging the attic floor and roof.

But there is an option to create a traditional design with a vertical pipe passing through the entire building of the bath. To do this, a special hole is made in the ceiling ceiling, which is carried out through the attic, which is passed through the roof. After that, the gaps between the pipe and the roofing material are covered with waterproofing. This option is more difficult to implement in terms of installing a chimney. But if you give preference to him, then this will significantly save space in the steam room due to the indentation from the wall. But here we should not forget that the oven should be compact.

By the way, on the market today you can find quite small options that have great efficiency and will be a great solution for any steam room.

Tools and accessories

In order to make a steam room, we need:

• beams for the construction of walls, as well as partitions;
• concrete-based mortar;
• clay, sand, gravel;

• reinforcement for creating a foundation;
• boards for creating formwork;
• waterproofing materials;

• refractory brick;
• tile;
• lining;

• mineral wool or any other insulation;
• slate and galvanization;

• antiseptics;
• fixtures, cable, junction boxes, switches and fans.

If we talk about tools, then we will need:

• shovel or small excavator;
• saw (electric or gasoline);
• axe;

• electric drill;
• a hammer;
• electric screwdriver;

• construction stapler;
• caulk;
• mallet;
• level and rule.

After all of the above is at hand, you can proceed directly to the construction.

Installation and insulation

After the project has been fully drawn up, and the calculations you have made have been checked for inaccuracies and errors, you can begin building the foundation of the future steam room and walls with your own hands. The following step-by-step instruction will help with this.

So, the first stage of work will be laying the foundation. To do this, you must first dig a pit in the shape of a rectangle. Its depth should be at the level of 1/2 of the freezing of the earth. The height above the ground should be 17-19 centimeters. If there is no base, then you can raise the structure by 60 centimeters. It is also important that the width of the foundation be 10 centimeters greater than the width of the beam itself. After that, we install the reinforcement on which the first crown will be fixed. Next, we make the formwork and fill the foundation with prepared concrete. If bubbles appear during pouring, then remove them with a special tool. Now, under the washing, we dig a drain hole with dimensions of 1.8 x 1.8 x 1.5 m and fill its walls with concrete.

After this, the foundation must be allowed to settle for 6-7 days. In the upper part, it is necessary to make ventilation holes, which should be located on walls opposite to each other. At the next stage, we build a blind area around the foundation. To create it, we take clay and mix it with rubble, pouring a layer 5-10 centimeters thick.

Now, along the perimeter of our foundation, it is necessary to lay roofing material. It will be best if it is laid in several layers. It should extend beyond the dimensions of the base by 50 millimeters. In order to build walls, you can use factory wall kits if desired. You can also cut the timber into blanks of the length we need. They need to make special spikes and grooves. After that, in the initial row, we make markings in accordance with the installation of the reinforcement and drill holes 25 millimeters deep, after which you can proceed with laying the first crown of the bath walls. To do this, we put it on the pins, we connect the bars, after which we seal the connection points.

Then we put the second row, drill holes that will go half the height of the first row. Now we pull out the second row and drive dowels into the holes of the first at 1.5 parts of the height of the timber. After that we fill the next row. Now we connect the crowns with dowels, and we insulate the grooves with jute. We also leave room for doorways. And thus we build a bath with a steam room up to a certain level of height.

Now we cut the beam ceilings into the upper crown, and the rafter ends into their lower ones. The upper ends should be connected in the ridge. Between the rafters we take steps of 1–1.2 meters, after which we nail a board for the ridge and a crate to them. A vapor barrier and waterproofing are laid on top, which can be foil, after which we put some roofing material on top, for example, slate. Also, it is necessary to foresee the presence of embedded pipes in advance. After that, we can say that the frame of the bath with a steam room is ready.

Ceiling: proper ventilation

In order to reduce the high humidity in this type of room, as well as prevent the appearance of mold and mildew, the steam room in the bath must have a really efficient and reliable exhaust ventilation mechanism. Such a system will be the best solution for the timely removal of excess moisture and the supply of clean air from the street. According to experts, it is best to make a supply and exhaust ventilation mechanism in rooms of this type, which will have a built-in air duct.

