One of the majestic creatures that live on our planet. All of them were unusually huge in size and strong. Diplodocus was the tallest dinosaur in its period, Triceratops was, though smaller than Diplodocus, but stubborn and strong.
And the Tyrannosaurs, the most dangerous of the dinosaurs, what is one Rex worth. But not only such colossus inhabited our planet before the era of cavemen. Before the dinosaurs, there were worse creatures. Some of them were calm, because they knew that they were at the top of the food chain, they were predators.
But there is no limit to perfection, and there has always been a larger predator, which occupied the top of the food chain again. I wanted to tell you about those creatures that terrified even before the era of dinosaurs.
1. If you are an entomologist biologist, then you will definitely be interested in such an insect as Arthropleura. Anyone who hates cockroaches, beetles and other insects is very lucky that such something died out 300 million years ago.
It has long been established that the growth of Arthropleura in width reached 46 cm, and worst of all, that its length was truly frightening, 183 cm. Such a kind of carpet with legs. Mostly this beetle lived in swamps and to this day is considered one of the largest insects on the planet.
And the artopleura died out of the banal from the fact that the level of oxygen in the atmosphere significantly decreased, but still the researchers are not sure that this was the reason for their extinction.
2. Can you imagine a fish becoming a predator. Even such a monster was able to give birth to the earth and its name was Dunkleost. Not publicly, this fish is called in its period the king of the seas and oceans.
He had no analogues. It is known that it grew up to 10 meters in length and weighed 4 tons. It is noteworthy that the skin was armored, that is, no one could break through it. But not only their appearance was intimidating, the Dunkleosteus had a powerful bite, according to calculations, such a bite was equated to a pressure of 500 kg.
He was compared to a T-rex, he was so strong. The strength of his jaws was enough to bite the shark in half. They ate prehistoric sharks, which are many times larger than whites. These are the real kings of the oceans and seas. Fortunately, they did not manage to survive to this day, they died out about 370 million years ago. So we can say thank you to the planet and natural selection that we did not have the opportunity to cohabit with them in our time.
3. Carnufex. This is a prehistoric crocodile and this description should have been enough for you, since this monster does not differ from our contemporary in anything special. Although there are features. During the excavations of archaeologists, this two skeletons of such crocodiles were found.
These remains suggest that such monsters were up to 3 meters long. It is also worth mentioning that they are attributed to the ancestors of modern alligators. They lived about 230 million years ago. Here is another difference from modern alligators. Carnufex walked mostly on two hind legs, like people. Then the size of these animals was visible from the other side.
He had rather strong teeth and preyed on weaker mammals, his teeth biting through the thickest shells. But in the end, their species completely died out in the Triassic-Jurassic period.
Of course, I did not list all those who lived then, in the ancient periods before the dinosaurs. Who was hiding in the forests and rivers of that time? There were a huge number of such predators and everyone fought for survival? What do you think about this?
Dinosaurs (from the Greek dinosauria, deinos - "terrible" and saurus - "lizard") lived in the Mesozoic era, which is divided into three periods: Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous. Throughout the history of studying the remains of ancient lizards, paleontologists have been able to identify and describe over 500 different species of these reptiles.
Where and in what territories the ancient lizards lived, see the AiF.ru infographic.
When did the first dinosaurs appear?
The first dinosaurs, the archosaurs, appeared 230 million years ago. Typical representatives of the Triassic period were Placerias, Plateosaurus, Coelophysis, Cynodont, and Peteinosaurus. What dinosaurs lived in Russia from the Triassic to the Cretaceous periods,
During the Jurassic period, when a temperate climate was established on Earth, flying lizards appeared (Archeopteryx, Pterodactyl, Pterosaurus), as well as large predatory dinosaurs (Stegosaurus, Diplodocus, Anurognathus, Allosaurus, Ankylosaurus and others). The remains of some of them are paleontologists.
During the last period of the Mesozoic era, giant lizards lived on Earth, many of them reached 5–8 meters in height and 20 meters in length. Typical Cretaceous reptiles: Velociraptor, Seismosaurus, Tyrannosaurus Rex, Iguanodon and Culasuchus.
What dinosaurs lived on the territory of Russia in the Mesozoic era,
How many years did dinosaurs live?
Paleontologists believe that the lifespan of small species ranged from one to two decades, and large dinosaurs could live from 200 to 300 years.
