What to do when mold constantly appears and the wall gets wet? To solve this problem, wall waterproofing is best suited, but what material and method to use?
We reveal the secret why it is impossible without wall waterproofing
Ordinary water creates big problems for residents of houses or apartments. Water comes from the ground, after rain into basements or flows from the ceiling along the walls from sloppy neighbors who do not follow their own plumbing and sewer systems. It happens that there is no water at first sight, but mold and fungus spread, which confirms the presence of excessive moisture in the walls.
These cases are very common, and a mistake in the construction of buildings is to blame for everything. Previously, they saved on waterproofing the necessary places at home. This often happens even now. Such savings lead to the above problems with which people suffer for years.
What is waterproofing
Problem areas need to be waterproofed. These include:
- bathrooms;
- kitchens;
- basements;
- ground floors;
- roof;
- weak walls in terms of insulation.
For implementation are used special materials and technology. First, let's understand what waterproofing is.
Waterproofing - protection of any structures and structures from moisture penetration. This means that applying a protective layer prevents mold and unexpected water influx, which protects against unplanned repairs and saves money.
Features of the application of the method
Building waterproofing mixtures differ in their features of use and composition. At the same time, they are divided into several types according to the following criteria:
- By type of material: rolled (film, roofing materials), powder (construction dry mixes), liquid.
- By chemical composition: polyethylene, cement, bitumen, rubber, acrylic, PVC materials, silicone (silicon).
- According to the method of implementation: sealing, penetrating, coating, membrane.
As you can see, waterproofing has a lot of types, each of which has its own characteristics of operation outside and inside the premises.
outside buildings
When applying waterproofing, it is very important to take into account the air temperature and the amount of sunlight on the base. Mixtures are used at temperatures from +50C to 350C. redundant solar lighting adversely affects the applied powder or liquid waterproofing, as it causes the water to evaporate from the solution very quickly. As a result of the hydration reaction, the composition will not gain the declared characteristics and will not be able to perform its functions. So workplace must be protected from solar radiation.
Home distinctive feature facade waterproofing materials is the presence of such characteristics as frost resistance. This indicator is measured in freeze and thaw cycles. The material is considered frozen when the negative temperature is below the operating temperature indicated in the marking.
Indoors
The main indicator for internal use is environmental friendliness and fire safety. Therefore, PVC, bitumen, rubber materials are not recommended for indoor use. Sometimes they cause allergic reactions.
There is also one important feature application of waterproofing in rooms, which our builders forget about. Any powder and liquid formulations perfectly protect against moisture penetration on the plane, but do not work well in the corners. Therefore, at the junctions of vertical and horizontal surfaces treated with insulation, a special membrane tape with an elastic non-penetrating gasket in the middle should be used.
What waterproofing materials exist: varieties, how to treat moisture from the outside and inside
Let us consider in more detail the above types of waterproofing in terms of scope and method of application.
Sealing
Sealing waterproofing is not quite the right phrase. It is correct to call the means of this category sealant or joint waterproofing. It is used when it is necessary to isolate the junction of two objects, if the distance between them is up to 2 cm. An example is the junction of a wall and a sink or bathroom. For these purposes, acrylic and silicone formulations are used, which are most often made in tubes up to 300 ml. The silicone seam can be up to 5 mm, and the cavity is sealed up to 2 cm with acrylic.
Waterproofing a pool or shower stall is also an example of the use of sealants. As a grout for tile joints, it is recommended to use colored silicones. They protect adhesive composition from moisture ingress, which increases the life of the entire wall.
Sealant is a universal wall waterproofing when the application area is very small. In addition, these compounds have high adhesion and are often used as adhesive for decorative panels in places with humidity above 60%.
Thermal waterproofing
There is a concept of heat-insulating waterproofing of walls. But this is not entirely true. The composition of waterproofing mixtures does not include minerals that increase the resistance to heat penetration. However, these mixtures and materials are used in insulation systems that include several layers:
- leveling (if necessary);
- waterproofing (if necessary);
- insulation (glue + insulation);
- protective (breathable);
- decorative.
Depending on the place of application, the layers may change places. As a waterproofing layer are used:
- film membranes, if a ventilated facade and a roof are being created;
- cement - when creating a plastered facade;
- bituminous, rubber - used in basement and roofing.
Anti-corrosion
There are anti-corrosion waterproofing mixtures. In their composition, the basis, as a rule, is bitumen. But it makes no sense to use such a composition for waterproofing walls, since only metals are subject to corrosion.
However, when as country houses use the bodies of former trailers, change houses, buses or trolleybuses. In this case, the use of only such waterproofing will extend the life of the dwelling and protect it from destruction.
