Make a brick oven. We are learning how to fold a brick oven with our own hands. The main important stages of masonry do it yourself

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Brick heating stoves are still very popular. You can make them yourself if you wish. In order to facilitate the work, drawings of brick ovens have been created. Following the instructions and recommendations on, you can build structures such as in the photo.

Any oven consists of the following parts:

base (does not connect to the foundation of the building);
the ash pan ensures the flow of air into the combustion chamber, accumulates ash, which can later be removed through a special door;
the firebox, separated from the ash pan by a grate (grate or rods), has a door for loading fuel, firewood burns in it;
a chimney is a pipe through which combustion products are discharged;
smoke circulations (their labyrinth circuits are needed to absorb heat from hot smoke).

Brick ovens have such characteristics as traction, power, efficiency, type of fuel used. The draft depends not only on the height of the chimney, but also on the section, the quality of the masonry. Ready-made schemes of brick heating stoves save the craftsmen from carrying out complex calculations (more details: "").

Russian oven: drawings of brick ovens

Previously, such designs were found in every home, but now they are already a rarity. Despite this, the Russian stove can successfully fit into the interior of the room. They are also not only a heating device - they also have a hob.

For laying the furnace, the following materials will be required:

solid red brick - 1610 pieces;
a view for a valve measuring 0.3x0.3 meters - 2 pieces;
dry clay mortar in dissolved form;
samovar 14x14 centimeters - 1 piece;
damper 43x34 centimeters - 1 piece. See also: "".

The pipe of the Russian stove is traditionally laid out of brick, however, modern technologies make it possible to install a round structure of good tightness with safe and convenient passage through floors and roofs (read also: "").

To work, you will need the following tools:

trowel - for laying and leveling the solution;
pickaxe - a multifunctional hammer with a blade located perpendicular to the axis of the handle. At its other end is a square windshield;
bubble level for masonry and hydraulic for the first row;
rule - serves to align the bricks of each row;
plumb lines - one of them must be permanently attached to the axis of the chimney (overlap), and with the help of the second, the verticality of the corners is checked;
brush - needed for grouting;
cord - it is pulled over each row of masonry.

Drawings of brick ovens for any type of house are as follows:

Cooking chamber. For masonry, a 3/4 ground corner brick with locks is used.
Under. From the back there is a slope, for the purpose of which the space is covered with sand, on which the brick is laid.
Covering the bottom. The structure is covered with bricks along bars, corners or sheet blanks.
Vault with lock. In some cases a central lock is used, in others the last two symmetrical bricks are used.
Rows to the lower vault. The laying of a brick oven is carried out in the usual way, in the future, a vault template assembled from chipboard or springs cut from wood is installed on top of it.
Wells. They are tied rows, in which they leave a hole leading to the undercook.
Underbay. Bricks are laid on foundation mortar, hollow stones are not allowed.
Code VK. For convenience, the bricks are cut to a wedge shape.
Covering the channel above the samovar. It is solid, only whole stones are used.
Holes are reduced above the shestak. The brick is cut in accordance with the drawing.
Wall alignment. At the same time, the overtube is reduced, the channel of the samovar is laid.
Installation of a samovar. The structure is closed with a separate cover.
View installation. To build in the structure, two rows are laid.
Chimney. The height of the pipe from the bottom to the top must be at least 5 meters. The upper rows form a visor that prevents precipitation from entering the chimney.

Thanks to this stove, high-quality heating of the house is provided.

Buslaevskaya oven: projects

The design has a built-in hood. The oven is small. It is ideal for any private home, as it allows not only to heat the premises, but also to cook food. Despite its compact size, the stove heats spacious rooms well, so there are ready-made ones.

Special schemes for laying brick ovens will help you get the job done without complicated calculations.

For installation, you will need the following materials:

doors - fireboxes (0.2x0.25 meters), VK (0.39x0.5 meters), blower (0.14x0.14 meters);
refractory - 43 pieces;
solid brick - 382 pieces;
oven-cabinet 28x33x50 cm;
cast iron stove 0.7x0.4 meters with burners (removable rings of different diameters);
valves - steam exhaust (12x13 centimeters) and smoke (12x25 centimeters);
grate - grate 30x20 centimeters;
corner - three blanks of equal-shelf rolled products 1 meter long and 45x45 millimeters in size;
steel - a piece of 0.3x0.28 meters;
strip - 4 pieces of meter (4 millimeters), 0.25 meters (2 millimeters), 0.35 meters (3 millimeters);
cast iron stove - 0.4 x0.25 meters; 40x15 centimeters.