Who inhabited the Tula region 300 million years ago,
Why did dinosaurs become extinct?
The changes that took place on Earth at the end of the Cretaceous period led to the gradual extinction of all types of dinosaurs. Possible reasons for the disappearance include:
- an asteroid that fell to Earth;
- sharp warming and climate change;
- strong earthquake or volcanic eruption;
- an increase in the number of mammals that ate the food familiar to dinosaurs.
What marine animals lived on the territory of Russia in ancient times,
When were dinosaur bones first discovered?
The first dinosaur skeleton was described in the 1820s by British paleontologist William Buckland.
When was the last time a dinosaur was discovered in Russia?
The last significant discovery was made in 2014. During the extraction of shale, an almost intact ichthyosaur skeleton was discovered.
Life on Earth arose about 3000 million years ago. It began with tiny single-celled creatures. Then other forms of life began to appear. But dinosaurs populated the planet only 200-230 million years ago. Scientists to this day put forward various theories about how dinosaurs appeared, and it is not known which of them is correct.
Ancient world
Different types of dinosaurs lived on Earth at different times: some species died out, others appeared. In general, the era of these creatures lasted more than 150 million years. If we compare the time of human existence with this period, then we live only 200,000 years. According to the official version, people and dinosaurs lived in different eras, but cave paintings, various archaeological finds, cast doubt on this version.
The very word "dinosaur" means a terrible or terrible lizard. These creatures were cold-blooded, needing plenty of sunlight. The official version of how dinosaurs came to be says that these creatures evolved from reptiles that lived on the planet before them. Dinosaur ancestors lived both on land and in water. They are called archosaurs - ancient lizards. They looked like amphibians, fed on plant foods. The ancient lizards had lungs, they laid their eggs on land. Gradually, the reptiles became larger, although the first dinosaurs were small, the size of a chicken. Some species have remained so throughout their existence. Other species became large, they increased in size, grew stronger. This is how dinosaurs appeared, which changed and improved over millions of years, populating the Earth.
dinosaur ancestors
Since dinosaurs appeared, where did they come from? It is generally accepted that all dinosaurs evolved from thecodonts. These creatures were of various sizes: small, large, medium. They walked on four legs, and some on two. It was from them that the first dinosaurs came.
A distinctive feature of thecodonts is that they had a special skeletal structure: the articulation of the thigh and pelvis was such that this type of reptile could move on two legs.
world domination
After the dinosaurs appeared, they began to evolve. Gradually, these creatures took over the Earth, becoming the real masters of the land. Their success in survival lay in the fact that they had a unique evolutionary flexibility, and also could eat a wide variety of foods. Also, dinosaurs could move on two legs, which allowed them to overcome great distances. As soon as new living conditions were formed, dinosaurs immediately adapted to them. Because of this feature, new species began to appear: herbivores, carnivores, omnivores. There were giants and there were small individuals. Some creatures grew wings and began to fly.
Secrets of the Dinosaur Era
Where the dinosaurs came from remains a mystery, as does their death. Another mystery - did these creatures live in the same era with people, or did they die out before the appearance of mankind? According to scientists, the eras of people and giants differed, although archaeological finds in the form of rock paintings indicate otherwise. Fairy tales and legends of the peoples of the world, which speak of ancient lizards and people, remain doubtful.
In the sixties of the twentieth century, burials of the pre-Indian period were found in Peru. The stones depicted people and dinosaurs that closely existed together. This discovery contradicts the official theory of evolution. On the found stones, a sauropod with spikes was depicted. The fact that this creature has spikes, scientists learned only in the nineties. In addition to the found drawings on the stones, the Bible speaks of the existence of people and dinosaurs in the same era, albeit indirectly. Scientists have also found human footprints next to dinosaur footprints. And all this remains a mystery, since according to the accepted version, people and dinosaurs lived with a difference of millions of years, but judging by the findings, this is not so.
Dinosaurs are someone's ancestors
If giants came from ancient reptiles, then who came from dinosaurs, what are the inhabitants of the planet?
Modern animals have some similarities with the ancient inhabitants of the Earth, but only a small part is considered their descendants. During the Jurassic period, Archeopteryx lived, which became the progenitor of birds. Scientists have found many similar features of birds with this type of dinosaur: the presence of scales, the structure of the limbs, the method of reproduction. Deinonychus, Compsognathus, and Struthiomimus are considered direct ancestors of birds, although this cannot be said from appearance.