Coating wall waterproofing
A universal type and method is coating waterproofing. It is used for waterproofing walls in bathrooms, kitchens, showers, swimming pools, water tanks inside and outside buildings. To implement the method, one- or two-component cement, acrylic, silicon compositions and crystal-forming liquids are used.
Cheap alternative materials suitable for outdoor use
Some of the above methods and materials are often quite expensive and become inaccessible to the consumer. In these cases, you can use a cheap alternative - liquid glass and mixtures with its addition.
The characteristics of the mixture with liquid glass are much inferior to finished products. But this option can be used as a temporary one to save money and do everything right.
What is waterproofing
Depending on the type of waterproofing, it is applied with different tools.
On a brick wall
For a brick wall, silicon-based compositions are recommended. For their application, a maklovitsa is used, but to save time, a fleecy or foam rubber roller is used.
If a different type of waterproofing is used for the wall, then it is advisable to level it in advance with a starting or universal plaster. After that, coating waterproofing is carried out in the same way or with a smooth spatula.
When using membranes, it is not recommended to use hardware, so as not to form holes in the film. Over time, these holes become cold bridges and lead to the formation of mold and mildew. So polyethylene film glued on a special rubber tape or on high-quality double-sided tape.
Inside the apartment
Inside use coating waterproofing on cement or acrylic base. It is applied with a spatula or brush.
The method is implemented as follows:
- The cement composition is mixed with water or special solution to a semi-liquid state. The finished product is first applied to the surface in vertical stripes over the entire area.
- After the first layer has dried, the second is applied perpendicular to the first, i.e. horizontal stripes.
- When using the composition in heavily watered environments, for example, pools, shower trays make a third layer, which is applied up to 5 mm thick, as a finishing putty.
concrete walls
Concrete walls are a special base, as they do not absorb moisture and have a smooth surface. This reduces the adhesion of some building mixtures. Because of this, when applying cement and acrylic waterproofing, it is first necessary to apply an adhesive primer, called concrete contact.
When waterproofing concrete structures heavy profile such as underground tunnels of subway crossings, collectors or parking lots in the presence of flooded soils, it is recommended to use a penetrating crystallizing waterproofing.
This species is sold in buckets with a capacity of 5 liters and has the form clear liquid. It is applied to the base with a brush and penetrates deep into the base by 5-10 mm. During operation, water seeps through, which reacts with waterproofing crystals and provokes their growth. As a result, all microcracks are clogged and a monolithic waterproof wall is obtained.
How long does the coating last
Different types of waterproofing have their own service life.
The cement mixture serves no more than 15 years on the facade of the building with periodic watering, and indoors it will last up to 20 years. Some manufacturers claim that their mixtures are ready to be used for 25 years on the outside of buildings.
Acrylic compositions are recommended for indoor use, where they are ready to serve no more than 20 years.
Penetrating waterproofing is the most durable, as it is used as much as a concrete base.
Polyethylene and fabric membranes are used for no more than 10-15 years, after which they need to be replaced.
Bituminous waterproofing materials are considered less durable. Depending on the watering, they deteriorate after five years, but in some cases they serve up to 10 years.
The use of waterproofing is a necessity in all cases of the presence of water moisture. Depending on the amount of excess fluid that appears, simple and cheap materials(cement, acrylic, silicone), but with greater watering, more expensive penetrating concrete insulation should be used.
Useful video
Tools designed to eliminate black stains on the wall are represented by a wide range of different solutions. The main thing is to know what to do to remove troubles and how to treat stains on the walls.
Black or blue growths appeared in the room, the walls peel off and sprinkle - these are symptoms of the appearance in the house of an enemy of comfort and a lover of moist air - mold. To remove fungi, you will need to perform a whole range of work using industrial and folk remedies.
To successfully combat this trouble, you need to know what you have to "fight" with.
Fungus on the walls and the reasons for its formation
Mold fungi or mold penetrate the substrate ( nutrient medium), which is the surface of the walls or wooden parts of the building. In this case, there is a rapid growth of the mycelium (mycelium) and the formation of fruiting bodies of the fungus, located on the surface of the walls. Over time, not only upper layer plaster, but it also penetrates into the main wall material.
Mushrooms do not produce nutrients for mycelium, so it affects the entire surface in the room.
The main reasons for the formation of mycelium
As a rule, mushroom formations appear in case of malfunctions in ventilation and insufficient heating of the room:
- The main reason for the appearance of mold in the room is the high content of humidity in the air. This can occur during marriage in the work of builders
- poor-quality work on laying foundation blocks;
- gaps and large voids in the masonry;
- Poorly carried out thermal insulation of the building leads to the formation of cold bridges.
