Labor protection instruction
for crane operator
1. General requirements for labor protection
1.1 To independent work as a crane operator, persons are allowed at least 18 years of age who have passed a medical examination, introductory briefing, primary briefing at the workplace, who have a license to drive a truck (for a truck crane), trained according to a special program in a training center, certified in order established by the rules of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia and having a certificate for the right to work as a crane operator, who have completed an internship at the workplace, tested knowledge of labor protection requirements, who have an electrical safety group II, the appropriate qualification according to the tariff and qualification directory.
1.2 The admission to work of the crane operator must be issued by order of the owner of the crane.
1.3 The crane operator must:
1.3.1 Perform only the work specified in the work instruction;
1.3.2 Comply with the internal labor regulations;
1.3.3 Properly apply personal and collective protective equipment;
1.3.4 Comply with labor protection requirements;
1.3.5 Immediately notify your immediate or superior manager of any situation that threatens the life and health of people, of each accident that occurred at work, or of a deterioration in your health, including the manifestation of signs of an acute occupational disease (poisoning);
1.3.6 To be trained in safe methods and techniques for performing work and providing first aid to victims at work, instructing in labor protection, testing knowledge of labor protection requirements;
1.3.7 Pass mandatory periodic (within labor activity) medical examinations (examinations), as well as to undergo extraordinary medical examinations (examinations) at the direction of the employer in cases provided for Labor Code and other federal laws.
1.3.8 Be able to provide first aid to victims of electric current and other accidents;
1.3.9 Be able to use primary fire extinguishing means;
1.4 When performing work, the crane operator may be exposed to the following dangerous and harmful production factors:
-noise;
-vibration;
- increased content in the air working area dust and harmful substances;
- finding a workplace at a height;
- increased voltage in the electrical circuit, the closure of which can pass through the human body;
- moving machines, mechanisms and their parts;
- overturning of cars, falling of their parts.
1.5 The crane operator must be provided with overalls, footwear and other personal protective equipment in accordance with the Model Industry Standards for the free issue of special clothing, special footwear and other personal protective equipment and the Collective Agreement.
1.6 The crane operator is obliged to comply with the requirements of this manual, as well as the requirements of the manufacturers' instructions for the operation of cranes controlled by him.
1.7 In cases of injury or indisposition, it is necessary to stop work, notify the work manager and contact a medical institution.
1.8 For non-compliance with this instruction, the perpetrators are held liable in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
2. Labor protection requirements before starting work
2.1 Before starting work, the crane operator must:
- put on overalls, special footwear of the established sample;
- present to the manager a certificate of verification of knowledge of labor protection requirements, receive a waybill and a task, taking into account the provision of labor protection based on the specifics of the work performed.
2.2 After receiving the task to perform the work, the crane operator must:
2.2.1 Check the serviceability of crane structures and mechanisms, including:
- inspect the crane mechanisms, their fastening and brakes, as well as the running gear, traction and buffer devices;
- check the presence and serviceability of the guards of the mechanisms;
- check the lubrication of gears, bearings and ropes, as well as the condition of lubricating devices and seals;
- inspect in accessible places metal structures and connections of sections of the boom and its suspension elements, as well as metal structures and welded joints of the running frame and the rotary part;
- inspect the hook and its fastening in the holder;
- check the serviceability of additional supports and stabilizers;
- check the presence and serviceability of safety instruments and devices on the crane (limit switches, load capacity indicator depending on the reach, crane tilt indicator, load limiter, etc.);
- inspect the electrical installations and the hydraulic drive system of the crane.
2.2.2 Together with the slinger, check the compliance of removable load-handling devices, for compliance with the mass and nature of the load, their serviceability and the presence of stamps or tags on them indicating the carrying capacity, test date and number.
2.2.3 Inspect the installation site and the area of operation of the crane and make sure that the slope of the terrain, the strength of the soil, the dimensions of the approach of buildings, as well as power lines comply with the requirements specified in the operating instructions for the crane.
2.3 It is forbidden to start work in case of the following violations of labor protection requirements:
- in case of malfunctions or defects specified in the instructions of manufacturers, in which their operation is not allowed;
-defects in load-handling devices or their inconsistency with the nature of the work performed;
- inconsistency of the characteristics of the crane in terms of load capacity and boom reach to the conditions of work;
- the presence of people, machines or equipment in the work area;
- when the slope of the terrain exceeds that specified in the passport of manufacturers.
2.4 Detected violations of labor protection requirements must be eliminated on your own, and if it is impossible to do this, the crane operator is obliged to immediately inform the person responsible for the safe performance of work by cranes, as well as the person responsible for the safe operation of the crane.
3. Labor protection requirements during work
3.1 The crane operator must be aware that the goods are divided into several groups and categories according to the degree and nature of danger.
3.2 Depending on the type, method of storage and slinging, goods are classified into the following groups:
3.2.1 Piece non-stackable loads - metal constructions, engines, machine tools, machines, mechanisms, large iron concrete products etc. The group of piece non-stackable cargoes is the most numerous and diverse in form, therefore, uniform typical methods there is no slinging suitable for all goods of this group.
3.2.2 Piece stacked loads - rolled steel, pipes, timber and lumber, bricks, cinder blocks, standard reinforced concrete products, slabs, panels, blocks, beams, flights of stairs, boxes, barrels and other products of geometrically regular shape
3.2.3 Bulk cargoes are transported in containers, grabs, conveyors, etc. They are stored in piles, determined by the angle of repose of the material and bounding surfaces (coal, peat, slag, sand, crushed stone, cement, lime, small metal chips, etc. ).
Semi-liquid plastic cargoes are cargoes that have the ability to retain their shape for some time or to harden over time. Such cargoes include concrete masses, mortars, lime paste, bitumen, lubricants, etc. The viscosity of semi-liquid cargoes and their hanging on the walls of containers of transport vehicles, the ability to quickly set and harden (concrete, mortar, and other cargoes) make their transportation difficult. Such goods must be transported in a special container.
3.2.4 Liquid cargoes - cargoes that do not have a specific shape are transported in barrels, cans, bottles, tanks, ladles, etc. (water, liquid fuels and lubricants, acids, alkalis, mastics, etc.).
3.2.5 Gaseous cargoes are usually transported under pressure in cylinders, other vessels and pipelines.
3.2.6 Depending on the mass, cargoes are divided into four categories:
3.2.7 Lightweight cargo - cargo weighing no more than 250 kg. These include materials such as felt, leather, tow, plywood, dry plaster, light machine parts, and others.
3.2.8 Heavy-weight cargoes - cargoes, the mass of which is in the range from 250 kg to 50 tons. Heavy-weight cargoes include all stacked, bulk, semi-liquid, liquid and non-stacked cargoes, the mass of which does not exceed 50 tons.
3.2.9 Very heavy cargo - cargo, the mass of which exceeds 50 tons. These include piece non-stackable cargo. The slinging of these loads is allowed only by highly qualified slingers.
3.2.10 Deadweights - a special category of cargoes of unknown mass. Dead loads are considered to be fixed on the foundation. anchor bolts, buried in the ground, frozen to the ground, pressed by another load, and also lifted with an oblique chock. Lifting dead weights with a crane is prohibited.
3.2.11 Depending on the shape and size, cargo is divided into oversized and oversized:
3.2.12 Dimensional cargo - cargo, the dimensions of which do not exceed the dimensions of the rolling stock of railways, and for automobile and other types of ground non-rail transport - the norms, established by the Rules traffic Russian Federation.
3.2.13 Oversized cargo - cargo, the dimensions of which go beyond the dimensions of the rolling stock of railways or ground trackless transport. Oversized cargo can be large boilers, machines, transformers, etc. Dimensions of violations of the overall dimensions should not exceed certain values, at which it is still possible to transport cargo by reducing the gap between the dimensions of the approach of buildings and rolling stock.
3.2.14 Depending on the magnitude of the violation of the gauge, the cargo is divided into five degrees of oversize, each of which has its own limiting outlines. On oversized cargo when transporting it by rail, the corresponding degree of oversized cargo is indicated.
3.2.15 Long loads are special group cargo (parts and assemblies of large machines, equipment, metal structures, etc.), which are transported on special railway platforms or trailers. Oversized, oversized and long cargoes are allowed to be transported in wagons or on platforms only after the approval of the loading scheme by the department or department of the railway.
3.2.16 Cargoes, according to the degree and nature of hazard, are divided in accordance with GOST 19433 into 9 hazard classes.
Cargo hazard classes:
1 Explosive materials (EM)
1.1. Explosive materials with a mass explosion hazard
1.2. Explosive materials not mass explosive
1.3. Explosive materials, flammable, non-explosive mass
1.4. Explosive materials not presenting a significant hazard
1.5. Very insensitive explosive materials
2 Gases compressed, liquefied and dissolved under pressure
2.1. Non-flammable non-poisonous gases
2.2. Toxic gases
2.3. Flammable (combustible) gases
2.4. Toxic and flammable gases
3 Flammable liquids (flammable liquids)
3.1. Flammable liquids with an ignition temperature of less than 18 ° C in a closed crucible
3.2. Flammable liquids with an ignition temperature of at least 18°C but less than 23°C in a closed cup
3.3. Flammable liquids with an ignition temperature of at least 23°C, but not more than 61°C in a closed crucible
4 Flammable solids(LVT)
4.1. Flammable solids
4.2. spontaneously combustible substances
4.3. Substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases
5 Oxidizing agents (OC) and organic peroxides (OP)
5.1. Oxidizing agents
5.2. organic peroxides
6 Toxic substances(JV) and infectious substances (IV)
6.1. Toxic substances
6.2. infectious substances
7 Radioactive materials (RM)
7.1. Radioactive materials are not divided into subclasses
8 Caustic or corrosive substances
8.1. Corrosive and/or corrosive substances with acidic properties
8.2. Caustic and/or corrosive substances with basic properties
8.3. Miscellaneous caustic and corrosive substances
9 Other hazardous substances
9.1. Gases not classified in classes 1-8
9.2. Gases with hazard types, the manifestation of which poses a danger when they are transported in bulk by water transport
3.3 The crane operator, while operating the crane, should not be distracted from his direct duties, as well as clean, lubricate and repair the mechanisms.
3.4 Entering and leaving the crane during the operation of the movement, rotation or lifting mechanisms is prohibited.
3.5 When servicing the crane by two persons - a crane operator and his assistant or if there is a trainee on the crane, none of them should leave the crane even for a short time without warning the person remaining on the crane.
3.6 If it is necessary to leave the crane, the crane operator must stop the engine. In the absence of a crane operator, his assistant or trainee is prohibited from operating the crane.
3.7 Before turning on the mechanisms for moving the load, the crane operator must make sure that there are no unauthorized persons in the area of moving the load and give a warning sound signal.
3.8 The movement of the crane under the power line should be carried out when the boom is in the transport position.
3.9 During the movement of the crane with the load, the position of the boom and the lifting capacity of the crane should be set in accordance with the instructions contained in the crane operation manual.
3.10 In the absence of such instructions, as well as when moving the crane without a load, the boom must be installed in the direction of movement.
3.11 It is prohibited to simultaneously move the crane and turn the boom.
3.12 It is prohibited to install a crane to work on filled and non-compacted soil, on a site with a slope greater than that specified in the passport, and also under a power line that is energized.
3.13 The crane operator is obliged to install the crane on all additional supports in all cases when such an installation is required according to the passport characteristics of the crane, while he must ensure that the supports are in good order and strong and stable linings are placed under them.
3.14 It is forbidden for the crane operator to be in the cab when the crane is installed on additional supports, as well as when it is released from the supports.
3.15 If the manufacturer provides for the storage of slings and pads for additional supports on the fixed part of the crane, then they must be removed before work and laid in place by the crane operator working on the crane personally.
3.16 Installing the crane on the edge of the slope of the excavation (ditch) - the crane operator is obliged to observe the minimum distance of approach from the base of the slope of the excavation to the nearest crane support, not less than the parameters indicated in the table.
Approach distance from the bottom of the excavation slope to the nearest machine support when installed close to the excavation
┌─────────────┬─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Depth │ Horizontal distance from the base of the excavation slope to │
│ excavation, m │ nearest crane support, m, with soil │
│ ├───────────────┬─────────────┬──────────────┬────────────┤
│ │ Sandy │ Sandy loamy │ loamy │ clayey │
│ 1 │ 1,5 │ 1,25 │ 1,00 │ 1,00 │
├─────────────┼───────────────┼─────────────┼──────────────┼────────────┤
│ 2 │ 3,0 │ 2,40 │ 2,00 │ 1,50 │
├─────────────┼───────────────┼─────────────┼──────────────┼────────────┤
│ 3 │ 4,0 │ 3,60 │ 3,25 │ 1,75 │
├─────────────┼───────────────┼─────────────┼──────────────┼────────────┤
│ 4 │ 5,0 │ 4,40 │ 4,00 │ 3,00 │
├─────────────┼───────────────┼─────────────┼──────────────┼────────────┤
│ 5 │ 6,0 │ 5,30 │ 4,75 │ 3,50 │
└─────────────┴───────────────┴─────────────┴──────────────┴────────────┘
3.17 If these distances cannot be observed, the slope must be strengthened, the conditions for installing the crane on the edge of the slope of the pit (ditch) must be specified in the work design.
3.18 When installing a crane near a building, a stack of cargo or any other objects, the distance between the turning part of the crane in any position and the dimensions of these objects must be at least 1 m.
3.19 Installation and operation of the crane at a distance closer than 30 m from the outermost wire of the power line is allowed only if there is a work permit issued in the prescribed manner by the orders of the owner of the crane and the foreman.
3.20 The movement of goods over floors under which industrial, residential or service premises are located, where people can be located, is prohibited, in exceptional cases, movement can be carried out after the development of appropriate measures (in agreement with the Gosgortekhnadzor bodies) that ensure the safe performance of work.
3.21 Collaboration for moving cargo with two or more cranes can only be allowed in accordance with the project for the production of works, with a slinging scheme, the sequence of operations, the position of the cargo ropes, as well as the requirements for site preparation and other requirements for the safe movement of cargo.
