Foam glass in frame construction. Frame walls with granular foam glass. Sawdust as filling insulation for frame walls

Foam glass has a porous structure and consists of 80-90% of air bubbles, which are obtained after adding a special gas-forming substance to the glass mass, heated to high temperature. It uses as raw material rocks, sodium sulfate, quartz or broken glass. In its final form, the insulation can be slabs, granules or shaped products black or cream color, which is determined by the components that make up the material.

Foam glass has a low weight, its density reaches 120-200 kg / m 3. The compressive strength of the material is quite high and is 0.5-1.2 MPa. In addition, the insulation has good sound-absorbing properties and has a corresponding indicator of 50 dB with a sample thickness of 100 mm.

The temperature range of using the material is quite wide - from +500 to -200 degrees. When heated, foam glass does not emit toxic fumes into the air. Its inertness towards alkalis, acids and other aggressive substances is at a very high level. When interacting with them, the material is not destroyed or deformed.

Foam glass slabs are often used to insulate the building envelope of houses, having the following dimensions: length - 200, 250, 400 and 475 mm, width - 125, 200, 250 and 400 mm, thickness - 80, 100, 120 mm. Their installation is carried out using glue, mechanical fasteners, special mastics or cement mortar. The mounting method depends on the type of base - it can be wood, metal or concrete.

The main criterion for choosing the thickness of foam glass is the material base surface. So, for insulation of external stone walls use plates having a thickness of 120 mm. For warming internal walls and partitions of foam glass products with a thickness of 60 mm will be enough. For structures made of expanded clay concrete blocks or wood, a material with a thickness of 80-100 mm is suitable as a heater.

The thickness of the layer of granular material, for underfloor heating systems, floors and foundations, is calculated based on the seasonal temperature of the region of residence. When filling, foam glass granules fill all cavities of insulated structures and provide their insulation.

Advantages and disadvantages of foam glass

Warming the house with foam glass has very tangible advantages:

In addition to the excellent physical and technical parameters of the material, its absolute environmental safety can be noted. For this reason, foam glass is widely used for insulating buildings that have increased requirements for compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards.
When insulated with foam glass, cold bridges do not form in the coating, the appearance of which is often associated with shrinkage or swelling of the insulator. This is facilitated by the texture of the material, created from numerous glass cells, which, without deformation, perfectly withstand temperature changes and operational loads.
Foam glass is very easy to process by cutting or drilling. This significantly reduces the installation time.
Thanks to sustainability insulating coating to the impact chemical substances and rotting, its service life can be at least 100 years.
At harmonious combination with various base surfaces, foam glass perfectly holds many finishing compositions.

As for the disadvantages of this type of insulation, there are few of them. One of them can be called the high cost of insulation, associated with the complexity of the process of manufacturing piece products, especially shaped parts. Others - poor resistance to shock loads, but this is not critical, since the insulation, which usually serves as an intermediate layer, is not subjected to such influences.

The unique properties of foam glass and its excellent characteristics have made this material in demand in many areas of construction. In civilian buildings, they are insulated from the cold engineering communications, it is used during installation warm floors, insulation of roofs, walls, foundations and basements.

Granulated foam glass is used in the construction of swimming pools, playgrounds, ice arenas and other facilities with special operating requirements. Bulk material is also relevant for use in underground structures, they are insulated with buried tanks, thus protecting the contents from freezing.

Due to the resistance of foam glass to precipitation it is often used in cottage construction for greenhouses and greenhouses, landforming plots, devices drainage systems and footpaths.

Rules for thermal insulation of the house with foam glass

Foam glass insulation can be carried out in various premises, but the methods of its fastening remain the same for all base surfaces and take into account certain rules:

If the insulation is fixed using a special adhesive, it should be applied to both mating surfaces - foam glass and base.
When pasted with insulator uneven surface, having small chips, cavities or cracks, it is desirable to apply the working mixture with blotches. Although this increases its consumption, it guarantees a reliable and durable fastening of the insulation.
When insulating a base made of wood, it is advisable to fasten the foam glass with special dowels. This is due to the fact that with fluctuations in temperature, lumber is able to change shape and size, so the plates, rigidly fixed to the glue, can deform during the operation of the coating and cease to correspond to their main purpose.
Before insulating the facade or other external walls with foam glass, at the level of the basement of the building, special support profiles are installed around its perimeter, allowing you to perfectly align the first row of plates and thereby ensure correct styling other elements of the cover. They are removed only after the complete polymerization of the glue under the products of the lower row.
Foam glass plates are always installed on the walls from the bottom up, the same applies to inclined surfaces.
All elements of the foam glass coating should be laid tightly to each other, and each overlying row should be located with some offset relative to the lower row to ensure seam dressing and strength of the insulating layer.
With the combined fastening of foam glass with glue and dowels, it is recommended to install the latter after gluing and drying the composition.
In the locations of openings and other similar structural elements, only solid foam glass slabs should be mounted.

Foam glass installation technologies

Given the rules for fixing foam glass, you can easily and effectively insulate any house structure. The properties of this material make it possible to abandon the use of traditional moisture windproof membranes.

Consider the most common foam glass installation technologies as a heater for various building elements:

Wall insulation for heavy cladding. In this case, foam glass plates must be glued to the concrete or brick surface in accordance with the rules described above. After that, you need to perform additional fixation of the material with dowels of 4-5 pieces per plate. Then you should install metallic profile under the stone cladding and perform its installation.
Wall insulation under plaster. Here, on the brickwork or the surface of the wall made of aerated concrete blocks, foam glass plates must be glued. They should be covered from above. reinforcing mesh overlap 10 cm and fix it with dowels-umbrellas. After that, you can apply on the wall plaster mortar layer up to 30 mm.
Wall insulation with brick cladding. In this case, the base brick surface should be pasted over with foam glass plates. Flexible connections are easier to install after installing the insulation. After that you need to execute outdoor masonry facing brick. Instead of slabs, granulated foam glass can be used, pouring it between the base wall and the cladding as it is installed. The distance between two masonry must be at least 250 mm.
Wall insulation under a metal profiled sheet. To do this, the base surface should be pasted over with foam glass, and on top of it, make a crate from a profile or wooden slats. Fasteners must be selected, given the type of wall material. Profiled sheets are attached to the crate along the insulation from the bottom up and overlap.
Partition insulation. It is practically no different from the external insulation of walls with foam glass. In this case, the insulation is also covered with a plaster layer. Under drywall sheets need to install aluminum profiles.
Roof insulation under waterproofing roll material. In this case concrete slab floors should be treated with bitumen-polymer liquid composition, then glue or hot glue must be applied to the foam glass blocks of insulation bituminous mastic, and then fix them with gentle pressure on the base surface. After that, the finished coating must be treated with heated bitumen and, using a burner, waterproofing and rolled roofing material must be melted onto it.
Insulation of the roof of the house under sheeting. Foam glass blocks in this case should be mounted adhesive method on the concrete floor. Then the insulation must be treated with a bitumen-polymer composition, fuse rolled insulating material on it and make a crate on it for mounting one or another sheet covering on it.
Warming wooden roof . Prior to its implementation, the rafters must be covered with a continuous flooring of boards, and a layer of waterproofing on a bitumen basis should be laid on top of it. After that, foam glass thermal insulation should be made and covered with a water-proof film. After that, you can lay any roofing material.
Floor insulation. On top of the base, you need to tightly lay the foam glass plates, then cover them with two layers polyethylene film and pour the whole structure cement-sand mortar. After its setting, the floor will be ready for finishing with parquet, linoleum and other materials.

How to insulate a house with foam glass - look at the video:

How to choose a heater for frame house? And is it necessary to carry out thermal insulation work? After all, the materials used to build frame houses, provide high level thermal insulation?

In sandwich panels, with their undoubted advantages, thermal insulation characteristics are suitable only for regions with a mild climate. Such panels have a small thickness and do not ensure the tightness of the structure. Only in harsh winters right choice insulation for a frame house allows you to solve this problem.

Features of warming a frame house

For thermal insulation works frame houses use the same materials as for foam block cottages. The difference lies in the thickness of the insulation and some of the nuances of the work. The chosen technology also matters - it will be external or internal wall insulation.