- Malfunctions lead to the formation of mold ventilation system building. With clogged channels and closed vents, the exhaust air and vapors are not replaced, therefore, the humidity of the air increases.
- Installation plastic windows with poor-quality fittings and the lack of a special device for ventilating the room - this is one of the reasons for the increase in moisture levels.
- A large number of indoor plants indoors, may contribute to the formation of black spots.
- In case of insufficient level of heating or its complete absence, in winter time freezing of the walls occurs, which will necessarily cause the development of mycelium in warm weather.
The development of microorganisms occurs on almost all materials in the building. In case of untimely processing, it may be necessary to remove not only the wallpaper, but also completely remove the layer of plaster or drywall. Mushrooms on wooden surfaces bring especially terrible consequences. For 1 year, the mycelium, growing, affects more than 70% of the entire furniture area.
Important. To prevent the development of mycelium and remove mold from the surface of the wall, it is not enough to know the causes of its occurrence. It is important to know the means of struggle and be able to use them.
Industrial and folk remedies for mold control
AT modern conditions, with a large number of counterfeit products on store shelves and advertising ineffective mold treatments, you can spend money and time and not get positive results of his labor. Therefore, it is so important to know proven and effective antiseptics made in industrial conditions. But time-tested mold-fighting products can also help eliminate it.
Industrial means for combating mycelium
When buying, be sure to consult with the manager and study the instructions. Perhaps the dampener on the walls is designed to combat separate view mildew and will not suit you. In this case, it is better to purchase a universal remedy that kills all types of fungus. When purchasing a dry mix, do not forget to buy a dilution agent. Depending on the type of substance, it can dissolve in turpentine, white spirit and ordinary water. The most popular drugs are given in the following list. Here are only proven and high-quality antiseptics and fungicides:
- Atlas Mycos. This material fights not only with fungus, but also with moss and lichen formed on the outer walls. Available in concentrated form. After dilution, according to the instructions, it is used to treat facades and any rooms with humid air and extensive mycelium colonies. Diluted with water according to the instructions. For the processing of minerals, a proportion of 1 to 5 is maintained, in all other cases, the ratio of substance and water is 1 to 2.
- Spectrum Fungicide. This is a versatile material that can remove mold from a wooden surface. Works well on plaster and paint. The universal agent works with internal and external surfaces of walls with a high moisture content.
- Xyolate. With the help of this drug, the molecular structure of the mycelium is destroyed. It is able to penetrate deep into the structure of walls or furniture. It is especially effective in advanced cases - it can kill deep mold.
- Teflex. A very effective substance for fighting mold, while absolutely harmless to humans and animals. When processed, the walls are protected for a long time.
- FILASMUFFY. This spray qualitatively removes fresh mycelium formations. Particularly effective for small stains on wallpaper, concrete or brick surfaces.
- Snowball Impregnation. Effectively fights mold, moss, algae. Treat all types of indoor surfaces high humidity and outside the building.
Important. Any tool will reliably and efficiently remove mold from the walls, if the problem is detected and dealt with in a timely manner. When buying, be sure to check the certificate of the drug, beware of fakes.
And here are the recipes folk methods fight against fungus. Therefore, in early stage development of mycelium, such processing will not only save money family budget, but reliably, qualitatively solve it.
Folk remedies for mold removal
These methods have been tested by the people, sometimes their use is much more effective than newfangled untested substances. Therefore, you need to know the recipe for preparing the ingredients of the mixture:
- For outdoor processing buildings and foundations from the appearance of fungi, surfaces are treated with creosote. It is better not to use such a tool inside the house because of its persistent, pungent smell.
- For processing internal walls and ceilings, several folk recipes are used that affect mold:
- We breed 500 g blue vitriol in 10 liters of water. Continuing to stir, add 2 liters of vinegar essence. This solution can process wooden and other types of external and internal walls.
- In 10 liters of water, 500 g of copper sulfate is diluted and 1500 g of table salt is added. This solution also qualitatively fights mycelium.
- We take 1400 ml of vinegar 6% in a bucket of water, add boric acid(400 g) and 900 g of borax. Stir and apply to affected surfaces.
For better impregnation of surfaces, before preparing solutions, it is better to warm up the water a little to 50 and then, with a roller or paint brush apply the solution to the fungus. Re-processing at big defeat walls are carried out after 30 days.
Good results are obtained by processing the walls with new ones. folk recipes. For this, solutions are used:
- treatment of walls with hydrogen peroxide;
- application to the affected surface, diluted to a state liquid porridge, solution soda ash and water;
- a solution of 9% vinegar with water;
- a solution of the same amount of glycerin and alcohol;
- treatment with a solution of bleach or alkali.