3.22 The crane operator must work under the direct supervision of the person responsible for the safe performance of work by cranes, when loading and unloading gondola cars, when moving cargo with two cranes, working on a work permit near a power line, when moving cargo over ceilings under which industrial or service premises where people can be, as well as in other cases provided for by the work execution projects.
3.23 When moving cargo, the crane operator must comply with the following requirements:
3.23.1 Perform work at the signal of the slinger;
3.23.2 The exchange of signals between the slinger and the crane operator must be carried out in accordance with the procedure established by the enterprise;
The signal "STOP" the crane operator is obliged to carry out regardless of which of the workers filed it;
3.23.3 Before lifting the load, the slinger and all workers near the crane should be warned about the need to leave the area of cargo movement:
- lifting of the load can be done after people leave the specified area;
- the slinger may be near the load during its lifting or lowering, if the load is at a height of not more than 1 m from the platform level.
3.23.4 Carry out loading and unloading of vehicles, railway gondola cars and platforms only in the absence of people on vehicles;
3.23.5 Installing the hook of the lifting mechanism above the load should exclude oblique tension of the load rope;
3.23.6 To fix the load when it is lifted at a height of 200-300 mm in order to make sure that its slinging is correct, the crane is stable and the brakes are working properly, after which the load can be lifted to the desired height;
3.23.7 When lifting the load, keep the distance between the hook cage and the boom head at least 0.5 m;
3.23.8 When moving the load horizontally, first lift it to a height of at least 0.5 m above the objects encountered on the way;
3.23.9 When lifting the boom, it is necessary to ensure that it does not rise above the position corresponding to the smallest working reach;
3.23.10 Before lifting or lowering a load located near a wall, column, stack, railway car, car, you must first make sure that there is no slinger and other people between the load being lifted and the specified obstacle, as well as the possibility of free passage of the crane boom and load near these obstacles;
3.23.11 It is allowed to lift bricks on pallets without fencing only when unloading vehicles to the storage place;
3.23.12 Before lifting a load from a well, trench, pit or before lowering the load there, by lowering the free (unloaded) hook, make sure that at the lowest position on the drum there are at least one and a half turns of the rope, not counting the turns under the clamping device ;
3.23.13 Slinging of the load must be carried out in accordance with the slinging schemes, which must correspond to the mass and nature of the load being lifted, taking into account the number of branches and their angle of inclination;
3.23.14 The load to be moved should be lowered to the place intended for this, where the possibility of falling, overturning or sliding of the load being installed is excluded.
3.23.15 Linings of appropriate strength must be preliminarily laid at the place of installation of the load.
3.23.16 Stowage and disassembly of cargo should be carried out evenly, without violating the dimensions established for cargo storage and without obstructing the aisles.
3.24 When lifting and moving loads, the crane operator is prohibited from:
- to carry out work when carrying out slinging by random persons who do not have a slinger's certificate, and also apply lifting devices without tags and brands, in these cases the crane operator must stop work and notify the person responsible for the safe performance of work by cranes;
- lift or turn over a load, the mass of which exceeds the lifting capacity of the crane for a given boom reach;
- if the crane operator does not know the mass of the load, then he must obtain in writing information about the actual mass of the load from the person responsible for the safe performance of work by cranes;
- lower the boom with the load until the departure, at which the lifting capacity of the crane becomes less than the mass of the load being lifted;
- to produce sharp braking when turning the boom with a load;
- pull cargo along the ground, rails and logs with a crane hook with the ropes inclined, as well as move railway cars, platforms, trolleys or carts with a hook;
- tear off with a hook a load covered with earth or frozen to the base, laid by other loads, fixed with bolts or filled with concrete, as well as swinging the load in order to tear it off;
- release the removable load-handling devices jammed by the load with a crane;
- lift reinforced concrete products with damaged hinges, cargo that is incorrectly tied or in an unstable position, as well as in containers filled above the sides;
- lower the load electrical cables and pipelines, as well as closer than 1 m from the edge of the slope or trenches;
- lift a load with people on it, as well as unbalanced and leveled by a mass of people or supported by hands;
- transfer control of the crane to a person who does not have the appropriate certificate for this, and also leave students or trainees unattended during their work;
- to carry out loading or unloading of vehicles while the driver or other persons are in the cab;
- lift cylinders with compressed or liquefied gas that are not placed in containers specially designed for this purpose;
- adjust the brake of the lifting mechanism when the load is lifted.
3.25 When moving the crane under its own power on public roads, the crane operator must comply with the rules of the road.
3.26 Transportation of the crane through natural obstacles or artificial structures, as well as through unguarded railway crossings is allowed after examining the condition of the route.
3.27 Maintenance of the crane should be carried out only after the engine is stopped and the pressure in the hydraulic and pneumatic systems is relieved, except for those cases that are provided for by the manufacturer's instructions.
3.28 Assembly units of the crane, which can move under the action of their own weight, during maintenance should be blocked or lowered onto a support to prevent their movement.
3.29 During the daily maintenance of the crane, the crane operator must:
- ensure the cleanliness and serviceability of the mechanisms and equipment of the crane;
- timely lubricate the rubbing parts of the crane and ropes in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer's instructions;
- store lubricants and cleaning materials in a closed metal container;
- make sure that there are no loose objects on the crane structure and its mechanisms;
- check the serviceability of the enclosing devices provided for by the design of the crane, load limiters and other means of collective protection.
3.30 All non-standard situations during the work must be coordinated with the manager responsible for the safe performance of work by the crane.
4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations
4.1 In the event of accidents and situations that can lead to accidents and accidents, it is necessary:
4.1.1 Immediately stop work and notify the work manager.
4.1.2 Under the guidance of the work manager, promptly take measures to eliminate the causes of accidents or situations that can lead to accidents or accidents.
4.2 If the crane loses its stability during lifting or moving the load, the crane operator is obliged to immediately stop work, reduce the reach of the boom, give a warning signal, lower the load to the ground or platform and establish the cause of the emergency.
4.3 In case of accidental contact with an arrow or a cargo rope of a power line, the crane operator must warn the workers of the danger and move the boom away from the wires of the power line. If this is not possible, then the crane operator must jump out of the cab onto the ground in such a way that, at the moment his feet touch the ground, he does not hold on to the metal parts of the crane with his hands.
4.4 The crane operator is obliged to lower the load, stop the operation of the crane and notify the person responsible for the safe performance of work on the movement of goods by cranes, as well as the person in charge of supervising the operation of cranes in the following cases:
- in the event of a malfunction of the crane mechanisms, in which, according to the instructions of the manufacturer, its operation is prohibited;
- in case of wind, the speed of which exceeds the permissible;
- in case of deterioration of visibility in the evening, heavy snowfall and fog, when the driver does not distinguish between the signals of the slinger and the load being moved;
- when twisting the rope of the cargo chain hoist.
4.5 In case of accidents:
4.5.1 Immediately organize first aid to the victim and, if necessary, deliver him to a medical organization;
4.5.2 Accept urgent measures to prevent the development of an emergency or other emergency and the impact of traumatic factors on other persons;
4.5.3 Preserve the situation as it was at the time of the accident until the beginning of the investigation of the accident, if it does not threaten the life and health of other persons and does not lead to a catastrophe, accident or other emergency circumstances, and if it is impossible to maintain it, record the current situation (draw up schemes, conduct other activities);
4.6 In the event of a fire, smoke:
4.6.1 Immediately inform by phone "01" in fire department, notify employees, notify the head of the department.
4.6.2 Start extinguishing the fire with primary fire extinguishing equipment, if this does not involve a risk to life.
4.6.3 Meet the fire brigade.
4.6.4 Leave danger zone and stay in the evacuation zone.
5. Labor protection requirements at the end of work
5.1 Upon completion of work, the crane operator must:
5.1.1 Put the crane on the place intended for parking, slow it down;
5.1.2 Set the crane boom to the position determined by the manufacturer's instructions for the operation of the crane;
5.1.3 Stop the engine, (turn off the switch at the crane with electric drive);
5.1.4 Lock the cab door;
5.1.5 Submit the waybill.
5.2 Remove personal protective equipment, put in a closet.
5.3 Wash face and hands or take a shower.
5.4 Inform the manager responsible for the safe production of work on the movement of goods by cranes about all the shortcomings that have arisen during work and the measures taken to eliminate them, make an appropriate entry in the logbook.
1. General Provisions
1.1. The instructions apply to all departments of the enterprise,
1.2. According to this instruction, the truck crane driver (hereinafter referred to as the crane operator) is instructed before starting work (initial briefing), and then every 3 months (re-instruction).
The results of the briefing are recorded in the "Journal of registration of briefings on labor protection issues". In the journal, after passing the briefing, there must be the signatures of the instructing and crane operator.
1.3. The owner must insure the crane operator against accidents and occupational disease.
In case of damage to the health of the crane operator due to the fault of the owner, he (the crane operator) has the right to compensation for the harm caused to him.
1.4. For non-compliance with this instruction, the crane operator bears disciplinary, material, administrative and criminal liability.
1.5. Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone a medical examination, special training, have a certificate for the right to operate the corresponding truck crane, have passed an introductory briefing on labor protection and briefing at the workplace are allowed to operate a truck crane.
A truck crane can be controlled by a car driver with a certificate for the right to operate a truck crane.
1.6. Admission to independent work of the crane operator is issued by order of the enterprise.
1.7. Before admission to independent work, the crane operator is issued, against receipt, instructions for the safe operation of the crane installation.
1.8. The crane operator must:
1.8.1. Comply with internal labor regulations.
1.8.2. Supervise the work of slingers.
1.8.3. Use overalls, safety shoes and personal protective equipment.
1.8.4. Remember personal responsibility for the implementation of labor protection rules and the safety of colleagues.
1.8.5. Keep unauthorized persons out of the work area.
1.8.6. Perform only the work for which he has been instructed and entrusted by the work manager.
1.8.7. Do not follow instructions that are contrary to the rules of labor protection.
1.8.8. Know how to provide first aid to victims of accidents.
1.8.9. Be familiar with the use of primary fire extinguishing equipment.
1.8.10. Know the production instructions, as well as the instructions of the manufacturer for the operation of the crane, the Rules of the road.
1.8.11. Know the device of the crane, the device and purpose of its mechanisms and safety devices.
1.8, 12. Have the skills necessary to operate and maintain the crane mechanisms.
1.8.13. Know the factors that affect the stability of the crane and the causes of buckling.
1.8.14. Know the range and purpose of lubricants used to lubricate rubbing parts.
1.8.15. Know the procedure for exchanging signals with slingers established by the Rules.
1.8.16. Know safe ways slinging and gearing of loads.
1.8.17. Be able to determine the suitability for work of ropes, removable load-handling devices and containers (slings, traverses, grips, etc.).
1.8.18. Know the procedure established by the Rules for carrying out work by a crane near power lines (hereinafter referred to as power lines).
1.8.19. Know the methods of relieving energized persons from the action of electric current and how to provide them with first aid.
1.9. The main dangerous and harmful production factors that affect the crane operator:
1.9.1. Crane overturning.
1.9.2. Defeat electric shock.
1.9.3. Insufficient illumination of the working area.
1.9.4. High or low temperature, air humidity of the working area.
1.10. The crane operator is provided with overalls, special footwear: cotton semi-overalls, combined mittens; on outdoor robots in winter additionally: jacket, cotton trousers with insulated lining, felt boots.
1.11. To hang the load on the crane hook, certified slingers are appointed by order of the enterprise.
1.12. When two or more slingers work, one of them is appointed senior.
1.13. When working, the crane operator and slinger must carry certificates for the right to perform work.
1.14. Testing knowledge of labor protection rules for crane operators is carried out:
1.14.1. Periodically at least once every 12 months.
1.14.2. In case of transfer from one enterprise to another.
1.14.3. At the request of the inspector of the Gosnadzorohrantrud bodies or an engineering and technical worker for the supervision of cranes.
1.15. After a break in work in the specialty for more than one year, the crane operator passes a knowledge test in the commission of the enterprise and, in case of obtaining positive results allowed for an internship to restore the necessary skills.
1.16. The crane operator is prohibited from disabling safety devices (jamming contactors, turning off limiters, for example, such as: lifting capacity or load moment, lifting hook height, raising and lowering the boom), and also perform work with a crane in case of their malfunction.
2. Safety requirements before starting work
2.1. Before starting work, the crane operator must make sure that all mechanisms, metal structures and other parts of the crane are in good condition, as well as the condition of the soil at the place where the crane works. To do this, the crane operator must:
2.1.1. Inspect the crane mechanisms, their fastening and brakes, as well as the running gear.
2.1.2. Check the presence and serviceability of the mechanism guards.
2.1.3. Check the lubrication of gears, bearings and ropes, as well as the condition of lubricators and glands.
2.1.4. Inspect in accessible places the metal structure and the connection of boom sections and its suspension elements (ropes, braces, blocks, shackles, etc.), as well as the metal structure and welded seams of the running frame (chassis) and the turning part.
2.1.5. Inspect in accessible places the condition of the ropes and their fastening, booms, as well as the laying of ropes in the grooves of blocks and drums.
2.1.6. Inspect the hook and its fastening in the holder.
2.1.7. Check the serviceability of additional supports (retractable beams, jacks), stabilizers.
2.1.8. Check the completeness of the counterweight and the reliability of its fastening.
2.1.9. Check the availability and serviceability of the equipment and safety devices on the crane (load limiter or load moment, all limit switches, load indicator depending on the reach of the boom, crane tilt indicator, etc.).
2.1.10. Check the operation of the crane lighting, buffer lights and headlights.
2.1.11. When receiving an electric crane, conduct an external inspection (without removing casings and disassembling) electrical apparatus(breakers, contactors, controllers, starting resistors, brake electromagnets, limit switches), as well as inspect rings or manifolds electrical machines and their brushes. If the crane is powered by an external network, then the crane operator must check the serviceability of the flexible cable.
2.1.12. When accepting a hydraulically actuated crane, inspect the drive system, flexible hoses, if used, pumps and safety valves on pressure lines.
2.2. Check with the slinger for a certificate for the right to perform slinging work.
2.3. The crane operator, together with the slinger, must check the serviceability of the removable load handling devices and the presence of stamps or tags on them indicating the load capacity, test date and number.
