Foam glass in frame construction. Frame walls with granulated foam glass. Expanded clay prices

Foam glass - not new material, it was invented by Russian scientists back in the thirties of the last century. However, for a long time, due to the imperfection of technology and high costs at its release, foam glass was practically not used. Today, the production of foam glass has been established, taking into account previous shortcomings and a significant reduction in cost, which allowed it to take one of the first places among other heaters. Wide application material is due to its excellent thermal insulation characteristics, thanks to which the insulation of the house with foam glass will become great solution for a wooden building.

The basis of the material is glass, which is crushed to a powder consistency during the production process. The crushed mass is laid out in molds and heated in a special oven. Under the influence of high temperature and the gases released during melting, the powder turns into a plate with a porous structure.

Foam glass is produced in the form:

porous blocks standard sizes(length from 200 to 475 mm, width 125-400 mm, thickness 80-120 mm);
granules.

Insulation characteristics

The material is 80% air, due to the high porosity of the plate they have very little weight. Material density 120-200 kg/m3.

The compressive strength is in the range of 0.5-1.2 MPa.

The thermal conductivity is 0.06 W/m*K, which is even lower than that of wood.

The material can be used in the temperature range from -200 to +500C. At higher temperature indicators plates begin to warp.

Foam glass is chemically inert and does not interact with acids, alkalis, gasoline and other aggressive substances.

Advantages

Low level of water absorption. The material practically does not allow water to pass through, which is a key characteristic when insulating a log and lumber house.
Thanks to micropores, the material passes air well, without interfering with the air exchange processes taking place in the wood and providing an optimal microclimate of the room.
Fire safety. The material does not burn, at a temperature of 1000 degrees it begins to melt without releasing harmful compounds.
It has good soundproofing characteristics.
Biologically stable, not susceptible to the formation of fungus, mold, microorganisms.
Thanks to good thermal insulation characteristics, with a minimum thickness of the plates, it is possible to achieve high efficiency insulation.
The service life of the material exceeds 50 years without changing its basic properties and characteristics.

disadvantages

The main disadvantage of foam glass is its high cost. Despite the fact that today the cost of material is much lower than many years ago, it is still quite high. This is due to the complex manufacturing technology and the need to use special expensive equipment in production.

Another drawback is that the material is quite fragile and does not withstand shock loads. When working with it, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the technology, any deviations can lead to cracking of the plates.

Note! Today on the market you can find more cheap analogue made from liquid glass. However, the material, which is essentially a porous adhesive, has a low degree of moisture resistance, and also does not differ in the strength that foam glass has.

Application

For the insulation of private houses, granular material is used infrequently. The reason for this is the rather high cost and lack of experience in its use. Although it can serve as an excellent bulk insulation for the floor. His thermal insulation characteristics much higher than the popular expanded clay. To insulate the floor, you will need a layer two times less than the thickness of expanded clay.

Much more often for warming wooden and brick houses using a plate insulator. Such property as moisture resistance made it a very popular material for thermal insulation of water structures: swimming pools, baths, saunas. Foam glass is great for insulation large areas, high-rise buildings. Due to the wide range of permitted temperatures, it is often used for thermal insulation of the pipeline.

The thickness of the plates must be chosen in accordance with the material from which the house is built. So, for thermal insulation of the facade of brick and concrete houses suitable insulation 120 mm thick.

To insulate a house made of timber and logs, slabs with a thickness of 80-100 mm are quite enough.

Internal walls can be insulated with an insulator with this indicator within 60 mm.

For thermal insulation of horizontal surfaces, including floors, floor including system warm floors, as well as the foundation, the bulk method of insulation is best suited. The granules will fill all the cavities and voids, providing a high degree of thermal protection of the house.

Installation of foam glass plates

The installation technology of foam glass is quite simple. The plates are glued to a special glue, and then the wall is faced decorative material. For gluing the blocks, a special two-part bituminous adhesive solution is used, which consists of a liquid and a dry component. The ingredients are mixed before use.

