2.430-20.3 01 Unit 1. Longitudinal or end wall to reinforced concrete column
2.430-20.3 02 Node 2, 2a. Fastening the end wall to the reinforced concrete rectangular column of the middle row
2.430-20.3 03 Node 3. Fastening of the end wall to the reinforced concrete two-branch column of the middle row
2.430-20.3 04 Unit 4. Fastening the end wall to roof truss at pitched roof
2.430-20.3 05 Node 5. Fastening of the longitudinal wall to the roof truss with reference "0" and flat roof
2.430-20.3 06 Node 6, 6a, 6b. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with reference "0" and pitched roof
2.430-20.3 07 Assembly 7. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with the binding "250" and the pitched roof. Wall thickness 250 mm
2.430-20.3 08 Node 8, 8a. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with the binding "250" and the pitched roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm
2.430-20.3 09 Node 9, 9a, 9b. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with reference "0" and a pitched roof
2.430-20.3 10 Assembly 10. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the slabs of the roof with "250" binding and pitched roof. Wall thickness 250 mm
2.430-20.3 11 Knot 11, 11a. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roofing slabs with a span of 12 m. With the binding "250" and pitched roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm
2.430-20.3 12 Knot 12, 12a, 12b. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with reference "0" and a flat roof
2.430-20.3 13 Unit 13. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with the binding "250" and a flat roof. Wall thickness 250 mm
2.430-20.3 14 Node 14, 14a. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with the binding "250" and a flat roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm
2.430-20.3 15 Node 15, 15a, 15b. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with reference "0" and a flat roof
2.430-20.3 16 Unit 16. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with "250" binding and a flat roof. Wall thickness 250 mm
2.430-20.3 17 Unit 17. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with "250" binding and a flat roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm
2.430-20.3 18 Knot 18. Parapet fastening end wall to floor slabs
2.430-20.3 19 Unit 19. Supporting the roof slabs on the longitudinal wall with a pitched roof. Wall thickness 380 mm
2.430-20.3 20 Node 20. Supporting the roof slabs on the longitudinal wall with a pitched roof. Wall thickness 510 mm
2.430-20.3 21 Unit 21. Supporting the roof slabs on the longitudinal wall with a flat roof. Wall thickness 380 mm
2.430-20.3 22 Unit 22. Supporting the roof slabs on the longitudinal wall with a flat roof. Wall thickness 510 mm
2.430-20.3 23 Node 23. Supporting a rafter with a span of 12 m on a pilaster
2.430-20.3 24 Unit 24. Fastening the cornice of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with reference "0" and a pitched roof
2.430-20.3 25 Assembly 25. Fastening the cornice of the longitudinal wall to the slabs of the roof with "250" binding and pitched roof
2.430-20.3 26 Unit 26. Attaching the end wall cornice to the roof slabs
2.430-20.3 27 Unit 27. Fastening of the eaves of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with reference "0" and a flat roof
2.430-20.3 28 Unit 28. Fastening the cornice of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with the binding "250" and a flat roof
2.430-20.3 29 Knot 29. Fastening of the longitudinal or end wall to the head of the railway. b. fachwerk columns
2.430-20.3 30 Node 30. Specification 2.430-20.3 00 PZ Explanatory note
2.430-20.3 01 Unit 1. Fastening of a longitudinal or end wall to a reinforced concrete column
2.430-20.3 02 Node 2, 2a. Fastening the end wall to the reinforced concrete rectangular column of the middle row
2.430-20.3 03 Node 3. Fastening of the end wall to the reinforced concrete two-branch column of the middle row
2.430-20.3 04 Node 4. Fastening the end wall to the truss with a pitched roof
2.430-20.3 05 Unit 5. Fastening of the longitudinal wall to the roof truss with reference "0" and flat roof
2.430-20.3 06 Node 6, 6a, 6b. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with reference "0" and pitched roof
2.430-20.3 07 Assembly 7. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with the binding "250" and the pitched roof. Wall thickness 250 mm
2.430-20.3 08 Node 8, 8a. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with the binding "250" and the pitched roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm
2.430-20.3 09 Node 9, 9a, 9b. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with reference "0" and a pitched roof
2.430-20.3 10 Assembly 10. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the slabs of the roof with "250" binding and pitched roof. Wall thickness 250 mm
2.430-20.3 11 Knot 11, 11a. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roofing slabs with a span of 12 m. With the binding "250" and pitched roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm
2.430-20.3 12 Knot 12, 12a, 12b. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with reference "0" and a flat roof
2.430-20.3 13 Unit 13. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with the binding "250" and a flat roof. Wall thickness 250 mm
2.430-20.3 14 Node 14, 14a. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with the binding "250" and a flat roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm
2.430-20.3 15 Node 15, 15a, 15b. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with reference "0" and a flat roof
2.430-20.3 16 Unit 16. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with "250" binding and a flat roof. Wall thickness 250 mm
2.430-20.3 17 Unit 17. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with "250" binding and a flat roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm
2.430-20.3 18 Unit 18. Fastening of the end wall parapet to the roof slabs
2.430-20.3 19 Unit 19. Supporting the roof slabs on the longitudinal wall with a pitched roof. Wall thickness 380 mm
2.430-20.3 20 Node 20. Supporting the roof slabs on the longitudinal wall with a pitched roof. Wall thickness 510 mm
2.430-20.3 21 Unit 21. Supporting the roof slabs on the longitudinal wall with a flat roof. Wall thickness 380 mm
2.430-20.3 22 Unit 22. Supporting the roof slabs on the longitudinal wall with a flat roof. Wall thickness 510 mm
2.430-20.3 23 Node 23. Supporting a rafter with a span of 12 m on a pilaster
2.430-20.3 24 Unit 24. Fastening the cornice of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with reference "0" and a pitched roof
2.430-20.3 25 Assembly 25. Fastening the cornice of the longitudinal wall to the slabs of the roof with "250" binding and pitched roof
2.430-20.3 26 Unit 26. Attaching the end wall cornice to the roof slabs
2.430-20.3 27 Unit 27. Fastening of the eaves of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with reference "0" and a flat roof
2.430-20.3 28 Unit 28. Fastening the cornice of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with the binding "250" and a flat roof
2.430-20.3 29 Knot 29. Fastening of the longitudinal or end wall to the head of the railway. b. fachwerk columns
2.430-20.3 30 Assembly 30. Specification
FRAMEWORK
In industrial construction, bricks are erected: walls of buildings with damp aggressive environment; small industrial buildings; a section of walls with a large number of
PTO technological holes or openings; a variety of buildings in areas where brick is a local material.
Thickness brick walls depends on thermal requirements and is 250, 380 and 510 mm. The laying of such walls is laborious, which increases the cost and lengthens the construction period.
According to the perception of the load, brick walls are:
1. load-bearing, forming the framework of the building. They are based on strip foundations, in places, the laying of beams or trusses is reinforced from the inside with pilasters (Fig. 76, a, b). In the walls of warehouses bulk materials they arrange outside inclined ledges (buttresses) that perceive horizontal forces.
2. Self-supporting(Fig. 76, c, d), leaning against the columns of the frame. They are supported on foundation beams on top of the waterproofing layer. Walls of this design are most common in industrial construction.
3. Mounted(Fig. 78.5), supported by strapping beams located above the window openings.
Self-supporting brick walls to the frame columns (Fig. 76, e) fasten with flexible connections through 1.2 m in height. The thickening in the corners of frame buildings (Fig. 76, e) prevents the walls from freezing.
Plinths of brick walls are plastered cement mortar or veneer ceramic tiles. Openings (up to 4.5 m wide) are covered with reinforced concrete
jumpers. The top of the wall ends with a cornice formed by overlapping rows of bricks, or a parapet.
To increase the decorativeness of the masonry, the seams on the facades are embroidered, giving them a convex or: concave shape. On the inner surface, the seams perform a level with the plane of the wall.
CONSTRUCTION SOLUTIONS FOR PANEL WALLS IN INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS.
JOINT DESIGNS
Walls of heated buildings
arrange hinged (with a panel thickness of 160 mm) or self-supporting and self-supporting with a thickness of 240-300
For curtain walls(Fig. 81, a) tape openings and support of the overwindow panels are characteristic (Fig. 81, c) on steel consoles. The same consoles are also needed on the blind sections of the walls through 4.8-
6 m in height. Self-supporting 240-300
For self-supporting walls(Fig. 81.6) are characterized by individual openings 3-4.5 m wide and the support of the window panels on the piers. The height of these walls depends on bearing capacity panels.
In mounted and self-supporting walls plinth panels(Fig. 81, d) are laid on a foundation beam along a waterproofing layer of cement mortar.