Ancestors of mammals
After the dinosaurs disappeared, mammals began to evolve. Initially, they led a nocturnal lifestyle, settled, constantly developed. They gave rise to modern mammals. For example, didelphodons once lived on Earth, which had bags. They look like modern possums. The ancient erythrotherium had the ability to climb trees. This creature is considered the ancestor of monkeys.
Types of dinosaurs
All known types of dinosaurs are divided into two large orders: ornithischians and lizards. These units have their own classifications. So, there are groups of aquatic, flying, herbivorous, carnivorous dinosaurs and some others. Where did dinosaurs come from and why were they divided into groups?
Since scientists began to find the remains of aquatic representatives, the question has arisen, how are dinosaurs of this group born? Those that move on land, fly, usually lay eggs, and aquatic reproduction occurs either by the creature coming to land to lay eggs, as modern turtles do, or there were other methods of reproduction.
Among the aquatic inhabitants, the most unusual are:
- Pliosaurus. It is considered a predator, eating everything it saw. This creature had no enemies, which is why it attacked first.
- Ichthyosaur. The first remains of these creatures were found in Russia, but most of the finds were in Germany. These lizards lived in packs, so they could easily repel enemies, and it was easier for them to get food.
- Mosasaurus. The remains of these saurs have been found all over the planet, even in cold Antarctica. It is believed that monitor lizards originated from this species. Mosasaurus lived in the water, moved like a snake, like conger eels.
- Elasmosaurus. It is considered an unusual predator that could hunt from any distance. This dinosaur easily caught any prey, even the fastest.
- Shonisaurus. Among aquatic reptiles, this creature is considered the largest. It fed on squid, mollusks, and some species of octopus.
These are not all representatives of the water world that inhabited the planet millions of years ago.
Flying species include Pterosaurus, Archeopteryx, Pterodactyl, Ornithocheirus. Some of them reached the size of a small plane.
The most popular predatory dinosaurs are tyrannosaurus, megalosaurus, spinosaurus, tarbosaurus, giganotosaurus, velociraptor.
Representatives of herbivores are stegosaurus, brachiosaurus, diplodocus, brontosaurus, triceratops, iguanodon.
Why extinct
Scientists still don't know exactly where the dinosaurs came from, but why they died out remains an even bigger mystery. This happened about 60 million years ago, during the Cretaceous period. Simultaneously with the giants, marine reptiles, flying representatives, some types of mollusks, and algae died out. According to scientists, about 20% of land vertebrates and about 15% of marine life died during that period. The most common theory of this phenomenon is the fall of a meteorite in the Yucatan region of the Mexican peninsula.
There are other versions of the cause of the extinction of dinosaurs, including high volcanic activity. Approximately 6 million years ago there was a strong eruption with a giant outpouring of magma.
Other scientists suggest that the extinction was caused by the extermination of egg clutches, cubs, by the first predatory mammals. The possibility of extinction due to a sharp drop in the level of the World Ocean, a change in the Earth's magnetic field is not ruled out.
Scientists from the University of Reading put forward a different theory, according to which dinosaurs were already dying out even before the meteorite fell. In their opinion, the extinction caused the appearance of other species. Scientists have estimated the extinction of several thousand species of dinosaurs. As a result of the work carried out, it was possible to find out that the rate of emergence of new species and the rate of disappearance of old ones are interrelated. And about 80 million years ago, part of the giant species died out, instead of them new creatures appeared that inhabit the planet.
About 65 million years ago, a huge meteorite with a diameter of about 10 kilometers fell to Earth in the area of \u200b\u200bthe modern Gulf of Mexico. It brought tsunamis, fires, earthquakes and other cataclysms, and dense dust covered the sky, gradually cooling the planet almost to its core. As a result, 70% of all living beings died. First of all, the rulers of the planet, the dinosaurs, suffered. However, by that time, many other species had already appeared on Earth that were able to adapt to new conditions, and some even survived to this day.
cockroaches
Cockroaches appeared even before dinosaurs: the oldest fossilized insect, 9 centimeters long, is dated 300 million years ago. In the time of dinosaurs, according to scientists, cockroaches felt great: giant lizards provided them with food. When scientists examined the remains of a 120-million-year-old cockroach trapped in amber, they found bits of wood in its stomach that could have been ingested with dinosaur feces. But even after their death, cockroaches found themselves in a changing world.