In this case, the supply channel should be located near the firebox in the lower part of the steam room. The hood in this case should be installed in the upper part of the opposite wall almost under the ceiling. The size of the exhaust duct should be twice the diameter of the supply duct.

And you can regulate the air flow with the help of the most common built-in valves.

Floor

The installation of the floor can be done immediately after the frame of the room has been built. If we are talking specifically about the steam room, then here the floor level should be significantly higher than in other rooms. Consider how to properly lay the floor.

We put logs from a wooden beam on an already prepared foundation, after which we nail boards on them. The distance between them should be 6-9 millimeters, and between the floor and the ground, the distance should be at least half a meter. After that, we make holes for ventilation.

It should be said that the concrete floor will be more durable and stronger, but its cost will be significantly higher. In the washing room, where the shower cabin will stand, and in the steam room we tear out a pit 12 cm deep for water to drain. Its walls are made of concrete mortar. On top we lay a crate of metal. From here, the water will drain into the sewer drain. When it is ready, we make a screed. To begin with, we need to mark the points to which the floor level will be brought, after which we measure the distance from them in order to fill the screed. Now it is necessary to level the ground and remove a little of the top layer, after which we pour a layer of sand up to 45 centimeters, moisten it with water and tamp it well, making a slope towards the drain.

Now pour the first five-centimeter layer of concrete mortar. After the screed dries, we roll out glass isol or roofing material on it, after which we lay a layer of thermal insulation half a centimeter thick. On all this we put metal reinforcement from the mesh, on top of which we pour the second concrete layer already 10 centimeters thick. Now we level the concrete and remember the slope of the drain. A tile or other floor covering is placed on top of the entire structure.

Walls: "pie"

If the walls of the steam room are made of foam blocks or using the so-called frame technology, then they require additional insulation. In fact, inside we should receive a thermos, where cold air will not enter and which will retain the heat coming from the stove. This will make it possible to significantly save resources that will be spent on heating, as well as maintaining a certain temperature regime here. In fact, you need to create a "pie" of the wall. So it is called because the materials are stacked in layers, which makes it look like a pie.

Before starting, a hole is made in the wall where the stove will be installed. After that, a windproof film is fixed on the walls and bars 5 centimeters thick and 4 centimeters wide are screwed. The step between them should be equal to the width of the insulation tiles. After that, a basalt insulation, which belongs to the category of non-combustible, is quite tightly laid between the mentioned bars. Now you need to nail the waterproofing to the bars. It is best to do this with galvanized staples. As protection, you can use one of three options:

1. waterproofing bath membrane;
2. high density foil;
3. penoizol based on foam type foil.

Strips of one of these materials are nailed using the same staples with an overlap of at least 15 centimeters. All joints must be sealed with a special adhesive tape, and only then slats with a thickness of 25 mm and a width of about 40 mm are fastened with galvanized screws every 70 centimeters from each other. Now we evenly install the crate using a laser level.

Its installation starts with 2 rails along the edges, between which a cord is pulled, which serves as a guide for nailing other crate elements. After that, the lining board is already attached. To fix it, you can use special galvanized nails. After that, it remains to make holes in the wall for ventilation, which must be masked with plugs or dampers.

If necessary, you can mount a fan in one of the ventilation holes.

Installation of windows and doors

As mentioned above, the construction of a separate steam room does not provide for the installation of windows, so artificial lighting will be more than enough. By the way, we should not forget that for all windows it is required to make thermal insulation of the blocks, which will entail additional costs. Alternatively, you can mount 1 blind window measuring 50 by 50 centimeters. In order to make the steam room really of high quality, you should definitely buy the best double-glazed windows that have maximum efficiency in terms of heat and sound insulation.

Naturally, you need to make doors in the steam room. It should be understood that the door frame is at a level lower than usual, and the threshold is slightly higher. Such a solution will reduce heat loss and prevent drafts from forming. The optimal height of the threshold is considered to be thirty centimeters. The door is installed in such a way that people entering it cannot get burned from the material heated during the operation of the steam room.

The tree has good thermal conductivity, which is why it is better to sheathe the door on both sides with foil and special insulation. And from above they can be disguised with the same clapboard.

An alternative to such a solution would be to simply purchase and then install glass doors. Outwardly, they look great and will be perfectly used in any conditions that may arise.