But in order not to look for an answer to the question - how to treat the walls from dampness and fungus, it is necessary to maintain a normal temperature and humidity level in the room. To do this, it is necessary to prevent the occurrence of a dew point in the wall by increasing the layer of thermal insulation and ensuring normal room temperature in the room, even in very coldy and at high positive temperatures.
The second way to solve the problem is to provide the room with a reliable and sufficient ventilation system. This reduces the level of humidity in the room, there is no possibility of condensation. If there is no ventilation, it must be carried out by equipping channels and an exhaust air exhaust system.
And when you solve these problems, the room will not be able to form fungal colonies painting the walls black. The room will comfortable atmosphere and joy.
Quite often we forget that we are taking a bath and simply forgot to turn off the tap in the sink. Such inattention is fraught with serious consequences: damage to the finishes and furniture in the bathroom, smudges and yellow spots on the ceiling of neighbors from below, which leads to large unforeseen costs.
Therefore, each modern specialist advises to install a hydrobarrier under the screed layer. In this case, the walls will be protected, and the risk of damage to the building material is minimized, and the floor will not leak, which is important for the neighbors below.
Our life without water is simply impossible, we cannot change its consumption, but we are able to protect ourselves somewhat from it.
Blue marks the areas where waterproofing should be done first.
Protect walls from water
Today, the building materials market is a large number of various options waterproofing the walls of the bathroom, but each of them is, ultimately, about the same thing - continuous coating, preventing the penetration of moisture into the base of the wall.
Don't let the surface crumble protective layer will save the room from mold, fungus and dampness, and most importantly, from the unpleasant odors emitted by them.
Advantages of waterproofing:
Although the goal is specific, choose certain kind waterproofing material pretty hard. Before purchasing the products you need, you should know the following characteristics of the surface to be treated:
- What is the condition of the bathroom walls?
- What materials are the ceilings made from?
- the time frame in which you need to invest;
- floor of your apartment;
- bathroom area;
- the complexity of the wall configuration;
- availability of specific tools: burner, building hair dryer etc.;
- other nuances.
Experts note that it is not necessary to protect every centimeter of the wall, it is enough to choose the most danger zones: around the toilet, sink, tub or shower (in particular, the area inside the cubicle).
Do not forget about the cost of materials and the complexity of working with it, such arguments are quite important, especially for a beginner in the repair business.
Remember, waterproofing walls in a bathroom cannot be a single solution, the floor should also be included in this procedure, otherwise the need to protect the walls from moisture is reduced to zero.
Waterproofing latex-acrylic
Variety of materials
The total mass of materials created exclusively to protect walls or floors from water is divided into the following groups:
- Coating.
- Pasting.
Let's take a closer look at each option so that your choice is as reliable as possible.
Coating materials
This type of waterproofing materials is made on the basis of oxidized bitumen, the composition of which is accompanied by various fillers and an organic solvent.
Latex is used as filler crumb rubber or plasticizer. Each of the components increases the elasticity of the new coating, which makes it more reliable and resistant to aggressive environments bathroom.
Coating materials are distinguished as follows:
- bitumen-rubber mastic;
- bitumen-polymer mastic;
- cement-polymer mastic.
The first two options are distinguished by high adhesion to the walls of the bathroom, however, their reliable properties and strength are manifested only when paired with a reinforcing fiber screed.
Bathroom waterproofing process
The fiber backing makes the base of the walls stronger, more resistant to abrasion and minimizes the risk of cracking.
In spite of main component- bitumen, the materials are not toxic, as their negative qualities are minimized by the introduction of special polymers.
The third option - cement-polymer mastic is somewhat different from the previous "comrades". The difference is that you need to prepare it yourself: mineral filler plus dry cement plus water (other binders can also be used).
After preparing the product, its consistency should remind you of plasticine, and the consumption should be no more than 3 kg per 1 m2, provided that two layers are applied.
Cement-polymer mastic has high adhesion to the subfloor, but if other appropriate components are added, the product can also be used on bathroom walls.
To sum up: coating materials are sold as a dry mix that you will need to dilute with water, or as a paste, completely ready for use and securely sealed in a container.
Pasting materials
The basis of pasting waterproofing materials is bitumen reinforced with polyester or fiberglass, as well as polypropylene modified with polymers. On sale, such materials are found in the form of rolls, often black or blue.
Types of pasting materials:
The main difference between two materials similar in composition is the method of installation.
The first version of the deposited materials is laid using a gas heater. The second type - installs much easier than the first, without the use of any specific tools.
Specialists highlight the following types pasting materials: sheet with bituminous impregnation, rubber-based hydrobarrier.
