Coating waterproofing of foundations with polymer varnish pf. What is coating waterproofing and where is it used? Bituminous emulsions - safe work in the basement

If you decide to build a country house, as they say, for centuries, then you will have to take care of the reliable protection of its foundation - the foundation. First of all, this concerns waterproofing works to prevent saturation of reinforced concrete with excess moisture. As you already know, for this it is necessary to use special materials and compositions, and in the latter case we are talking about coating waterproofing of the foundation, a solution that is easiest to do with your own hands. In this article, we will talk about what is coating waterproofing for the foundation, what it is, and also consider the procedure for carrying out work to protect the base of the house from moisture and give some valuable recommendations in this regard.

What is coating waterproofing

Modern coating waterproofing materials designed to protect underground structures from the negative effects of a humid environment are multicomponent viscous compositions that are applied in one or more layers to the foundation surface. The thickness of such waterproofing, depending on the brand of material, can be from 1 mm to 1-2 cm. The effectiveness of the fight against not only capillary moisture, but also the impact of groundwater at a high location of the aquifer of the soil has been proven. To date, there are 3 main types of coating materials that are in the same high demand as roll waterproofing of the foundation:

bituminous. Coating waterproofing compositions based on building bitumen. Effectively used by many generations of builders;
polymeric. The same bituminous mastic is taken as the basis, however, modern compositions differ in various additives and solvents, which ultimately affect the properties of the resulting waterproofing layer;
cement-polymer, which, as the name implies, uses cement and various plasticizing additives

The main advantages of using coating waterproofing for the foundation include the following: all work to protect the base can be done by hand, you do not need to be a professional for this, the main thing is to choose the right material. So, if the waterproofing of the foundation requires the help of at least one person, then in our case you can handle it on your own. In addition, using viscous compounds, we can get a uniform protective surface, without any joints. Additionally, we can note the convenience of transporting the material, as well as a very reasonable cost.

Bituminous and bitumen-polymer mastics

As we noted above, the most popular coating waterproofing compounds are those based on bitumen. Recently, the popularity of modified products, the so-called bitumen-polymer mastics, has increased. There are coating compositions for cold and hot applications.

hot bitumen

The cheapest option is to use hot bitumen. In addition, such materials allow you to work at any convenient temperature, even in the "severe minus". The only difficulty that an individual developer may encounter in this case is that such mastic will have to be transferred to a liquid state by heating it.

Mastics on organic solvents

If for some reason you do not want to additionally heat the bituminous mastic, then a material whose liquid consistency is provided by organic solvents is suitable for you. If the surface area of the foundation is small, then it is better to use mastics on organic solvents for its waterproofing - it will be faster and cheaper.

Bituminous emulsions - safe work in the basement

If you decide to build a house with a basement, then you will have to think about additional internal waterproofing of the basement. As you understand, working with materials based on organic solvents in a closed or even semi-closed room, in which there is no effective ventilation system, cannot be called safe. But even in this case, there is a solution - water-based coating waterproofing. It is recommended to use such mastic at positive air temperatures - in this case, the quality of the protective layer will be no worse than when treated with hot bitumen. In addition, it can be added that bitumen emulsions solidify faster, thereby reducing the technological pause in work.

A few words about liquid rubber

The next option is suitable for processing large areas of the foundation, and it is hardly possible to implement it with your own hands without resorting to the use of professional equipment. We are talking about the use of special bitumen-latex emulsions (liquid rubber), which is sprayed onto the surface of the foundation.

Before buying a coating waterproofing for the foundation

If you are going to buy a certain composition for waterproofing the foundation, you should solve several questions at once:

determine the temperature conditions under which the mastic will be used. The packaging usually indicates the operating range, which is highly recommended not to be neglected;
evaluate the conditions of use of the material. Separate mastics are intended for external waterproofing of the foundation, others can also be used when forming an internal protective layer, for example, in basements;
immediately evaluate the front of the upcoming work. We are interested in the surface area that needs to be treated with mastic. We study the packaging and find data on material consumption per 1 square meter. We compare price and consumption, compare offers from different manufacturers (economic part);
load on the treated surface. It is very important to consider what impacts the part of the foundation we have processed will be exposed to. Not all mastics can be used as the formation of a horizontal protective layer at the "foundation-wall" junction.

In the conditions of individual construction of houses, the most appropriate is the use of hot (bitumen-polymer) and cold mastics based on organic solvents. They are applied using ordinary brushes, spatulas, rollers in several layers (if necessary, the foundation surface is prepared for waterproofing by impregnation with primers). It is necessary to ensure that the thickness of the waterproofing is the same, without gaps. It is not recommended to reduce the technological pause by artificial means. Very carefully in terms of fire safety, you need to behave in relation to mastics on organic solvents.