Additional boron blocks are installed in the corners of the walls of heated buildings (Fig. 81.5): see coursework
(The layout of the panels in height (Fig. 82, a, b) perform so that one of the horizontal seams is located 600 mm from the head of the column. Below this mark, the panels are attached to the columns, above - to the coating structures. Top panel walls(Fig. 82.0, G) completes the parapet or cornice. push into the note)
Walls of unheated buildings perform only hinged from flat reinforced concrete panels 70 mm thick. The basement of the walls is arranged in the same way as in heated buildings. Wall nodes (Fig. 83, a) are made of elongated panels laid in the direction of the longitudinal walls. The panels of the end walls are fixed to the racks of the fachwerk, and the longitudinal walls - to the columns of the frame. Top part walls has a parapet or cornice (Fig. 83.6) of steel profiles welded to the bottom panel.
Joint construction. The seams of large-panel walls are filled with elastic gaskets made of germite or poroizol and sealed with mastic (UM-40, UMS-50). Along the edges of the panel (Fig. 84, a, b) lay rigid gaskets that fix the thickness of the horizontal seams. Sealing of joints with cement mortar is allowed as an exception.
Fastening panels to columns Must be strong and pliable with temperature and sedimentary deformations of the walls.
The panels are fixed (Fig. 84, d, e, f, g) a bolt with a plate for three-layer panels, an anchor with a plate for a column spacing of 6 m,
Issue 3. Junctions of walls made of bricks with a reinforced concrete frame. Working drawings
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2.430-20.3 01 Unit 1. Fastening of a longitudinal or end wall to a reinforced concrete column
2.430-20.3 02 Node 2, 2a. Fastening the end wall to the reinforced concrete rectangular column of the middle row
2.430-20.3 03 Node 3. Fastening of the end wall to the reinforced concrete two-branch column of the middle row
2.430-20.3 04 Node 4. Fastening the end wall to the truss with a pitched roof
2.430-20.3 05 Unit 5. Fastening of the longitudinal wall to the roof truss with reference "0" and flat roof
2.430-20.3 06 Node 6, 6a, 6b. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with reference "0" and pitched roof
2.430-20.3 07 Assembly 7. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with the binding "250" and the pitched roof. Wall thickness 250 mm
2.430-20.3 08 Node 8, 8a. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with the binding "250" and the pitched roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm
2.430-20.3 09 Node 9, 9a, 9b. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with reference "0" and a pitched roof
2.430-20.3 10 Assembly 10. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the slabs of the roof with "250" binding and pitched roof. Wall thickness 250 mm
2.430-20.3 11 Knot 11, 11a. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roofing slabs with a span of 12 m. With the binding "250" and pitched roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm
2.430-20.3 12 Knot 12, 12a, 12b. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with reference "0" and a flat roof
2.430-20.3 13 Unit 13. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with the binding "250" and a flat roof. Wall thickness 250 mm
2.430-20.3 14 Node 14, 14a. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with the binding "250" and a flat roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm
2.430-20.3 15 Node 15, 15a, 15b. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with reference "0" and a flat roof
2.430-20.3 16 Unit 16. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with "250" binding and a flat roof. Wall thickness 250 mm
2.430-20.3 17 Unit 17. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with "250" binding and a flat roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm
2.430-20.3 18 Unit 18. Fastening of the end wall parapet to the roof slabs
2.430-20.3 19 Unit 19. Supporting the roof slabs on the longitudinal wall with a pitched roof. Wall thickness 380 mm
2.430-20.3 20 Node 20. Supporting the roof slabs on the longitudinal wall with a pitched roof. Wall thickness 510 mm
2.430-20.3 21 Unit 21. Supporting the roof slabs on the longitudinal wall with a flat roof. Wall thickness 380 mm
2.430-20.3 22 Unit 22. Supporting the roof slabs on the longitudinal wall with a flat roof. Wall thickness 510 mm
2.430-20.3 23 Node 23. Supporting a rafter with a span of 12 m on a pilaster
2.430-20.3 24 Unit 24. Fastening the cornice of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with reference "0" and a pitched roof
2.430-20.3 25 Assembly 25. Fastening the cornice of the longitudinal wall to the slabs of the roof with "250" binding and pitched roof
2.430-20.3 26 Unit 26. Attaching the end wall cornice to the roof slabs
External walls at the attachment points are transferred to the supporting structure vertical loads from its own weight and attachments (sun protection, balconies, radiators) and horizontal forces from wind pressure and suction. According to the static action, the following cases are distinguished:1. Panels outer wall floor-high, they are supported, like beams on two supports, on two floor planes. Structures with a height of several floors work like continuous beams. They can be suspended from the plane of the top floor (1.1) or stand on the bottom floor (1.2). External wall panels can also be supported only on columns 11.3) or, as supported along the contour of the slab, on columns and ceilings (1.4).