Finishing and arrangement

For finishing, you should choose a suitable tree. We are talking about oak, cedar, larch or linden. Sheathing should not be made of resinous wood such as pine. Before installation inside the wood, it is better to treat it with oily substances. Such impregnation will reduce the hygroscopicity of the material. Clapboard decoration starts from the ceiling. It is mounted on the crate using the mechanism of spikes and grooves or fastened with the help of clamps.

When the lining is mounted on the ceiling, work begins with the walls. Sheathing will go in parallel with the installation of shelves and occur in a certain sequence. First, with the help of a level, we mark the surface of the walls. At the same time, markings are underway on how the sunbeds will be placed with all the elements, including the backrests.

After that, the side and front of the shelves are sheathed. After that, the rest of the walls are sheathed. Now it remains to carry out the installation of skirting boards, both ceiling and floor. Sheathing details are usually used only in a special case, if it is fitted at the joints very inaccurately one under the other. It should be said that at this point it is necessary to be careful, because moisture can begin to collect in the gaps, which can cause the development of fungus and mold in these places.

Already at the end of the work, doors are mounted, as well as various lamps and fixtures. The wires must be carefully insulated so that moisture does not get on them and a short circuit does not occur, followed by fire.

In addition, after that, you can, for example, make a couple of hangers or additional shelves to place some accessories.

It should be noted that the most beautiful bath is obtained by those who want to introduce some of their own ideas into it and do something non-standard. Yes, and the steam room is a room where any material can become a work of art, whether it be wood, stone or metal. The main thing is that imagination and finances allow you to realize your ideas.

You can make a steam room with your own hands, although this requires a considerable amount of knowledge. At the same time, if everything is done really correctly, then you can be sure that it will turn out just as well as if you ordered the development of the project and its subsequent implementation from professional builders. In addition, the technology of self-creation of such a building has already been tested by more than one person and has proven its high quality and viability. In general, if you want to build a steam room with your own hands, then thanks to the knowledge described above, you can implement such an idea without any problems.

In ancient Russia, the steam rooms in the baths were by no means of such a miniature size as is popular today. And all because the whole big family was steaming at the same time - otherwise why would the stove be heated two or three times? But in many modern baths, not many square meters are allotted to the steam room - for yourself, but for the guest. But, given that there are certain fire and sanitary standards, it becomes clear that it is not so easy to determine the dimensions of the hottest room in the bath and put the stove close to the shelves. So after all, what is the optimal size of the steam room and how to take into account all the nuances? This article will tell about it.

Huge bath and recreation complexes with swimming pools, a billiard room and gyms in the Moscow region are pleasing to the eye and seem like the ultimate dream, but is it worth doing the same scale in Russian on your site? Or is it better to allocate an old garage for your bath and start working miracles on a minimal area, like the Chinese? Let's see what sizes of the steam room are optimal for pleasant bath procedures.

The width and length of the steam room: all the pitfalls

The main task of the steam room is a sufficiently high temperature. For a sauna, it can reach 100 ° C, and for a Russian bath, the one that is closer to body temperature is most comfortable. And for this, close radiant heating from the oven is needed at about 40-50 ° C - it is then that the so-called reflex heating of a person is turned on, which ensures the maximum effect.

Further, heat is transferred to a person in the steam room not only from the stove, but also from the surrounding air. And in this regard, the proximity of the location on solid fuel is dangerous - their radiant heat is small, but they can heat the air too much, which will lead to skin burns. That is why it is impossible to build a small steam room in any case - it is life-threatening, no matter what the height of the shelves in the steam room and no matter what screen the stove closes.

But with an electric oven, the large dimensions of the steam room are a pointless undertaking. After all, then the cost of electricity will not pay off with any comfort.

So how do you determine the size of the steam room if the stove has already been selected in advance? The following calculation will help here: thermal radiation in space tends to propagate in such a way that its intensity always weakens inversely with a value equal to the square of the distance from the radiation source. This means that vacationers who will be at a distance of three meters from the stove will receive exactly four times less heat than if they were sitting just one and a half meters from the source.

This is precisely the minus of the steam room being too large - in order for the heat to reach a person in the right amount, you will either have to simply heat this stove or overheat the air, both of which are clearly harmful to health. On the other hand, heat dissipation is also a necessary component of bath procedures, and the larger the steam room, the better this process takes place in it. This is why compromise is so necessary and why the steam room should not be too big or too small.