For work outside the house, frost-resistant adhesives are used. Foam glass cannot be glued to the cement-sand mixture, because. when dried, the solution shrinks and may crack.

On the wooden walls blocks are best fixed with special dowels. This method will ensure air exchange between the log house wall and the insulation, and will also not interfere with the movement of the tree during the period of residual shrinkage.

Surface preparation

The base is cleaned of dirt and dust; when using glue, it is also very important to remove grease stains that will impair the adhesion of materials. In the presence of foci of mold and fungus, it is necessary to apply antifungal compounds.
All metal elements must be coated with an anti-corrosion agent.
An uneven surface must be leveled, and then a primer mixture is applied.

Fixing plates to walls

The reverse side of the insulation is smeared with glue, it must be evenly distributed over the entire tile, and the solution is also applied to two side faces.
In order for the plates to lie flat, it is necessary to install a horizontal bar (wooden or metal) below at the level of the plinth.
Plates are laid in the direction from the bottom up. The first row is mounted on a support rail, which is removed after installation is completed.
Blocks of the second and subsequent rows are installed with an offset, so that the connecting seams of the tiles of adjacent rows do not match.
After the glue dries, the tiles are additionally fixed with dowels.

When insulating the walls of a log house, the slabs are laid in the same way, but without the use of glue.

The subsequent layers of the warming cake depend on the type of decorative finish:

If it is supposed to cover the wall decorative plaster, a reinforcing mesh is laid on top of the plates;
Before facing the wall with stone or other material that creates a large load, it is necessary to additionally strengthen each tile with 4-5 dowels, and install a frame from above wooden slats or metal profile.
When erecting brick wall, between the insulation and the masonry there should be an empty cavity with a width of at least 25 mm.
When decorating walls with clapboard, panels or siding, the frame method of attaching the skin is also used.

Floor insulation

Thermal insulation of the floor can be done with both tiled and bulk insulation.

Insulation with foam glass blocks is performed as follows:

Foam glass plates are laid on top concrete base, they can also be placed directly on top of compacted sand.
The next layer is waterproofing. To do this, you can use a PVC film laid in two layers.
The entire insulation structure is poured cement screed. Any floor covering can be laid on top.

Stages of floor insulation along the logs using granular filling:

Lay under the joists wooden blocks on which boards are laid.
The space between the floors is covered with foam glass granules.
From above, the insulation is covered with a layer of vapor barrier.
Lay the subfloor.
Lay any floor covering.

Conclusion

Foam glass is an excellent thermal insulator and has many advantages over other materials. However, this insulation is quite fragile, which becomes a big problem when doing the work yourself. Main condition quality styling- strict adherence to technology. Even a small departure from technological process may cause cracking of the boards.

To rid yourself of unnecessary problems, this work best left to professionals.

Experienced specialists of the Master Srubov company will perform high-quality thermal insulation of your house with tiled and granulated foam glass. We carry out works on the territory of Moscow and the region. You can order a specialist visit on the page where all the coordinates of our company are located.

The Ecostroy-City company offers an innovative insulation for frame house- foam glass. This material is far ahead of mineral wool, polyurethane foam and other means of heat saving, environmental friendliness and durability.

Usually the warming process standard materials happens like this:

First of all, parchment is used. It is needed to provide a waterproofing layer.
Then a foil-based insulation is laid to create a vapor barrier layer.
The following is the thermal insulation material: mineral wool, polyfoam, polyurethane.
high quality edged board. Required condition– humidity index maximum 15%.
The optimal section of the board is 25x150 millimeters.

If you use foam glass, then you can do without foil insulation. It perfectly copes with heat-insulating tasks, besides it does not let steam and moisture pass through itself. Blocks of foam glass are placed between the racks of the frame. Installation of the material can be done independently, if you already have experience in building houses.

Features of the use of insulation

Usually, the material for thermal insulation occupies about 80% of all walls of a frame house. At the same time, the insulation does not generate heat, it is an obstacle to the penetration of cold and moisture into the room. On the other hand, the layer keeps the necessary temperature in the house, obtained thanks to heating devices. In summer, everything happens the other way around: the coolness lingers in the rooms, and the heat remains on the street.