2.4. When accepting a working crane, its inspection must be carried out together with the crane operator handing over the shift.
2.5. Inspection of the crane should be carried out only when the mechanisms are not working, and inspection of the electric crane - when the switch in the crane operator's cab is turned off. Inspection of a flexible cable should be carried out with the switch disconnected, which supplies voltage to the cable.
2.6. When inspecting a crane, the crane operator must use a portable lamp with a voltage of not more than 42 V.
2.7. After inspection before putting the crane into operation, the crane operator, making sure that the necessary approach dimensions are observed, is obliged to test the mechanisms for Idling and check the correct operation:
2.7.1. Crane mechanisms and electrical equipment, if any.
2.7.2. Instruments and security devices.
2.7.3. Brakes.
2.7.4. Hydraulic systems on cranes with a hydraulic system.
2.8. If faults that impede safe operation are detected during inspection and testing of the crane, and it is impossible to eliminate them on their own, the crane operator, without starting work, reports this to the person responsible for maintaining the cranes in good condition, and informs the person responsible for the safe performance of work on placement of goods by cranes.
2.9. The crane operator should not start working on the crane in case of detection of such malfunctions:
2.9.1. Cracks or deformations in the metal structures of the crane.
2.9.2. Cracks in the elements of the boom suspension (earrings, rods, etc.), as well as in the absence of cotter pins and clips in the places where the ropes are fastened or loosened.
2.9.3. The boom and cargo ropes have a number of wire breaks and surface wear that exceed the norms established by the Rules, a broken hoist or local damage.
2.9.4. The lifting mechanisms of the load or the boom have defects (malfunctions) that threaten the safe operation of the crane.
2.9.5. Parts of the brake of the mechanism for lifting the load or boom are damaged.
2.9.6. The hook has wear in the throat exceeding 10% of the original section height, faulty safety locks, and a violation of its fastening in the clip.
2.9.7. Faulty or missing safety devices and devices (load capacity or load moment limiters, signal devices, limit switches for mechanisms, interlocks, etc.).
2.9.8. Additional supports, stabilizers of automobile cranes are damaged or not completed.
2.9.9. There is no protection of mechanisms and exposed conductive parts of electrical equipment.
2.10. Before starting work, the crane operator is obliged to make sure that the working area is sufficiently illuminated, while the truck crane is operating, fix the device (stabilizer) to relieve the load from the springs.
2.11. Get a task, get acquainted with the PVR or technological map.
2.12. The person responsible for the safe carrying out of work on the movement of goods by cranes writes down his last name, the number of his certificate and the date of issue in the waybill of the crane operator; the name of the slinger, the number of his certificate and the date of issue.
2.13. Having installed the crane, the crane operator presents it to the person responsible for the safe movement of goods by cranes, who checks the correct installation of the crane in accordance with the PVR or technological map and gives permission to start work, about which he makes an entry in the waybill "I checked the installation of the crane, I allow work."
Such a record is made after each permutation of the crane.
2.14. The connection of electric taps to the power source must be carried out by an electrician. The crane operator is not allowed to make this connection.
3. Safety requirements during work
3.1. During the operation of the mechanisms, the crane operator should not be distracted from his direct duties, as well as clean, lubricate and repair the mechanisms.
3.2. Before making any movement with the crane, the crane operator must make sure that there are no unauthorized people in the crane operation area.
3.3. In the event of a sudden interruption in the power supply to an electric crane, the crane operator must set the handwheels or controller handles to the zero position and turn off the switch in the cab.
3.4. When turning on the mechanisms, the crane operator must give a warning signal. This requirement must also be met if there was a break in the operation of the crane mechanisms.
3.5. The movement of the crane under the power transmission line should be carried out with the boom lowered (in the transport position). The presence of the boom in any working position in this case is prohibited.
3.6. The crane operator is obliged to install the crane on additional (outrigger) supports, if required by the characteristics of the crane, while he must ensure that the supports are in good order and that strong and stable linings or paved cages from sleepers are placed under them.
The crane must be installed on all additional supports provided for this characteristic of the crane. It is not allowed to place unstable pads under additional supports, which may collapse or from which the support may slip when lifting a load or turning a crane.
3.7. Linings for additional supports of a truck crane must be an inventory accessory of the crane and be constantly on the crane. If the manufacturer provides for the storage of slings and linings for additional supports on the fixed part of the crane, then they must be removed before work and laid in place by the crane operator personally working on this crane.
3.8. The installation of cranes for construction and installation work must be carried out in accordance with the work execution project, the requirements of which must be familiarized with the requirements of the crane operator against receipt.
3.9. The crane operator must install a self-propelled jib crane on a planned and prepared site, taking into account the category and nature of the soil. It is not allowed to install cranes for work on freshly poured, not compacted soil, as well as on a site with a slope that exceeds that specified in the passport.
3.10. It is possible to install self-propelled jib cranes on the edge of slopes, pits or ditches, subject to the following distances:
If these distances cannot be observed, the slope must be strengthened in accordance with the project.
3.11. When lifting and moving cargo, the crane operator must adhere to the following requirements:
3.11.1. Perform work with a crane only at the signal of the slinger. If the slinger gives a signal, acting contrary to the instructions, then the crane operator must not maneuver the crane on such a signal. For damage caused by the operation of the crane due to the execution of an incorrectly given signal, both the crane operator and the slinger who gave the wrong signal are liable. The exchange of signals between the slinger and the crane operator must be carried out in accordance with the procedure established by the enterprise.
Signal "Stop!" the crane operator is obliged to comply regardless of who submits it.
3.11.2. Use the load capacity indicator to determine the load capacity for each boom reach. When the crane is operating on a slope, if the reach indicator does not take into account the slope, the boom reach is determined by the actual measurement, while measuring the horizontal distance from the axis of rotation of the rotary part of the crane to the center of the freely hanging hook.
3.11.3. Before lifting the load, warn the slinger and everyone who is near the crane to leave the area of lifting the load, as well as about the possible lowering of the boom. The movement of the load can be carried out only in the absence of people in the area of the crane.
When the crane is in operation, people are not allowed to be near the platform. It is forbidden to step onto the fixed part of the crane, so as not to be caught between the rotary and non-rotary parts of the crane.
3.11.4. When loading and unloading trolleys, motor vehicles and trailers for them, railway gondola cars and platforms, crane operation is allowed only if there are no people on the vehicles, which the crane operator must first verify.
An exception is allowed when loading and unloading gondola cars, if the floor area of the gondola car is clearly visible from the crane cabin and the worker can move away from the hanging (raised, lowered, moved) load to a safe distance. Such work must be carried out according to the technology developed by the enterprise (organization) that loads and unloads gondola cars, and approved by its management. At the same time, the technology should indicate the location of the slingers when moving goods and provide for the possibility of their access to overpasses or hinged platforms.
The crane operator must be familiarized with the requirements of the technology before the start of the specified work against receipt.
3.11.5. Install the hook of the lifting mechanism above the load so that when lifting, oblique tension of the load rope is excluded.
3.11.6. When lifting a load, it is necessary to first lift it to a height of no more than 200-300 mm to check the correct slinging of the goods and the reliability of the brake.
3.11.7. When lifting a load, the distance between the hook cage and the blocks on the boom must be at least 500 mm.
3.11.8. Loads moving in a horizontal direction must first be raised 500 mm above the objects encountered on the way.
3.11.9. When raising the boom, make sure that it does not rise above the position corresponding to the smallest working reach.
3.11.10. When lifting, lowering and moving cargo located near walls, columns, stacks, a railway car, a car, a machine tool or other equipment, first make sure that there is no slinger (coupler) and other people between the lifted, lowered or moved cargo and the specified parts of the building, equipment , vehicles, as well as the impossibility of touching walls, columns, wagons, etc. with an arrow or a lifted load.
3.11.11. Lifting and moving of small-piece cargo should be carried out in containers specially designed for this purpose. Lifting bricks in pallets without fencing is allowed during loading and unloading (on the ground) of vehicles, their trailers, and also on condition that people are removed from the cargo movement zone.
3.11.12. Before lifting a load from a well, ditch, trench, pit, and also before lowering the load into them, first make sure by lowering the empty (unloaded) hook that at its lowest position, at least 1.5 turns of the rope remain on the winch drum, not counting the turns located under the clamping device.
3.11.13. Stowage and disassembly of cargo should be carried out evenly, without violating the dimensions established for warehousing cargo and without blocking the aisles.
3.11.14. Keep a close eye on the ropes. In the event of their fall from the drums or blocks, the formation of loops, the detection of damage to the ropes, it is necessary to stop the operation of the crane.
3.11.15. A crane operator can install a crane or move goods at a distance of less than 30 m from the outermost wire of a power transmission line with a voltage above 42 V only if there is a work permit that determines the safe conditions for such work. The work permit must be signed by the head (chief, chief engineer) of the enterprise or organization performing the work, or by another manager at his direction and given to the crane operator before starting work. The crane operator is prohibited from arbitrarily installing a crane to work near power lines, which is recorded in the waybill. The work of the crane near power lines should be carried out under the direct supervision of the person responsible for the safe carrying out of work on the movement of goods by cranes. This person must indicate to the crane operator the location of the crane installation, ensure the fulfillment of the conditions of work provided for by the work permit and make an entry in the crane operator's watch log about permission to perform work. When carrying out work in the security zone of a power transmission line or within the boundaries of the breaks established by the Rules for the Protection of High-Voltage Electric Networks, a work permit can be issued only with the permission of the organization that operates the power transmission line.
3.11.16. Cargoes that are moved by a crane and do not have special devices (loops, eyelets, pins, etc.) must be slinged (tied) in accordance with the methods of safe slinging (tying) of goods developed by the enterprise. Graphic images of these methods (slinging schemes) must be handed out to the crane operator or posted at the work sites. For loads on which there are loops, trunnions, eyelets designed to lift the load in different positions, slinging schemes should also be developed. Lifting of cargo for which slinging schemes have not been developed must be carried out in the presence and under the guidance of a person responsible for the safe carrying out of work on moving cargo by cranes.
3.11.17. Work in a territory that is dangerous in terms of explosion and fire, or with poisonous, caustic cargoes, the manager should carry out only after receiving a special instruction from the person responsible for the safe carrying out of work on moving cargo with cranes.
3.11.18. During the operation of a self-propelled jib crane, the distance between the rotary part of the crane in any position and the dimensions of buildings, stacks of goods or other objects must be at least 1 meter.
3.12. When lifting and moving loads, the crane operator is prohibited from:
3.12.1. Allow persons who do not have a certificate of slingers (couplers) to slinging, hooking and tying cargo, as well as use removable load gripping devices that do not have stamps or tags indicating their number, load capacity and test date. In these cases, the crane operator must stop working with the crane and notify the person responsible for the safe carrying out of work on the movement of goods with cranes.
3.12.2. Lift or turn over a load whose mass exceeds the capacity of the crane for a given reach of the boom. If the crane operator does not know the mass of the load, then he must obtain such information from the person responsible for the safe conduct of work on the movement of goods by cranes.
3.12.3. Lower the boom with the load until the departure, at which the crane's lifting capacity will be less than the mass of the load being lifted.
3.12.4. Perform sudden braking when turning the boom with a load.
3.12.5. To drag cargo along the ground, rails or logs with a crane hook with an oblique tension of the ropes, as well as move railway cars, platforms, trolleys or carts with a hook.
3.12.6. To tear off with a hook a load covered with earth or frozen to the ground, embedded with other loads, reinforced with bolts or poured with concrete.
3.12.7. Release the removable load-handling devices (slings, chains, traverses, grips, etc.) pinched by the load with a crane.
3.12.8. Lift reinforced concrete and concrete products weighing more than 500 kilograms, which are not marked and marked with actual weight.
3.12.9. Lift up:
- reinforced concrete products with damaged hinges;
- loads, slinging (tying, gearing) of which does not correspond to the schemes safe methods slings;
- goods in an unstable position;
- loads suspended by one horn of a two-horned hook;
- cargoes in containers overfilled above the sides.
3.12.10. Lay the load on electrical cables and pipelines, as well as on the edge of a slope or trench.
3.12.11. Lift a load with people on it, as well as a load that is leveled by a mass of people or supported by hands.
3.12.12. Transfer control of the crane to persons who do not have the right to operate the crane.
3.12.13. Carry out loading and unloading of vehicles while the driver or other persons are in the cab.
3.12.14. Lift cylinders with compressed or liquefied gas not enclosed in special containers.
3.13. The crane operator is obliged to lower the load, stop the operation of the crane and inform the person responsible for the safe carrying out of work on the movement of goods by cranes in case of malfunctions specified in paragraphs 2.9.1.-2.9.9. this manual, as well as:
3.13.1. When approaching a thunderstorm, strong wind, the speed of which exceeds the permissible for the operation of this crane and indicated in its passport. In this case, the crane operator must follow the instructions of the manufacturer's instructions to prevent the crane from being stolen by the wind.
4.6. Remove overalls, face, wash hands with soap; shower if possible. Do not wash your hands with gasoline, lubricating oil, etc.
4.7. Report to the head of work on all the shortcomings that occurred during work.
5. Safety requirements in an emergency
5.1. In case of an accident or a situation that can lead to an accident (approaching a thunderstorm, strong wind, snowfall and fog, ice; at temperatures below the permissible minus temperature indicated in the passport; when twisting ropes, cracks in the metal structures of a crane, boom, etc.), you must immediately stop work, to protect the danger zone, to prevent unauthorized persons from entering it.
5.2. Report what happened to the supervisor.
5.3. If there are casualties, provide them with first aid. If necessary, call an ambulance.
5.3.1. First aid for electric shock.
In case of electric shock, it is necessary to immediately release the victim from the action of electric current by disconnecting the electrical installation from the power source, and if it is impossible to turn it off, pull him away from the conductive parts by clothing or using improvised insulating material.
If the victim has no breathing and pulse, it is necessary to give him artificial respiration and indirect (external) heart massage, paying attention to the pupils. Dilated pupils indicate a sharp deterioration in the blood circulation of the brain. In this state of recovery, it is necessary to start immediately, and then call an ambulance.