However, practice recent years revealed that most specialists are gradually abandoning pasting waterproofing materials. Despite their affordable cost and simple installation, they have several disadvantages:
- rolls of waterproofing material include bitumen, which emits a characteristic odor;
- laying roll material does not allow uneven walls with any defects; the walls must be perfectly dry and pre-treated with bituminous impregnation;
- the slightest inaccuracy during installation can bring all the work down the drain.
Given these shortcomings, pasting materials are still in demand, because their use is the most economical way protect bathroom walls.
Practice has shown that roll materials it is easy to install, the time is minimal, the risk of canvas displacement is excluded and, most importantly, further construction work can be carried out immediately, without waiting for the walls to dry, as required by coating materials.
Master's advice (!): Do not use polyethylene-based materials as waterproofing. Such options are of poor quality, short-lived and quite easily pass steam and moisture, unlike the above types.
Unfortunately, not each of us can afford to contact the appropriate company and order a similar service as waterproofing the walls of the bathroom. Therefore, if you decide to process the walls yourself, we recommend choosing the following option: cement-polymer mastic. That is, the material should include sand, cement and polymeric materials.
It is this combination that can build a high-quality hydro-barrier that will protect the finishes and walls of the bathroom for many years.
Bituminous mastic for bathroom waterproofing
It is not worth choosing bituminous mastic or bitumen-impregnated roll materials, over time they can peel off the walls, since such a component has a high fluidity.
Wall preparation
Before starting the laying of the waterproofing layer, the walls must be prepared, for which they will perform the following actions:
- take off old finish: tile or paint, using a spatula or perforator;
- using a plumb line (cord and weight), check how smooth the walls are;
- if the walls are even, the error is no more than 2 cm, it will be enough to treat the surface with a primer;
- if the wall needs to be leveled use plaster mortar on beacons, then wait for the surface to dry for two to three days;
- after leveling the walls, they must be coated with a primer;
- walls should be as dry as possible;
After the specified period, you can start waterproofing the walls of the bathroom using coating materials.
Wall primer
Applying a waterproofing layer
Remember, for waterproofing walls, it is necessary to prefer cement-polymer mastics. They will be able to securely mount on the surface of the walls of the bathroom.
Take Special attention corners of the room: these places should be glued with waterproof tape resistant to water. And also pay attention to the sections near the pipes: special cuffs must be put on their outlets.
It is very important to prime the surface of the walls twice: before and after laying the waterproofing layer. And for the stability of the material, experts recommend using a reinforcing mesh that will securely hold the adhesive composition and ceramic tiles.
The waterproofing layer must be applied twice, with an interval of 4 to 6 hours. Keep a layer thickness of no more than 3 mm.
Liquid waterproofing
Only after processing the walls can you move on to the floor.
Waterproofing bathroom surfaces is an important part of the renovation, without which no one can do modern master. Think carefully about your every step and then you will cope with any task nicely.
Protect the exterior walls of the house from different materials from moisture, the appearance of efflorescence and other unpleasant formations - for this, facade waterproofing is used. The facade can be hydrophobized special formulations, and protection can be used board materials, paints or membranes.
All these procedures can be carried out for a building that has already been built or is just being built. To protect porous materials, for example the surface is impregnated by special means, they promote water repellency, they include acrylic, silicon and organic components.
About the benefits of waterproofing exterior walls
Vysoly is a white salt coating that appears on the walls of houses. All this is due to the fact that water, along with salts, moves inside the material. When the weather is sunny, the moisture rises and dries up, while the salt remains, forming an ugly white coating.
Often, hydrophobization is used for important cultural objects. The material from which the object is built may be too "fragile" for other protection methods.
After the facades have been treated with hydrophobic compounds, they will not be affected by water and moisture, and the facades will also be much easier to clean.
Treated indoors retain heat better, all because the impregnation provides improved thermal insulation. There will be no fungus, mold and other “moisture lovers” on a dry wall, respectively, and the wall will remain not only dry, but also intact.
There are many water repellents, but those that include silicone or silicon are ideal. By using a silicone-based water repellent, your building will continue to "breathe" because silicone is breathable.
What exterior wall materials can be protected with chemical compounds
Not all materials are suitable for facade hydrophobization, only materials that absorb moisture are suitable, for example: brick, gas blocks, tiles. The application process itself is simple, it will be enough to apply a waterproofing substance with a brush or sprayer. This method is called the "surface hydrophobization method".
Giving water-repellent properties to building materials in the process of their production is called the method of volumetric hydrophobization. The best result is achieved when these two methods are used.
This provides maximum protection against moisture, dust and efflorescence. The best result is achieved when these two methods are used. This provides maximum protection against moisture, dust and efflorescence.
How to protect the brick facade of the house?