Foam glass not only 100% copes with the above functions, but also demonstrates soundproofing qualities. All unnecessary noise and extraneous sounds will be concentrated beyond the threshold.

Another important quality of foam glass is incombustibility. Which greatly increases the popularity of this insulation in comparison with mineral wool and polystyrene. In the event of a fire, there is no instantaneous smoke and emission a large number carbon dioxide.

In our company you can buy required amount foam glass blocks to ensure reliable thermal insulation of buildings. Eco-friendly insulation for a frame house it will last up to 100 years, while the warranty period is at least 50 years. Detailed prices can be found by downloading the price list on the official website.

Real examples of half-timbered buildings that were built hundreds of years ago and continue to be used inspire the construction of frame houses. used to be a problem insulation was solved using natural materials such as clay, straw and sawdust. Today, the market is overflowing with offers. What insulation to choose for a modern frame house?

Offers from the past for homes in the present

Who said, that natural materials for insulation - is it a relic of the past? The slight popularity of the use of straw, shavings or sawdust is caused, first of all, by the high labor intensity of the insulation process. The assertion that natural components have a short service life is far-fetched. Remember all the same half-timbered houses- they were insulated exclusively with natural materials.

Yes, and several decades ago, when there was a shortage of everything on the market, a mixture of clay with straw or sawdust was used in almost every construction - at least the floor and ceiling were insulated with this mixture. Many houses, household and industrial premises of that time were built from adobe (lampach, clay block, valek, raw) - brick from unbaked clay mixed with straw, floor or sawdust. If such a brick is reliably protected from the outside from the effects of external weather factors, you will get strong, warm and very durable walls.

Natural materials are not used today mainly due to the laborious process of warming, as well as the need to increase the thickness of the frame. If the thickness of the “pie” of insulation when using modern materials is, depending on the climate, 12–20 cm, then in the case of natural heat insulators, this parameter will need to be doubled.

However, the costs for additional bars much less than the cost of thin types of insulation. Sawdust, straw or chaff - the materials are practically free, except that you have to spend money on shipping. So if you are not afraid of work, are ready to spend a lot of time and strive to save money - natural materials will suit you perfectly!

Classics of the genre - what do builders like?

Under the onslaught of market offers, natural materials faded into the background. Builders can be understood - buying modern materials, they get a high speed of work, long term operation and reliability of the "pie" of the frame. In the list of the most popular heaters, two are invariably in the lead: mineral wool and polystyrene foam. Already long years there is debate about which is better, but each has advantages and disadvantages.

An important note - for the insulation of frame houses, mineral wool should be used only in slabs that better retain the given shape in the frame cake. Roll materials excluded - in this case it is very difficult to work with them, besides, they shrink. Be sure to protect the insulation from condensation and moisture from the outside.

Insulation of a frame house with polyurethane foam is surrounded by a huge number of myths and unverified facts. For example, many "experts" claim that the foam emits harmful substances into the air, that it is combustible and rodents love it. In fact, this material is absolutely safe for our health, if only because it is 98% air. Its flammability is two times lower than that of wood, moreover, in the absence of a third-party source of fire, the material fades. However, manufacturers produce special grades of foam, which contains flame retardants - substances that prevent combustion.

Rodents with equal success can start up in the "pie" of the frame with both foam plastic and cotton wool. Styrofoam itself is of no interest to rodents. But if the house is rarely cleaned and does not take out the garbage, then the rodents will probably be interested in the contents of the garbage bags. At a price, foam plastic is almost the same as mineral-cotton materials.

However, compared to them, the foam does not shrink inside the "pie" and does not get wet even after prolonged exposure to moisture. You can work with it without any special skills and a minimum of tools - a hacksaw with a fine tooth or a regular one. construction knife. Thanks, plaster can be applied directly to the foam from the outside.

New and trendy - modern proposals

Ecowool, polyurethane foam and foam glass are among the latest offers on the building materials market. Manufacturers are trying to surprise consumers if not low prices(sometimes - on the contrary!), then the special properties of materials. So, the main horse of ecowool is an environmentally friendly base made of cellulose. The material is hypoallergenic, although both polystyrene foam and mineral wool boast the same quality.