5.3.2. First aid for injury.
To provide first aid in case of injury, it is necessary to open an individual package, apply a sterile dressing material, which is placed in it, to the wound and tie it with a bandage.
If somehow the individual package was not found, then a clean handkerchief, a clean linen rag, etc. must be used for dressing. On a rag that is applied directly to the wound, it is advisable to drip a few drops of tincture of iodine to get a stain larger than the wound, and then apply the rag to the wound. It is especially important to apply the tincture of iodine in this way to contaminated wounds.
5.3.3. First aid for fractures, dislocations, shocks.
In case of fractures and dislocations of the limbs, it is necessary to strengthen the damaged limb with a splint, plywood plate, stick, cardboard or other similar object. The injured arm can also be hung with a bandage or handkerchief from the neck and bandaged to the torso.
In case of a skull fracture (unconscious state after a blow to the head, bleeding from the ears or from the mouth), it is necessary to attach a cold object to the head (a heating pad with ice, snow or cold water) or make a cold lotion.
If a fracture of the spine is suspected, it is necessary to put the victim on the board, without lifting him, turn the victim on his stomach, face down, while observing that the body does not bend, in order to avoid damage to the spinal cord.
In case of a fracture of the ribs, a sign of which is pain during breathing, coughing, sneezing, movements, it is necessary to tightly bandage the chest or pull it off with a towel during exhalation.
5.3.4. First aid for thermal burns.
In case of burns with fire, steam, hot objects, in no case should you open the formed blisters and bandage the burns with a bandage.
For first-degree burns (redness), the burned area is treated with cotton wool soaked in ethyl alcohol.
For second-degree burns (blister), the burned area is treated with alcohol or a 3% manganese solution or a 5% tannin solution.
Third-degree burns (destruction leather fabric) cover the wound with a sterile bandage, call a doctor.
5.3.5. First aid for bleeding.
In order to stop bleeding, you must:
- raise the injured limb up;
- close the bleeding wound with a dressing (from a bag) folded into a ball, press it from above, without touching the wound itself, hold for 4-5 minutes. If the bleeding stops without removing the applied material, put another pad from another bag or a piece of cotton on top of it, and bandage the wounded area (with some pressure);
- in case of severe bleeding that cannot be stopped with a bandage, squeezing of the blood vessels that feed the wounded area is applied by bending the limb at the joints, as well as with fingers, a tourniquet or a clamp. In case of heavy bleeding, you should immediately call a doctor.
5.4. If a fire occurs on the crane, the driver is obliged to immediately start extinguishing it, simultaneously calling the fire brigade members serving the crane, the fire department, in case of fire on the electric crane, first of all, turn off the switch that supplies voltage to the crane.
5.5. Follow the instructions of the head of work to eliminate the emergency.
This instruction on labor protection for the driver overhead crane available for free viewing and download.
1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LABOR PROTECTION
1.1. Persons who have reached the age of 18, who have no contraindications for health reasons, who have been trained and certified according to the appropriate program in an educational institution, who have passed introductory and primary workplace safety briefings, internships and testing knowledge of the requirements, are allowed to work as an overhead crane operator. labor protection.
1.2. The overhead crane driver must daily pass instrumental control for being in a state of intoxication or in a state caused by the use of narcotic drugs, psychotropic, toxic or other intoxicating substances.
1.3. The overhead crane operator must be additionally trained and certified as a slinger.
1.4. Overhead crane operators and their assistants, when transferring from one type of crane to another, to which they were not previously allowed to operate, must be trained and certified before being assigned to work. Training in this case can be carried out according to an abbreviated program.
1.5. When transferring overhead crane operators and their assistants from one crane to another of the same type, but of a different model, different index or with a different drive, they must be familiar with the features of the device and maintenance of such a crane and undergo an internship. After checking their knowledge and practical skills, they can be allowed to work independently.
1.6. Testing knowledge on labor protection should be carried out at least once every 12 months. Extraordinary examination of knowledge is carried out:
- when the employee moves to another place of work;
- at the request of a specialist responsible for supervising the safe operation of lifting structures, or an inspector of Rostekhnadzor;
- after a break in work for more than 12 months.
1.7. After completing the training and testing knowledge, a certificate is issued, which the overhead crane operator must have with him during work.
1.8. The results of attestation and knowledge testing should be documented in a protocol with a corresponding mark in the certificate.
1.9. An overhead crane operator must be familiar with the Federal Industrial Safety Standards and Regulations "Safety Rules for Hazardous Production Facilities Using Lifting Structures".
1.10. An overhead crane operator must be trained to be assigned the II electrical safety group. Crane operators authorized to service electrical equipment must have an electrical safety group of at least III.
1.11. Slingers must be appointed to hang the load on the hook of a crane controlled from the control cabin. When two or more slingers work, one of them is appointed senior.
1.12. The overhead crane operator must:
- know and comply with the internal labor regulations of the organization;
- to know this manual and comply with labor protection requirements;
- observe the rules of electrical and fire safety, personal hygiene rules;
- observe the rules of conduct on the territory of the organization, in production, auxiliary and amenity premises;
- know the manufacturer's instructions for the operation of the crane;
- know the device of the crane, the device and purpose of its mechanisms and safety devices;
- possess the skills necessary to operate and maintain the crane mechanisms;
- know the range and purpose of lubricants used to lubricate the rubbing parts of the crane;
- know the safe ways of slinging or hooking loads;
- be able to determine the suitability for work of ropes and removable load-handling devices (slings, traverses and containers);
- know the rules for the safe movement of goods by crane;
- know the methods of relieving people under voltage from the action of the current, and how to provide them with first aid;
- know the persons responsible for the good condition of cranes and for the safe performance of work by cranes;
- know the location and be able to use a first aid kit, in case of an accident at work, provide first aid to the victim and organize his delivery to a healthcare facility;
- know the location and be able to use primary fire extinguishing equipment.
1.13. It is forbidden to be in a state of alcoholic intoxication or in a state caused by the use of narcotic drugs, psychotropic or toxic substances.
1.14. It is forbidden to drink alcohol, use narcotic drugs, psychotropic or toxic substances at the workplace or during working hours.
1.15. Smoking is allowed only in specially equipped places.
1.16. An overhead crane operator must supervise the work of slingers and be responsible for the actions of a student assigned to him for an internship.
1.17. The overhead crane operator is obliged to use and correctly apply personal and collective protective equipment.
1.18. Dangerous and harmful production factors that may affect the overhead crane operator when performing work:
- moving vehicles, lifting machines and mechanisms, moving parts of production equipment;
- transported and stored goods;
- increased or decreased air temperature of the working area;
- increased or decreased temperature of the surfaces of equipment, cargo;
- increased voltage in the electrical circuit, the closure of which can occur through the human body;
- increased gas contamination and dustiness of the air of the working area;
- high or low air humidity;
- increased or decreased air mobility;
- insufficient illumination of the working area;
– crane overloads;
- cramped working conditions;
- malfunction of the crane runway;
— unfavorable meteorological conditions;
- the location of the workplace at a height.
1.19. During the production of loading and unloading operations with dangerous goods, other dangerous and harmful production factors may also affect the drivers.
1.20. An overhead crane operator is obliged to assist and cooperate in ensuring healthy and safe working conditions, immediately notify his immediate supervisor or other official about a malfunction of equipment, tools, devices, vehicles, protective equipment, or about the deterioration of his health.
1.21. For violation of the requirements of this Instruction, the overhead crane driver is liable in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation.
2. HEALTH REQUIREMENTS BEFORE STARTING WORK
2.1. Before starting work, the overhead crane operator is obliged to familiarize himself with the entries in the crane operator's logbook and inspect the crane:
— crane runways;
- grounding device (conductors, tires);
- running gear of the crane;
— brakes;
- grounding;
- hook and its fastening in the holder;
- slings and other pulling devices, containers;
- metal structures, bolted and riveted joints;
— mechanisms and electrical equipment;
- ropes and their fastenings on drums;
- anti-theft agents.
2.2. The results of inspection and testing of the crane by the overhead crane operator must be recorded in the logbook.
2.3. When inspecting and testing hoisting machines, it is necessary to check the serviceability of:
- blocking hatches and doors in the crane guards, which should turn off unprotected trolley wires to prevent the danger associated with accidentally touching them when entering the crane gallery;
- safety devices (limit switches for limiters of load capacity, height), blocking devices and alarms;
- fencing of all current-carrying parts accessible to touch, moving and rotating parts of crane mechanisms, allowing convenient and safe inspection and lubrication of mechanisms;
— working and repair lighting of the crane. When the electric drives of the crane mechanisms are turned off, the lighting must remain connected. Cranes must be equipped with low-voltage repair lighting with a voltage of not more than 42 V. The electrical circuit of repair lighting must be powered from a transformer or battery installed on the crane.
2.4. The overhead crane operator must:
- make sure that you have inventory, tools and protective equipment (dielectric mats, galoshes, gloves). The tool must only be used with electrically insulated handles;
- check the presence of lubrication of mechanisms and, if necessary, lubricate them;
- make sure that there are no maintenance personnel or unauthorized persons on the crane and crane runways, extra items, which, when moving, may fall down;
- get a brand key that includes an electrical circuit for controlling the crane;
- obtain a permit to work with a crane from a person responsible for the safe performance of work with cranes. Cranes, removable load-handling devices and containers may be allowed to move goods, the mass of which does not exceed the passport load capacity;
- after inspecting the crane, test the mechanisms at idle without load;
- get acquainted with the order and dimensions of the stored cargo, with the conditions for the production of work.
2.5. If during the inspection and testing of the mechanisms, malfunctions are found that impede the safe operation of the crane and which cannot be eliminated on their own, the driver, without starting work, must inform the person responsible for maintaining the cranes in good condition.
2.6. The overhead crane operator may start working on the crane only after the elimination of all detected malfunctions and the corresponding entry about this in the crane watch log by the person who eliminated the malfunctions.
3. HEALTH REQUIREMENTS DURING WORK
3.1. During the operation of the crane mechanisms, the driver should not be distracted from his direct duties, as well as clean, lubricate and repair the mechanisms.
3.2. The overhead crane driver must not allow unauthorized persons to the crane, and also transfer control of the crane to them without the permission of the person responsible for maintaining the cranes in good condition.
3.3. An overhead crane operator must enter and exit the crane only through the landing area or passage gallery: it is not allowed to enter and exit the crane while the movement or lifting mechanisms are operating. Access to the crane tracks during the operation of the crane must be closed. When strangers appear on the crane tracks, the driver must stop the crane.
3.4. Cranes in operation must be equipped with plates indicating the registration number, passport capacity, date of the next partial and full technical certification. Inscriptions for overhead cranes must be clearly visible from the ground or floor of the workshop.
3.5. Before the crane starts operating, the overhead crane operator must give a warning sound signal.
3.6. It is forbidden to leave any loose objects on the crane, as well as tools in places not intended for storage.
3.7. Lubricants and cleaning materials should be stored in a metal box with a tight-fitting lid, secured in convenient location tap, in an amount not exceeding the daily requirement. Used cleaning material must not be stored on the faucet.
3.8. An overhead crane operator is prohibited from disabling safety devices (jamming contactors, turning off load limiters, brake electromagnets, electrical protection, etc.), as well as working if they fail.
3.9. The overhead crane operator must use the organization's established procedure for exchanging signals between the slinger and the crane operator. When moving goods by cranes, sign signaling is recommended:
- Lift a load or hook - Intermittent movement of the arm up at waist level, palm facing up, arm bent at the elbow;
- Lower the load or hook - Intermittent movement of the hand down in front of the chest, palm facing down, arm bent at the elbow;
- Move crane (bridge) - Movement outstretched hand, the palm is turned in the direction of the required movement;
- Move the cart - Movement with the arm bent at the elbow, the palm facing the desired movement of the cart;
- Turn the arrow - Movement of the arm bent at the elbow, the palm facing the direction of the desired movement of the arrow;
- Raise the boom - Movement upwards with an outstretched arm, previously lowered to a vertical position, the palm is open;
- Lower the boom - Movement down with an outstretched arm, previously raised to a vertical position, the palm is open;
- Stop (stop lifting or moving) - A sharp movement of the hand to the right and left at waist level, palm facing down;
- Caution (used before giving any of the above signals if a slight movement is necessary) - The hands are turned palms to each other at a short distance, while the arms are raised up.
3.10. When the crane cabin is located at a height of more than 36 m, two-way radio communications should be used. Sign signaling and a signal exchange system for radio communications should be included in the production instructions for overhead crane operators and slingers.
3.11. In cases where the area served by the crane is not completely visible from the cab of the overhead crane driver and in the absence of radio or telephone communication between the driver and the slinger for signal transmission, a signalman from among the slingers must be assigned to the driver. The procedure for appointing signalers is established by the organization operating the cranes.
3.12. When performing loading and unloading operations with cranes, the following safety requirements must be observed:
- work with lifting mechanisms and mechanisms for moving the crane at the signal of the slinger;
- immediately suspend work on the “Stop” signal, regardless of who gave it;
- lifting, lowering, moving the load, braking during all movements should be performed smoothly, without jerks;
- before lifting or lowering the load, it is necessary to make sure that there are no slinger or other persons near the load, stack, railway car, car and other place of lifting or lowering the load, as well as between the load and these objects;
- it is necessary to sling and unhook the load after the load rope has completely stopped, it has been loosened and with the hook suspension or traverse lowered;
- for the supply of slings under the load, it is necessary to use special devices;
- slinging of the cargo must be carried out in accordance with the slinging scheme for this cargo;
- the load during the movement must be lifted at least 0.5 m above the objects encountered on the way;
- it is necessary to lower the load to the place intended and prepared for it on the lining, which ensures the stable position of the load and the ease of removing the slings from under it.
3.13. During operation, the overhead crane operator must ensure that the slinger does not pull the load when it is lifted, moved and lowered, and does not adjust the slings in the air.