devil frogs
With a length of 41 centimeters, it was perhaps the largest frog that ever lived on Earth, which is why it got its name. She lived 65 - 70 million years ago, right in the middle of the Cretaceous period, in Madagascar. The devil frog had such a huge mouth and stomach that it didn’t even have to hunt: it just sat down and waited for the prey to pass by. She fed on smaller frogs, lizards, and mice, and possibly baby dinosaurs.
sea turtles
The first sea turtles appeared over 245 million years ago. Many scientists believe that they were terrestrial creatures that evolved into marine life during the Cretaceous period. In those days, turtles were much larger than they are today, and with longer necks.
lizards
Although "dinosaur" means "terrible lizard", it's just a beautiful image. Dinosaurs are not related to reptiles in any way, they are different groups. But lizards were contemporaries of dinosaurs, and most of them also died out after the meteorite fell. However, a large group of lizards, 40% of which lived in North America, managed to survive. It took about 10 million years after the Cretaceous period for the lizards to regain their lost ground.
Crabs
Although crabs first arose during the Jurassic, many species appeared during the Cretaceous, including the huge crab Megaxantho zogue with a twisted claw on a moveable toe on its right claw. While this crab broke shells with its right claw, the smaller left claw dug into the prey inside. Although M. zogue died out with the dinosaurs, crabs that appeared during the Cenozoic era took over its features - and they are still found today.
Marmots
Long before the catastrophe led to the extinction of the dinosaurs, mammals had already begun to gradually settle down on an ever-changing planet. One of them was a shaggy big man Vintana sertichi, who lived in Madagascar. Judging by the skull, discovered in 2010, this marmot was larger than most mammals of its time, its weight reached 9 kg. Initially, V. sertichi lived on the supercontinent Gondwana in the Southern Hemisphere. Then the mainland broke up into Africa, Antarctica, South America, Madagascar, India, Arabia and Australia.
rodents
The rodent Rugosodon eurasiaticus was extremely common during the Cretaceous period and became extinct about 35 million years ago. The oldest R. eurasiaticus fossil found dates back to 160 million years. It is believed that this rodent paved the way for other mammals that could jump, dig tunnels and climb trees, and were the size of a mouse or beaver. These rodent-like mammals first appeared during the Jurassic period but managed to live for over a million years.
Cynognathus (Cynognathus)
You probably know that before the dinosaurs, other no less mysterious and creepy creatures lived on our planet. We invite you to carefully consider the proposed illustration of such an ancient animal. It is clearly seen that the creature is covered with wool (almost all modern mammals have wool). Scientists explain this property of cynognathus by the fact that it was part of the order of therapsids, and this order, as proven, belonged to the progenitors of modern mammals.
It is known that cynognaths lived on Earth about 250 million years ago, but the very first mammals appeared 50 million years later. It is believed that cynognathus disappeared from the face of the Earth just before the appearance of the first dinosaurs. The remains of these animals have been found by modern researchers in South America and Africa.
The size of cynognaths was not impressive: they had a length and height comparable to a modern average statistical adult wolf. But the jaws were surprisingly powerful and long, which allowed these animals to tightly hold their prey. The teeth of cynognathus were very reminiscent of the teeth of a modern dog. The fangs and incisors of this ancient animal were well adapted for shredding and tearing not only the skin and soft tissues of prey, but also for gnawing cartilage and bones. The victims of cynognathus were usually small herbivores.
9. Arthropleura (Arthropleura)
If you have phobias for insects, then such an ancient creature as Arthropleura, figuratively speaking, by its appearance and size, “would bring you to the grave.”
This creature in those distant times was the largest non-flying beetle on the planet (especially in the modern world).
Artopleura grew up to 183 centimeters long and 46 centimeters wide. It's terrible to imagine how this bug crawls on you!
Scientists have found that Arthropleura lived on Earth somewhere between 320 and 290 million years ago. Their favorite habitats were the marshes of the equator, and their remains have been found in Southern Europe and North America. The reasons for the extinction of these ancient beetles are not completely clear. There is a hypothesis that changing climatic conditions on Earth led to a sharp decrease in the level of oxygen in the atmosphere, and this, in turn, affected the total disappearance of Arthropleura as a species.