The cost of ecowool is low, but the method of applying cellulose is much more laborious. There are two ways of warming - dry and wet. In the first case, ecowool is rammed into the walls, in the second case, it is sprayed wet between the frames. The second method is better - the coating forms a monolithic layer, which excludes cold bridges. The material practically does not shrink, but is afraid of moisture, therefore, it needs good vapor and waterproofing.

Polyurethane foam is well known to all builders mounting foam, however, in this case, a two-component composition is used.

Immediately before spraying, the components are mixed and applied to the wall between the beams. The material after polymerization creates a monolithic layer, which has high sound and heat insulation qualities and great durability. The spraying process is very convenient and takes place in a matter of hours, however, the cost of this method of insulation remains quite high. In addition, the material outside should be protected from sunlight.

Foam glass, perhaps, is just beginning to spread on the market thermal insulation materials. In fact, this is glass foamed during the melting process, which is produced in the form of blocks. This material does not shrink, is absolutely safe for health, has high quality thermal insulation and does not lag behind others in terms of sound insulation and vapor tightness. Foam glass is a fireproof insulation. Its only drawback is its high cost.

We follow technology - how to properly insulate a frame house?

The technology of warming a frame house is quite simple, the main thing is to follow the sequence of actions.

Various building materials have varying degrees prevalence and popularity. Many names remain unknown to a wide audience due to their specialized purpose, but this does not mean that they are not suitable for private construction.

One of these materials is foam glass, which has unique properties and technical specifications, which we will introduce you to in this article.

Construction of cottages by InnovaStroy is carried out using modern and high-tech materials. Some of them are offered to customers as an alternative existing products as products capable of providing maximum performance your house. For foam glass, the most important property is perfect thermal insulation and protecting the walls of the house from moisture. Thanks to their unique features material is used in energy and heavy industry. But it is not difficult to apply it to private construction, especially since the cost of the goods allows you to significantly save on purchases.

Foam glass - what is it?

From the name of the building material, it is not difficult to guess that it is a foamed glass, produced in several forms: blocks and granules. Production is based on heat treatment remnants of the glass industry and processing of secondary raw materials. The principle of creation is not much different from the creation of ordinary glass, but only in terms of the use of high temperatures. Each type building material is produced according to a special technology, the observance of which provides the product with the original specifications:

Blocks and molded products. This type is created from glass particles that are melted at a temperature of 1000 degrees and foamed using the gas emitted by coal. Inside the liquid mass, voids are formed, filled with a gaseous mixture with a pressure less than 1 atmosphere. After the completion of the thermal cycle, the hot foam glass is placed in molds and slowly cools down. It is the process of natural cooling and solidification that ensures the strength of the products and keeps the internal voids sealed;
Granulated foam glass. The principle of creation is very similar to the previous one, only the temperature reaches only 800 degrees Celsius. Crushed glass withstands the melting process with the obligatory addition of soda, limestone, quartz sand and sodium sulfate. Due to the release of combustion products, the mass foams and granules are formed with internal voids and a strong outer surface.

It should be noted that the final technical specifications foamed glass do not differ in any way in the two varieties described. Indicator of strength, thermal conductivity and insulation characteristics completely identical. The difference in the type of building material is related to the areas of application - where it is impossible to use molded products and blocks, bulk granules are suitable.

Foam glass - application in construction

At first this species building material was used only for industrial purposes. Due to its environmental properties and fire safety foam glass was used for the construction high-rise buildings, factories, main pipelines, nuclear power plants. Gradually, it began to be used for the construction of other large objects, as well as private buildings. Be sure to remember that the material costs more than the popular polystyrene foam or mineral wool, but in the long term, these costs fully pay off, since the service life of foam glass is calculated for centuries. Unfortunately, there is no confirmation of this fact, since only about 50-60 years have passed since its invention. However, already built buildings show that even with a very intense external impact, the material does not change its characteristics and does not require replacement or restoration. So far, all buildings with foam glass blocks have shown themselves with better side and confirm the intermediate requirements for this type of material.