3.14. When lifting and moving cargo, the overhead crane operator must be guided by the following:
- before lifting the load, warn the slinger and all persons near the crane about the need to leave the area of the load being lifted. The movement of cargo can only be carried out if there are no people in the crane operation area;
- when loading and unloading trolleys, motor vehicles and trailers for them, railway platforms and gondola cars, crane operation is allowed only when there are no people on the vehicles;
- install the hook of the lifting mechanism above the load so that when lifting the load, oblique tension of the load rope is excluded;
- when lifting a load with a mass close to the permitted carrying capacity, it is necessary to first lift the load to a height of no more than 200-300 mm to make sure that the brakes are working properly, as well as the correct slinging, and then lift it to the desired height;
- stacking and disassembling of cargo should be carried out evenly, without violating the dimensions established for warehousing cargo and without blocking the aisles;
- the loading of cargo into gondola cars, on platforms and trolleys, as well as its removal must be carried out without disturbing the balance of gondola cars, trolleys and platforms and under the supervision of a person responsible for the safe performance of work by cranes;
- carefully monitor the ropes: in case they fall off the drum or blocks, loops form or damage to the ropes is detected, the operator is obliged to stop the operation of the crane.
3.15. When lifting and moving loads, the overhead crane operator is prohibited from:
- allow unauthorized persons who do not have a slinger's certificate to strap or hook cargo, as well as use load gripping devices without brands or tags. The driver in these cases must stop working with a crane and notify the person responsible for the safe performance of work with cranes;
– load and unload cargo by crane in the absence of their schemes correct strapping and leads;
- transfer mechanisms from forward to reverse until they stop completely;
- to drag cargo along the ground, rails and logs with a crane hook with an oblique tension of the ropes, as well as move railway cars, platforms, trolleys or carts with a hook;
- to lift with a hook a load covered with earth or frozen to the ground, laid by other loads, fixed with bolts or filled with concrete, as well as swinging the load in order to tear it off;
- release the removable load-handling devices (slings, pliers, etc.) pinched by the load with a crane;
- lift reinforced concrete and concrete products that do not have mass markings;
- lift reinforced concrete products with damaged hinges, cargo that is incorrectly tied, in an unstable position, as well as in a container filled above the sides;
- lift a load with people on it, as well as a load leveled by a mass of people or supported by hands;
- transfer control of the crane to persons who do not have crane control certificates, as well as allow assistants and trainees to independently control them without supervision;
- load cargo into vehicles and unload them while the driver or other persons are in the cab;
- to adjust the lifting brake with a raised load;
- lift cylinders with compressed and liquefied gases that are not packed in special containers;
- lower the load into place in the absence of adequate strength of gaskets and linings.
3.16. The operator of the overhead crane is obliged to lower the load, stop the operation of the crane and inform the person responsible for the safe performance of work by cranes about this:
- in case of breakdown of mechanisms or metal structures of the crane;
- in case of insufficient lighting of the crane work site, heavy snowfall or fog, as well as in other cases when the driver does not clearly distinguish between the signals of the slinger or the load being moved;
- at an air temperature below minus, indicated in the crane passport;
- when a thunderstorm approaches, with a strong wind, the speed of which exceeds the permissible during the operation of this crane, indicated in its passport; at the same time, the driver must follow the instructions of the manufacturer against theft of the crane by the wind.
3.17. Entrances to crane tracks, galleries of overhead cranes in operation must be locked. The admission of the personnel servicing the cranes, as well as other workers on the crane tracks and passage galleries of the operating overhead cranes for the performance of repair or any other work, must be carried out according to the work permit, which determines the conditions for the safe performance of work.
3.18. Crane operators of all shifts of the span, the shop where the work is performed, and, if necessary, the operators of adjacent spans, should be notified of the forthcoming work by an entry in the logbook.
3.19. For each workshop (span) that is not equipped with passage galleries along the crane track where overhead cranes operate, measures must be developed for the safe descent of the overhead crane operator from the cab when the crane is forced to stop not at the landing site. These activities must be specified in the production instructions for the crane operator.
3.20. Overhead cranes, by decision of the owner, can be used for construction, painting and other work from the sites available on the crane. Such work must be carried out according to a work permit that defines safety measures that prevent falling from a crane, electric shock, access to crane tracks, collision of cranes, simultaneous movement of a crane and its trolley. The use of a crane for moving goods when performing the specified work from its bridge is not allowed.
3.21. The voltage supply to the electrical equipment of the crane from the external network must be carried out through the input device (knife switch, circuit breaker) with manual or remote drive.
3.22. To supply voltage to the main trolleys or flexible cable, a switch must be installed in a place accessible for disconnection. The switch must have a device for locking it in the off position. On the body of the switch must be indicated the registration number of the valve, which is energized.
3.23. Control cabin of a crane operating in the open air, as well as in a room with a temperature environment below +10°C must be equipped with a heater. Electrical heating appliances must be connected to the electrical network after the input device and must not be disconnected when the crane mechanisms are turned off.
3.24. It is forbidden to use homemade heaters and heaters with an open coil.
3.25. The level of the working fluid must be controlled by the minimum and maximum marks on the oil sight glass. The use of probes is not allowed.
3.26. The limiters of the movement mechanisms must ensure that the engines are turned off at next distance all the way:
- for bridge loaders - not less than the full braking distance;
- for other cranes - at least half of the braking distance.
3.27. Cranes whose lifting capacity varies with the overhang must be provided with a load capacity indicator corresponding to the overhang. The scale (panel) of the load indicator must be clearly visible from the workplace of the crane operator.
3.28. Bridge-type cranes must be equipped with a device for automatic stress relief from the crane when entering the gallery. For cranes operating indoors, trolleys with a voltage of not more than 42 V may not be turned off.
3.29. For overhead cranes, the entrance to which is provided through the gallery of the bridge, the door for entering the gallery must be equipped with a lock.
3.30. The door for entering the control cabin, moving with the crane, from the side of the landing site must be equipped with an electric interlock that prohibits the movement of the crane when open door.
3.31. If the cabin has a vestibule, then the vestibule door is provided with such a lock.
3.32. Overhead loader cranes must be equipped with a device (anemometer) that automatically turns on the sound signal when the wind speed is reached, specified in the crane passport for the operating state of the crane.
3.33. Cranes moving along the crane track, and their trolleys, to mitigate a possible impact on the stops or on each other, must be equipped with elastic buffer devices.
3.34. Cranes and cargo trolleys moving along the crane track must be equipped with supporting parts in case of breakage of the wheels and axles of the undercarriage.
3.35. The direction of movement of the handles and levers should, if possible, correspond to the direction of movement of the mechanisms.
3.36. Conventions the directions of the motions to be called must be indicated on the control devices and kept for the duration of their operation.
3.37. The individual positions of the levers of the handles must be fixed; the locking force in the zero position must be greater than in any other position. With stepless regulation, the handles must be fixed only in the zero position.
3.38. Button devices, intended for reverse start of the mechanism, must have an electrical interlock, which excludes the supply of voltage to the reversing devices when both buttons are pressed simultaneously.
3.39. The cabin must be provided Free access to the equipment in it.
3.40. The cabin of cranes intended for outdoor operation must have a solid fence on all sides and a solid upper ceiling that protects against the effects of adverse meteorological factors. Sun shields must be installed in cabs.
3.41. Cabin light openings must be made of unbreakable (shatterproof) glass.
3.42. For overhead double-girder and mobile jib cranes and overhead trolleys operating indoors, it is allowed to use an open cabin with a solid fence to a height of at least 1,000 mm from the floor. In this case, the upper overlap may not be arranged.
3.43. For overhead single girder and overhead cranes, the cab enclosure designed for sitting operation can be made to a height of 700 mm.
3.44. When fencing the cab to a height of up to 1,000 mm with unbreakable (shatterproof) glass, it is necessary to use additional fencing metal grating.
3.45. The door to enter the cabin must be hinged or sliding and with inside must be equipped with a lock.
3.46. The hinged door should open inside the cabin, with the exception of self-propelled jib cranes, and also if there is a vestibule or platform with an appropriate fence in front of the entrance to the cabin; in these cases, the cab door can open outwards.
3.47. Cranes operating outdoors must be equipped with a device for locking the door from the outside when the driver leaves the crane. Entry into the cabin through the hatch is not allowed.
3.48. The floor in the cabin of the crane with an electric drive must have a flooring made of non-metallic materials that exclude slipping and covered with a dielectric mat. In cabins with a large floor area, mats with a size of at least 500 × 700 mm can only be laid in places where electrical equipment is serviced.
3.49. Crane cabins must be equipped with a fixed seat for the crane operator, arranged so that it is possible to sit down to operate the crane and monitor the load. It should be possible to adjust the position of the seat in height and in the horizontal longitudinal direction for ease of operation and maintenance of control devices.
3.50. The running wheels of cranes moving along the crane track (with the exception of railway cranes) and their support trolleys must be equipped with guards to prevent foreign objects from getting under the wheels. The gap between the shield and the rail should not exceed 10 mm.
3.51. Easily accessible, moving parts of the crane that are dangerous during operation must be closed with firmly fixed metal fences. Protective guards for parts requiring constant monitoring and maintenance must be removable.
3.52. Mandatory protective fencing is subject to:
- gear, chain and worm gears;
- couplings with protruding bolts and keys, as well as other couplings located in the places of passage;
- drums located near the workplace of the crane operator or in the aisles; at the same time, the protection of the drums should not impede the observation of the winding of the rope on the drum;
- the shaft of the bridge-type crane travel mechanism at a speed of 50 rpm or more (at a speed of less than 50 rpm, this shaft must be protected at the location of the hatch to exit to the gallery);
- shafts of other crane mechanisms, if they are located in places intended for the passage of service personnel;
- Rope blocks of hook suspension.
3.53. The crane must have a convenient entrance and access to the cabin. Overhead cranes must also have a safe exit to the crane trolley.
3.54. Entrance to the control cabin of an overhead crane through the bridge is allowed only in cases where direct landing into the cockpit is not possible for design or production reasons. In this case, the entrance to the crane must be arranged in a specially designated place through the door in the bridge fence, equipped with an electrical interlock and sound alarm.
3.55. The flooring should be arranged along the entire length and width of the gallery or platform. Metal flooring must be made in such a way as to exclude the possibility of slipping of the legs (expanded steel, corrugated sheets). In the case of decking with holes, one of the hole sizes must not exceed 20 mm.
3.56. Galleries, platforms, walkways and stairs arranged at the locations of trolleys or uninsulated live wires, regardless of the presence of entrance blockages, must be fenced to prevent accidental contact with trolleys or bare wires.
3.57. Slinging schemes, a graphic representation of the methods of slinging and hitching loads must be handed out to slingers and crane operators or hung out at work sites.
3.58. The movement of cargo, for which slinging schemes have not been developed, must be carried out in the presence and under the guidance of a person responsible for the safe performance of work by cranes.
3.59. The warehousing of goods should be carried out according to technological maps indicating the places and sizes of warehousing, the sizes of passages, driveways, etc., with which the persons responsible for the safe carrying out of loading and unloading operations (persons responsible for the safe performance of works by cranes, the driver crane, slinger), workers performing loading and unloading and warehouse work.
3.60. During the operation of the crane is not allowed:
- entrance to the crane cabin during its movement;
- finding people near a working self-propelled jib crane in order to avoid pinching them between the rotary and non-rotary parts of the crane;
- movement of a load that is in an unstable position or suspended by one horn of a two-horned hook;
- movement of people or cargo with people on it. The lifting of people by bridge-type cranes can be carried out in exceptional cases, provided for by the crane operation manual, and only in a specially designed and manufactured cabin after the development of measures to ensure the safety of people;
- lifting of cargo covered with earth or frozen to the ground, embedded with other cargoes, reinforced with bolts or otherwise, poured with concrete, as well as metal and slag, frozen in a furnace or welded after draining;
- moving, pulling cargo along the ground, floor, rails and the like with a crane hook with an inclined position of the cargo ropes without the use of guide blocks that ensure the vertical position of the cargo ropes;
- release by crane of slings, ropes or chains pinched by the load;
- pulling the load during its lifting, moving and lowering. To turn long and bulky loads during their movement, hooks or braces of the appropriate length should be used;
- alignment of the transported cargo by hand, as well as the amendment of the slings in weight;
- the use of limit switches as working bodies for automatically stopping mechanisms, with the exception of the case when the overhead crane approaches the landing site arranged at the end of the building;
- work with disconnected or faulty safety devices and brakes;
- switching on the crane mechanisms when people are on the crane outside its cabin. An exception is allowed for persons conducting inspection and adjustment of mechanisms, electrical equipment and safety devices. In this case, the mechanisms must be switched on at the signal of the person performing the inspection;
- landing in a container lifted by a crane, and the presence of people in it;
– violation of projects for the production of construction and installation works, technological maps for warehousing goods, loading and unloading vehicles, and others technological regulations;
- simultaneous unloading (loading) of vehicles manually and by hoisting machines and mechanisms, lifting and transport equipment;
- movement of goods by cranes over the place of manual unloading of goods;
- when unloading (loading) cargo with cranes, drag them with a hook and enter the area of the stack, over which the cargo is moving.
3.61. The operation of the crane must be stopped when the wind speed exceeds the allowable for this crane, during snowfall, rain or fog, at temperatures below those indicated in the passport, and in other cases when the crane driver does not distinguish between the signals of the slinger or the load being moved.
3.62. The overhead crane operator is prohibited from independently repairing the crane, individual mechanisms, electrical equipment, inspecting and repairing the main trolls and current collectors, as well as fuses.
3.63. In the event of a crane malfunction, the overhead crane operator must make an entry in the watch log, stop working on the crane and report the detected malfunction to his immediate supervisor.
3.64. If it is necessary to inspect, repair, adjust mechanisms, electrical equipment of the crane, inspect and repair metal structures, if it is necessary to go to the floor of the overhead crane gallery, the driver must turn off the switch of the input device and hang out a poster with the inscription: “Do not turn on. People are working!
3.65. The overhead crane operator must lower the load and stop work:
- in case of damage or breakage of the crane;
- in case of falling ropes from the drum or blocks, formation of loops on the ropes or detection of damage to the ropes;
- in case of malfunction safety devices;
- if electrical equipment cases or metal structures are energized;
- with frequent operation of the maximum current or thermal protection of the motor.