To achieve the maximum possible resource of reinforced concrete underground structures, waterproofing of the foundation is necessary. The cheapest way for an individual developer is to coat the concrete surfaces of the slab, tape or pillars with mastic. To do this, you do not need to have plastering skills, buy or rent gas burners necessary for other waterproofing technologies.

The main requirements for waterproofing protection are the continuity of the layer, the maximum overhaul period. As a coating waterproofing, mastics are used, classified in accordance with the state standard GOST 30693 of 2000 on the grounds of:

composition - polymeric, bituminous, combined, one- and two-component;
solvent - organic or water;
hardening - non-hardening, hardening upon evaporation of the solvent or due to a chemical reaction;
method of use - cold, hot.

Cold mastics are more convenient to use, they do not need to be heated with special equipment. Only bituminous mastics or combined mixtures are hot, in which crumb rubber or polymer granules are added to bitumen.

Important! Mastics are applied to the foundation with a brush, spray or roller in a minimum of two coats. If the sole of the concrete structure is insulated with rolled material, the edges of which are launched onto vertical surfaces, at least three layers are required at the joints.

The most popular mastics of the following modifications:

polymeric - does not destroy polystyrene foam glued on top of it to insulate structures;
bitumen-polymer - plastics improve the properties of the film, for example, the tensile strength of such a material is 300% compared to the usual one;
rubber-bitumen - filled with EPDM crumbs, there are hot, cold mixtures;
bituminous emulsion - ready to use, quickly hardens.

The film obtained from pure bitumen without modifying additives has low mechanical strength, therefore it is not used in foundations.

Mastics are ideal for protection against capillary groundwater. With hydrostatic pressure from groundwater within 5 m, polymer modifications should be used, within 2 m -. The thickness of the layer depends on the depth of the structure, it is 2 - 4 mm for 3 - 5 m foundations, respectively.

A one-component mixture has a practically unlimited pot life (time before application). In two-component mixtures, after mixing the compositions, a chemical reaction begins, therefore the entire volume must be worked out completely before setting begins.

The industry produces three categories of cold coating waterproofing materials:

budget - cost 20 - 30 rubles / kg, consist of tar, construction bitumen;
standard - have a sharp unpleasant odor, contain bitumen BN 70/30 or BN 50/50; with average characteristics, naphtha oil fraction is used as a solvent, cost 50 - 85 rubles / kg;
premium class - the composition includes bitumen BN 90/10 or BN 70/30 modified with rubber, hardening for 12 - 18 hours, the cost of the mastic is 100 - 140 rubles / kg.

Important! Budget mastics, despite the presence of packaging and the brand of the manufacturer, do not meet the requirements of GOST. Therefore, you should not save on the quality of the waterproofing layer, you should buy either standard coatings or Premium class products.

Products based on tar harden up to 5 days, flow down from the vertical walls of the foundation under their own weight in the heat, since these materials have practically no heat resistance. After 8 weeks of operation, elasticity decreases sharply and unpredictably.

Foundation waterproofing technology

Since coating waterproofing is applied to underground structures, maximum adhesion of the film to concrete and mechanical protection of the coating from the effects of heaving forces are required. Therefore, at first the base is prepared, after the film layer has hardened, the foundation is pasted over from the outside with polystyrene foam. In addition to protecting the waterproofing from mechanical damage, the insulation shifts the dew point outward (relevant for the operated basement and underground), prevents concrete from freezing.

Foundation preparation

The concrete surface of the foundation before coating with waterproofing mastic must be carefully prepared:

grouting large surface pores with cement-sand mortar or cement paste;
removal of "ridges" that appear in the cracks of the formwork;
drying of the concrete surface (humidity for bitumen-emulsion compositions 8% maximum, for all other 4%);
cleaning oily, greasy and dirty stains;
decontamination of the foundation.

The moisture content of concrete is checked by gluing plastic films to the surface. For 12 - 24 hours, condensate should accumulate under the patch, which does not form drops.

Important! It is forbidden to apply coating compositions to the interfaces of structural surfaces without pre-treatment. Fillets (fillets) are made in the inner corners, chamfers with a radius of 3–5 mm are rounded on the outer corners.

Primer

Foundation waterproofing will have maximum adhesion to concrete only when a primer is used. For this, special primers or diluted mastic are used. Unlike conventional primers, the primers are dark in color and do not require color addition to control untreated areas.