The height of the steam room: how to please everyone?

Of course, the higher the ceiling height in the steam room, the more fresh air in it and the more comfortable a person feels. But still, experienced builders call the optimal height for such a room 2.2-2.4 meters. Why? Isn't it low? The thing is, if you “raise” the ceiling of the steam room by at least another 10 cm, then the total volume of the steam room will immediately increase by half a cubic meter, and fuel and time for kindling will have to be spent not even in a proportional increase - but much more. That is why it is not worth doing a ceiling above, but below 2.1 meters it is no longer possible.

And in order to optimize the interior space of the steam room as much as possible, you simply need to minimize the floor surface and increase the area of ​​the canopies. So, it is desirable to completely drown out the space under the shelves in order to reduce the heated volume, which will save fuel for the stove and the warm-up time of the steam room. And the correct dimensions of the shelves in the steam room are three canopies, each of which is about 35 cm high, with the top being the widest.

Of course, it cannot be said that both a miniature and a bulky steam room are irrational. You just need to take into account the recommendations that were posted above, and know what to expect from both a barrel bath and from a la a complex near Moscow for a large friendly company.

The first stage of preparation for the construction of a bath or sauna is the creation of a project that contains the dimensions of the entire building as a whole and each room separately, the height of the ceilings, the lines for laying communications, etc. It is very important that using the erected bath was not only pleasant, but also convenient. To do this, it is necessary to determine the optimal size of the bath, the number and purpose of the premises.

It is worth noting that the universal size of the bath simply does not exist. Everyone selects the dimensions in accordance with their needs, height, takes into account the number of possible visitors, plans the frequency of visits. If someone has enough bath-baby in the country, then there are those owners who immediately aim at the construction of a capital multi-storey bath complex, where it is pleasant to spend several hours in a row in a pleasant company.

Baths for year-round use and seasonal buildings will differ in size. If in the first case it is necessary to insulate walls, floors, ceilings, install a heating system, then for baths that are operated only in summer, such measures are unnecessary.

The main room, without which it is impossible to imagine a bath, - steam room. A furnace (metal or brick) and shelves must certainly be installed here.

Washroom or shower. If communications are laid in the bathhouse (water supply and sewerage), then it makes sense to install a shower corner or a booth, a pouring bucket, you can also place a font here. If hot water is heated in the tank, and cold water must be brought in buckets, then several troughs, basins, tubs and other containers are placed in the shower room, in which it is convenient to mix warm water. The shower head with this option replaces the usual ladle.

To save space, the washing room is equipped directly in the steam room, without separating these rooms with partitions and a door. Usually this option is acceptable for small suburban seasonal baths. However, from the point of view of hygiene, it is not worth washing in the steam room (heated soap can be harmful to health).

bathroom. Opinions about the need for a toilet in the bath are ambiguous, it is worth operating with the amount of free space in the bath and the possibility of laying communications. An alternative to the classic toilet bowl is a peat or liquid dry closet. Usually the restroom is located in the washing room, installing a partition with a door, a screen or a curtain. In a two-story bath, it makes sense to install closets on each floor, and ideally, complement the restrooms with a compact corner washbasin.

Dressing room, dressing room and rest room. You can't do without this space. Here they usually change clothes, store firewood, drink tea. The more free space, the more comfortable you can equip the room by adding a fireplace, a pool table, a seating area, TV, etc. But in this case, it is better to separate the dressing room, the dressing room and the rest room directly. And in the dressing room of the most modest-sized bath, a bench or a sofa, a hanger, shelves for shoes, a table (possibly folding) must fit. In any case, the project is drawn up in such a way that from the dressing room it is possible to get into the restroom, shower room, steam room. There may be two different entrances to the washing room and the steam room from the dressing room, or the path to the hottest room in the bath will lie through the shower room.

In the photo - a small dressing room

The bath, which will be operated in the cold season, is recommended to be supplemented vestibule to prevent heat leakage from the bath and the appearance of drafts.

View from the side of the pediment to the bath 3x6 m with a vestibule

Additional premises: swimming pool, gym, terrace, bedroom on the second floor, phytobar, massage room, boiler room, laundry room (a room with a washing machine and a closet for clean linen), an attic where brooms are dried.