4. REQUIREMENTS FOR LABOR PROTECTION IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
4.1. Emergencies and accidents during crane operation can occur for organizational, technological and other reasons, in particular due to:
- being in the workplace in a state of intoxication;
- admission to work of untrained, not instructed, not certified persons;
- falls into unprotected or uncovered openings;
- non-use of PPE;
- crane malfunctions, incl. safety devices and brakes;
- malfunctions of removable load-handling devices and their non-compliance with the project for the production of work;
- unsatisfactory condition construction site;
- uncoordinated actions of slingers, crane operators, mechanics and installers;
- insufficient illumination of the place of work;
— unfavorable meteorological factors.
4.2. In case of accidents and accidents, the driver must stop the crane, immediately take measures to provide the injured person (victims) with first aid and notify the person responsible for the safe operation of cranes, maintain the situation of the accident if this does not pose a danger to human life and health.
4.3. If a fire breaks out on the crane, the crane operator must immediately turn off the switch in the cab and start extinguishing the fire with the fire fighting equipment available on the crane, call the fire brigade by phone 101 or 112, leave the crane cab if necessary and retire to a safe distance.
4.4. In the event of a sudden power outage to the crane, the operator must place the handwheels or controller handles in the neutral position and turn off the switch in the cab.
4.5. Information about design flaws, manufacturing defects, non-compliance identified during the operation of cranes performance characteristics passport data must be transferred to the RTN.
4.6. In the event of an accident of cranes registered with RTH and incidents that occurred during their operation, the organization is obliged to immediately report to RTH and ensure the safety of the situation of the accident or incident until the arrival of a representative of RTH, if this does not pose a danger to human life and health.
4.7. In the event of an unforeseen (emergency) stop of the overhead crane not at the landing site and, if necessary, to get off the crane, the overhead crane operator must:
- turn off all control devices, remove the key-mark from the lock of the input device;
- inform the person responsible for the safe operation of cranes through slingers or other workers about an unforeseen stop and the alleged reasons for the stop.
4.8. The person responsible for the safe performance of work with cranes must check with the relevant services for the duration of the crane downtime and make a decision on the evacuation of the crane operator from the crane cab.
4.9. Ways to evacuate the driver from the crane cab:
- along the ladder, which is attached to the crane cabin from the side of the front door. The ladder with hooks must securely cling to the barrier strip of the cabin, and the lower end of the ladder must rest securely on the floor;
- using a car hydraulic lift (aerial platform), using a safety belt;
- another crane, located in the same span, drives up to the established crane at low speed for the minimum allowable distance, and the crane driver from the stopped crane through the bridge gallery, accompanied by a mechanic, goes into the approaching crane.
5. REQUIREMENTS FOR HEALTH AND SAFETY AFTER THE END OF WORK
5.1. Lower the load to the ground, remove the slings and raise the hook to the top position.
5.2. Put the crane in the place intended for parking, slow it down.
5.3. Turn off and lock the switch that feeds the flexible cable.
5.4. Inspect the crane, check the serviceability of the mechanisms and safety devices, make an entry in the watch log about the delivery of the crane and its condition.
5.5. Take off overalls and PPE, hand them over to the storage place.
5.6. Follow the rules of personal hygiene.
5.7. Report to your immediate supervisor about all the shortcomings identified during the work and its completion.
5.8. When the crane is operating in several shifts, the driver handing over the shift must inform his shift worker about all the problems identified during the operation of the crane and hand over the shift by making an appropriate entry in the logbook.
We thank Irina for the provided instructions! =)
Instruction No.___
INSTRUCTIONS
on labor protection
for the operator (driver) of the crane-manipulator
The instruction is drawn up in accordance with " standard instruction for operators (drivers) on the safe operation of loader cranes” RD 22-330-03.
1. General safety requirements
1.1. The following employees are allowed to operate the crane-manipulator:
- not younger than 18 years old;
- who have passed a preliminary medical examination and have no contraindications;
- trained according to a special program and mastered the requirements of this Instruction;
- having II group on electrical safety;
- who have completed an internship at the workplace and certification by the qualification commission.
A certified manipulator crane driver is issued a certificate certified by the signatures of the chairman of the commission and the inspector of the State Gortekhnadzor indicating the type of crane he is allowed to manage.
1.2. Admission to work for a crane operator is issued by order of the enterprise after an introductory briefing, the issuance of a certificate of knowledge of labor protection rules with a warning card, and briefing at the workplace.
1.3. Re-checking the knowledge of the driver should be carried out by the commission of the enterprise:
- periodically - at least once every 12 months;
- when moving from one enterprise to another;
- at the request of the person responsible for supervision.
The results of testing the driver's knowledge must be documented in a protocol, the number of which is affixed to the certificate and confirmed by the seal of the enterprise.
1.4. Drivers who have been trained and have a certificate for the right to operate load-lifting cranes-manipulators must know:
- manuals for operation of cranes-manipulators and safety devices of manufacturers;
- production instructions;
- device of cranes-manipulators, purpose, principles of operation and arrangement of nodes of mechanisms and safety devices of cranes-manipulators;
- device of load-handling devices;
- instructions for labor protection;
- techniques and methods of providing first aid to the victims.
1.5. The driver must:
- comply with the internal labor regulations of the enterprise;
- perform only the work for which he has been instructed and approved by the work manager or foreman;
- use overalls, special footwear and safety equipment and devices;
- bear personal responsibility for compliance with safety requirements and for the safety of workmates;
- do not comply with orders if they contradict the requirements of labor protection;
- smoking only in places specially designated for this purpose, with the inscription "Smoking Area", provided with fire extinguishing equipment and equipped with bins or boxes with sand
1.6. The driver may be exposed to the following hazardous and harmful production factors:
- moving machines and mechanisms;
- transported and stored goods;
- increased dust content in the air of the working area;
- unfavorable microclimate;
- dangerous voltage in the electrical circuit;
- unguarded moving or rotating equipment.
1.7. The driver, depending on the working conditions, must be provided with overalls, safety shoes and personal protective equipment:
- cotton overalls;
- dielectric galoshes;
- dielectric gloves.
For outdoor work in winter additionally:
- jacket with insulating lining;
- trousers with insulating lining;
- felt boots.
1.8. During work, the driver is responsible for all actions of the student attached to him for the internship, bears full responsibility for violation of the requirements for the management and maintenance of the crane set forth in this Instruction, and controls the work of the slinger.
1.9. To hang a load on the hook of a loader crane controlled from the cab, slingers who have been properly trained, certified and have a certificate for the right to carry out work on tying loads must be appointed. While working, the slinger must wear a distinctive armband or badge.
1.10. In cases where the area served by the crane is not fully visible from the driver's cab, a signalman from among the workers trained in signaling must be assigned to transmit the signals of the slinger to the driver (crane operator).
1.11. In the cab of each crane, a laced and numbered book should be stored - a logbook for recording the driver's comments when accepting and handing over a shift. Entries in the watch log should be checked daily by a mechanic - a person responsible for the good condition of lifting machines.
1.12. Each crane must be equipped with a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, dielectric gloves, a dielectric mat, the crane cabin door must be locked.
1.13. A plate clearly visible to the operating personnel should be hung on the crane structure indicating the registration number, crane load capacity and the next technical examination period.
1.14. Lifting machines, load-handling devices and containers that have not passed the technical examination or with expired technical examination periods are not allowed to work.
1.15. The organization must develop methods for the correct slinging of goods and post a graphic image in the places of work.
1.16. The place of production of work on lifting and moving goods should be well lit. In case of insufficient illumination of the place of work, heavy snowfall or fog, and also in other cases when the crane operator does not clearly distinguish between the signals of the slinger or the load being moved, the operation of the crane must be stopped.
1.17. Workers must immediately inform the foreman and the head of the site about cases of injury and detection of malfunctions of equipment, fixtures and tools.
1.18. Persons who do not comply with the requirements of this Instruction shall bear criminal and administrative liability in accordance with the established procedure.
2. Safety requirements before starting work
2.1. Before starting work, the operator (driver) must make sure that all mechanisms, metal structures and other parts of the crane-manipulator are in good condition. In doing so, he must:
- inspect the mechanisms of the crane-manipulator, their fastening and brakes, as well as the running gear, traction and buffer devices;
- check the presence and serviceability of the mechanism guards;
- check the lubrication of gears, bearings and ropes, as well as the condition of lubricators and glands;
- inspect in accessible places metal structures and joints of sections of the boom and its suspension elements (ropes, braces, blocks, earrings, etc.), as well as metal structures and welded joints of the running frame (chassis) and the turning part;
- inspect in accessible places the condition of the ropes and their fastening on the drum, boom, grab, as well as the laying of the ropes in the streams of blocks and drums;
- inspect the hook and its fastening in the holder;
- check the serviceability of additional supports (retractable beams, jacks) and stabilizers;
- check the availability and serviceability of safety devices and devices;
- check the serviceability of the lighting of the crane-manipulator, buffer lights and headlights;
- upon acceptance of a hydraulically actuated loader crane, inspect the drive system, flexible hoses, if used, pumps and safety valves on pressure lines.
2.2. The operator (driver) is obliged, together with the slinger, to check the compliance of the load-handling devices with the mass and nature of the load, their serviceability and the presence of stamps or tags on them indicating the carrying capacity, test date and number.
2.3. When accepting a working loader crane, the inspection must be carried out jointly with the operator (driver) handing over the shift. To inspect the crane-manipulator, the owner is obliged to allocate the necessary time to the operator (driver) at the beginning of the shift.
2.4. Inspection of the crane-manipulator should be carried out only when the mechanisms are not working.
2.5. When inspecting a crane-manipulator, the operator (driver) must use a portable lamp with a voltage of not more than 12 V.
2.6. After inspecting the loader crane before putting it into operation, the operator (driver), having made sure that the required approach dimensions are observed, is obliged to test all the mechanisms at idle and check the correct operation:
- crane mechanisms and electrical equipment, if any;
- instruments and safety devices available on the crane;
- brakes;
- hydraulic systems.
2.7. If, during the inspection and testing of the crane-manipulator, faults or shortcomings in its condition that impede safe operation are detected, and it is impossible to eliminate them on their own, the operator (crane operator), without starting work, must report this to the engineering and technical worker responsible for the maintenance of the crane - the manipulator is in good condition, and notify the person responsible for the safe performance of work with cranes-manipulators.
2.8. The operator (driver) should not start working on the loader crane if there are the following faults:
- cracks or deformations in the metal structures of the crane;
- cracks in the boom suspension elements (earrings, rods, etc.);
- lack of cotter pins and previously existing clamps in the places of fastening of the ropes or weakening of the fastening;
- the number of breaks in the wires of the boom or cargo rope or surface wear exceeds the norm established by the operation manual of the crane-manipulator, there is a broken strand or other damage;
- defects in the load lifting mechanism or the boom lifting mechanism that threaten the safety of work;
- damage to the brake parts of the load lifting mechanism or the boom lifting mechanism; wear of hooks in the throat, exceeding 10% of the initial section height, malfunction of the device that closes the hook throat, violation of the fastening of the hook in the clip;
- damage or incompleteness of additional supports, malfunction of stabilizers for automobile and other loader cranes with a sprung undercarriage;
- damage to rope blocks and devices that exclude the exit of the rope from the streams of the block.
2.9. Before starting work, the operator (driver) must:
- get acquainted with the project for the production of work with cranes-manipulators, technological maps of loading, unloading and warehousing of goods;
- check the condition of the site for the installation of a crane;
- make sure that there is no power line at the work site or it is located at a distance of more than 30 m;
- obtain a work permit for the operation of a loader crane at a distance closer than 30 m from the power line;
- check the sufficiency of illumination of the working area;
- make sure that the slingers have certificates and decals.
2.10. Having accepted the loader crane, the operator (driver) must make an appropriate entry in the logbook and, after receiving the assignment and work permit from the person responsible for the safe performance of work by loader cranes, begin work.
2.11. Permission to put into operation caterpillar and pneumatic wheel cranes-manipulators after moving them to a new facility is issued by an engineering and technical worker for supervision of the safe operation of cranes-manipulators on the basis of checking the condition of the crane-manipulator and ensuring safe working conditions with an entry in the logbook.
3. Safety requirements during operation
3.1. When operating a loader crane, the operator (driver) must be guided by the requirements and instructions set out in the operation manual of the loader crane and the production instructions.
3.2. The operator (driver) during the operation of the crane-manipulator mechanisms should not be distracted from their direct duties, as well as clean, lubricate and repair the mechanisms.
3.3. If it is necessary to leave the crane-manipulator, the operator (driver) is obliged to stop the engine that sets the mechanisms of the crane-manipulator in motion and remove the ignition key from the automobile cranes-manipulators. In the absence of an operator (driver), the trainee and other persons are not allowed to operate the loader crane.
3.4. Before making any movement with a loader crane, the operator (driver) must make sure that the trainee is in a safe place, and there are no strangers in the work area of the loader crane.
3.5. If there was a break in the work of the mechanisms of the crane-manipulator, then before turning them on, the crane operator is obliged to give a warning sound signal.
3.6. The movement of the crane-manipulator under the power line should be carried out with the boom lowered (in the transport position).
3.7. During the movement of the loader crane with a load, the position of the boom and the lifting capacity of the loader crane should be set in accordance with the instructions contained in the operation manual of the loader crane. It is not allowed to simultaneously move the crane-manipulator and turn the boom.
3.8. The operator (driver) is obliged to install the crane-manipulator on all additional supports in all cases when such an installation is required according to the passport characteristics of the crane-manipulator; at the same time, he must ensure that the supports are in good order and that strong and stable linings are placed under them, which are an inventory of the crane-manipulator. It is not allowed to place random objects under additional supports.
3.9. It is forbidden for the operator (driver) to be in the cab when the crane-manipulator is installed on additional supports, as well as when it is released from the supports.
3.10. Installation of a crane-manipulator on the edge of the slope of the pit (ditch) is allowed provided that the distances from the beginning of the slope of the pit (ditch) to the edge of the supporting contour of the crane-manipulator are not less than those indicated in the table. If these distances cannot be observed, the slope must be reinforced. The conditions for installing a crane-manipulator on the edge of the slope of the pit (ditch) must be specified in the project for the production of work by cranes-manipulators.
