Heaters for internal walls home is enough actual question for suburban buildings, because their walls are usually quite thin and poorly retain heat. To reduce heating costs country house, it is necessary to properly insulate the structure. If a external insulation impossible by design features buildings, the thermal insulation is made from the inside. When choosing a heater for walls inside a house in a country house, not only the price of the material is taken into account, but also its characteristics, installation features.
The choice of heaters for internal works huge, but not all materials can be used for thermal insulation of walls
Advantages and disadvantages of internal insulation
This type of insulation has several disadvantages:
Due to the size of the insulation, the useful area of the room is reduced - for small spaces this is especially critical.
Due to the displacement of the dew point (condensate), if the technology is not followed, condensation and mold may appear on the walls.
The premises may not be used during work.
Cheap wall insulation can adversely affect human health.
But it is this method that many prefer, which is explained by positive aspects internal insulation:
Work can be carried out regardless of weather conditions, which allows you to warm the room several times faster.
The technology of internal insulation is cheaper than external.
It becomes possible to align the walls and change the interior of the room.
Dew point offset at internal insulation walls leads to accumulation of condensate
The formation of condensation on the walls is the main problem of internal insulation. There are several methods to solve it:
use quality vapor barrier membrane;
choose a heat-insulating material with a minimum thermal conductivity;
as finishing material it is better to use moisture resistant drywall;
organize additional ventilation in the room.
How to choose the right heater
Choice heat-insulating material affect the features of the premises and the budget for future work.
Types of heaters used for internal thermal insulation
Most often used for interior work:
mineral wool;
Styrofoam;
penoplex;
ecowool;
sprayed materials.
When choosing a material for internal insulation country house a number of parameters should be taken into account:
Thermal conductivity of the insulation- the lower this indicator, the better.
Frost resistance- suburban buildings are heated in winter period not constantly, therefore, the insulation will inevitably be affected by low temperatures.
Durability- having saved on insulation, you may be faced with the need to replace the heat insulator after 4–5 years.
Environmental friendliness- the material for internal insulation should not emit harmful substances.
In addition, the compatibility of the insulation with the material from which the walls are made is also taken into account. The calculation of the thickness of the insulation is carried out based on the thermal conductivity of the material itself, as well as the thickness and type of the walls to be insulated.
Often there is a temptation to choose the cheapest insulation for walls inside the house in the country, not really delving into the study of its characteristics and carrying out preliminary calculations. This approach leads to disappointment with the results of thermal insulation, the appearance of additional problems in the form of mold, fungus, and condensate.
The main problem with improper internal insulation is mold formation.
But it also makes no sense to purchase the most expensive insulation, to make several additional layers to insulate walls in the country. To find golden mean, professionals who encounter such work regularly will help to make competent calculations. A competent choice of insulation for interior work, compliance with technology - that's real way save.
Mineral wool for wall insulation inside the house is one of the most popular and common materials.
Mineral wool is the most popular material for insulation
It is a fibrous material. The fibers are formed by spraying certain types slag or basalt. Thanks to this production technology, the material is environmentally friendly, natural.
On our website you can find contacts construction companies, which offer the service of warming houses. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".
Properties of mineral wool
Cotton wool does not burn, which is important when used in wooden houses.
Characteristics different types mineral wool
This heater has several other advantages:
Resistance to biological organisms. Does not promote the formation of fungus and mold.
Good soundproof characteristics. Randomly superimposed fibers of mineral wool perfectly delay sound waves.
It is not subject to shrinkage, which retains the properties of this type of insulation throughout the entire service life.
The ability to pass air, which allows you to maintain a healthy microclimate in the room.
The correct functioning of the insulation is possible only in combination with additional moisture insulating materials. When exposed to water, mineral wool loses some of its thermal insulation properties. Over time, the mineral wool is able to disintegrate into fibers, which requires the replacement of the heat insulator.
It should be borne in mind that mice and other small rodents can arrange nests and passages in glass wool. So country house before insulation must be protected from rodents.
Mice have chosen glass wool for nesting
Features of mineral wool insulation: the need for additional materials
It is necessary to work with cotton using means personal protection– small particles of fibers can get on the mucous membranes and cause irritation.
With such insulation, the finishing material for wall decoration is drywall. For its fastening to the wall, a metal profile and suspensions are used. Warming is carried out in the following order:
Waterproofing is fixed on the wall - any will do roll material. Via construction stapler waterproofing is attached to the wall, at the joints the material is laid with an overlap of about 15 cm.
Vertical markings are applied to the wall in increments of 60 cm for the convenience of attaching drywall sheets (its standard width is 120 cm).
After marking, metal suspensions are attached to the wall - dowel-nails are used for this.
Mineral wool is put on suspensions, the entire wall is consistently filled.
After that, metal profiles are attached to the suspensions, and a vapor barrier film is attached to them.
With the help of self-tapping screws, drywall sheets are attached, the joints are puttied.
The stages of wall insulation with mineral wool, followed by plasterboard finishing, can be found in the video:
The result is an insulated wall, ready for fine finish. It can be both puttying and painting, and wallpapering.
The cost of mineral wool
Mineral wool is a relatively cheap insulation. Sold in slabs or rolls. Standard sizes plates:
-
1000x600 mm;
1 200x600 mm;
Material in rolls can be picked up various lengths- from 5 to 12 m.
Cost per 1 sq. m of mineral wool is:
50 mm thick - from 50 to 100 rubles;
100 mm thick - from 105 to 210 rubles.