Be sure to clean the surface to be treated from salt and dirt before applying the water repellent. You can also hydrophobic walls that are saturated with moisture, but to achieve the most best effect work should begin after a few days of warm weather. The wall will dry out during these days and will be ready for processing.
The essence of the work is to seal the pores in the brick itself and its seams. Apply liquid to the previously cleaned wall surface that you want to protect. Due to the fact that the brick itself is a porous material, the solution will be able to penetrate deep enough into it, up to several centimeters.
A colorless water-repellent film will form on the surface. If the seams are badly worn over time, before applying the water repellent, they can be filled with a new solution to give a fresher and more aesthetic appearance.
Protection of plaster facades
They are also susceptible to destruction from moisture getting into them, and therefore waterproofing of the facade from plaster on any basis will be required.
To protect them, organosilicon additives are used, they protect against moisture and increase the drying rate. plaster finish 2 times. The process of their preparation is ordinary and does not carry any special technological processes.
It is possible to prepare the solution both at the place of work and at units specially designed for this, but the solution must be made in a mortar mixer.
Application to the walls occurs in the usual way, using a brush or spray gun. After treatment with hydrophobic liquids, the facade will be protected from moisture and dirt, which can ruin it. appearance, especially if the facade is bright in color.
Protecting wood from moisture
Wood is a wonderful natural product and building material. But without careful care, it can lose all its properties, constantly leading to costs.
A wooden facade must be treated with water-repellent elements, otherwise it will not last long and lose its appearance.
For wood, special hydrophobic impregnations have been developed that penetrate into the deeper layers of wood, excellently protecting it from moisture. In addition, such impregnation does not create a film, which allows the tree to breathe.
Before applying a water-repellent layer, the tree must be prepared, sanded along the fibers, and all dust must be removed. Wood with defects is subjected to restoration using special putty solutions.
It is advisable to apply the water repellent in dry weather so that there is as little moisture as possible in the wood.
Protection of aerated concrete
Aerated concrete blocks themselves are highly absorbent due to their porous, open structure, and therefore, over time, they fade, oxidize and acquire excess weight. To protect against all these misfortunes, waterproofing of the facade from aerated concrete blocks will be required, which consists of several methods.
It is immediately worth noting that extruded polystyrene foam boards, cement and film paints are not suitable for cladding, all these substances do not let air through and, accordingly, the wall cannot breathe.
Protection of aerated concrete with plaster
Let's start with plaster. For aerated concrete blocks, there are special plaster compositions that can protect cheaply and efficiently. But remember, the thickness of the plaster must be such that it can be vapor-permeable.
During its application is necessary, especially where the voltage is increased (windows, corners). Do not plaster in the cold and allow the plaster mixture to dry out.
Protection of aerated concrete with siding
Siding for aerated concrete houses provides the best protection from all sorts of whims of the weather. Lining, ceramic sheets or metal - there is a large choice, and everyone will find what he likes.
An additional nice bonus is the ability to insulate the house with special heaters that can be laid under the facing material.
Aerated concrete coloring
Textured mixtures and are the cheapest way to waterproof the facade from gas blocks. The main thing is to remove all flaws from the wall, bumps, potholes, etc., which can aggravate the appearance and quality of the painting.
The seams between the blocks will have to be rubbed. These types of putties are vapor-permeable, which allows the building to breathe.
Catchment from the roof
To protect facades from snow and water, gutter systems are used, which are currently on the market. big choice. Usage drainage systems is also one of the aspects integrated approach for waterproofing facades of various materials.
Installation quality system catchment will increase the lifespan of your roof and facades. Modern gutters are works of art, providing complete removal rainwater from roofs of all shapes.
They are made from several types of material: steel with zinc coating, copper and gutters based on zinc-titanium alloys. A good wide roof will keep rainwater out of the façade, but not direct rain.
Snow guards
During the winter season, modern snow retainers will help you to hold large masses of snow.
They not only prevent snow masses from getting on the head, but also prevent it from entering the sewage system, which can lead to its breakdown. Modern market provides several types of the most effective snow retainers: yokes, snow guards, lattice and tubular logs. The choice of snow retainer depends on the type of roof you have.
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At present, such a branch of the national economy as construction is developing at a rapid pace in Russia. Hundreds are built daily various buildings and structures. The main building material used for this is brick. Very often, private owners have problems with bricklaying. This is manifested in the fact that brick structures begin to collapse. This occurs mainly as a result of moisture getting between bricks, in joints or seams. At the same time, moisture is deposited, and in winter it freezes, destroying the structure from the inside. Externally, such a process is manifested by the following signs: visible cracks on the walls, between the seams, a decrease in the heat-shielding properties of building envelopes, the presence of moldy fungi, greenery, and so on.