Projects of brick ovens of this type are as follows:

Complete row.
The door blew.
Window opening for cleaning.
The bottom of the oven is laid out from refractory, three sides are lined with iron.
Installation of the furnace door, grate, under the furnace - refractory, cleaning cover, blower door.
DS installation.
Laying refractory on the edge around the LH.
Laying according to the scheme.
The upper coating of the oven with clay (1 centimeter) is carried out, the DT overlaps, a stove with burners is attached.
Installation of smoke circulation with cleaning windows, the plate is not laid.In the future, the brick is placed on the edge.
Cleaning is covered, channels are created, 25 cm strips are laid.
The cleanings are finished, the fixing wire is embedded.
The cap is installed.
Installation of the ceiling VK, while the hoods remain.
The stoves are laid out according to the scheme.
The small stove ends with sheet iron, the laying is carried out according to.
A cleaning hole of a large stove is laid out, the edges of the side walls of the channels are crimped.
Protrusion masonry.
The protrusions are duplicated and the corner is mounted.
The chimney of the BP overlaps similarly to the 19th row.
A three-row neck is made, the size of the chimney is reduced to a section of 26x13 centimeters for the top valve.
A chimney with grooves is created on this and subsequent rows.

The dimensions of the structure increase when using clinker facing bricks, so it is not recommended to use them instead of solid material. When finishing with tiles, durability is ensured (the material lasts for decades), in addition, it can be dismantled for facing other heating structures.

Sauna stove ordering: schemes

Projects of brick heating stoves show the location of fireclay and clay bricks in each row. Explanations for the order:

1, 2 row. A blower is created (window for air supply), dressing is used.

3. A window is left for the main chimney.

4. A damper, an ash pan door are installed.

5. A grate, a firebox are mounted, and a refractory is subsequently laid on them.

6. The shape of the chimney and firebox is repeated, doors are installed.

7-11 rows. The firebox ends on the 11th row.

12-14 rows. The heater box is installed.

15-16. The mine expands and halves by analogy with 6 next.

18. The cleaning door is installed.

22.23. The shafts are combined, while the edges of the brick are ground off. Then the shaft above the heater is completely blocked, only the chimney remains.

Frame structures can facilitate the installation process. In this case, the brick is present only in the outer walls, and all internal elements are welded from metal. This can speed up the process of laying the furnace. See also: "".

Furnaces often serve as interior decoration, so they are lined with clinker, tiles, tiles. The diagonals in the first row are carefully measured, and a plumb line is hung in the center of the chimney, which is removed on the last rows of the pipe. Also, the diagonals are controlled every 4 rows, and on each row a cord is pulled when laying, which is checked by the rule.

Instead of a cement-sand mortar, it is recommended to use clay, regardless of the type of furnace being built. Ready-made dry mortars significantly save time spent on clay preparation. So that the composition does not dry quickly, the brick must be moistened with water before laying.

Operating costs will be less if there are no rectangular ledges inside the structure. To this end, when creating an overlap (ledge), the stone is tried on without mortar, the line of overlap is outlined, and the excess material is cut off with a grinder. Internal seams during laying are regularly monitored, and excess mortar is removed from time to time. The pipe is cleaned after completion of work.

Brick ovens are laid out from several materials:

outer cladding;
masonry bricks (main structure);
fireclay - refractory material lays out places that are subjected to strong heat (furnace, under);
brick with high density edges - located inside the furnace.

Clay bricks cannot be mixed with fireclay, and ovens, hobs, rods and grates of grates, water tanks are not embedded in the masonry - this is due to different expansion coefficients during heating. If the metal elements are rigidly embedded in the masonry, then the structure will soon collapse. The drawings of brick heating stoves must be strictly observed in order for the construction to be reliable and durable (read also: ""). In addition, while working, you need to pay attention to several points.

The furnace seam should be no more than 5 millimeters for clay bricks, and 3 millimeters for refractory. It is forbidden to correct already laid bricks: the element is removed, the mortar is cleaned off, and then a new stone is laid. The foundation of a house or a bath must be removed from the base of the furnace by at least 5 centimeters, taking into account that in order to reduce heaving between them, the soil is replaced with sand. During the construction of a sauna stove with a firebox exiting into the dressing room, masonry must not be embedded in a frame partition, log house. The front wall of the structure is enlarged, joined with wooden elements and the gaps are sealed with non-combustible material (basalt wool is usually used). See also: "".

The rafter system, ceilings and the wooden house itself are fire hazardous. Therefore, when passing the furnace through these elements, it is necessary to follow the norms of SNiP.