When choosing mineral wool, it is necessary to take into account not only the dimensions of the plates, the thickness of the insulation, but also the need for additional materials needed to carry out installation work.
Styrofoam
Budget material, almost 98% air. 2% falls on the main component of raw materials - polystyrene. It can be used as a heater for walls outside the house in the country and from the inside.
Foam specifications
Properties and advantages of foam
Among the advantages of this material:
Versatility and ease of installation. This material is used for insulation of any structures. It is easy to cut, installation does not take much time.
Low price. One of the cheapest heaters.
Security. During operation, it does not form dust and harmful fumes. You can work with it without protective equipment.
However, polystyrene is a combustible material, in direct contact with fire, the sheets light up easily, and the release of harmful substances begins.
Advice! Insulate with foam wooden buildings undesirable.Does not pass steam, practically does not absorb moisture. A significant disadvantage is the attractiveness for rodents. Rats and mice easily make moves in foam plastic, equip holes.
One of the disadvantages of polystyrene is flammability
Features of wall insulation with foam
Instead of guide metal profiles, you can use wooden bars. This method is very convenient when working with foam. The thickness of the foam sheet should be equal to the thickness of the bars, which will be guides for attaching insulation between them.
Depending on the width of the foam, the step of fixing the bars to the wall is selected. Waterproofing is fixed on the surface of the entire resulting structure. Styrofoam sheets are tightly inserted into the resulting recesses between the timber - this avoids additional fixation. If necessary, the joints are filled mounting foam.
After filling the entire wall with insulation, it is closed with a protective vapor barrier. Sheets of plywood are fixed on top, the joints are puttied - the surface is ready for finishing.
Wall insulated with styrofoam
Cost, foam dimensions
Standard sizes of foam sheets:
The thickness can vary from 20 to 100 mm. The cost of foam depends on the density of the material, manufacturer and region.
You can buy foam plastic 50 mm thick in Moscow from 50 rubles per 1 sq. m.
Extruded polystyrene foam
Thermal insulation material, the basis of which is polystyrene, as in polystyrene. But thanks to manufacturing technology, penoplex, technolex and other similar materials have the best performance characteristics than their counterpart.
Comparison of the characteristics of foam and extruded polystyrene foam
Main advantages:
perfectly retains heat in the room;
due to its small thickness, when insulating walls inside the room, it practically does not reduce the usable area;
light weight and ease of installation - properties similar to foam;
environmental friendliness - does not emit toxic substances and does not require protective equipment during installation work;
availability - the material is relatively inexpensive.
This material is universal, used as insulation for walls outside the house in the country, from the inside, for the floor and ceiling.
The video shows tests of foam for strength, fire safety in real conditions:
Another popular insulation for walls inside the house is penoplex, the price and quality of which attract buyers with its good ratio.
This material can be attached to the wall without additional preparation. It does not need waterproofing, since it does not let water through, but some experts argue that the film will not be superfluous. Due to its small thickness, it can be fastened with glue or dowels of nails with large caps. After filling the wall with insulation, it is plastered.
This heating method is suitable for smooth walls. If there is a need to level the plane, then you can not do without guides.
Walls insulated with foam
Penoplex cost
Standard dimensions of extruded polystyrene foam sheets:
Insulation thickness - from 10 to 100 mm (depending on the brand of material).
The price of a package of insulation depends on the size, thickness of the material, the manufacturer and the number of boards in the package.
For example, Penoplex Comfort will cost:
1254 rubles for 18 plates measuring 1185x585x20 mm;
1252 rubles for 12 sheets - 1185x585x30 mm;
1234 rubles for 9 plates - 1200x600x40 mm.
Cellulose-based insulation, which is made from waste paper and paper waste. The bulk of the insulation is 80% cellulose fiber. There are additives that prevent combustion and reproduction of microorganisms - boric acid and borax. These additives are practically not harmful to humans.
Ecowool - safe insulation
Ecowool is a good heat-insulating material, which with its properties is practically not inferior to others. But it has much more significant shortcomings:
Loss of thermal insulation properties over time - ecowool is subject to shrinkage.
Costly installation. Spraying is carried out with special equipment. Basic skills in working with the material are required to obtain the correct layer of insulation.
Application features
For insulation with ecowool, various technologies are used:
dry backfill;
wet spraying;
wet adhesive plaster.
Each method has its own characteristics. For wall insulation, the wet method is most often used, which requires the use of special equipment, as well as an adhesive.
The use of special equipment for working with ecowool
Ecowool cost
Ecowool is packaged in sealed bags of 13–15 kg. The price for 1 kg of insulation is 30–40 rubles.
But the material consumption depends not only on the desired thickness of the heat-insulating layer, but also on the skills of the performer, compliance with the insulation technology.
Issue price
Mineral wool and polystyrene foam are the most budgetary insulation for walls inside the house, the price will depend on the size of the area to be insulated and the method of installation of the insulation. Penoplex is a more expensive material, but you can not build a frame to attach it to the walls.
It is not easy to choose the type, size, thickness of insulation without certain experience and knowledge.
The process of insulation with mineral wool and foam plastic is almost identical, and foam plastic can compensate for its price with economical installation work.
The price of ecowool is small, but thermal insulation works will require the use of special equipment, which will increase costs.
Conclusion
The choice of insulation method and materials depends on many factors. Before starting work, it is necessary to weigh the pros and cons between internal and external insulation, consider which heat-insulating material is suitable in a particular case, determine the thickness of the insulation, and the need for additional materials. Therefore, it is advisable to entrust the purchase of insulation to a competent contractor who will take into account all the features of the internal insulation technology and the wishes of the customer.