8. Estemmenosuchus
This amazing animal was neither a dinosaur nor a mammal. Scientists attributed it to synapsids (animal or theromorph). Outwardly, estemmenosuchus resembled some kind of mutant from a human point of view - it looked like a hybrid of a rhinoceros, a triceratops and a hippopotamus. Nightmare combination! Recent scientific studies have shown that this creature is still the ancestor of modern mammals, although very distant. Our "mutant" lived on the territory of the modern Russian Federation about 267 million years ago.
Estemmenosuchus was a fairly large animal: it grew up to 4.6 meters in length, and its weight reached 450 kilograms.
Paleontologists have not yet come to a consensus about the ways this ancient animal feeds. Was this beast a carnivore, a herbivore, or an omnivore? For now, it's a mystery to scientists. On the one hand, the jaws of Estemmenosuchus were equipped with rather sharp teeth, which suggests that he could eat meat, but, on the other hand, the animal had a massive carcass with a well-formed digestive tract, which clearly indicates the possibility of assimilation by the beast of vegetation. And one more interesting moment of the constitution of estemenosuchus: a mouth lowered low above the ground and short lower limbs. This also suggests that the animal was ideally suited for eating grass.
252 million years ago, estemmenosuchus disappeared from the face of our planet during the Great Dying, as did most other animals.
7. Helicoprion (Helicoprion)
Outwardly, these ancient animals are very reminiscent of sharks, but, interestingly, they have nothing to do with sharks. Experts believe that helicoprions are much closer to perches or chimeras. According to scientific data, helicoprion began its existence on Earth approximately 270 million years ago, and ended its stay somewhere after 20 million years (
this animal appeared 40 million years before the era of dinosaurs).
A hundred years ago, the fossilized remains of the helicoprion were first found. Paleontologists were quite surprised by the structure of the jaws of this prehistoric creature, since the teeth in them were fixed on an axis, which in general looked very much like a circular saw blade.
For a very long time in the scientific world there were disputes about where the above disks were located. Finally, the experts came to the conclusion that the discs were located on the lower jaw and functioned like a circular saw, namely, they chopped the food that got in and sent it straight into the mouth of this water monster. Helicoprion teeth did not change throughout life. When this underwater predator made a bite, then its teeth rotated along their axis deep into the mouth and worked like a knife for cutting pizza. No wonder the bite of this beast was deadly! By the way, helicoprions could reach 8 - 12 meters in length. Real prehistoric monsters!
6 Nothosauruses
230 million years ago, the so-called "false lizards" or notosaurs began their life on Earth. This happened 20 million years before the dinosaurs took over the planet. Nothosaurs evolved very successfully and even formed 13 subspecies. All false lizards had massive broad heads on long and very flexible necks, and countless needle-like teeth grew in their mouths.
Nothosaurs were universal animals, i.e. could swim well and move well on land. It resembles modern walruses. The sizes of notosaurs were impressive - they grew more than 4 meters in length. These ancient animals had very strong webbed limbs, which characterizes them as excellent swimmers. Scientists believe that notosaurs did not chase their victims either in water or on land, but ambushed them, hiding at the bottom. Their diet, of course, included fish and other aquatic animals.
5. Inostrancevia alexandri
This prehistoric animal lived on Earth 299 million years ago. Its fossilized remains were found in northern Russia, and scientists have classified this creature as a member of the Gorgonopsid family - these are reptiles belonging to the class of therapsids. What is interesting is that the foreigners looked like modern mammals in their appearance.
Its length reached 3.5 meters, and the head of the animal was 0.6 meters. Scientists suggest that foreigners, based on such sizes,
may have been the largest carnivore of its era.
The mouth of this ancient animal was equipped with two 15-centimeter fangs. With these fangs, the foreigner tore out pieces of meat from its prey until the caught “food” became of such a size that would allow the bloodthirsty foreigner to calmly swallow the prey whole. Let us clarify that these two fangs and the rest of the sharpest teeth were so powerful that they even made it possible to bite through the armor of armored animals. No one could escape these deadly bites, and the powerful neck of the alien was a good helper in biting and tearing pieces of flesh from a still living victim. These mysterious predators died out about 252 million years ago.
4. Talattoarchon saurphagis (Thalattoarchon saurophagis)
The name of this ancient creature is translated from Greek literally "the lord of the sea, eating lizards." And such a name very aptly characterizes this animal. Talattoarchona is comparable in size to a passenger bus, approximately 9 meters long.