In the ceilings, cuttings of the following types are created:

brick thickening (material consumption is large, the design does not look too beautiful);
a wooden box filled with non-combustible materials (expanded clay, sand, basalt wool);
sandwich of two pipes with internal heat-insulating material.

There are also multifunctional stoves that are capable of generating electricity, ensure the complete combustion of firewood, and have a heating circuit. Their ordering is more complicated, since they contain metal elements.

Drawings of brick ovens in the video with a good example of construction:

What is a brick oven in a country house? This is an opportunity to heat the house all winter long without using either gas or electricity. Moreover, the feeling of comfort that comes from the stove is hard to confuse with anything. There is nothing better than leaning against its hot wall at the end of the day, enjoying the warmth.

Modern construction technologies allow you to fold the stove in such a way that one good kindling will last you until the morning. In addition, a properly created design retains internal heat for 10-12 hours.

If you keep the fire in the stove a little bit, then you can heat it 24 hours a day with minimal wood consumption. In addition, it is not necessary to put firewood in the firebox. You can use special charcoal. But for this, the stove must be folded in a special way. Using a refractory stone that can withstand high temperatures.

It is also worth noting that furnaces can have many modifications. For example, the structure can be folded in such a way that a fireplace will also be attached to the stove. It will not take up much space, but will give even more warmth and comfort to the house. In addition, one pipe is quite enough to extract smoke from two fireboxes.

Types of ovens

The history of the evolution of furnace structures goes back many centuries. It is not surprising that putting together a heat-efficient and reliable stove is a real art. But with proper preparation and diligence, you can do it yourself, here is a good video instruction:

The oven can be folded using a variety of methods. At the same time, there are a number of parameters that determine the specifics of the future stove:

Purpose.
The temperature to which the walls must be heated.
The time required to heat the walls and the amount of fuel needed for this.
The design of the chimney.
heat transfer level.
Scheme of the movement of gases in the channels.
The form.
Material for finishing the outer walls.
Main material.

Based on all these parameters, you will fold the stove of your dreams. The main thing at the initial stage is to draw up a drawing, with detailed diagrams. In the project, you need to describe in detail all the features of the future design. But before that, you need to decide what kind of stove you need.

Folding the heating stove is the easiest. It performs the main function - it gives warmth to people and the house. Such designs do not carry any additional functionality, but are reliable and easy to use, for which they have won many sympathies among summer residents.

Naturally, all heating furnaces are classified according to heat transfer, the time required for kindling and the degree of heating of the walls. It is on these parameters that you need to rely first of all, before folding the oven with your own hands.

If you expect to get a stove with moderate heat, you can fold it into one brick. Such furnaces heat up slowly and also cool down slowly. The average temperature of the walls is about 60 degrees.

Heating stoves cannot be called a refinement of architectural thought. But the massive design and simple forms create a sense of monumentality. In addition, if you skillfully lay down a brick in this stove, it can become an excellent element of decor.

Moreover, do not forget about the external decoration. After you fold the stove, you can plaster it and put tiles on top. Firstly, it will protect the structure from destruction, and secondly, it will give it a beautiful and aesthetic appearance.

Important ! Before you fold a brick heating stove with your own hands, keep in mind that it requires an extremely large amount of material.

Typical representatives of the family of heating furnaces include such designs as:

"Dutch",
OPT-3,
triangular oven,
Grum Grizhimailo oven,
OTP-11
Rectangular heating,
T-shaped.

These ovens are rarely very popular. The fact is that in order to put them together it takes a lot of time and materials, and the functionality turns out to be poor as a result.

Very often, in country houses, the owners decide to lay down the heating and cooking stove. This structure has a lot of advantages in comparison with a conventional stove. On it, without any problems and even with comfort, you can cook food using pine, birch or yew firewood.

Important ! About 90% of orders from stove-makers are for heating and cooking structures.

The main element of such a stove is a hob, which is made of cast iron. The oven is not built in everywhere, since in order to fold it, you need to show considerable skill. The most advanced designs have the following additional features:

chamber for baking bread,
couch,
niche for drying firewood,
water heating boiler.

In fact, the number of additional functions depends solely on your capabilities and desires. In fact, a real multifunctional combine can be folded from a simple stove, which will become the main decoration of the kitchen. It's not even worth talking about the economy. In addition, food made on such burners always tastes better.

Attention ! The level of efficiency in heating and cooking structures reaches 65%. The heat capacity is about 4 kW.