In the building materials market today, there are many different types of materials for insulating various types of houses.
These heaters differ in their characteristics, types (plates, mats and others) and places of application. They insulate walls, roofs, pipes (technical insulation), foundations, partitions and other elements of building structures.
By choosing the right insulation for your home or cottage, you can reduce your heating costs in winter and keep your home cool in summer.
Which insulation is better, what characteristics should it have?
Which insulation is better, and what characteristics it should have, is asked by everyone who is going to insulate their home.
When choosing a heater for a particular surface, many are mistaken that the maximum density and thickness of the insulation will keep more heat in the house. But this is not so, because all materials can be of the same density, but different in thermal conductivity, water absorption, mechanical strength and other parameters that you should pay attention to when choosing a heater. Below are also the main characteristics of heaters, which you should pay attention to when insulating a house.
The main characteristics of heaters:
- coefficient of thermal conductivity of the material (the amount of thermal energy passing through units of area, thickness, time and temperature difference)
- density
- mechanical strength
- water absorption
- vapor permeability
- fire resistance
- low caking for a long time
- harmlessness to humans (environmental qualities)
- ease and convenience in working with the material
The main types of insulation for the house
In most cases, home insulation is used:
Mineral wool
Mineral wool- different types of insulation minerals, which are conditionally divided into two groups:
Mineral wool
To obtain mineral wool, slags from metallurgical industries are used, the melts of which are blown through an extruder, forming wool fibers, which are produced in the form of rolls, mats and plates.
Mineral wool in rolls , usually used for pipe insulation, industrial equipment and roofs, and minplates and mats for insulation of facades, walls, floors, roofs and ceilings.
This heater, like any other, has its pros and cons.
Advantages of mineral wool
- the possibility of using it in the interior of residential premises
- incombustibility
- low thermal conductivity
- excellent sound absorption
- Environmental friendliness
- application temperature from -60 to 500 degrees
- cheap cost compared to basalt insulation.
Cons of mineral wool
High water absorption and caking. These two indicators greatly reduce its life.
Mineral wool manufacturers
In the building materials market, this moment produced a large number of mineral wool, with which you can solve various types of tasks for the insulation of the facade, walls, floor, roof, and other structures of the house.
At the moment, the most famous leaders in the production of mineral wool are the companies: TeploKnauf, Izover (ISOVER) and Ursa (URSA).
Basalt or stone wool
Basalt and rocks of the gabbro group are the most durable in the world. From their melt is made stone wool , which is produced in mats and slabs, using binder resins that are harmless to human health, and therefore it is used to insulate houses in all structural elements.
Advantages of basalt insulation
- Does not conduct heat
- Passes steam and does not absorb moisture
- Does not burn
- Not poisonous
- Does not cake
- Much denser and stronger than mineral wool
- Application temperature from -160 to 1000 degrees
Cons of basalt insulation
The only disadvantage of stone wool is the increased cost compared to other heaters.
stone wool manufacturers
Today, there are many manufacturers of stone wool, which produce it in a fairly large assortment, with which you can solve any problem related to the insulation of a house, industrial equipment, ventilation and pipes.
The most famous brands of stone wool are ROCKWOOL, PAROC and TECHNONICOL.
In most cases, when choosing stone wool, they stop at the choice trademark ROCKWOOL, because this stone wool is the cheapest among others, the manufacturer has a fairly large range of basalt mats and slabs, which can be produced in foil and wire, which is very convenient for insulating technical insulation of pipes and chimneys.
Styrofoam (expanded polystyrene)
Heaters in the form of plates various sizes and thicknesses are produced on the basis of polystyrene. They are labeled PSB-S
, which means expanded polystyrene suspension non-pressing self-extinguishing (EPS).
According to a special technology, polystyrene granules are foamed and pressed into slabs, which, as a rule, are used to insulate walls, foundations and attic floors with further plastering, because. This material is flammable and is afraid of direct sunlight on it.
Pros of Styrofoam
- Low thermal conductivity
- Ease of material and installation
- Good strength
- Does not let steam through (therefore, it is not recommended for warming the facade of residential buildings)
- Does not rot
- Does not deform or shrink
- Does not break down under UV light
- cheap cost
Cons of foam
- Flammability, although it self-extinguishes in the absence of a source of fire
- When burned, it emits a toxic odor that is hazardous to human health.
- Doesn't absorb noise well
Producers of expanded polystyrene PSB-S
The largest manufacturer of expanded polystyrene today is the KNAUF company (KNAUF), which produces a wide range of foam plastic under the trademark KNAUF Therm, of various thicknesses, densities and sizes, with which you can insulate lightly loaded surfaces.
Extruded polystyrene foam
Special production technologies make it possible to obtain extruded polystyrene foam
(EPS or XPS), which has all the same properties as polystyrene, only it is much stronger, has the properties of vapor permeability, low water absorption and does not burn, so it is perfect for insulating plastered facades, basements, flat roofs and sexes.
Cons of extruded polystyrene foam
- Doesn't absorb noise well
- when melted, it emits a toxic odor that is dangerous to human health
XPS manufacturers
The leaders in the production of EP today are PENOPLEX and URSA XPS. They produce a fairly large line of extruded polystyrene foam of various thicknesses, densities and sizes, which help to solve the problem of insulating surfaces with increased load.
Expanded clay
Expanded clay- this is one of the types of traditional insulation for horizontal surfaces, which is a small porous balls of baked clay. Usually this material is used for insulation of attic floors, foundations, basements and floors.