Bath 6x6 m with an attic, project

Comparison of the dimensions of the bath and lumber

Masonry made of bricks, foam, gas blocks is good because the building can be absolutely any shape and size. In any case, the number of hewn bricks (blocks) is negligible.

Another thing is baths made of timber, logs, gun carriages. To reduce the amount of unused trim, it is worth choosing the dimensions of the bath in accordance with the length of the lumber. The most demanded length of timber and logs is 3, 4 and 6 meters.

Edged timber prices

edged timber

Table. lumber length

On a note! Deviations from the nominal length from -25 to +50 mm are allowed (technical requirements according to GOST 8486-86).

In addition, logging companies sometimes sell timber and logs 9 and even 12 meters long.

Standard corner joints for timber and logs are:

• 45 degrees.

Pay attention to these indicators when calculating the area of ​​\u200b\u200ba bath with a bay window, as well as the amount of lumber consumed.

What determines the size of the bath

The first thing that determines the size of the bath is whether it is freestanding or serves as an extension to the house. In the second case, one of the walls of the house will turn into a partition between the bathhouse and the main building.

Also, the size of the bath depends on the size of the site and the amount of free space. It is irrational to build a bathhouse 12x12 meters on six acres. And, on the contrary, on a plot of a couple of hectares, you can safely place a bath complex of any size.

It is worth choosing the size of the bath according to the number of visitors. If you plan to go to the steam room in splendid isolation, then a modest building of 2x3 or 3x4 meters will be more than enough. For a large family, it is better to choose a larger size, from 6x6 m to 6x12 or more, of course, if you do not plan to take turns in the steam room.

Important! Do not forget that the area of ​​​​the premises also depends on the thickness of the walls and partitions, the presence or absence of wall insulation, and decorative finishes.

It is better to choose the dimensions of the steam room itself, starting from your preferences - whether you like to steam sitting or lying down, sit on a shelf with your knees bent or lie stretched out to your full height. But do not rush to build a steam room of an immense area, so as not to spend too much time and resources on warming up.

Table. The minimum dimensions of the bathhouse and the rooms in it for 1-2 people when seated

Table. The minimum dimensions of the bathhouse and rooms in it for 2-4 people when placed lying down

You can refer to GOST 52493-2005, which regulates the work of baths and showers. But this set of rules was developed for public baths, and therefore for an individual builder it is only advisory in nature. Paragraph 5 of GOST states that the dimensions of the bath itself and the rooms in it may vary depending on the climatic conditions of the area and national traditions.

The height of the rooms in the bath

A prerequisite is that there must be a threshold before entering the steam room, or the level of the entire floor of the steam room should be 10-15 cm higher than the floor level in the washing room or rest room. In the washing room, it is recommended to make the floors 3 cm lower than the level of the final coating in the rest room.

There is a tradition according to which the height of the ceiling is chosen. They measure the height of the tallest member of the family and make a margin so that it is convenient to wave a bath broom. The result is from two to two and a half meters. The optimal ceiling height is 210 centimeters.

If you make the ceiling too high, it will be very convenient to sit on the top shelf and steam, but the volume of the steam room will increase, and this will lead to unnecessary fuel consumption to warm the room.

If you want to sit on the top shelf, then take a distance from it to the ceiling of 100 cm. For the “lying” position, fifty centimeters is enough, but it can be too hot, because the temperature distribution in the steam room is not uniform:

• the lowest temperature on the floor;
• every 30 centimeters the temperature rises by about 10°C.

The main thing is that the upper shelf is higher than the stones in the stove (the heater is usually located one meter from the floor), then the atmosphere will be the best.

There are norms for the location of windows in the bath:

• the bottom of the window opening should not be less than 120 cm from the finished floor line;
• in showers and soaps, this value is one and a half meters.

Building area

Ideally, each visitor to the bath should have from 1.3 to one and a half square meters of space in the dressing room or 1 m2 in the steam room. The optimal washing area for one person is 2.25-2.4 sq.m. Between the shower stall (or bench in the soap room, bench dimensions 0.5 x 0.9 meters), more than 80 cm of free space should be left for ease of movement. In fact, this area can be slightly increased for greater comfort.