Such ovens are able to keep heat for a long time. Not only that, they provide powerful traction. The main thing is to put everything together correctly so that the smoke goes directly into the pipe, and not into the room. The most common designs:

"Swede",
Volkov oven,
"Housekeeper",
"Teplushka",
"Baby".

As you can see, there is a huge variety of heating and cooking stoves on which you can cook something delicious without any problems and for the benefit of the family budget.

Designs with heating shields are a cheap solution that includes all the functionality necessary for giving. To fold such a structure, you need a minimum of materials and physical labor. Enough 175 bricks for a full-fledged masonry.

Despite the minimal construction costs, the efficiency of the furnace is more than high. This type of stove is very popular among elderly summer residents because of its convenience and low cost.

To the side are the stoves for the bath. Usually these are simple heaters, not distinguished by any architectural delights. Their main role is to heat the water in the bath and effectively raise the temperature. Such heating furnaces can store heat for two days.

Advice ! The main advantage of heaters is the ability to fit any room.

Of course, the classification of furnaces is not limited to these types. In fact, there are a huge number of them, which are classified according to many parameters. The most popular systems have just been described.

What kind of brick is better to lay down the oven

It is necessary to distinguish ordinary heat-resistant brick from the stove. Firstly, the latter can withstand temperatures above 1000 degrees. Secondly, if it is sharply cooled, cracks do not form in the structure.

For the construction of stoves, four types of stove bricks are used:

Quartz. This brick is the result of firing sand and clay.
Carbon - made up of graphite.
Fireclay. Best for fireplace. But you can not discount its unique thermal insulation qualities. It can withstand temperatures up to 1600 degrees. At the same time, it does not crack and does not lose its qualities. The only negative is the yellowish tint.
The main one is used when you need to fold a metallurgical furnace.

In fact, there are no strict rules regarding the choice of materials for masonry during construction. Nevertheless, there are some recommendations that are best followed, the main one concerns fireclay bricks. It must be placed in the hottest places, namely in the area of \u200b\u200bthe firebox and chimney. For all other zones, the grade must be at least M-200.

Attention ! The best brick for the stove is the M-500 brand.

We make a stove with our own hands

Location selection

To fold a good heating structure, you need to choose the right place. The following standards must be taken into account:

From the smoke channel to the wooden structures must be more than 37 cm.
The minimum distance of the pipe from the ridge is one and a half meters. The height above the ridge is half a meter.
If it is 1.5-3 meters from the pipe to the ridge, it can be placed flush with it.

It is best to fold the stove in the middle of the house. This will ensure even distribution of heat and ease of use.

Materials and tools

In addition to brick, you will also need a number of other materials to fold the stove. These include:

clay,
sand,
fittings.

These are the main materials without taking into account the components, but you still need to take care of the vent doors, blower, firebox, and so on.

To put together a good stove, you need to knead the right solution. It is best to use special refractory clay, in extreme cases, you can use red. Grains of sand should be no more than 1 mm. The optimal ratio is achieved empirically. Usually it is 1 to 1 or 1 to 2. Plus 25 percent of the water of the total volume of clay.

Metal objects play a fundamental role in the construction of the furnace. To put together a decent structure, you need doors and half-doors, grates, cast-iron dampers, latches and views. All these elements, if necessary, can be made by hand, but you will need to purchase iron sheets.

Of course, without good tools, folding the oven will not work, you will need:

pick hammer specially for the furnace,
Master OK,
ruler-rule,
wash brush,
roulette,
plumb line,
level.

With this simple toolkit, you can fold any oven.

The process of building a stove

For the foundation, a foundation pit is dug, backfilling and a reinforced frame are made. The resulting structure is poured with concrete. Before you fold the stove, make sure you have brick patterns in front of your eyes.

When working, it is very important to keep order. Otherwise, it will not work to fold a high-quality oven. The slightest deviation in the design will lead to the fact that one of the channels will be blocked. The result is more than deplorable. Smoke instead of going outside through the chimney, will go into the room.

The first row is placed along the cord. Each next masonry is checked with a level. Corners are controlled by body kits. After the masonry is completed, furnace equipment is installed, for example, burners. The pipe is brought out at the very end. To find out in more detail, how to fold oven watch the video below:

For the device of stove heating of small country cottages or country houses, in order to save materials and money, it makes sense to choose projects of heating stoves made of bricks of small dimensions and simple in execution. Then, having acquired building materials in accordance with the project, you can get down to business on your own, having previously studied how the laying of stoves is done with your own hands.

Heating and cooking stove

What type of stove to choose?