The minimum distance from the beginning of the slope of the pit (ditch) to the edge of the supporting contour of the crane-manipulator in non-filled soil, m
3.11. Loader cranes for construction and installation work should be installed in accordance with the project for the production of work by cranes.
3.12. The installation of loader cranes should be carried out on a planned and prepared site, taking into account the category and nature of the soil. It is not allowed to install loader cranes to work on freshly poured uncompacted soil, as well as on a site with a slope exceeding the allowable for this loader crane in accordance with the operation manual of the loader crane.
3.13. Loader cranes should be installed in such a way that during operation the distance between the rotary part of the loader crane in any position and buildings, stacks of goods and other objects is at least 1 m.
3.14. The operator (driver) is prohibited from unauthorized installation of a loader crane to work near a power line (until receiving an assignment from a person responsible for the safe performance of work by loader cranes).
3.15. The operator (driver) must work under the direct supervision of the person responsible for the safe performance of work by cranes-manipulators, when loading and unloading gondola cars, when moving cargo by several cranes-manipulators, near the power line; when moving cargo over ceilings, under which production or service premises are located, where people can be; when moving a load for which a slinging scheme has not been developed, as well as in other cases provided for by the projects for the production of works or technological regulations.
3.16. The movement of goods over the ceilings, under which industrial, residential or service premises are located, where people can be located, is not allowed. AT individual cases cargo can be moved over the ceilings of industrial or office premises in which people are located, after the development of measures (in agreement with the state technical supervision bodies) that ensure the safe performance of work, and under the guidance of the person responsible for the safe performance of work by loader cranes.
3.17. Joint work on the movement of cargo by two or more cranes-manipulators can be allowed only in some cases and must be carried out in accordance with the project for the production of works or the technological map, which should contain schemes for slinging and moving the cargo, indicating the sequence of operations, the position of the cargo ropes , as well as requirements for site preparation and other instructions for the safe movement of cargo.
3.18. When moving goods, the operator (driver) must be guided by the following rules:
- it is possible to work with a crane-manipulator only at the signal of the slinger. If the slinger gives a signal, acting in violation of the requirements of the instructions, then the crane operator should not perform the required maneuver of the loader crane on such a signal. Both the operator (driver) and the slinger who gave the wrong signal are responsible for damage caused by the action of the loader crane due to the execution of an incorrectly given signal. The exchange of signals between the slinger and the operator (driver) must be carried out in accordance with the procedure established at the enterprise (in the organization). The signal "Stop" the operator (driver) is obliged to carry out regardless of who gives it;
- it is necessary to determine the load capacity of the crane-manipulator for each departure according to the load capacity indicator;
- before lifting the load, the slinger and all persons near the loader crane should be warned with a sound signal about the need to leave the area of the load being moved, the possible fall of the load and the lowering of the boom. It is possible to move the load only if there are no people in the work area of the crane-manipulator. The specified requirements must be met by the operator (driver) also when lifting and moving the grab. The slinger may be near the load during its lifting or lowering, if the load is at a height of not more than 1 m from the platform level;
- it is allowed to load and unload trolleys, motor vehicles and trailers for them, railway gondola cars and platforms only if there are no people on the vehicles, which the operator (driver) must first verify;
- install the hook of the lifting mechanism above the load in such a way that when lifting the load, oblique tension of the load rope is excluded;
- when lifting the load, it is necessary to first raise it to a height of no more than 200-300 mm to make sure that the slinging is correct, the stability of the crane-manipulator and the brake is working properly, after which you can lift the load to the desired height;
- when lifting the load, the distance between the hook holder and the blocks on the boom must be at least 500 mm;
- horizontally moving loads (handling devices) must first be raised 500 mm above the objects encountered on the way;
- when lifting the boom, it is necessary to ensure that it does not rise above the position corresponding to the smallest working reach;
- when moving cargo located near a wall, column, stack, railway car, car, machine or other equipment, you should first make sure that there is no slinger and other people between the transported cargo and the specified parts of the building, vehicles or equipment, as well as the impossibility of hitting the boom or moved cargo behind walls, columns, wagons, etc. Stowing cargo in gondola cars, platforms and trolleys, as well as removing them should be carried out without disturbing the balance of gondola cars, trolleys and platforms;
- movement of small-piece cargoes should be carried out in containers specially designed for this, while the possibility of falling out of individual cargoes should be excluded; lifting bricks on pallets without fencing is allowed only during loading and unloading (on the ground) of motor vehicles, trailers, railway gondola cars and platforms;
- before lifting a load from a well, ditch, trench, pit, etc., and before lowering the load into them, by lowering the free (unloaded) hook, first make sure that at its lowest position on the drum at least one and a half turns of the rope remain wound, not counting the turns under the clamping device;
- stowage and dismantling of cargo should be even, without violating the dimensions established for warehousing cargo and without blocking the aisles;
- it is necessary to carefully monitor the ropes; when they fall from drums or blocks, loops are formed or ropes are damaged, the operation of the crane-manipulator should be suspended;
- if the crane-manipulator has two lifting mechanisms, their simultaneous operation is not allowed. The hook of a non-working mechanism must always be raised to the highest position;
- slinging of loads must be carried out in accordance with the slinging schemes. For slinging, slings should be used that correspond to the mass and nature of the load being lifted, taking into account the number of branches and their angle of inclination; slings general purpose are selected so that the angle between their branches does not exceed 90 °;
- when operating a crane-manipulator with a grab designed for loose and lumpy materials, it is not allowed to transship the material, largest size pieces of which exceeds 300 mm, and also if the bulk mass exceeds the value established for this grab. Transshipment of piece cargo can only be carried out with a special grab;
- work of grab cranes is allowed in the absence of people in their area of action. Ancillary workers may be allowed to perform their duties only after a break in the operation of the crane, after the grab is lowered to the ground;
- it is allowed to lower the transported load only to the place intended for this, where the possibility of falling, overturning or sliding of the load being installed is excluded. Linings of appropriate strength must be preliminarily laid at the place of installation of the load. Stowage and disassembly of goods should be carried out evenly, without violating the dimensions established for the storage of goods and without blocking the aisles.
3.19. Performance of works by cranes-manipulators at a distance of less than 30 m from the lifting retractable part of the crane-manipulator in any of its positions, as well as from the load to vertical plane, formed by the projection onto the ground of the nearest wire of an overhead power line with a voltage of 42 V or more, must be carried out according to a tolerance that determines safe conditions work. The procedure for organizing work near the power line, issuing a work permit and instructing workers is established by order of the owner of the loader crane. Safe distances from parts of the crane or load in any position to the nearest power line wire are: at voltage up to 1 kV - 1.5 m, from 1 to 20 kV - at least 2 m, from 35 to 110 kV - at least 4 m , from 150 to 220 kV - at least 5 m, up to 330 kV - at least 6 m, from 500 to 750 kV - at least 9 m.
In the event of a production need, if it is impossible to maintain the specified distances, work with a loader crane in the restricted area can be carried out with the power line disconnected according to a work permit, which indicates the time of work.
The operator (crane operator) should not start work if the person responsible for the safe performance of work by cranes-manipulators did not ensure the fulfillment of the working conditions provided for in the work permit, did not indicate the installation location of the crane-manipulator and did not make the following entry in the watch log: “Installation I checked the crane-manipulator at the place I indicated. I authorize works (date, time, signature).
When operating cranes at existing power plants, substations and power lines, if work with the use of cranes is carried out by personnel operating electrical installations, and operators (crane operators) are on the staff of the power company, a work permit for work near live wires and equipment is issued operator (crane operator) by a person responsible for the safe performance of work by loader cranes.
The work of cranes-manipulators under non-disconnected contact wires of urban transport can be carried out while observing the distance between the boom of the crane-manipulator and the contact wires of at least 1 m when installing a limiter (stop) that does not allow reducing the specified distance when lifting the boom.
3.20. The operator (driver) can start work in explosion and fire hazardous areas or with poisonous, caustic goods only after receiving a special (written) instruction from the person responsible for the safe performance of work with loader cranes.
3.21. During the performance of work, the operator (driver) is prohibited from:
- allow random persons who do not have the rights of a slinger to tie or hook cargo, as well as use lifting devices that do not correspond to the mass and nature of the cargo, without tags or brands. In these cases, the operator (driver) must stop working with a loader crane and notify the person responsible for the safe performance of work with loader cranes;
- lift a load, the mass of which exceeds the lifting capacity of the crane-manipulator for a given departure. If the operator (driver) does not know the mass of the load, then he must obtain in writing information about the actual mass of the load from the person responsible for the safe performance of work with loader cranes;
- lower the boom with the load until the departure, at which the load-carrying capacity of the crane-manipulator will be less than the mass of the load being lifted;
- to produce sharp braking when turning the boom with a load;
- to drag cargo along the ground, rails and logs with the hook of a crane-manipulator with the ropes inclined, as well as move railway cars, platforms, trolleys or carts with the help of a hook;
- to tear off with a hook or grab a load covered with earth or frozen to the ground, embedded with other loads, reinforced with bolts, filled with concrete, etc.;
- release by a crane-manipulator the load-handling devices (slings, chains, pincers, etc.) pinched by the load;
- lift reinforced concrete products with damaged hinges, improperly strapped (tied) cargo that is in an unstable position, as well as in containers filled above the sides;
- lay the load on electric cables and pipelines, as well as on the edge of the slope of a ditch or trench;
- lift a load with people on it, as well as a load supported by hands;
- transfer control of the loader crane to persons who do not have the right to control the loader crane, as well as allow students and trainees to independently control the loader crane without their supervision;
- load and unload the vehicle while the driver or other people are in the cab;
- lift cylinders with compressed or liquefied gas that are not placed in special containers;
- deliver cargo into window openings and onto balconies without special receiving platforms or special devices;
- lift the load directly from the place of its installation (from the ground, platform, stack, etc.) with a boom winch;
- use limit switches as working bodies for automatic stop of mechanisms;
- work with disabled or defective safety devices and brakes.
3.22. In the event of malfunctions, the operator (driver) is obliged to lower the load, stop the work of the loader crane and inform the person responsible for the safe performance of work with loader cranes. The operator (driver) must also act in the following cases:
- when approaching a thunderstorm, strong wind, the speed of which exceeds the permissible for this crane-manipulator and indicated in its passport;
- in case of insufficient illumination of the place of work of the crane-manipulator, heavy snowfall or fog, as well as in other cases when the operator (driver) poorly distinguishes the signals of the slinger or the load being moved;
- at an air temperature below the permissible minus, indicated in the passport of the crane;
- when twisting the ropes of the cargo chain hoist.
4. Safety requirements in emergency situations
4.1. In case of loss of stability of the crane-manipulator (ground subsidence, breakage of the outrigger, overload, etc.), the operator (driver) must immediately stop lifting, give a warning signal, lower the load to the ground or platform and establish the cause of the emergency.
4.2. If the elements of the crane-manipulator (boom, ropes) are energized, the operator (driver) must warn the workers about the danger and move the boom away from the wires of the power line. If this is not possible, then the operator (driver) must leave the crane without touching the metal structures and observing personal safety measures against electric shock (in accordance with the operating manual for the crane).
4.3. If, during the operation of the crane-manipulator, the worker (slinger) came into contact with live parts, the operator (driver) must first of all take measures to free the victim from the action of electric current, observing personal safety measures, and provide the necessary first aid.
4.4. In the event of a fire on the crane-manipulator, the operator (driver) is obliged to immediately call the fire brigade, stop work and start extinguishing the fire, using the fire extinguishing equipment available on the crane-manipulator.
4.5. When natural disasters occur natural phenomena(hurricane, earthquake, etc.), the operator (driver) must stop working, lower the load to the ground, leave the crane and go to a safe place.
4.6. In the event of other emergencies, the operator (driver) must comply with the safety requirements set forth in the operation manual of the loader crane.
4.7. If during the operation of the crane-manipulator an accident or an accident occurred, the operator (driver) must immediately notify the person responsible for the safe performance of work by cranes-manipulators, and ensure the safety of the situation of the accident or accident, if this does not represent danger to human life and health.
4.8. The operator (engineer) is obliged to make an entry in the logbook about all emergencies and notify the engineering and technical worker responsible for maintaining the loader cranes in good condition.
5. Safety requirements at the end of work
5.1. At the end of the operation of the crane-manipulator, the operator (driver) must comply with the following requirements:
- do not leave the load or grab hanging;
- put the crane-manipulator in the place intended for parking, slow it down and lock the cab;
- set the boom and hook to the position indicated in the operation manual of the loader crane;
- stop the engine;
- enter in the logbook information about the identified defects and malfunctions of the units and elements of the crane.
5.2. When the crane-manipulator operates in several shifts, the operator (crane operator) handing over the shift must inform his shifter about all malfunctions in the operation of the crane-manipulator and hand over the shift by making an appropriate entry in the logbook.
MINISTRY OF LABOR AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
APPROVED
Deputy Minister of Labor
and social development
Russian Federation
Typical instruction
on labor protection for drivers
(crane operators) electric overhead cranes
TI R M-005-2000
1. GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
1.1. This Instruction applies to drivers of electric overhead cranes with a lifting capacity of up to 10 tons, controlled from the floor, who are not subject to registration with the Gosgortekhnadzor bodies. Persons at least 18 years of age who have passed a medical examination, trained according to a special program and have mastered the requirements of this instruction, have II qualification group for electrical safety, have completed an internship at the workplace and are certified by a qualification commission are allowed to operate bridge-type electric cranes.
A certified crane driver is issued a certificate signed by the chairman of the commission and the inspector of Gosgortekhnadzor indicating the type of crane he is allowed to manage.
1.2. The admission to work of drivers of electric overhead cranes is issued by order of the enterprise after an introductory briefing, the issuance of a certificate of knowledge of labor protection rules with a warning card, and briefing at the workplace.
1.3. Re-checking the knowledge of the driver should be carried out by the commission of the enterprise:
periodically - at least once every 12 months;
when moving from one enterprise to another;
at the request of the person responsible for supervision.
The results of testing the driver's knowledge must be documented in a protocol, the number of which is affixed to the certificate and confirmed by the seal of the enterprise.