Expanded clay has an affordable price and has all positive properties. It does not conduct heat well, does not burn and is not poisonous.
Today, there are many materials that effectively retain heat indoors. They differ different characteristics. To pick up best option, you need to understand the features of each type of thermal insulation. This will help to understand the advice of experts. What types of insulation for walls from the inside are in demand today, as well as their features will be discussed in detail later.
Features of internal insulation
Heaters for the house inside have a certain set of qualities. Unlike external thermal insulation, in this case it will be necessary to apply only environmentally friendly clean materials. They should not allocate environment harmful substances, including at elevated temperatures.
Experts say that external insulation is much more effective than internal insulation. However, in some cases it becomes almost impossible to perform such work. Exterior finishes can be expensive. You will need to hire specialists who will perform such work. This is especially true for insulation apartment buildings. Only a specially trained master can work at height.
In some houses, the apartment is located in such a way that it becomes almost impossible to perform external insulation. Near outer wall a ventilation shaft may pass or emergency ladder. It is also worth considering that the appearance of some old houses cannot be changed. The authorities issue laws that do not allow external insulation in such buildings. It can be monuments of architecture, culture or history. Them appearance should remain unchanged.
However, when warming the house from the inside, the owners face a number of difficulties. Knowing the features of such work, you can avoid significant errors. If you mount a thick layer of insulation indoors, the area of the room will noticeably decrease. In the room, you will need to move away from the walls or take out all the furniture. Therefore, during the repair process, the premises will not be operated. Indoors, you will need to install additional ventilation and take a number of measures that will reduce the likelihood of condensation.
How to choose material?
Today, for home insulation, different materials are used for walls from the inside, as well as materials in the format of plates. They differ in thickness, density and other important characteristics. When choosing a material, you need to take into account the thickness of the wall, as well as the climate. You will also need to consider what material the walls of the house are made of.
Yes, wall insulation. wooden house inside, they will differ somewhat in their characteristics from the thermal insulation that is used in a brick building. When choosing, first of all, they take into account the lower this indicator, the smaller the thermal insulation layer will need to be installed in the room. This indicator is directly dependent on such a characteristic as hygroscopicity.
One of important indicators is the density of the material. For warming vertical structures acquire thermal insulation high density. It should not deform under the influence of gravity. Otherwise, the soft insulation will simply slide down.
Be sure to pay attention to the level of hygroscopicity. If the material is able to absorb moisture, at some point it will not be able to perform the functions assigned to it. Therefore, for such heaters, it is important to apply a layer of hydro- and vapor barrier.
Security
One of the important indicators when choosing thermal insulation is its safety. It must not burn and release into the environment harmful substances. Particularly high requirements are put forward to the insulation for the walls of a wooden house inside.
In this case, varieties such as extruded polystyrene foam or polystyrene are not suitable. These are materials that can burn. At the same time, they release harmful substances into the environment that kill faster than fire.
Types of materials and their cost
The cost of a particular material is not the last factor when choosing a heater. It is worth considering that today many materials are used for internal insulation. The most popular of them are the following varieties.
Often installers make insulation from mineral wool. It is sold in rolls or slabs. The second option is preferable, since the density and hardness of this material is higher. average cost this insulation is 150-160 rubles / m². The cost of this material varies significantly depending on the manufacturer, type of fibers and other characteristics.
Ecowool is much cheaper. Its price is about 35-50 rubles/kg. However, it is worth noting that this material is soft. During installation, you will need to lay it very tightly. Therefore, the consumption will be higher than that of basalt fiber slabs.
One of the most common and affordable materials for buyers is foam. It costs about 3-3.5 thousand rubles / m³. The cost depends on the strength class and thickness of the panel. Extruded polystyrene foam (EPP) is much more popular today. It surpasses polystyrene in almost all respects. The price of extruded polystyrene foam (50 mm) is 5-5.5 thousand rubles / m³. This material is strong enough to be used not only for wall insulation, but also for the floor.
Since the price of extruded polystyrene foam (50 mm) is acceptable for many categories of buyers, it is often purchased. However, it is not always possible to install such material.
Sometimes the owners of a house or apartment decide to perform polyurethane foam insulation. This material has a lot positive qualities. However, its cost will be quite high. It is 200-300 rubles/kg. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the additional costs of paying for the work of a specialist. You won't be able to do everything on your own. You will need to purchase or rent expensive equipment.
Foil heaters are relatively inexpensive. Their price depends on the type of base. The cost of thermal insulation, which is made of polyethylene foam, is 40-45 rubles / m². At the same time, the price of foil-based insulation can reach 140-145 rubles / m² or even more. The cost depends on the thickness of the material.
Styrofoam
Insulation from polyurethane foam and polystyrene is very popular today. This determines the acceptable cost of such materials. However, before buying, it is worth considering both positive and negative sides foam.
The advantage of this type of insulation is an acceptable cost. If we compare polystyrene with other types of thermal insulation materials, then repairs using it will be much cheaper.
At the same time, the level of thermal conductivity is low. This material perfectly copes with the tasks assigned to it. The heat stays indoors during the cold season. However, it is very important to properly mount and calculate the thickness of the foam. Almost anyone can install it. It does not take much time and does not require special skills. The master should only follow the generally accepted instructions.
Thermal insulation made of this material will be used for a long time. The material does not absorb water at all. Because of this, the rate of its destruction will be very low. However, it is worth considering that polystyrene is far from the best option for insulation. It is a combustible material that releases toxic substances into the air. It can not be used when finishing a wooden house.