The primer increases the roughness of the foundation, binds the remaining dust particles, and reduces the consumption of coating waterproofing. Depending on the composition of the primer, the drying time is not the same. Therefore, the structure should be coated in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

First layer

Foundation waterproofing is less expensive if applied with a roller, brush or spatula. Sprayers must be purchased or rented, washed from oily viscous products after use. It is recommended to apply vertical stripes from bottom to top with a layer overlap of 3-5 cm. It is necessary to adhere to the same thickness of the waterproofing layer, to level out drips and sags on the foundation surfaces.

Finishing layer

Before applying the second layer, individual sections or the entire surface of the foundation are usually reinforced. For this, polymer, fiberglass meshes or fiberglass are used. Reinforcement is mandatory in the corners and junctions of the coating waterproofing of the foundation with rolled materials.

The grids are recessed into the first layer that has not dried up, the mastic that has protruded through the cells is leveled with a brush or spatula. Many craftsmen practice immersing the mesh in a container with a coating, and then gluing it to the surface and rolling it with a roller or leveling the material with a spatula.

Thus, coating waterproofing is made with special mastics over the primer primer layer. The mating surfaces of the foundation are reinforced without fail, the working planes - as necessary. The choice of mastic is carried out depending on the budget of the developer and the availability of pressure water.

Advice! If you need contractors, there is a very convenient service for their selection. Just send in the form below a detailed description of the work to be done and you will receive offers with prices from construction teams and firms by mail. You can see reviews of each of them and photos with examples of work. It's FREE and there's no obligation.

What is coating waterproofing

bituminous. Coating waterproofing compositions based on building bitumen. Effectively used by many generations of builders;
polymeric. The same bituminous mastic is taken as the basis, however, modern compositions differ in various additives and solvents, which ultimately affect the properties of the resulting waterproofing layer;
cement-polymer, which, as the name implies, uses cement and various plasticizing additives

Bituminous and bitumen-polymer mastics

hot bitumen

Mastics on organic solvents

Bituminous emulsions - safe work in the basement

A few words about liquid rubber

Before buying a coating waterproofing for the foundation

If you are going to buy a certain composition for waterproofing the foundation, you should solve several questions at once:

determine the temperature conditions under which the mastic will be used. The packaging usually indicates the operating range, which is highly recommended not to be neglected;
evaluate the conditions of use of the material. Separate mastics are intended for external waterproofing of the foundation, others can also be used when forming an internal protective layer, for example, in basements;
immediately evaluate the front of the upcoming work. We are interested in the surface area that needs to be treated with mastic. We study the packaging and find data on material consumption per 1 square meter. We compare price and consumption, compare offers from different manufacturers (economic part);
load on the treated surface. It is very important to consider what impacts the part of the foundation we have processed will be exposed to. Not all mastics can be used as the formation of a horizontal protective layer at the "foundation-wall" junction.

A few tips for using coating waterproofing

It is better to reinforce the joints of the foundation surfaces with a glass reinforcing mesh. The same applies to places where small cracks were found. All work is best done in warm, dry weather, however, proceed from the recommendations of the manufacturers, which are usually indicated on the packaging with coating waterproofing. Remember that there are compounds that polymerize in one day after application, but there are also those that need 7-10 days for this.

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Coating waterproofing is one of the types of foundation protection against moisture penetration into concrete. Such waterproofing perfectly protects against the ingress of capillary moisture, but the hydrostatic pressure should be less than 0.1 MPa. For coating protection, materials such as polymer or bitumen mastic are used, on the surface of which a film appears that does not allow water and other liquids to enter the foundation.

The strength of the coating waterproofing is small, therefore, for horizontal protection of the foundation, it is not used as the main protection. In this case, the coating is used as an additional waterproofing along with other types of surface protection. The coating can serve as the main surface protection for vertical (lateral) waterproofing. To date, bituminous coating waterproofing is the most affordable and popular way of lateral protection, in addition, the price per m2 is available to everyone.

Materials for coating waterproofing

Mixtures are made from different materials. Basically, these are rubber, bitumen mastics, varnishes, primers, water-based paints. Each material has its purpose. Mastics are cold and hot, they are produced in the form of briquettes, the consistency of the mixtures is viscous. Before use, the mastics are heated to the desired temperature ranging from 180 degrees Celsius.

Rubber, having the properties of rubber, adds plasticity, prevents the appearance of cracks on the surface of the foundation.
Polymer materials used to improve adhesion, penetration of the coating mixture into the pores of the surface of the previous layer to obtain better protection against moisture ingress. Thanks to the use of polymers, mechanical resistance is increased.
Bitumen is used to create a specific black waterproof film. It is added to mixtures or solutions of organic solvents, to emulsions and melts.
Impregnations on a water or organic basis used to improve the waterproofing properties of membrane films.