When transferring the driver to work on an electric overhead crane of a different design, the administration is obliged to instruct him about the features of the device and maintenance of this crane and make sure that he can work on this crane.
1.4. The driver is obliged to comply with the internal labor regulations of the enterprise.
Smoking in production and auxiliary premises and on the territory of the enterprise is allowed only in places specially designated for this purpose, with the inscription "Smoking Area", provided with fire extinguishing equipment and equipped with bins or boxes with sand.
1.5. Drivers may be exposed to the following hazardous and harmful production factors: moving machines and mechanisms; transported and stored goods; increased dust content in the air of the working area; microclimate; dangerous voltage in the electrical circuit; unguarded moving or rotating equipment.
1.6. The driver, depending on the working conditions, must be provided with overalls, safety shoes and personal protective equipment:
cotton overalls;
dielectric galoshes;
dielectric gloves.
For outdoor work in winter additionally:
jacket with insulating lining;
trousers with insulating lining;
felt boots.
1.7. A driver who has a certificate for the right to work independently must:
know the device and purpose of all crane mechanisms, its individual elements, all equipment;
possess the skills required to operate and maintain all crane mechanisms;
know the procedure for exchanging signals with the slinger;
know the range and purpose of lubricants used to lubricate the crane;
be able to determine the suitability for work of ropes, a hook, load-handling devices and containers;
know the rules for the safe movement of goods by cranes;
know the requirements for crane runways, their maintenance and protective grounding;
know the techniques for relieving people under voltage from the action of electric current, and ways to help them.
1.8. During work, the driver is responsible for all actions of the student attached to him for the internship, bears full responsibility for violation of the requirements for the management and maintenance of the crane set forth in this Instruction, and controls the work of the slinger.
1.9. To hang the load on the hook of overhead cranes operated from the cabin, slingers who have undergone proper training, certification and have a certificate for the right to carry out work on tying loads must be appointed. While working, the slinger must wear a distinctive armband or badge.
1.10. In cases where the area is not completely overlooked by the crane from the cabs of the driver to transmit signals from the slinger to the driver (crane operator), a signalman should be appointed from among the workers trained in signaling.
1.11. In the cabin of each crane, a laced and numbered log book should be stored for recording the driver's comments when accepting and returning a shift. Entries in the watch log should be checked daily by a mechanic - a person responsible for the good condition of lifting machines.
1.12. Each crane must be equipped with a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, dielectric gloves, a dielectric mat, the crane cabin door must be locked.
1.13. A plate clearly visible to the operating personnel should be hung on the crane structure indicating the registration number, crane load capacity and the next technical examination period.
1.14. Lifting machines, load-handling devices and containers that have not passed the technical examination or with expired technical examination periods are not allowed to work.
1.15. The organization must develop methods for the correct slinging of goods and post a graphic image in the places of work.
1.16. The place of production of work on lifting and moving goods should be well lit. In case of insufficient illumination of the place of work, heavy snowfall or fog, and also in other cases when the crane operator does not clearly distinguish between the signals of the slinger or the load being moved, the operation of the crane must be stopped.
1.17. Workers must immediately inform the foreman and the head of the site about cases of injury and detection of malfunctions of equipment, fixtures and tools.
1.18. Persons who do not comply with the requirements of this Instruction shall bear criminal and administrative liability in accordance with the established procedure.
2. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS BEFORE WORKING START
2.1. Before starting work, the driver (crane operator) must familiarize himself with the entries in the logbook and accept the crane, making sure that all its mechanisms and parts are in good condition, for which he must, with the knife switch off:
make an external inspection of the crane mechanisms, their brakes and electrical equipment, protective grounding, hook, as well as the rope and make sure that they are in good condition;
check the presence of lubrication of mechanisms and ropes and, if necessary, lubricate them;
check the presence and serviceability of the fencing of the mechanisms of electrical equipment, galleries, platforms;
make sure that working and repair lighting, as well as an audible signaling device, are available and in good condition;
make sure that there is a rubber dielectric mat in the crane cabin;
inspect the crane tracks and make sure that there are no maintenance personnel and unauthorized persons on the crane in the crane tracks;
inspect metal structures, crane guards and make sure there are no foreign objects that may fall from the crane during movement;
check the serviceability of safety devices - hook lift limiter, load limiter and other safety devices.
2.2. Inspection of the crane at night and in the evening should be done only with sufficient lighting.
2.3. After inspecting the crane, before putting it into operation, the driver must test it idle and check the correct operation:
all mechanisms;
electrical equipment, including: limit switches, zero blocking, interlocking hatch contacts, cabin doors and doors on the crane bridge, lighting, etc.
2.4. After inspecting the crane and checking the serviceability of its mechanisms, the crane operator must make an appropriate entry in the logbook.
2.5. After inspecting the crane and detecting malfunctions, the driver (crane operator), without starting work, must turn off the crane using a linear switch, make an appropriate entry in the logbook and report this to the person responsible for the good condition of the crane.
The driver (crane operator) has the right to start working on the crane only after the elimination of the detected malfunctions and the corresponding entry and signature in the watch log by the person who eliminated the malfunction.
2.6. The driver (crane operator) does not have the right to start work if there are no certified slingers or if during the inspection and testing of the mechanisms it is established that:
in the throat of the hook, there is wear from the load-handling device in excess of 10% of the original section, as well as the presence of cracks and hook extension;
the hook does not rotate in the clip;
the nut securing the hook does not have a device preventing its self-unscrewing;
blocks of a hook or other gripping body do not rotate around its axis;
the axles are not secured with strike plates or other locking devices;
ropes have defects due to which they are subject to rejection;
the brake does not brake;
the axes of the lever brake system do not have cotter pins, the rivets of the lining touch the surface of the brake pulley;
couplings do not have studs and nuts on studs, elastic rings are missing or worn;
brake gearboxes, brake pulleys, electric motor, as well as other crane equipment are not reinforced and are displaced during the operation of the mechanisms;
trolleys located on the crane bridge are in contact with each other or with the metal structures of the crane;
current collectors are in contact with adjacent trolleys;
flexible trolleys sag;
the electrical insulation is damaged;
the ground wire is broken;
the limit switches are inactive or their levers do not return to their original position, the blocking contacts of the hatch, cabin doors, bridge, etc. are inactive;
anti-theft devices, zero protection, signal and other safety devices do not automatically work;
the previously installed fencing of mechanisms and current-carrying parts of electrical equipment was removed;
there is no rubber dielectric mat in the cabin, protective grounding of electrical equipment cases, as well as the metal structures of the crane as a whole;
cases of controllers and other electrical equipment, as well as the crane itself are energized;
the lighting on the crane is defective.
3. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS DURING WORK
3.1. The driver (crane operator) is prohibited from working with untrained slingers and allowing unauthorized persons to sling cargo. Work should be done only at the signal of a slinger or a specially assigned signaller. The driver during work should not be distracted from his direct duties and allow unauthorized persons to the crane.
3.2. The crane operator must lift and move machines, metal structures or other cargo removed from the foundation only after the lifting cargo is released from all fasteners.
3.3. The operator must switch on and stop the crane mechanisms smoothly, without jerks. It is not allowed to transfer mechanisms from forward to reverse to a complete stop, except in cases where it is necessary to prevent an accident or an accident.
3.4. The driver (crane operator) must drive up to the dead ends or to the neighboring crane only at a reduced speed.
3.5. Before starting the movement of the crane, when lifting, lowering and moving the load, the driver must give a warning sound signal.
3.6. The driver must not exceed the crane capacity; the hook must be positioned exactly under the load to be lifted; before lifting the load, it is necessary to warn the slinger and other persons by a signal about the need to move away from the load being lifted.
3.7. When lifting a load close in mass to the crane's carrying capacity, you should first raise the load to a height of 200 - 300 mm and, after making sure that the brake is working and the slinging is reliable, you can continue lifting to the desired height.
3.8. To move the load in the horizontal direction, it must first be raised 0.5 mm above the objects encountered on the way and then make sure that the movement of the goods is not carried out over workplaces where people constantly work.
3.9. The operator must carry out cleaning and disassembling of goods without violating the dimensions established for warehousing and without blocking the aisles, in places that exclude the possibility of their overturning.
3.10. When unloading or loading railway cars, bunkers, etc., not directly visible from the cab, the driver must first make sure that there are no people in the unloading or loading area and perform work under the guidance of a person responsible for the safe performance of work on moving goods by hoisting machines.
3.11. When lowering hooks, a lifting magnet, a grab or other lifting device of a crane to a level lower than usual (for example, when lifting a load from wells, pits, etc.), the driver must ensure that at the lowest position of the hook, at least one and a half turns of rope remain on the drum, not counting the turns under the clamping devices.
3.12. If there are several cranes on the same crane runway, the driver, in order to avoid collision of the latter, must monitor the serviceability of the limiters of mutual movements, but do not use the limiters (limit switches) as a working body to stop the crane, and prevent the cranes from approaching more than 1 m.
3.13. The driver is not allowed to push the adjacent crane with a crane, and with a two-tier arrangement of cranes, their work area must be delimited.
3.14. The driver must enter and exit the crane only through the landing area.
3.15. Before entering the flooring of the crane gallery, the driver must turn off the switch in the cab and hang a poster on it with the inscription: "Do not turn it on - people are working."
3.16. While the crane is in operation, the operator must ensure that workplace under the faucet was properly lit.
Before leaving the crane, the crane operator must:
put the handwheels and handles of all controllers in the zero position;
turn off the switch installed in the cab and set the crane to the parking brake.
3.17. In the event of a forced stop of the overhead crane not at the landing site and in the absence of a passage gallery along the crane runway, the evacuation of the driver from the crane must be organized at his signal by the administration of the enterprise and carried out in accordance with the procedure established for this section or span.
3.18. An apprentice undergoing an internship can operate a crane only in the presence and under the direct supervision of the driver (crane operator).
3.19. When lifting and moving loads, the driver must not:
lift a load, the mass of which exceeds the lifting capacity of the crane, improperly tied load, swing the load or lower it at high speed and hit it, as well as remove castings from the ground or drain metal without first releasing them;
lift a load that is in an unstable position, as well as a load suspended by one horn of a two-horned hook, and a container filled above the edges;
pull a load with a hook at an inclined tension of the rope, tear off a reinforced load that is frozen or littered with something, etc .;
to lift and move people with a hook, as well as an unbalanced load leveled by a mass of people or supported by people;
without the permission of the management of the workshop, lift the load with two cranes;
leave the load suspended;
carry out independent repairs of the crane, its mechanisms and electrical equipment, inspection and repair of the main trolls, pantographs, as well as changing fuses;
turn on the switch and operate the crane mechanisms when people are on its gallery; exceptions are allowed for locksmiths, electricians who inspect the crane mechanisms, in this case, the switch on the knife switch and the crane mechanisms can be made only at the direction of the person who performs the inspection and has a brand key in his hands;
leave tools, as well as fixed equipment and parts on the gallery flooring or trolley;
throw something off a crane;
get on and off the crane while driving;
go out onto the crane tracks, walk along them, climb from one crane to another, and also move from one gallery to another through a trolley.
3.20. The withdrawal of the crane for repair should be carried out by a person responsible for maintaining the crane in good condition. The date and time when the crane was taken out for repair and the name of the person responsible for carrying it out must be indicated in the crane logbook and the work permit.
3.21. A work permit must be issued for the repair of an overhead crane, in which measures must be indicated to create safe conditions for performing repair work, in particular, measures are indicated to prevent damage to repair personnel by electric current, falls from a height.
3.22. When the crane is taken out for repairs in the cab, the main switch is turned off, the fuses are removed, and a poster is hung on the switch handle: “Do not turn it on - people are working.” The crane operator hands over the key to the worker responsible for carrying out the repair work.
3.23. The driver may start work on the crane after repair only with the permission of the employee responsible for the good condition of the crane.
3.24. In the case of repair of crane tracks or a crane operating in an adjacent span, the driver is obliged to reduce the speed of the bridge when approaching a fenced closed area in adjacent sections of the crane tracks.
3.25. The driver must lower the load and stop the crane:
in the event of a crane failure;
in case of falling ropes from the drum or blocks, formation of loops on the ropes or detection of damage to the ropes;
in case of malfunction of safety devices;
if the electrical equipment cases or the metal structures of the crane are energized;
with frequent operation of the maximum current or thermal protection of electric motors.
3.26. At each forced stop of the crane, the driver must make an appropriate entry in the watch log and report to the chief mechanic of the organization, as well as to the employee responsible for the good condition of the hoisting machines.
4. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS IN EMERGENCIES
4.1. In the event of a malfunction of the crane, as well as in the event of a sudden interruption in the power supply of the crane with an electric current or the crane stops, the driver must set the controller handles to zero, turn off the knife switch in the cab and report to the employee responsible for the safe performance of work on the movement of goods by cranes, and the employee responsible for the correct condition of cranes.
4.2. If, due to a lack of voltage in the electrical network, the load remains suspended, it is necessary to take measures, if possible, to lower it by manually releasing it in the presence of an employee responsible for the good condition of the crane, or to fence off the place under the load.
4.3. In the event of a fire on the crane, the driver must immediately turn off the switch in the cab and proceed to extinguish the fire with the fire-fighting equipment available on the crane. At the same time, he must call the fire brigade and notify the administration.
4.4. Troubleshooting the crane should only be done when it is disconnected from the mains.
4.5. In the event of an accident, the victim or eyewitness must immediately notify the foreman or head of the site, who must organize the provision of first aid to the victim and send him to a medical institution.
5. SAFETY REQUIREMENT AFTER WORK IS COMPLETED
5.1. At the end of a shift or crane operation, the operator must:
release the hook or other load-handling device from the load; do not leave the load suspended;
put the crane at the landing site or in the place intended for its parking;
raise the hook to the upper position, and lower the lifting electromagnet, grab or other similar device to the floor, to the area designated for this;
turn the handles of all controllers to the zero position and turn off the knife switch in the crane cabin;
inspect the crane, clean it, make an entry in the watch log about the condition or malfunctions in the operation of the crane that occurred during the shift;
Cranes operating in the open air should be secured with wind-stealing safety devices.