It is necessary to protect the brickwork and eliminate negative impacts moisture on the brick.
Some owners, seeing this, begin to insulate their homes from the inside, but this does not solve the main problem. The structure gradually collapses and becomes less durable. As a result, you will have to resort to expensive repairs. It is best to prevent these negative effects of moisture on the brick. Let us consider in more detail how and with the help of what protection against moisture is carried out, the main reasons how brick is protected.
Masonry repair options
Protection of a brick wall from moisture includes hydrophobic impregnation of the wall and surface cleaning.
Protection brickwork from water is a rather serious problem. It is best to do this at the construction stage, when the damaging factor is not yet in effect. But if there are already visible signs of destruction and exposure to moisture, then there are 2 main repair options. The first, if the seams are in good condition. In this case, it applies hydrophobic impregnation walls, as a result of which water and other liquid substances do not act on it. In the second case, the seams are first sealed, and only then water-repellent substances are used. Protecting a brick wall from moisture should include periodic inspections and surface cleaning.
Inspection is carried out at least once a year. At the same time, visible pollution is removed, greenery, mold are removed. It doesn't have to be done manually. There are special devices, for example, a cleaner high pressure. This very useful device in the household is able to clean any surface from chemical and mechanical contaminants. It can be used to clean cars, remove old paint. In the event that the dirt is not removed, a special paste can be used.
Sealing joints between bricks
Protection is also carried out by cleaning the seams between them. In the course of work, the crumbling elements of the mortar between the bricks are removed. Are removed and facing stones which are in poor condition. The seams are filled with a cement-sand mortar, after which they are sealed with a special substance. For these purposes, it is recommended to use the following solutions: Atlas, Betonit and others. It is best to apply the solution not separately to each seam, but to the entire surface to give it greater stability and strength.
The stages of work include: removing the destroyed mortar and bricks, pre-impregnating the wall, waiting for it to dry, then sealing the seams, cleaning it and impregnating it a second time.
To seal the seams, it is necessary to prepare a mixture based on cement and sand. The solution is rubbed into the wall using a special board with rubber. Then wash the wall clean water. It is important that after this stage the surface is protected from direct sun rays. After 2 days, the impregnation is repeated.
Impregnation of a brick wall
After impregnation of the wall with hydrophobic substances, a protective film is created that does not collapse for a long time.
Protection of brickwork can be carried out in other ways. Even if the walls are saturated with moisture, it is recommended to impregnate them with hydrophobic substances. Preferably do it dry. warm weather so that the solution is well absorbed. The essence of this method lies in the fact that the substance that is part of the drug contributes to the closure of pores and in building material(in the seams and the stone itself). At the same time, an invisible, transparent, thin protective film is created on the surface of the structure, which does not collapse for a long time. Impregnation is best done before grouting. For convenience, use a sprayer.
The drug is applied from top to bottom. Previously, the domestic drug Siloxil was widely used, but its European analogue Funcosil is currently very popular. They are very easy to use, as they are very active even on wet surfaces. It is environmentally friendly, therefore it is practically safe for the human body. Despite all its advantages, the substance will not last long. Periodically, it will be necessary to repeat this procedure in order to avoid repeated destruction of the brick.
Efflorescence on the brick surface
Efflorescence on the surface of the brick indicates an active process of destruction of the wall.
Brick is ceramic product which does not contain any salts. Even if there is a dye (metal oxides) on its surface, then salts cannot reach the surface with water. The salts give it its color. In the white brick, they are not at all. Salt is formed from a solution that is used in masonry. The composition of this stone has many pores that absorb both moisture and salt. After evaporation of water on the surface, you can see a white coating, this is efflorescence. To a greater extent, this worsens the appearance of the structure, but this is not the main problem. The salts testify to the active process of destruction of the wall.
To remove efflorescence, the most commonly used drug is called Decap' sols Guard. Before applying it, some preparatory work will be required: check the quality of the waterproofing, especially the roof and gutters, and reduce the ingress of moisture. In addition, you will need to clean the seams. There are other similar active substances, but they have the same mechanism of action. Some of them do not require neutralization.
Water repellent Crystallisol
Water repellent Crystallisol is very economical and easy to use.
Protection of brickwork from liquid can be carried out using special substances. The most effective of them are water repellents. What is it? This is a tool that is used for water-repellent impregnation with various construction work. It is a silicon-based concentrate. It is a perfect and multi-component preparation. Experts recommend it for processing artificial stone, concrete, brick, ceramic tiles. Unlike its other competitors, it is active against wet surfaces of structures, which gives it wider use and greater efficiency.