At the very beginning, you need to decide what the design of the furnace will be in your home. To do this, you need to study the existing types of stoves for the home and choose the appropriate option for yourself from the proposed list:

Dutch channel-type stoves and the like take up the least space, are the easiest to build and are undemanding to materials. They work more in the mode of slow burning or smoldering, the efficiency is low - 40%.
The chamber-channel Swedish brick oven for the home is more efficient than the “Dutch”, its efficiency is up to 60%, it also takes up little space, but is somewhat more difficult to implement. In addition, building materials should be selected very carefully.
Russian stoves are the most efficient, their efficiency reaches 75%, but laying the stove is extremely difficult, it will not work without an experienced specialist.
A heating and cooking stove with a built-in water heat exchanger is the simplest version of a heater. Its construction will take the least materials, and the simplicity of the design allows even a beginner to do all the work with their own hands, only a serious and scrupulous approach is needed.

Advice. If you have completely no experience in masonry work, then for self-construction it is better to choose a "Dutch" or a hob, the construction of stoves - "Swede" is somewhat more complicated and requires experience in this matter. As for the Russian stove, it is not recommended to take it on yourself.

Next, you should understand where and how much space you are ready to allocate for construction, as well as the number of rooms heated by the stove. If the house is small, then the heat source can be placed in the wall between the rooms, so that each one warms up from the back or side wall of the brick oven. The figure shows examples of the placement of various heaters inside the building.

The first diagram on the left shows the placement of a stove for a brick house with a stove bench in the bedroom and heating of other adjacent rooms: living room, hallway and bathroom. The second diagram shows where you can put a heating and cooking stove with hot water for hot water. Between the two bedrooms it is planned to build a "Dutch" type heater with the output of the loading chamber to the living room. The third diagram shows an example of a country house, where the same stove heats the kitchen and bathroom, and there is a fireplace in the living room.

The principle by which the placement and construction of the furnace takes place is simple: direct heating from its walls should capture as many rooms as possible, and when this does not work out, it is better to use furnace schemes with a built-in water heating coil. In this case, the rest of the rooms will be heated by heating radiators.

masonry brick

In order for a do-it-yourself brick oven to work efficiently and durable, it is necessary to choose the appropriate building materials for its construction, in particular brick. Not only the strength and durability of the structure depends on this choice, but also its thermophysical properties that provide comfort in your home.

It is especially important to choose the right quality materials if you are planning to fold the Swede oven. For the "Dutch", the requirements for the quality of bricks and masonry mortar are not so high.

Previously, brick ovens were entirely made of red clay bricks, but now they are used in 2 types:

red ceramic brand 150;
refractory fireclay.

In the past, the sizes of stove bricks and ordinary building bricks were different. If the dimensions of the building single are 250 x 125 x 65 mm, then the stove stone was 230 x 114 x 40 mm or 230 x 114 x 65 mm. In our time, for convenience, the dimensions have been unified, so the selection is reduced to assessing the quality of the material. Here are some recommendations for acquiring the material from which brick heating stoves are laid:

Stones should be purchased in the same size.
You can not use a hollow brick, and even more so silicate. Only a full-bodied ceramic stone is needed.
For facing masonry, it is better to take stones with a decorative texture, if it is not planned to finish the walls with additional tiles or other facing material.
In the combustion chamber, the brickwork must be refractory, made of fireclay stone.

Work instructions

After the scheme of the heating furnace is selected, a foundation device is required for it. The exception is small "Dutch" and heating and cooking stoves, which do not exert a large load on the floors. The latter can be erected directly from the cement floor screed, having completed all the measures for thermal and waterproofing, discussed below.

In other cases, the heating furnace should rest on a foundation, preferably a monolithic reinforced concrete foundation. Its dimensions make it 50 mm larger than the dimensions of the building itself, the thickness of the plate is 100-150 mm, depending on the load. The foundation is performed separately, not in contact with the base of the building.

Before making a brick oven, the foundation slab must stand for at least 2 weeks, after which waterproofing is laid on top of it (roofing material in 2-3 layers), followed by sheets of asbestos or basalt cardboard for thermal insulation. Then a sheet of roofing steel and a felt litter are laid, from which the laying of the stove begins. The litter must first be wetted, and after laying, allow it to dry to the metal. Now you can proceed directly to the construction of the walls.

First of all, you should figure out where to start laying. For this, there are special schemes, they reflect in detail each row of stones, starting from the base and ending with the chimney. When you have chosen a certain type of heat source and found or purchased project documentation for its construction, then it necessarily shows the serial laying of furnaces of this type. Below, as an example, is the order of a small "Dutch" with a size of 520 x 520 mm.