The optimal usable area of ​​the bath for 2-3 people with three rooms (shower room, dressing room and the steam room itself with an area ratio of 1.5: 2: 1) is approximately 10 square meters.

How do you know if the planned area will be enough for you? The easiest way is to outline all the walls and partitions in steps. In winter, it is better to do it on the snow, and in summer, mark with sand or stretch the ropes.

“Tread” on the snow the dimensions of the future bath

layout

Even if you correctly determine the optimal dimensions of the bath for yourself, but make the layout irrationally, the level of comfort will be lowered.

Consider the option of planning a bath, mistakes made and methods of reorganization.

On the plan we see a bathhouse with three rooms - a rest room, a washing room and a steam room. The rest room and the washing room are walk-through. The stove is heated from the rest room (with a remote firebox).

Pay attention to the plan of the shower. There are: toilet, shower, washstand. Most users are unlikely to be satisfied with the prospect of washing in the toilet, so you should not install the toilet in this way.

It is better to mount a shower cabin of a closed type, since water from the shower tray will be sprayed in all directions and this threatens the appearance of fungus, and if the floors and walls are made of wood, then their service life will be significantly reduced. It is much better if water is collected from the floor and a pouring bucket is installed.

If you look at the rest room, then a soft corner and a table are irrationally installed here. It will be extremely inconvenient to carry firewood and heat the stove.

Be sure to consider the size of the furniture that you will install in the rest room. The more luxurious the corner sofa and oak table are, the more free space they will occupy. Conversely, a modest bench with stools and a folding table will save a few centimeters of floor space.

Pay attention to the installation diagram of the furnace. With this option, the chimney will be located far enough (about one and a half meters) from the ridge, it will be inconvenient to clean it (and chimneys in bathhouses become clogged very often).

If you like to run out into the snow or a font immediately after hot procedures, then such a layout is not suitable, because you have to run through two rooms at once, the heat will subside during the run, and the pleasure from contrasting procedures will decrease. And when you return back to the steam room, then fill the floors with water in both the rest room and the shower room.

The plan for the reorganization of the space is as follows:

• Let's start with a couple. Move the door a little to the left. We move the shelves to another wall. We move the stove closer to the entrance, now it will be much more convenient to admire the fire through a transparent portal. A similar position of the furnace is also more correct from a technical point of view, because the chimney will be located closer to the ridge and you will not have to make it (the chimney) too high. It will be more convenient to clean the chimney while standing on the roof (if the pipe is located further than half a meter from the ridge, then cleaning is unsafe and inconvenient);

• the shower room should have insulated floors with a sloping screed (0.01 - 0.015 according to SNiP II-L.13-62), non-slip tiles and a drain for collecting and draining water;

• there will be no toilet or washbasin inside. Instead of a shower cabin, it is better to install a pouring bucket and a wall-mounted shower, as well as a bench on which it is convenient to sit and wash;

• in the rest room we move the windows and the door. Now there is a free corner where the cupboard and washbasin fit perfectly. It is convenient to cut a snack on the locker. You can also put an electric stove and a kettle there (relevant if you plan long feasts in the bath).

A similar plan can be reflected in the other direction, if it is more convenient. After all, hardly anyone wants curious neighbors or passers-by to look into his bathhouse through the windows. We recommend that the windows themselves be located to the west in order to spend less on lighting.

As for the dimensions, such a layout is good for baths with dimensions of more than 6x6 meters. If you build a bath according to the original plan of 4.5 x 4.5 meters, then even a sofa will not fit in the rest room, you will have to bathe alone and, most likely, standing.

Conclusion

You can build on your own site not only a classic Russian bath, but also a Finnish sauna, a Turkish hammam. If you could not determine the optimal size of the premises for yourself, visit public bath complexes or pay a visit to friends and neighbors. Estimate how much space is needed to comfortably accommodate in the steam room, while not momentarily burning yourself on the stove and not pushing your elbows with other visitors. In the hammam, measure the sunbeds and consider the location so that it is convenient to walk between them.

Do not over-save and reduce space to a minimum. Cramming into the bathhouse, like a herring in a barrel, few people like it. The exception is mobile baths, in which the account of free space goes to centimeters.

Video - Minimum dimensions of the bath