Materials acceptable for thermal insulation work include:

Mineral wool (this is a common insulation in private construction).
Styrofoam.
Corresponding to high environmental requirements cellulose or eco-wool.
Sprayed heaters. In this case, polyurethane foam is used as a heat-insulating material. According to the method of application, such thermal insulation resembles mounting foam. So far, this method is rarely used due to the conservatism of the industry and the lack of the right amount professionals who could apply and distribute it.
Natural insulation: straw, peat, sawdust. But these materials are rarely used due to impracticality. Such thermal insulation is attractive to rodents and pests, fungi and mold grow in it without additional processing, so this option is chosen by people for whom indicators environmental safety more important than other performance characteristics.

What are the requirements for insulating material? This is ecological cleanliness, so as not to harm human health and environment. The insulation must be resistant to ignition and moisture accumulation, to mechanical influences and temperature fluctuations. Strength and durability are also valued.

Each owner wishes that insulation work does not become a problem over time. Therefore, it is so important to choose a reliable option from the outset.

What is best thickness insulation in frame house? The answer to this question depends on several factors at once: this is the type of insulation, design features of the frame house and climate zone in which it is located. The thickness of the insulation should fulfill its purpose - to reduce heating costs and make housing comfortable, regardless of the time of year and weather conditions.

The multi-layer wall, which comes out as a result of thermal insulation work, has a thickness of up to 40 cm. This corresponds to 50 cm of brickwork with the average characteristics of the materials used. Optimal Thickness layer of mineral wool is 50 mm. But the thickness of the heat-insulating layer of 200 mm is also allowed. So, without sacrificing free space and at no additional cost, you can erect a building and insulate it.

Whatever material the developer chooses, when insulating walls, it is recommended to lay thermal insulation between the frame racks. Another thing is the insulation of an already built frame house. Then the owner is left with internal thermal insulation. External insulation it is more expensive due to the need to use battens, fixing material, and decorative trim. Therefore, this method is rarely used when the developer originally planned to install a ventilated facade.

Because of these nuances, preselection the right insulation becomes important for the further operation of the erected house. Additional internal insulation entail financial expenses and reduce living space premises.

With external insulation, they are attracted Additional materials. Waterproofing is carried out: painting or pasting. At paint waterproofing you will need materials like bitumen. When pasting - fiberglass, hydroisol, and other similar materials.

When carrying out thermal insulation work, builders use vapor barrier film. It is fixed inside the building on the walls and racks with the help of construction stapler. Foamed foil polyethylene is used for vapor barrier. This material has such a small thickness that it does not affect the thickness of the load-bearing walls.

If the house is not insulated mineral wool, and with foam, then, in addition to the materials listed above, you will also need mounting foam, which closes the gaps between the plates to eliminate cold bridges.

Styrofoam

Expanded polystyrene is the name of a whole group of materials. It includes expanded polystyrene foam (styrofoam), as well as extruded polystyrene. Both are made from polystyrene. Only in the first case, it is foamed, and in the second, the material is obtained by extrusion from an extruder.

Extruded polystyrene foam for insulating the walls of frame houses is used infrequently, since it has insufficiently high adhesion to adhesive compositions, and the surface of the panels is smooth and without having to be further processed to install this thermal insulation material. Most often, sheets of plywood are installed on top of the panels, and a special composition is used for fastening - glue-foam.

Expanded polystyrene foam is used more often. But it needs additional waterproofing, especially when it comes to insulation. ground floor or foundation, since prolonged contact with moisture destroys it.

Mineral wool and its properties

A popular insulation for the walls of a frame house is mineral wool. The material is made from a thin fiber of mineral origin and looks like cotton wool.

Mineral wool has varieties - stone wool and glass wool.

Stone wool is made from basalt rock. It is brownish or in gray. There are technologies that can improve it performance characteristics: improve soundproofing qualities, strength indicators. Mineral wool, made in the form of plates, is characterized by high rigidity. It does not shrink, and its structure remains unchanged for many years.

Glass wool is made from other raw materials, based on soda, limestone, waste from glass production. It is of a light shade, even white glass wool is found. The material has high performance environmental safety, durable and elastic, resistant to vibrations (ensures that glass wool does not shrink during vibration). Glass wool is thinner than stone wool, and with similar thermal insulation characteristics, its use allows to reduce the thickness and weight of the structure, the load on the foundation.