The boards are quite fragile. They may break if not handled carefully. Rodents easily spoil this material. They create tunnels in it, which significantly reduces the thermal insulation characteristics.
The material is completely vapor-tight. As a result, it will be necessary to equip forced system ventilation. Otherwise, the appearance of fungus on the walls will be inevitable.
Extruded polystyrene foam
PPU insulation is considered a more acceptable option. differs in the improved characteristics, in comparison with polyfoam. These two materials are made from the same polymer. However, its processing is different. As a result, materials with different densities and thermal insulation qualities are obtained.
The thermal conductivity of expanded polystyrene is much lower than that of polystyrene. Therefore, it is used for warming not only walls, but also roofs and floors. The flammability index of this material is lower.
Also expanded polystyrene is much stronger. It has a low water absorption rate. In this case, even hydro- or vapor barrier may not be required. This material does not absorb water, does not pass steam. This makes it durable. However, this is also a disadvantage. The room will also need good ventilation.
Mounting the material is quite simple. How to fix the insulation to the wall from the inside, the standard installation instructions will tell you. To do this, use a special glue. Sheets do not deform, do not break like foam. This is a reliable, durable insulation.
The thickness of expanded polystyrene will be less than that of polystyrene at a similar level of thermal conductivity. Therefore, this material takes up much less usable area in the room. With internal insulation, this is a significant advantage.
Compared to Styrofoam, extruded polystyrene foam has fewer disadvantages. However, they are still there. The lack of vapor permeability is a significant disadvantage. The combustibility of the material is significantly reduced. However, it can still ignite. At the same time, harmful substances are released into the air. The cost of extruded polystyrene foam is an order of magnitude higher than that of polystyrene. This fact can also be attributed to the shortcomings of the material.
Extruded polystyrene foam is also not installed in wooden houses. It doesn't meet the requirements fire safety.
Mineral wool
When using this type of insulation, vapor barrier is not required. The material adheres very tightly to the wall. Moisture cannot penetrate through it. There will be no condensation on the back of the finish. Do-it-yourself insulation with polyurethane foam is quite difficult to do. To do this, you will need to rent special equipment. More often turn to professionals for help. They will do the job quickly, correctly and efficiently.
Foil heaters
Wall insulation with foil insulation from the inside is good option, since the thickness of the roll is only a few millimeters. Almost everyone can mount such material on the surface. This material consists of a base and a layer of foil. Upper layer reflects infrared rays of the spectrum, directing them back into the room. The underlay does not allow heat to pass from the room to the outside.
Today, there are many types of insulation for walls from the inside on sale. It is important to choose the right base material. It could be polyethylene foam. He is unable to provide high-quality insulation in room. This is additional insulation, which is most often mounted behind the battery. This allows her warmth to be reflected back into the room.
Also on sale are materials based on foamed rubber. This material can replace high-quality insulation, which can be used for finishing inner space. Rolls have different thickness. They can be from 5 mm to 1.5 cm thick. The thicker the substrate, the better material prevents heat loss in the room. Modern views insulation for walls from the inside allow you to install materials with your own hands.
Thermal insulation works not only in winter, but also in summer. If it is carried out correctly, then in cold weather the house will be much warmer, and cooler in the heat. Manufacturers offer a huge range today. Here not only traditional products, but also new modern materials. Building insulation are in rolls, in mats, in granules, in the form of powder, cylinders, similar to blocks and bricks, to slabs.
Types of thermal insulation
The most important characteristic thermal insulation material is thermal conductivity. The lower it is, the better. In fact, this indicator determines how much heat the material can pass through itself.
The main classification of heaters divides them into two groups:
- reflective type. The reduction of heat losses during installation of this type occurs due to the reduction of infrared radiation.
- preventive type. Their main quality is a low coefficient of thermal conductivity.
Preventive type thermal insulation is the broadest category. Consider the most popular samples and analyze their characteristics.
It is made from polyethylene granules, where a foaming agent is added when heated. The result is a porous material with good soundproofing and vapor barrier properties.
From the characteristics can be distinguished:
- thermal conductivity of the material - 0.043-0.05 W / m K;
- insulation density 25-50 kg / m³;
- maintains temperature in the range from -40 °C to +100 °C;
- the degree of water absorption is low;
- Good resistance to biological and chemical stresses.
Some manufacturers produce polyethylene foam with a foil outer layer (a new modern analogue), this option already belongs to the second category. And another product made of polyethylene foam - heat-insulating cylinders for pipe insulation.
Many ordinary people confuse polystyrene foam with polystyrene foam. It's two different insulation, where the first completely replaced the second, which had been used in construction for many years. Distinctive characteristic expanded polystyrene - its porosity. So 98% are pores filled with gas. And only 2% is the material itself. But at the same time, the insulation itself is very dense.
Here are its characteristics:
- thermal conductivity - 0.024-0.041 W / m K;
- vapor permeability (water absorption) - 0.017;
- bending strength 0.5-1.1 kg / m² (comparable to foam - 0.03-1.9 kg / m²);
- in construction, material with a density of 15-35 kg / m³ is most often used.
We add that this insulation is used for all types of building structures: floors, facades, roofing, foundations. They can be insulated from the inside or outside.
The Penoplex brand is especially popular today. Expanded polystyrene is also used to produce cylinders for pipe insulation.
This material is a mixture of water, polyester, emulsifiers, diisocyanate. Catalysts are added to this mixture, chemical reaction and polyurethane foam is obtained. This is a foamy liquid substance that is applied to building structures by spraying.