This is a very impressive size. An amazing fact from the life of an ancient giant: he could kill and "eat" an animal almost the same size as himself!
Talattoarchon (ichthyosaur) began its earthly journey some 8 million years after the grandiose Permian extinction of living organisms on Earth, that is, 252 million years ago. At this time, only 5% of living beings survived the Great Dying on our planet. In other words, the conditions under which the talattoarchons began their evolution were not favorable. But life develops according to its own laws and does not tolerate emptiness.
In fact, the appearance and successful existence of talattoarchon convincingly proves that during the stay of this ancient monster on Earth, marine life after the Permian extinction was fully restored. Talattoarchon stood at the top of the food chain in the ocean depths and competed well with other aquatic alpha predators. He had deadly jaws, which the predator skillfully used. Talattoarchon captured its prey with 12 cm conical teeth. Such pointed teeth easily held and tore fish, squids and other marine animals that the monster encountered on the way.
Talattoarchon died out 90 million years ago (by the way, all other species of ichthyosaurs also died out at the same time). Unfortunately, scientists do not yet know why this happened.
3. Dimetrodon (Dimetrodon)
Dimetrodons are often confused with dinosaurs due to their similar appearance (they can even be found in children's toy dinosaur collections). In fact, these ancient animals have nothing to do with dinosaurs. Scientists have clearly determined that Dimetrodon is a synapsid, in other words, not a lizard or dinosaur, but a creature closer to a mammal. These animals could not intersect with dinosaurs in any way, since they died out approximately 50-40 million years before the appearance of the first representatives of the dinofauna.
So, Dimetrodon appeared on Earth 295 million years ago, and disappeared approximately 272 million years ago. Scientists believe that at one time dimetrodons were the most dangerous and largest predators and, in all likelihood, these were the very first land carnivores on our planet. They had serrated teeth, which was good for chewing meat food. These predators could grow in length from 1.6 to 4.6 meters. A spiny, thin and very high fin grew on their back. Experts are still arguing why these ancient synepsids needed it. The main version is an element to attract attention during mating games. The second version suggests that the fin was used to help thermoregulate the body of Dimetrodon, i.e. he accumulated heat for this cold-blooded animal.
2. Dunkleosteus
400 million years ago, a giant fish, the Dunkleosteus, lived on our planet. It weighed about 4 tons and reached a length of more than 10 meters. Dunkleosteus was larger than the modern killer whale killer whale, and besides
this prehistoric fish was covered in bone armor.
Sure, the size of the Dunkleosteus is impressive, but this creature had another amazing quality - its bite. It was so powerful that the researchers compared it with the bite of a crocodile and even a Tyrannosaurus Rex, that is, they equated it to a pressure of 500 kg per 1 sq. cm. But it's all about the fish! That bite was enough to cut a shark in half. By the way, sharks at our ancient dunkleosteus were a favorite delicacy. Imagine what a powerful and fearless animal you had to be to devour prehistoric sharks with such ease.
These monster fish disappeared from the face of the Earth 375-360 million years ago during the Late Devonian extinction (in total there were 5 mass extinctions of flora and fauna on our planet). During the above extinction, 78-88% of all living organisms disappeared in the seas and oceans. And, perhaps, it is good that Dunkleosteus did not live to this day.
1. Carnufex (Carnufex carolinensis)
At the moment, paleontologists have only two fossilized skeletons of this ancient animal. As a result of a thorough study, experts were able to describe and classify this creature. It turned out that this beast belongs to the genus of crocodylomorphs (the progenitors of modern alligators). They named the animal "carnufex" ("carne" in Latin means "meat"). The animal got its name "butcher" due to the presence of very sharp teeth, which allowed it to successfully hunt ancient reptiles and mammals. With such teeth, carnufex easily bit through even strong and thick shells. Scientists suggest that this species of crocodilomorphs was one of the most dangerous predators of that time in its range.
Carnufeks lived approximately 231 million years ago in the US state of North Carolina in North America. These individuals flourished on Earth just before the advent of the age of dinosaurs. There is a very interesting fact: carnufeks moved on two hind limbs, and all other types of crocodilomorphs on four. Imagine a three-meter alligator walking on two legs!
201 million years ago, the Triassic-Jurassic extinction event occurred on Earth, and our carnufeks stopped their life path.