According to SNiP, waterproofing is distinguished by properties. There are anti-capillary, anti-pressure and non-pressure.

Application of coating waterproofing materials according to SNiP

SNiP is the main document regulating the procedure for performing work on waterproofing the foundation. In other words, SNiP is a set of rules and regulations for the performance of construction work, including the laying of coated waterproofing. You can make waterproofing without referring to SNiP, but then the result may not meet expectations.

The SNiP explains how to choose the right material for coating waterproofing and perform installation work. The choice of material depends on the quality of the preliminary surface (soil). The SNiP states that if the soil is clayey, then anti-pressure protection should be chosen, and for sandy soil, anti-capillary protection.

The procedure for SNiP for coating waterproofing differs little from other types. To begin with, as for other types of protection, the preliminary surface is carefully protected from dust, dirt, debris.

Important: The surface should be as flat as possible, for this, bulges, bumps are removed, sharp corners, protrusions are cut off by the grinder. If this is not done, during the operation of the floor, strong pressure on the floor may occur, damaging the insulating layer. In addition, you should get rid of cracks in the floor, recesses and gaps. They are preliminarily embroidered to the base, carefully cleaned, then poured with a cement solution. If the recesses on the floor are not made, air remains there. Bubbles appear later, they can break the waterproofing surface.

The next stage of work on SNiP will be surface treatment with primers (primers). They are used to improve the application of coating waterproofing, improve the penetration of the mixture into the upper layers of the surface. There are several types of primers, each with its own purpose associated with the type of coating used. Primers are applied to a clean surface, after application they dry out within a few hours. For waterproof protection of bituminous materials, primers with a similar solvent are used, for water-based emulsion, water-soluble primers are used.

For bituminous and bitumen-organic mastic, the surface is treated with a special varnish to improve adhesion. For further work, the varnish must be dry. The next step according to SNiP is the preparation of the mixture for application to the surface. To prepare the mixture, follow the instructions on the package.

The temperature when laying the coating waterproofing should be in the range from -20 to 60 degrees Celsius, the humidity of the concrete should not exceed 4%. Several layers of coating waterproofing are applied to the floor surface. To do this, use a roller, spatula or brush. There should be no missing places on the surface, the corners are carefully processed. Before applying the next layer, the previous one must be dry. To improve the plasticity of the coating material, it can be heated.

Coating waterproofing cost per m2

The price per m2 for the work depends on many factors, one of the most important is the cost of the material for coating waterproofing. To do this, you need to find out how much materials will be spent on 1 m2. Usually, the calculation of the cost of materials is carried out with the calculation of 3 kg per 1 m2. But there are materials whose consumption is 2 or less kg per m2.

The formation of the price per m2 is affected by the cost of the materials used, the complexity of the work, the size of the area of the room and others. The most expensive are polymer-bitumen and rubber-bitumen protection, their cost per m2 is almost twice as much as bituminous and based on waterproof solvents. You can find out the cost of coating waterproofing per m2 from the contractor.

The foundation erected according to all technical requirements and norms is 50% of success in the construction of a building.

The construction of the foundation is divided into technological stages, the most important of which is the waterproofing work to protect concrete from moisture.

Why do you need foundation waterproofing?

For a living organism, water is the source of life, while a hygroscopic building material, such as concrete, suffers from contact with water. But the concrete foundation is buried deep in the ground, from which moisture seeps out. Plinths of buildings and basements suffer from constant exposure to moisture. All these structures need permanent protection, which is what waterproofing is.

Waterproofing prevents water from getting inside concrete structures, where it can freeze in winter and gradually destroy the structure, crystallizing and increasing in volume. Water washes away concrete structures, all this threatens in the future with a decrease in the mechanical properties of the foundation and, as a result, its destruction. Therefore, the importance of waterproofing work cannot be underestimated, because, as you know, water wears away a stone.

The task of waterproofing works is to prevent the penetration of moisture into concrete products.

They are carried out, as a rule, with the early laying of the foundation outside. If all the requirements for the arrangement of waterproofing are met, then it reliably protects the foundation and basement from melt and rain water, preventing it from penetrating inside and washing away the foundation. This is external waterproofing. When construction is carried out on a site with a high content of groundwater, then external waterproofing is not enough, because. moisture penetrates from under the basement floor. In this case, after arranging the foundation, in addition to external waterproofing, they also carry out the internal along the walls and floor of the basement in order to completely protect themselves from the effects of water. A completely sealed basement is formed.