If we talk about private construction, then the service life of foam glass in cottages and country houses even more, since it is not exposed to aggressive influences from the outside. In the catalog of our company you can find ready-made projects of country houses, in which the usual layers of insulation can be replaced with foam glass. Just a few recalculation operations will significantly increase protective properties walls and even reduce their thickness or configuration. Be sure to consult with our architect in order to comprehensively evaluate the foam glass, its use in construction, and exterior finish options.

Foam glass house - how is it used?

Below we will describe all the advantages and disadvantages of this type building material, and now we will talk about its use. Foam glass blocks are the most common in private construction due to their ease of use and various overall dimensions. The main scope of application is the cladding of the building and its insulation.

Remember that blocks have all the qualities of glass in terms of brittleness and resistance to vertical pressure. That is, it is impossible to build from foam glass blocks bearing walls, those who will perceive different pressure. When creating foam glass walls, the principle of laying a supporting frame from monolithic concrete, and the constructed surfaces perform only enclosing functions. This method of building a cottage is possible, but almost never used due to the complexity of construction and rather serious problems. financial costs. It is much easier to sheathe brick or aerated concrete walls in one layer and cover it with plaster - and there are more benefits, and the costs are not so colossal.

Foam glass blocks are used as a heater in all possible variations. With their help, you can provide ideal sound and heat insulation of rooms:

Sheathing of external walls and foundations, ground floor;
Stacking blocks on flat roof and insulation of the attic;
Floor insulation with foam glass installation on top concrete foundation or overlap;
Insulation of any part of the building from the inside, especially technical rooms for boiler rooms and other specialized purposes.

Foam glass house: pros and cons

Like any other type of building material, foam glass blocks and granules have their own positive and negative sides. In most cases, the unique technical characteristics completely level out the shortcomings of the material, but we cannot remain silent about them.

Positive qualities of foam glass

Lack of response to temperature changes. Since the material is manufactured under very high temperatures, then under normal conditions any climate zone it cannot be seriously affected. The ability to withstand cold is reflected in the same way - glass simply does not react to it in any way;
Unchanging dimensions. The internal structure of voids and glass cells does not allow the material to change its shape under any external influences. Also, over time, the properties of thermal insulation and strength of products do not change in any way, which makes the material close in durability to concrete and brick;
The surface of foam glass is not subject to erosion and oxidation;
Saving the form - additional advantage when installing a heat insulator;
Completely immune to fungus or mold growth. Due to the absence of organic components in the composition, it is an ideal protection against harmful spores and bacteria;
The material withstands any chemical influences, even those that, in principle, are domestic use cannot appear;
Like ordinary glass, foam glass blocks are completely insensitive to moisture and can serve as an additional waterproofing of the structure;
Sanitary safety. Due to the presence of cells and voids with gas, the material "breathes" and perfectly removes excess moisture and condensate from its structure, which is extremely important for maintaining a normal and safe microclimate in the home;
Absolute incombustibility. This refers to the usual situation with a fire. Even if it is possible to reach the melting point of foam glass, which is very unlikely, it will simply drain from the walls to the floor. The material does not contribute to the spread of fire;
Noise isolation properties. Due to the same voids and cells in the structure, the material has a very high rates for soundproofing rooms.

Negative features of foam glass

Sufficiently high manufacturing cost and complexity of the process. As a result, tangible costs in the purchase of materials;
Low rates of steam conductivity. Under the material you need to lay a layer of vapor barrier;
The need for precise and scrupulous adherence to the installation technology and methods of working with foam glass. Any violations and liberties can lead to cracking of the material;
Sufficiently low indicators for the susceptibility of loads to compression, pressure, torsion. When walls or foundations shrink, the material may crack;
Immunity to impact loads - after all, this is glass, albeit foamed. Even careless actions metal tools can lead to block cracking. Subsequent gluing it with cement or glue will not return the original characteristics in terms of strength and thermal protection;
Quite an impressive weight, because glass always has a fairly high mass. Foam, of course, facilitates products, but not very much - therefore, you need to remember the additional weight of the building material when designing a cottage.