Characteristics:
- density - 40-80 kg / m³ (above 50 kg / m³ the insulation becomes moisture resistant);
- thermal conductivity - 0.018-0.027 W / m K;
- water absorption up to 0.05.
In private construction, polyurethane foam is rarely used, but with large volumes of work it is a sought-after material.
This insulation belongs to the group of inorganic heat-insulating materials. It is made either from slag or from rocks. The second option is more common. The raw material for production is basalt, limestone, dolomite and others. The binder is either urea or phenol. By the way, phenolic mineral wool is used in construction. She has a high coefficient of moisture resistance.
Characteristics:
- thermal conductivity - 0.031-0.05 W / m K;
- density - 75-150 kg / m³;
- withstands temperatures up to +600 °C;
- moisture resistance is not very high.
We add that it is an excellent sound insulator. Insulation is produced in rolls and mats. Manufacturers also offer cylinders made from this material. This is a non-combustible material.
It is made from the same raw materials as the glass itself. Compared to mineral wool, this insulation has a higher strength due to elongated fibers. Does not burn to chemicals passive.
Characteristics:
- density - 130 kg / m³, no more;
- thermal conductivity of the insulation - 0.028-0.52 W / m K;
- withstands temperatures up to +450 °C;
- high water absorption.
This material is made from waste paper and cardboard. Waste paper is also used, but in this case the quality drops dramatically. This insulation is most often used for warming crowns in wooden construction.
Characteristics:
- thermal conductivity of ecowool - 0.031-0.042 W / m K;
- material density - 30-75 kg / m³;
- vapor permeability - 0.3;
- insulation belongs to the group of moderately combustible materials;
- sound absorption at a layer thickness of 50 mm 63 dB.
Felt
Construction felt is a heater of animal origin. Most often it is used in wooden construction, where external walls, window and door openings are covered with this material. Often it is used as a heat-insulating layer for plaster. wooden ceilings and also, by mixing with clay, as insulation for chimneys.
To prevent felt from becoming a breeding ground for moths and other insects, manufacturers treat it with a three percent solution of sodium fluoride.
Characteristics:
- thermal conductivity of the material 0.06 W/m K;
- density - 150 kg / m³;
- tensile strength - 2-5 kg / cm².
This is a new heat-insulating material, the production of which is based on sawdust or shavings, finely chopped reeds or straw. Cement acts as a binder. Be sure to make chemical additives (liquid glass, alumina sulfate and calcium chloride), which increase the technical qualities of the material. The finished insulation in the form of blocks is treated with a mineralizer.
Characteristics:
- wood concrete density - 500 -700 kg / m³;
- thermal conductivity of the insulator - 0.09-0.13 W / m K;
- compression pressure - 0.6-3.6 MPa;
- for bending - 0.5-1.2 MPa.
This fibreboard insulation board is very similar to chipboard. But not only wood is used in its production. Instead, you can use straw, corn on the cob with the addition of waste paper. Synthetic resins are added as a binder, plus antiseptic and antiperine solutions, as well as water repellents. The form of production is a plate.
Characteristics:
- density - 250 kg / m³;
- thermal conductivity - 0.07 W / m K;
- bending strength is not more than 12 MPa.
Warming is usually done by installing plates on the crate. Most often used for interior work.
This heater is called differently. One of the names of mipor. Why? Because in the process of manufacturing insulation there is an intermediate stage, this is when water solution urea-formaldehyde resin is strongly beaten with the addition of sulfonic acid. This foamed solution is mipore. Then glycerin is added to it, which gives the material strength and organic acid, which acts as a catalyst for the solidification of the mass.
Penoizol is sold in the form of blocks or powder. The powder must be diluted with water and poured into the cavity. Solidification occurs at room temperature.
Characteristics:
- density - 20 kg / ³;
- thermal conductivity - 0.04 W / m K;
- starts to burn at a temperature of +500 °C;
- high water absorption;
- low passivity to chemicals.
Comparative analysis
In such a variety of thermal insulation materials, it is difficult to choose the one that will be needed specifically for certain purposes. We must pay tribute to the manufacturers who began to separate products by model. For example, insulation made of expanded polystyrene brand Penoplex. Models are offered only for indoor use, for facades, for roofs and so on. What is indicated on the packaging.
Let's compare some heaters with each other, after which it will become clear which one is best to choose for thermal insulation.
For example, let's take the famous Penofol brand - this is a foam polyethylene insulation. To begin with, the manufacturer supplies this heat insulator with a double-sided foil layer. Penofol 4 mm thick can replace 80 mm mineral wool rolls, 30 mm expanded polystyrene boards. In addition, there is no need to install hydro and vapor barrier.
But you can not use it for plaster. In this plan polystyrene boards win. You just need to put on them. plaster mesh and alignment can be done.
Mineral wool is the cheapest insulation on the market. But its cheapness is imaginary, because for installation it will be necessary to build wooden frame to be treated with an antiseptic. That is, all these costs will negate its cheapness.
Plus, mineral wool is afraid of moisture, and these are two more layers of protective materials. And still, together with expanded polystyrene plates, it is the leader in the category of modern heaters.
PPU
As for polyurethane foam, it is rarely used in private housing construction. Too expensive this pleasure. It is impossible to apply it with your own hands. Requires special equipment and permission to work.
Arbolit and penoizol
These materials are most often used for warming balconies and loggias. Both heaters today compete with blocks of cellular concrete.