Eco-wool and its properties

Eco-wool is a modern insulating material. It has high heat and sound insulation properties and prevents the formation of condensate on the walls, that is, reduces the risk of destruction wall material due to decay or mold. Eco-wool is often called cellulose because this material is of natural origin.

Eco-wool is inexpensive, but durable. It looks like loose flakes with a small weight. This material is made from recycled cellulose, which is treated with antiseptics and flame retardants from pests and fire. Because of this, pests do not start in eco-wool.

Cellulose is a frost-resistant material, it is chemically passive, therefore it does not cause metal corrosion, it is used even in houses based on a steel alloy frame.

The insulation is blown into the structure or sprayed onto the surface of the wall under high pressure using special equipment. The structure of eco-wool allows it to penetrate into small cracks and hard-to-reach elements frame structure which eliminates the formation of cold bridges. Usually, eco-wool is used for wall insulation, but it is also suitable for thermal insulation of roofs or ceilings.

So far this method has not been found wide application due to the need for special equipment and the lack of trained builders who would perform this species insulation. But in the future, many developers will give preference to it.

Foam glass and its properties

Another one new variety thermal insulation - foam glass. This material for chemical composition no different from glass. difference in structure. Foam glass consists of cells that provide high thermal insulation properties, strength and low water absorption.

Foam glass remains permeable to air and steam, does not shrink and is used in a wide range of applications. temperature range. The material is expensive, but it saves on additional steam and waterproofing work.

The advantage of foam glass is its resistance to aggressive influences. external environment, including mechanical loads, action chemical compounds etc. Foam glass is easy to process and install, which makes it a valuable insulating material. It is not attacked by pests and rodents.

There are two types of foam glass insulation - block and foam crumb. Blocks are used for foundations, sometimes for exterior walls. By thermal insulation characteristics block with a thickness of 120 mm corresponds to brickwork up to 950 mm. Foam glass is more often used for rooms and structures that require strict adherence to temperature regime- for a bath or sauna. This is due to its high cost, so this insulation is chosen only when necessary.

Organic materials for frame house insulation

Organic materials for home insulation are cheaper than synthetic counterparts. A popular option is cheap wood shavings. But if you fall asleep between the plates, then it will sag, gradually forming voids, and it will become cold in the house. Sawdust attracts rodents and pests. Therefore, they are mixed with clay or cement, gypsum or lime, adding water, blue vitriol or boric acid to prevent pests.

It is not necessary to add wall cement - this ingredient is used for a mixture intended for thermal insulation of the ceiling. Gypsum and lime are needed to increase the viscosity of the mixture and increase its fire-fighting characteristics.

If you count total costs for the preparation of such a mixture and its application (and this is done very quickly, until the solution has frozen), then the savings will not be so significant. And in terms of thermal insulation characteristics, strength and durability, organic material is significantly inferior to traditional synthetic options.

Real examples of half-timbered buildings that were built hundreds of years ago and continue to be used inspire the construction of frame houses. used to be a problem insulation was solved using natural materials such as clay, straw and sawdust. Today, the market is overflowing with offers. What insulation to choose for a modern frame house?

Offers from the past for homes in the present

Who said, that natural materials for insulation - is it a relic of the past? The slight popularity of the use of straw, shavings or sawdust is caused, first of all, by the high labor intensity of the insulation process. The assertion that natural components have a short service life is far-fetched. Remember all the same half-timbered houses- they were insulated exclusively with natural materials.

Yes, and several decades ago, when there was a shortage of everything on the market, a mixture of clay with straw or sawdust was used in almost every construction - at least the floor and ceiling were insulated with this mixture. Many houses, household and industrial premises of that time were built from adobe (lampach, clay block, valek, raw) - brick from unbaked clay mixed with straw, floor or sawdust. If such a brick is reliably protected from the outside from the effects of external weather factors, you will get strong, warm and very durable walls.

Natural materials are not used today mainly due to the laborious process of warming, as well as the need to increase the thickness of the frame. If the thickness of the “pie” of insulation when using modern materials is, depending on the climate, 12–20 cm, then in the case of natural heat insulators, this parameter will need to be doubled.

However, the costs for additional bars much less than the cost of thin types of insulation. Sawdust, straw or chaff - the materials are practically free, except that you have to spend money on shipping. So if you are not afraid of work, are ready to spend a lot of time and strive to save money - natural materials will suit you perfectly!