2. Strip facade panels are attached to only one floor. In addition, additional horizontal supports (2.1) or support on the floor (2.2) or a rigid attachment to the floor, for example, a monolithic one (2.3), are required. If there are columns, the panels are fixed on both sides on the columns (2.4) or on three sides on the columns and ceiling (2.5).
Exterior walls can be attached directly to the supporting structure, but in most cases the fasteners are dispersed.
Fastening external walls to floor slabs
To fasten the outer walls to the floor slabs, anchor strips or bolts inserted into tubes embedded in concrete, or dowels in drilled holes are used.3.1. The reinforced concrete window sill is installed on the mortar on the floor slab.
3.2. Reinforced concrete wall panel, the inner bearing side of which has a support ledge, is installed on the mortar.
3.3. Reinforced concrete wall fastening with steel connecting brackets with oval holes for equalizing tolerances.
3.4. The facade posts are fixed with dowels in the floor slab.
3.5. Fastening of front racks with the help of anchor supports.
3.6. Rigid adjunction of the window sill. Fixing the console with bolts in embedded pipes.
Fastening external walls to floor beams
Steel floor beams are ideal for fixing external walls by bolting or welding the elements to be joined.4.1. The floor beam is located perpendicular to the facade with the adjoining panels through the gussets using paired overlays. For thermal insulation of the joint, gaskets made of artificial materials. Precise positioning of the beams is necessary, as horizontal shifts in the façade plane must be limited.
4.2. Screwing corners with oblong holes to the beam web.
4.3. To the end beam of the ceiling from the channel, which runs parallel to the facade, the wall is bolted.
4.4. Floor beams or girders, located at a certain distance behind the facade, have cantilever protruding adjoining elements.
4.5. The window sill panel is bolted to the floor beam and has an additional support in the form of a strut.
Fastening of external walls and steel columns
There are various possibilities for fastening the outer walls, if the columns are behind them. Since in columns with a fire-retardant cladding, the adjoining elements cut through the cladding, the outer walls perform fire-retardant functions. In fire-resistant window sills, the junctions must also be fire-resistant.5.1. In the simplest case, the outer wall is bolted directly to the column.
5.2. Connection with outer side fire protection cladding.
5.3. Single-walled console with the column moved away from the wall.
5.4. Double wall console for heavy walls.
5.5. Supporting wall elements on welded corners The outer flange of the column remains open.
5.6. A pair of ribs welded to the column has a plate on top with drilled hole to strengthen anchor bolts on which the wall is hung. This solution makes it possible to move wall panel to the side and adjust its location in height with a bolt. After leveling the wall, the plate is welded to the ribs.
5.7. The same two connections as 5.6, but on a box-shaped console.
5.8. The shaped nodal element close to the column serves for separate fastening of the outer and inner layers of a two-layer wall.
Tolerance leveling
The seams of the outer wall compensate for the deformation vibrations described in, and manufacturing tolerances. Prefabricated exterior wall elements are manufactured to relatively tight tolerances, with metal elements to tighter tolerances than reinforced concrete elements. Tolerances in the construction of load-bearing structures are coarser. Therefore, at the joints of the panels, it is necessary to provide leveling elements to ensure their mutual fastening without special adjustment on site.6. Attachment points of external walls to load-bearing structures can be shifted against the design position in three directions and can be rotated around three axes.
7. System of six degrees of freedom:
- 7.1 δ X - shift parallel to the outer wall;
- 7.2 δ Y - change in the gap between the plane of the wall and the supporting structure;
- 7.3 δ Z - height shift;
- 7.4 α X - rotation around the horizontal axis x;
- 7.5 α Y - rotation around the horizontal axis y;
- 7.6 α Z - rotation around the vertical z-axis.
9. An example of supporting the facade with the possibility of movement. All-round turns are provided with the help of point bearing on the bolts.