Unfortunately, while they are losing due to the lack of promotion of the brand. Although according to thermal insulation characteristics foam blocks will not yield. But for the thermal insulation of facades, wood concrete is a good option.
Conclusion
These are the most popular thermal insulation materials in private housing construction. Of course, the market for heaters has not exhausted its range of products. There are completely new materials, for example, from foamed polyvinyl chloride.
There are long-used, for example, the same chipboard or fiberboard. Or combined option- honeycomb insulation, the shell of which is a layered plastic in the form of hexagonal honeycombs (hence the name), and paper, fabrics, fiberglass, cellulose, and so on are used as fillers.
Thermal insulation of walls from the inside often has to be used to save heat and money in already used rooms, where exterior finish is not possible. And the question of choosing the material for the work becomes the most important. What to choose? How ? Let's talk about it in this article.
materials
Styrofoam, or as it is also called - expanded polystyrene, is produced by polymerization of styrene. Heated and foamed granules can be used on their own, falling asleep in the ceiling. But most often on sale there are plates and blocks pressed from them. This type insulation has been used for a long time and successfully. It has both advantages and disadvantages.
Pros:
- high coefficient of thermal insulation;
- easy to install (easy to cut with a knife);
- moisture resistant;
- has a low weight;
- high vapor barrier;
- does not require additional waterproofing;
- retains properties for several decades;
- low price.
Minuses:
- fragile;
- low sound insulation;
- combustible (when burning, it releases harmful substances);
- rodents often start;
- not suitable as a wall insulation inside a wooden house (does not let steam through, which is necessary for proper circulation indoor air).
In order for the selected material to meet all the conditions, you need to use it correctly.
Mounting Features
Using foam for wall insulation, it is possible to increase thermal insulation even with thin slabs. Due to the fact that the foam does not allow moisture to pass through, there is no need to apply additional hydro and vapor barrier.
But, in order for it to work as it should, it is necessary to very carefully seal all the joints between the plates and in the places where they adjoin the structure. This can easily be done with polyurethane foam. In addition, some manufacturers foam boards made with a stepped edge, which allows you to connect them very tightly to each other.
Perfectly fastened to the walls with dish-shaped dowels or adhesive composition. Both methods can be used at the same time. Glue for fixing foam is best used in the form of foam. This composition acts as additional insulation.
Due to the strength of the foam, finishing can be done directly on it, without building additional frames. Thanks to him low weight, there is no overload of the walls. Compared, for example, with mineral wool, the same layer of foam will weigh 2-2.5 times less.
Scheme of wall insulation from the inside with foam
This no less popular insulation is made on the basis of rocks(basalt, slag), so it is also called "stone wool". It is produced in rolls and in pressed plates. The different density of the material are determined and thermal insulation properties, and cost.
But roll version used to insulate the ceiling or floor, while slabs are more suitable for walls. This material also has both advantages and disadvantages.
Pros:
- retains heat well in winter, and coolness in summer;
- high sound insulation (moreover, a looser material protects against noise, and a denser material protects from the sound of impacts from the outside);
- not combustible;
- in contact with open fire does not emit harmful substances and does not smoke.
Minuses:
- the security provided by certificates does not always correspond to the declared one;
- during installation, it is necessary to cover hands and face from the ingress of small particles;
- strong moisture absorption (in case of getting wet, it loses its thermal insulation properties).
Mounting Features
Ideal for wall insulation basalt wool made of very fine fibre. To work with mineral wool, it is necessary to protect the body and face. It is better to work in a respirator.
Choosing mineral wool as a heater, you should not hope for an excellent result. Its main disadvantage is high vapor permeability. It is several times higher than other materials for thermal insulation.
That is, any moisture from the outside will be easily absorbed. And since the wet mineral wool loses its properties, it very quickly ceases to act as a heater. Of course, this effect can be avoided by isolating the layer of wool with a film.
You can "solder" the plates into packages, although this will complicate the technology of their fastening to the walls. But all these precautions may be in vain, as soon as small holes appear in the waterproofing. If the cotton wool starts to get wet, then this will inevitably lead to smudges or fungus.
If you nevertheless chose mineral wool as a heater, then the easiest way is to lay it in a plasterboard structure, while it is imperative to make waterproofing. In addition to its direct purpose, the film is also designed to prevent the ingress of small particles of cotton wool into the room.
This type of insulation is one of the most famous and previously used. But now, thanks to more technologically advanced materials, the use of glass wool is receding into the background. This wadding is made from glass waste, which looks like fibers up to 5 cm long.
Pros:
- high resistance to vibration;
- high sound insulation;
- non-toxic;
- not combustible;
- high elasticity (can be pressed for storage);
- not subject to the formation of mold and fungus;
- pests and rodents do not start in it;
- low cost.
Minuses:
- short service life;
- some formulations contain formaldehyde;
- you need to work in a protective suit.
Mounting Features
The very first thing to think about before installing glass wool insulation is to protect your face and body. If the smallest particles of cotton wool get on the skin, they will cause severe itching. If it enters the respiratory tract, irreversible and serious health problems are likely. After work, you need to throw away all clothing and a respirator.
For laying glass wool, a crate sewn with drywall is used. Insulation is placed in the empty space, previously covered with a layer of film. You can first lay cotton wool in the crate, cover it with a waterproofing agent, and then sew it up with drywall.
It's made from cellulose boric acid and antiseptic composition is a modern and safe insulation. Outwardly, it is a loose, gray material.
Pros:
- natural composition;
- hypoallergenic;
- high thermal insulation;
- does not shrink and shifts even in a vertical position;
- can be used on metal structures;
- high sound insulation;
- fungus does not occur in it;
- not combustible;
- installation by spraying will fill all cracks.