Classics of the genre - what do builders like?

Under the onslaught of market offers, natural materials faded into the background. Builders can be understood - buying modern materials, they get a high speed of work, long term operation and reliability of the "pie" of the frame. In the list of the most popular heaters, two are invariably in the lead: mineral wool and polystyrene foam. Already long years there is debate about which is better, but each has advantages and disadvantages.

An important note - for the insulation of frame houses, mineral wool should be used only in slabs that better retain the given shape in the frame cake. Roll materials excluded - in this case it is very difficult to work with them, besides, they shrink. Be sure to protect the insulation from condensation and moisture from the outside.

Insulation of a frame house with polyurethane foam is surrounded by a huge number of myths and unverified facts. For example, many "experts" claim that the foam emits harmful substances into the air, that it is combustible and rodents love it. In fact, this material is absolutely safe for our health, if only because it is 98% air. Its flammability is two times lower than that of wood, moreover, in the absence of a third-party source of fire, the material fades. However, manufacturers produce special grades of foam, which contains flame retardants - substances that prevent combustion.

Rodents with equal success can start up in the "pie" of the frame with both foam plastic and cotton wool. Styrofoam itself is of no interest to rodents. But if the house is rarely cleaned and not taken out the garbage, then the rodents will probably be interested in the contents of the garbage bags. At a price, foam plastic is almost the same as mineral-cotton materials.

However, compared to them, the foam does not shrink inside the "pie" and does not get wet even after prolonged exposure to moisture. You can work with it without any special skills and a minimum of tools - a hacksaw with a fine tooth or a regular one. construction knife. Thanks, plaster can be applied directly to the foam from the outside.

New and trendy - modern proposals

Ecowool, polyurethane foam and foam glass are among the latest offers on the building materials market. Manufacturers are trying to surprise consumers if not low prices(sometimes - on the contrary!), then the special properties of materials. So, the main horse of ecowool is an environmentally friendly base made of cellulose. The material is hypoallergenic, although both polystyrene foam and mineral wool boast the same quality.

The cost of ecowool is low, but the method of applying cellulose is much more laborious. There are two ways of warming - dry and wet. In the first case, ecowool is rammed into the walls, in the second case, it is sprayed wet between the frames. The second method is better - the coating forms a monolithic layer, which excludes cold bridges. The material practically does not shrink, but is afraid of moisture, therefore, it needs good vapor and waterproofing.

Polyurethane foam is well known to all builders mounting foam, however, in this case, a two-component composition is used.

Immediately before spraying, the components are mixed and applied to the wall between the beams. The material after polymerization creates a monolithic layer, which has high sound and heat insulation qualities and great durability. The spraying process is very convenient and takes place in a matter of hours, however, the cost of this method of insulation remains quite high. In addition, the material outside should be protected from sunlight.

Foam glass, perhaps, is just beginning to spread on the market of thermal insulation materials. In fact, this is glass foamed during the melting process, which is produced in the form of blocks. This material does not shrink, is absolutely safe for health, has high quality thermal insulation and does not lag behind others in terms of sound insulation and vapor tightness. Foam glass is a fireproof insulation. Its only drawback is its high cost.

We follow technology - how to properly insulate a frame house?

The technology of warming a frame house is quite simple, the main thing is to follow the sequence of actions.

At the moment is universal insulation for a private house. It is used in all types of buildings to insulate walls, floors, interior partitions etc.

The material has a porous structure, which is especially clearly seen when examining the section of the block. Each vial of the block is sealed, they are all fastened together and form a single whole.

Specifications

All heaters are characterized by their individual parameters, including foam glass, the disadvantages and advantages of each material are taken into account when choosing. Cells of foam glass are filled with air, this material has a second name - gas glass.

Foam glass can withstand without deformation both very high (200-400 degrees) and low temperatures, it is resistant to mechanical stress and moisture penetration. Therefore, the material is widely used for other construction projects.

Warming properties are characterized by the following parameters:

density (the material is produced with density values of 200, 300 and 400 kg / m 3);
grades of different densities correspond to thermal conductivity characteristics of 0.09, 0.12 and 0.14.