How to order a foam glass house in InnovaStroy?

First you need to determine together with the architect what differences the cottage will have using foam glass blocks. In elite construction, such material is quite in demand and popular, as it provides a residence unique characteristics protection of premises, walls and roofs. Individual design of houses InnovaStroy specialists are carried out on the basis of terms of reference from the builder. If you decide to use foam glass, then this must be indicated in your design project. With the help of modern computer programs our architects will be able to create objects of any complexity and apply foam glass insulation. Despite the rectangular building blocks of material, even rounded walls can be realized by our craftsmen.

At the moment is universal insulation for a private house. It is used in all types of buildings to insulate walls, floors, interior partitions etc.

The material has a porous structure, which is especially clearly seen when examining the section of the block. Each vial of the block is sealed, they are all fastened together and form a single whole.

Specifications

All heaters are characterized by their individual parameters, including foam glass, the disadvantages and advantages of each material are taken into account when choosing. Cells of foam glass are filled with air, this material has a second name - gas glass.

Foam glass can withstand without deformation both very high (200-400 degrees) and low temperatures, it is resistant to mechanical influences and moisture penetration. Therefore, the material is widely used for other construction projects.

Warming properties are characterized by the following parameters:

density (the material is produced with density values of 200, 300 and 400 kg / m 3);
grades of different densities correspond to thermal conductivity characteristics of 0.09, 0.12 and 0.14.

The denser the material, the more easily it conducts heat. Accordingly, the best thermal insulation properties has a brand of foam glass with a minimum density.

Advantages of foam glass

There are a number positive properties, which foam glass possesses, there are also disadvantages, there are significantly fewer of them.

The advantages of the material include:

Long service life. The service life of the material is at least one hundred years. During this entire period, the material does not lose its properties. Foam glass is resistant to microorganisms and mold, does not change under the influence of high humidity.
Security and . The use of foam glass as a heater is not harmful to health, so the material is widely used in the construction of children's and hospitals.
Good ones soundproofing properties. The material provides a reliable level of isolation from external noise, it is comfortable to be in such a room.
. Foam glass does not support combustion, is not prone to ignition. In addition, even if a flame rages around, the material does not ignite and does not emit toxic substances under the influence of high temperatures.
Good level of durability. Foam glass is a material resistant to moderate influences, therefore, during installation, a share of the load is partially distributed on it.
Foam glass is very lightweight material. You can build a house insulated with it, on virtually any foundation, on MZFL, on a slab, or even use such reinforced concrete columns.

Material disadvantages

Above, the advantages that foam glass has were considered, the disadvantages must also be taken into account when choosing a heater. The thing is that the presence of advantages is important, but not always the decisive factor in construction work. At the same time, only one significant drawback is able to dismiss the idea of considering the material.

The disadvantages of foam glass include:

Big mass. Blocks consisting of foam glass are a heavy element. When using them, it is necessary to take into account the load that will be distributed on bearing structures private house. If the object does not provide for additional weighting, it is safer to give preference to another insulation.
Little impact strength. In the case of impact on foam glass, imperfections can affect the change in the porosity of the material. In this case, part of the cells may be deformed, while the insulating properties decrease. In addition, the damaged block becomes permeable to moisture.
High cost. Foam glass is a rather expensive material. This is due to the difficulties of the process of its production. Manufacturing requires special conditions and availability modern equipment. In turn, this affects the final cost of the product.
Excessive durability. Surprisingly, this criterion can also be attributed to the shortcomings in the construction of a private house. The thing is that the structure itself can become unusable much earlier than such a heater. In this case, the high cost of installing foam glass is unjustified, with overhaul it will need to be dismantled.

Application area

Foam glass is used for soundproofing and insulation of commercial and industrial premises, various residential buildings, including private houses (in this case, the service life of the building itself must be taken into account). The material is universal, it can be insulated with almost any structure of an object (walls, roof, foundation, etc.).