Types of waterproofing

Three types of waterproofing are widely used in construction. These are penetrating, pasting and coating waterproofing. They differ in execution technology, advantages and disadvantages, and, of course, in the final cost. Let's talk about them in more detail.

Let's start with the oldest technology - coated waterproofing. Its essence lies in the application of a material with waterproof properties to the protected structure. At first, diluted clay acted as such material. Later it was replaced by various types of bitumen-based mastics. Today, modern polymeric materials are applied to the walls.

The protective material is applied to the prepared foundation surface: the seams must be puttied. The foundation is painted in at least three layers, the application is carried out with a roller, spatula or brush, depending on the consistency of the mastic. When the applied material has dried, the ditch that runs along the foundation is filled up. Coating waterproofing is suitable for outdoor use, it can also cover the basement of a building to protect it.

At the same time, mastic is not suitable for waterproofing work in the basement, because. it does not adhere well to concrete and may begin to flake off under high groundwater pressure.

Coating waterproofing is easy to apply, like ordinary painting, has good mechanical strength and at the same time is inexpensive (the cost of 1 sq. M is from 100 rubles for cement compositions and from 150 rubles for bituminous ones).

Unfortunately, this type of waterproofing is not suitable for interior work and may begin to crack with strong temperature fluctuations. Therefore, this technology is used to protect the plinths of buildings and external vertical walls.

This type of waterproofing appeared as a result of the improvement of the previous technology. To get rid of cracking of the protective layer, one or more layers of reinforcing material are glued to the surface, which is used in rolls, like ordinary wallpaper.

Pasting waterproofing is carried out by gluing a rolled material onto a flat surface. A special mastic is used as glue. Most often, instead of it, the technology of fusing the waterproofing material by heating it with a burner is used. The first layer melts, becomes viscous and semi-liquid in consistency, then sticks to the surface. In the same way, apply the second and subsequent layers, if necessary.

The advantage of gluing waterproofing is the higher tensile and cracking strength of the canvas.

At the same time, the disadvantage is a less durable connection to the surface, as a result, this type of waterproofing is more suitable for roofing. On the vertical walls of the foundation, delamination is possible. In addition, this method is technically more difficult to implement and a little more expensive - the price starts from 120 rubles per 1 sq. m.

Modern technology for today and universal, suitable for both outdoor and indoor use. The finished building foundation and other structures that need protection are treated with a special solution that penetrates the concrete slab and reacts with cement. The result of this reaction is the appearance in concrete of crystals that are insoluble in water. They clog microcracks, pores and tubules and displace water from them, while the process spreads everywhere in all directions. The concrete becomes waterproof. As soon as all the moisture is forced out of the material, the crystals stop growing, but as soon as it enters it again, they grow again in all directions until the water disappears.

Unfortunately, penetrating waterproofing only works with concrete. With other materials, this type of waterproofing is inapplicable, with the exception of only brick, and even then the technology in this case is very laborious and not widespread, like brick foundations.

Application to the surface resembles coating waterproofing: dilute the special mixture with water and mix until a solution is obtained that resembles sour cream in consistency, and then applied with a roller, spatula or brush. When the layer dries, brush off excess waterproofing. For waterproofing to work best, the surface must be smooth and without seams. In the case of a monolithic foundation, this is not a problem, but for one made of concrete blocks, it will be necessary to putty the seams and apply waterproofing for the seams. Next, simply process the entire surface.

Let us mention the advantages and disadvantages of this technology. Since this type of waterproofing acts on concrete at a chemical level, it not only gives it waterproof properties, but also makes it additionally stronger, and this is by no means an unnecessary property for a foundation. It is applied to the surface just as easily as a coating waterproofing, but due to its deeper penetration into the material, it is suitable for protecting both external walls and the basement.

As already mentioned, penetrating waterproofing only works with concrete. It is also the most expensive type of work. The cost of 1 sq. m of waterproofing will cost at least 300 rubles.

However, this is the most modern way to ensure the protection of buildings under construction and those already built. For basements that are regularly flooded due to high groundwater levels, this is often the only way to keep the foundation of the building and the building itself from dampness.

Outcome

The choice of one or another type of waterproofing is determined both by the requirements for the level of protection, technical standards and the ability to implement in practice, as well as the cost of these works. The most reliable and durable way of waterproofing is penetrating waterproofing. It will provide a good level of protection against both groundwater and rain and melt water. However, gluing waterproofing is optimal in terms of price and quality, which will provide a sufficient level of protection in most cases at an affordable price.