The denser the material, the more easily it conducts heat. Accordingly, the best thermal insulation properties has a brand of foam glass with a minimum density.

Advantages of foam glass

There are a number positive properties, which foam glass possesses, there are also disadvantages, there are significantly fewer of them.

The advantages of the material include:

Long service life. The service life of the material is at least one hundred years. During this entire period, the material does not lose its properties. Foam glass is resistant to microorganisms and mold, does not change under the influence of high humidity.
Security and . The use of foam glass as a heater is not harmful to health, so the material is widely used in the construction of children's and hospitals.
Good ones soundproofing properties. The material provides a reliable level of isolation from external noise, it is comfortable to be in such a room.
. Foam glass does not support combustion, is not prone to ignition. In addition, even if a flame rages around, the material does not ignite and does not emit toxic substances under the influence of high temperatures.
Good level of durability. Foam glass is a material resistant to moderate influences, therefore, during installation, a share of the load is partially distributed on it.
Foam glass is very lightweight material. You can build a house insulated with it, on virtually any foundation, on MZFL, on a slab, or even use such reinforced concrete columns.

Material disadvantages

Above, the advantages that foam glass has were considered, the disadvantages must also be taken into account when choosing a heater. The thing is that the presence of advantages is important, but not always the decisive factor in construction work. At the same time, only one significant drawback is able to dismiss the idea of considering the material.

The disadvantages of foam glass include:

Big mass. Blocks consisting of foam glass are a heavy element. When using them, it is necessary to take into account the load that will be distributed on bearing structures private house. If the object does not provide for additional weighting, it is safer to give preference to another insulation.
Little impact strength. In the case of impact on foam glass, imperfections can affect the change in the porosity of the material. In this case, part of the cells may be deformed, while the insulating properties decrease. In addition, the damaged block becomes permeable to moisture.
High cost. Foam glass is a rather expensive material. This is due to the difficulties of the process of its production. Manufacturing requires special conditions and availability modern equipment. In turn, this affects the final cost of the product.
Excessive durability. Surprisingly, this criterion can also be attributed to the shortcomings in the construction of a private house. The thing is that the structure itself can become unusable much earlier than such a heater. In this case, the high cost of installing foam glass is unjustified, with overhaul it will need to be dismantled.

Application area

Foam glass is used for soundproofing and insulation of commercial and industrial premises, various residential buildings, including private houses (in this case, the service life of the building itself must be taken into account). The material is universal, it can be insulated with almost any structure of an object (walls, roof, foundation, etc.).

The Ecostroy-City company offers an innovative insulation for a frame house - foam glass. This material is far ahead of mineral wool, polyurethane foam and other means of heat saving, environmental friendliness and durability.

Usually the warming process standard materials happens like this:

First of all, parchment is used. It is needed to provide a waterproofing layer.
Then a foil-based insulation is laid to create a vapor barrier layer.
Followed by thermal insulation material: mineral wool, styrofoam, polyurethane.
high quality edged board. Required condition– humidity index maximum 15%.
The optimal section of the board is 25x150 millimeters.

If you use foam glass, then you can do without foil insulation. It perfectly copes with heat-insulating tasks, besides it does not let steam and moisture pass through itself. Blocks of foam glass are placed between the racks of the frame. Installation of the material can be done independently, if you already have experience in building houses.

Features of the use of insulation

Usually, the material for thermal insulation occupies about 80% of all walls of a frame house. At the same time, the insulation does not generate heat, it is an obstacle to the penetration of cold and moisture into the room. On the other hand, the layer keeps in the house desired temperature obtained through heating devices. In summer, everything happens the other way around: the coolness lingers in the rooms, and the heat remains on the street.

Foam glass not only copes with the above functions 100%, but also demonstrates soundproofing qualities. All unnecessary noise and extraneous sounds will be concentrated beyond the threshold.

Another important quality of foam glass is incombustibility. Which significantly increases the popularity of this insulation in comparison with mineral wool and polystyrene. In the event of a fire, there is no instantaneous smoke and emission a large number carbon dioxide.

In our company you can buy required amount foam glass blocks to ensure reliable thermal insulation of buildings. Eco-friendly insulation for a frame house will last up to 100 years, while the warranty period is at least 50 years. Detailed prices can be found by downloading the price list on the official website.