Next, you need to prepare a mortar for laying stoves from white or yellowish clay with the addition of quartz sand in a ratio of 1: 1. In this case, it is not recommended to use water with a high content of calcium and magnesium salts (hard water). Before cooking, the clay is soaked in water and left for a day, after which it is passed through a sieve with a cell of 3 x 3 mm. This process is carried out by wiping, since a mixture of clay and water cannot otherwise be passed through a sieve. Then sand is added and kneading is done with a gradual addition of water. The final solution in consistency should resemble thick sour cream.

The sides of the masonry stone have their own names, they determine the type of masonry. The traditional laying of brick ovens is spoon and bonder. This means that from the front side of the wall we can see the sides of the stone with the corresponding names. Bed laying is extremely rare, and for the construction of stoves it is not allowed at all. The wall is built with dressing, that is, the vertical seams between the stones should not match.

The process starts from the first row and on, constantly referring to the diagram, which shows the ordinal masonry. In this work, there is no need to rush, the emphasis should be on quality. It is better for a beginner to first lay each row dry, without mortar, based on the drawings. After making sure that the laying is correct, apply mortar to the bricks and lay them finally.

Remove excess clay, achieving a joint thickness of not more than 3 mm and not less than 2 mm. In some places, it is possible to make thickening of the seam up to 5 mm. The stone must be put immediately in place, moving and tapping is not allowed. Excess clay mixture removed from the stones cannot be used again.

Additional instructions for masonry to be followed, for convenience, are given in the form of a short list:

Each stone is placed, resting it on 2 others.
The first and last rows are bonded.
To avoid delamination, vertical seams are filled with mortar.
The bricks of each subsequent row must overlap the stones of the previous one by at least ¼ of the length.
Coincidence of bonder and spoon rows is not allowed.
The hemmed sides of the stones are placed inside, and not outside the wall.

To lay out a brick oven yourself, it will take a lot of personal time and patience. There are no irresponsible nodes or parts here, each brick matters. If you approach the issue carefully and responsibly, the result will be healthy warmth and comfort in your home.

What is home comfort? This is when it is warm in winter and cool in summer, walking on a pleasant to the touch, non-icing floor covering, comfortable furniture and a cozy bed for you and your children. Children fall asleep faster and sleep better when it is warm and comfortable to sleep on soft, children's mattresses. https://mebelsait.dp.ua/detskie-matrasy.

When you think about building your own home, there is a desire to make it warm and cozy. Modern gas and electric boilers, converters, etc. cope with heating the house, but they cannot create a cozy atmosphere. That is why stove heating is being actively used again.

The stove is a highlight of design, and an economical heating device. For laying the stove, it is much easier to find an experienced stove-maker. But this long-forgotten craft has just begun to gain popularity, and there are very few experienced stove-makers. Therefore, a reasonable question arises: “How to fold a brick oven with your own hands?”.

Properly laying out an oven requires a lot of effort, and you will also have to study many instructions for laying brick ovens.

Types of furnaces

The first step is to choose a stove that is right for you. The most popular are:

Dutch;
Russian;
Swede.

Dutch

This design was created by Russian craftsmen. The design is not complicated and does not require much space. But this does not prevent her from giving off the accumulated heat well.

Russian oven

Large-sized and multifunctional oven. But its size justifies the presence - free space where you can relax. Under the bed there is a firebox, you can cook food in it. There is a stove next to the firebox, and a blower a little lower, which supports the fire. There is also a niche for freshly prepared food.

A Russian stove can easily warm up a room whose size exceeds 40 square meters. But for a full-fledged robot, a lot of raw materials will be required.

Swede

Relate to compact options. In length and width - 1 meter. The main function is to heat the room, but you can also cook food on it. The unusualness of such a stove is that a stove is built in the kitchen, and the rest will be in another part of the house.

This design is flammable. But the risk of fire is reduced by dampers.

Construction rules

A homemade stove must meet fire safety requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to the preparation for construction.

Decide on the location of the furnace.
Prepare the correct drawing.
Buy quality materials for construction.
Purchase of tools.
Draw up a cost estimate.

Properly drawn up drawings will become your main assistants, since it is the drawings of a homemade brick oven that help to avoid many mistakes. Ready-made plans can be found on the Internet.

When choosing an installation site, you need to take into account the area of \u200b\u200bthe room and the type of furnace. It’s difficult to calculate everything on your own, so it’s easier to use a reduced brick oven model, a photo of which is on the Internet.