Minuses:
- installation requires special equipment (installation is carried out by specialists);
- may start to smolder high temperature(next to the fireplace, chimney);
- higher cost.
Mounting Features
To insulate walls with ecowool, a special blowing unit is used, which crushes and then blows ecowool through a hose. Thanks to high pressure and fine structure, the material penetrates into all the cracks and hard-to-reach places covering the surface with a continuous monolithic layer.
You can also blow ecowool into finished cavities. If the surface is deaf, then small technological holes are drilled through which the material is blown. It can also be used for soundproofing interior partitions.
This modern heat insulator looks similar to ordinary paint. It contains antiseptic additives that prevent the occurrence of fungus. Compared to conventional heaters, for example, mineral wool, a layer of 1 mm hard-ceramic insulation will be equal in terms of thermal insulation characteristics to a layer of 50 mm of mineral wool.
Pros:
- service life is several decades;
- no need for vapor barrier;
- very easy to install;
- does not complicate further finishing;
- does not reduce the area of \u200b\u200bthe room;
- does not load the walls;
- good adhesion with any materials.
Perhaps the only drawback of this solution will be its higher cost compared to other heaters.
Mounting Features
Since the composition of liquid-ceramic insulation is similar to regular paint, then its installation is carried out in the same way - with a brush, roller or spray gun. The latter option is preferable, since the pressurized insulation will fill all cracks and hard-to-reach places. In addition, the consumption of the spray gun is lower than when using a roller.
Liquid insulation does not change its operational properties even at temperatures from -60 to +250 C⁰. The absence of steam and waterproofing makes the job much easier.
General requirements for materials
Wall insulation from the inside is not always a measure used, but if you decide on it, then there really is a need for it.
To do everything right and achieve the desired result, you need to follow a number of requirements for materials:
- low conductivity of heat from the inside and cold from the outside;
- long service life, the insulation should not slip and deform;
- the material must be non-flammable and not emit toxic substances during smoldering;
- water resistance and the ability to repel moisture;
- environmental friendliness;
- vapor permeability;
- the material should not attract rodents and be convenient for arranging their holes;
- compactness, which is especially important for small houses.
What material to use
When choosing a material for wall insulation from the inside, you need to focus on its main properties. So the foam does not let air through, does not breathe, but it is easily mounted without requiring a frame. Glass wool, on the other hand, easily absorbs moisture, requires careful handling and must be laid in a frame.
Ecowool is environmentally friendly, but it needs to be applied with special devices and preferably by specialists, this increases the cost of insulation. Liquid ceramics is quite expensive, but it does not require the creation of additional structures and does not reduce the area of \u200b\u200bthe room.
Whether you choose low cost, eco-friendly, moisture-proof or easy installation, remember that the main thing is to follow all the rules of insulation technology.
Wall insulation technology from the inside
No less important than the choice of material will be the observance of all the rules for the installation and operation of the heat insulator.
In order for the insulation to serve for a long time and with high quality, it is necessary to adhere to some rules:
- Provide the necessary insulation accurate calculation materials. Calculate Quantity required material can be calculated by knowing the area required for insulation and guided by the tables on the packaging of the insulation.
- Fasten the heat insulator tightly to the base. In order to avoid vaporization, which will occur in the air space between the heat insulator and the wall, it is necessary to try to avoid gaps between these two planes.
- The heat insulator layer must be closed waterproof film.
- Do not install sockets, switches, and other devices requiring through holes in the heat insulator casing. This is done for reasons of tightness of the waterproofing, the holes in which will lead to the passage of moisture to the insulation and, ultimately, to its damage.
- Ensure tight joints and adjoining material to the walls.
- Before starting work, make sure that surfaces are dry.
When starting to insulate walls, you must first properly prepare these same walls. For this wooden surfaces impregnated with antiseptic primers, concrete and brickwork is cleaned of dust and dirt, dried well.
Further, if necessary, a frame is assembled, into which the insulation will subsequently be laid. A frame is required when using mineral wool, glass wool, or similar sheet or roll insulation if it is not possible to stick them on the walls. For the construction of the frame, it is best to use a material similar to the material of the walls.
So, if you warm wooden house, then it is better to assemble the frame from wooden bars, soaking them with special antifungal compounds. If the room is built of brick or concrete, then it would be better to use metal profiles.
The insulation is attached to the walls depending on the type of material chosen. So soft sheets or rolls are laid in the crate, the foam is simply glued to the walls, the sprayed insulation is blown out with special devices, respectively.
The cost of insulation materials
Prices Construction Materials for wall insulation from the inside vary quite a lot. For some sellers, the cost depends on the volume of the purchase, and you can get a discount on a large lot:
The cost is approximate, check it on the websites of material sellers.
Also, to the cost of wall insulation, it is necessary to add not only waterproofing films and accessories necessary for installation, but also to think that if the room was already residential, then after wall insulation it will be necessary to make repairs.
- When buying fragile materials(styrofoam), it is worth taking them with a margin.
- Pay attention to the main indicator heaters - thermal conductivity.
- Materials for insulation must be environmentally friendly.
- All joints (heat insulator or waterproofing film) are made very tightly. The film is overlapped with adhesive tape, and the joints between the layers of insulation are sealed with mounting foam or acrylic sealants.
- Insulate partitions, which are adjacent to the outer wall.
- For additional moisture reduction on windows special control valves are installed.
- Ask sellers quality certificates.