A similar concentrate has found wide application in the processing of slate, brick, concrete, shell rock, cinder blocks, gypsum, plaster and other materials. Its scope is very large. Its advantage is that even in the presence of moisture, it is very economical, unlike its foreign counterparts. It is diluted about 30 times, so one liter of the substance is enough to process more than 150 meters of the surface of any material. The cost of processing 1 sq. meters is only 12.5 rubles. Therefore, Crystallisol is practically indispensable in this field.
Mechanism of action of Crystallisol
Crystallisol prevents the deposition of dirt, moldy fungi and the penetration of moisture deep into the coating.
Protection of brickwork in this way lies in the fact that the water repellent helps to increase frost resistance brick construction several times, in addition, its strength increases by 24 - 26%. Very often, the product is used in the lining of surfaces of buildings with high humidity: baths, saunas. In this case, Crystallisol prevents the penetration of moisture into the coating, prevents deposition on the surface. harmful microorganisms, in particular microscopic moulds. They can handle facades. Crystallisol prevents the deposition of dirt on the surface of the brick, which has a positive effect on the aesthetic characteristics of the building or structure.
Along with these useful properties, the product is widely used for painting walls along with conventional colorants. Thanks to him, it is possible to reduce the amount of paint consumed and save a little. Another big advantage is the ease of use. This does not require special knowledge and skills, equipment.
The advantages of this method of protecting structures from moisture
Advantages of Crystallisol: the drug is environmentally friendly, fireproof, durable, does not change the appearance of the surface.
As mentioned above, this method is very simple, efficient and economical. It has a number of advantages over other means of protection. Firstly, the water repellent does not create a visible, sticky film on the wall surface, which would cause the accumulation of dust and dirt. Secondly, this drug is environmentally friendly. This means that it contains no harmful substances. chemical substances dangerous to humans. Thirdly, it is fireproof, unlike regular paint. Fourthly, it does not change the appearance of the treated surface and does not violate the vapor permeability of facades. Fifth, it is cheap. Sixth, durable.
The composition of the impregnation does not contain solvents that can be toxic. It is economical, that is, it is used only in diluted form. Its ratio to water when diluted is 1:30. Consumption rate per 1 sq. m is 200 g of solution. Thus, one liter of the drug can process more than 150 square meters. meters of surface. It is also important that it is active on almost any surface, be it brick or concrete.
Instructions for use
To protect the brickwork from moisture, it is necessary to prepare a working solution.
Protection of masonry requires knowledge of the description of the preparation, scope, preparation of the working solution. In order to prevent exposure to moisture, you will need to make a working solution. For this, the substance is diluted in ordinary water in a ratio of 1: 30, after which the resulting mixture is applied in an even layer on the surface of the brickwork. It is important that it is clean and dry. If it is contaminated with efflorescence, fungi, greens, then you first need to clean it. For this, it is best to use chemical solutions and antiseptics, which have disinfecting effects and remove biological agents from the surface. It is advisable to remove mechanical impurities with a jet of water.
On the facades of brick buildings, the water repellent is applied in a thin, even layer. There must be only one layer. On the concrete pavements it is possible to apply a double layer, while the interval between them is at least 10 - 15 minutes. Processing is recommended to be done in dry, warm weather at a temperature of at least + 5 degrees, otherwise the moisture protection effect may be lower. By following the instructions and proper care behind the surface of the brickwork, the duration of the drug Crystallisol will be from 10 to 12 years. This substance is also an excellent antiseptic that prevents the formation of harmful mold on the surface of the masonry.
On the facades of brick buildings, the water repellent Kristalizol is applied in a thin, even layer.
It can be concluded that very often in private construction there is a destruction of structures, including brick ones. The main reason is exposure to moisture and lack of pre-treatment surfaces with protective preparations. Moisture penetrates into the seams and pores of the brick, gradually destroying them. There are 2 main repair methods. In the first case, preliminary cleaning and removal of damaged material is required, then impregnation. In the second, the walls are simply treated with active substances. In order to make repairs, you will need equipment and tools:
- Master OK;
- falcon;
- sledgehammer;
- cement-sand mixture;
- scapula;
- stairs;
- hydrophobic solution;
- a hammer;
- solution container;
- wooden stick for even application of the product;
- hose with water;
- antiseptics;
- sprayer.
Very popular today are water repellents, which are able to form a protective film on the surface of the brickwork. It is simple, economical and very effective method moisture protection. When carrying out all work, it is very important to follow the instructions for its use. Highly great importance it also has whether you noticed the first signs of destruction in time or not. Very often, the first symptoms of masonry destruction are the appearance of efflorescence on the surface, which is a white coating. In addition, mold, greenery, or cracks may appear.