Choice of working tools

When laying the stove, measuring, construction and many other auxiliary tools are used:

Jointing - floods the solution into the seams and gives the joints an aesthetic appearance. It will come in handy if the oven is left without cladding or plaster.
Trowel.
Pickaxe.
Solution shovel.
Plumb.
Furnace line.

materials

The heat transfer and durability of the furnace will depend on the material that was used in the construction. Therefore, this stage is very important.

For cladding, ceramic bricks are used - grade M-500. It is insensitive to temperature changes. And the combustion chamber must be laid out only from refractory bricks.

In addition to brick, it is used:

Screened sand.
Clay - normal fat content.

Foundation for the furnace

The basis for a homemade oven is made at the time of construction, since a brick oven requires a strong foundation

First, they dig a hole. It should be noted that the width and length of the pit should exceed the size of the foundation by 20 cm

After the pit is leveled, and half covered with sifted sand, well compacted and leveled. Waterproofing is laid on top of the sand, and formwork is placed. Further, all free space is poured with a solution of concrete, bringing it to ground level. Be sure to check the surface for horizontality with the help of a building level.

After 5-6 days, the concrete should harden. After that, the formwork is disassembled, waterproofing is laid and the foundation is brought to the floor. There are two ways to bring the foundation to the floor:

lay out of brick;
re-build the formwork, filling it with concrete to the beginning of the floor. All voids are covered with sand, ramming it.

The recipe for concrete mortar - one part of cement contains 2.5 parts of sand and four parts of gravel.

masonry process

The masonry mixture is prepared from sifted sand and clay. Clay is left in water for a couple of hours, after which it is sifted through a sieve.

First, the outer layer, which consists of bricks, is assembled, and then the middle. There should be no voids in the seams, so fill them with a clay mixture.

The first rows are built with solid bricks. The sutures of the first row require dressing. After the first rows are ready, the brick will have to be cut.

The chopped side of the brick should be inside the masonry. This rule is also used in the construction of smoke paths. The chimney is built of red burnt bricks. And the opening of the firebox is created using a metal corner, a “castle” layout.

Photo of brick ovens

No private house is complete without a traditional brick heating and cooking stove. And although today many houses are equipped with gas heating, most owners are in no hurry to abandon the brick oven, as it gives a special warmth - the warmth of the hearth, filling the home with comfort and a sense of calm. In addition, in regions rich in forests, you can significantly save on natural gas consumption by acquiring firewood.

The desire to make redevelopment in the house, including the transfer of the heating and cooking stove, can often rest on the nuances and subtleties of the stove business. You will learn how to fold the oven with your own hands in this material.

There are many types of furnaces, but not all are used in private construction.

Types of stoves for private houses:

heating(fireplaces, sauna heaters);
cooking(the oven is exclusively for cooking);
Universal(heating and cooking).

The latter variety is considered universal, therefore it is most common in private construction.

The device of the furnace and its properties

After reviewing the sketches and designs of brick ovens, and choosing a specific option, you should pay attention not so much to its external design as to its internal structure. The device of the heating and cooking furnace determines its performance, and ultimately its service life.

The internal design of the heating and cooking stove does not depend on the location of the appliance itself in the house. The kitchen stove can be located in the middle of the room, in the corner or against the wall.

The main structural elements of the heating and cooking furnace:

Shantsy (heat-air channels);
Ash pan (or blower);
grate (for connecting the firebox with the ash pan);
Under (slope to the grate);
combustion chamber;
Burnout (chimney);
The vault of the firebox (separates the combustion zone from the afterburning zone in the combustion chamber);
Air vent (hole through which heat enters the heated room);
outer wall;
Smoke circulation (Channel connecting the combustion chamber with the chimney);
overlap;
Chimney;
Indent (the space between the chimney and the stove);
Smoke dampers;
Heat dissipating walls.

The heat output of the furnace is determined by the amount of heat energy released by the furnace per hour, and depends on the amount of fuel used. Heat capacity (the ability to store heat from burned fuel) is measured in hours. Different stoves have different levels of heat capacity, which also depends on the degree of insulation of the walls and ceilings, windows and doors of the house.

The location of the stove in the house affects the amount of heat. A house with a stove in the middle will be warmer.

Russian stove and its device

A Russian brick oven is installed on the foundation, since its device is quite massive. In its design, the Russian stove includes a sub-stove used to store fuel, which dries in it and easily flares up when the stove is melted. The stove is closed with a vault-trough, on which the filling is poured on a solution of clay. The bottom of the cooking chamber is installed on top of the bedding.

The Russian stove has a special design, which differs significantly from the traditional heating and cooking stove in terms of heat transfer coefficient and other parameters. During heating, even for a short time, the Russian stove accumulates heat and is able to give it away for 24 hours.

In order for the Russian stove not to consume excessive amounts of fuel, not to smoke and not to cool down in a matter of hours, it is important to follow the exact masonry technology and dimensions that the scheme includes when installing it. The bricks that form the interior of the oven are hewn and polished so that the walls inside the hail are even and smooth.

Also in its design, the Russian stove includes a combustion chamber, which is its heart. The firebox is divided into a cooking chamber or a bakery and a firebox (crucible). The floor of the furnace has an inclined design, which must be made exactly according to the drawing when installing a Russian stove.

The crucible is the main secret that Russian cuisine hides. Some dishes after cooking should languish in the cooking chamber for a long time. It is not possible to achieve such an effect or create similar conditions for preparing dishes of Russian cuisine using a familiar hob or electric oven.

The main secret that distinguishes the Russian stove from the traditional one is the smoke channel of the simplest design, which in its efficiency surpasses the devices of smoke channels of other stoves.

Do-it-yourself Russian oven device (video)

Design choice

The choice of the type of furnace depends on the conditions of its operation:

Heating and cooking stove. If you are planning an intensive use of the stove in your home, it is better to choose a heating and cooking stove with a massive device and regular heating. In the device of such a furnace, its structure, consisting of many cold bricks, is first warmed up, then heat transfer begins.
The furnace is heating. For a house in the mountains or a summer house where permanent residence is not planned, a fireplace will be enough. Although it has a small heat capacity (2 - 3 hours), it is able to warm up the room much faster than a massive stove. This design will allow you to quickly warm up in the cold season.

A brick heating stove can be installed with or without a foundation. The lightest construction is assembled into a quarter of a brick (the brick is placed on the edge). In order to give it strength - a frame made of metal corners is used. A massive oven requires a foundation, which should not be connected to the support of the building. In the case of a separate chimney, it also needs its own foundation.

Determining size and power

The level of heat transfer of the heating and cooking stove must exactly fulfill the possible heat losses, which depend on the temperature outside the house, as well as the degree of insulation of walls, windows, doors, and ceilings.

The size and design of the future furnace determines its power.

Furnace device. Where to begin?

The laying of any furnace cannot be started without a project or drawing, which should include the location and dimensions of the structure, as well as the chimney outlet without disturbing the supporting elements of the structure. It is also necessary to calculate the heat transfer coefficient of the furnace. The scheme or project of the future furnace is compiled on the basis of this calculation.

It is quite difficult to create a project or drawings of a heating and cooking stove on your own, so you can use the services of a design organization or information on the Internet.

Tools and materials

When the furnace project is approved, it is possible to prepare for its laying.

To fold the oven with your own hands, you must have on hand:

Stove-maker's hammer (trowel);
Master OK;
Building level and plumb lines;
measuring tape;
Cement-sand mortar;
Hand power tools (hammer drill, grinder, etc.);
Red brick;
Refractory brick (fired);
Facing brick;
Mortar for masonry of clay and sand;
Heat-insulating and moisture-proof materials;
Furnace fittings and appliances.

Do-it-yourself oven laying. All stages

Like any construction process, laying a stove with your own hands is done in stages.

The scheme of this process includes the following points:

Foundation arrangement. The foundation can be laid not from a whole brick, but from a battlefield. The foundation is not used for all furnace structures, but if you are building a Russian or massive furnace, you cannot do without its device.

In no case should the support of the future furnace come into contact with the foundation of the building, since they have different settlements and in case of skew, the furnace may crack and its operation may be disrupted, and this is a fire hazard.

The depth of the foundation depends on the weight of the furnace structure and its design, and the support area must exceed the overall dimensions of the furnace by at least 5 cm around the entire perimeter. The foundation is leveled with two rows of fired bricks on cement mortar to the floor level. When forming the first row of masonry, it is necessary to achieve a flat horizontal surface in accordance with the level, since the quality of the construction of the entire furnace will depend on it. This is followed by a layer of waterproofing, as a material for which ordinary roofing felt or roofing material can be used, the material is laid in two layers.

Furnace lining. The first row is laid out on top of the waterproofing. Brickwork from each row should be started without mortar, leaving gaps between the bricks equal to future seams (3 - 5 mm). Next, a mortar is laid in place of the corner brick and leveled with a trowel. The brick itself is immersed in water and kept there until all the air comes out. The “recessed” brick is removed from the water and correctly laid on the mortar with a trowel tapped on it for leveling. Excess solution is removed with a trowel.