How to insulate a brick wall from the inside. Intra-wall insulation of a brick house How to insulate a brick house

In private construction, brick is still very popular for building walls at home. Houses built of brick can be found almost everywhere. But despite their wonderful performance, such a house requires insulation. The issue of insulation brick house is particularly acute today, when the cost of energy is quite high and every kilowatt of energy has to be saved. The way out in this situation is to create a reliable thermal insulation of the house, which can reduce heat loss to a minimum. All work on the arrangement of thermal insulation can be done on your own, especially since how to insulate brick house, there is nothing complicated.

The specifics of the insulation of a brick house

When planning to insulate a brick house, it must be remembered that house insulation is a whole range of works aimed at reducing heat loss through the roof, walls, floor and foundation. And in order to answer the question of how to properly insulate a brick house, you will first have to find out what brick and what masonry the house is built from, consider the types of insulation of a brick house and decide on the materials for its insulation.

Features of brick walls

Unlike concrete or wooden walls, brick walls have a number characteristic features. Firstly, the walls can be made of solid or hollow bricks. It depends on the thermal conductivity brick wall, the indicator of which is in the middle between wood 0.2 W / (m K) and concrete 1.5 W / (m K) and is 0.4 W / (m K). Secondly, masonry can be solid and with an air pocket (well masonry). Depending on what type of brick is used and what kind of masonry is done, the thickness of the walls changes, and at the same time performance characteristics and the required thickness of the thermal insulation layer.

Important! Above are the average thermal conductivity values. Depending on the type of wood and the materials used for the production of bricks and concrete, the thermal conductivity may fluctuate in one direction or another. So concrete with the addition of expanded clay has a thermal conductivity of 0.66 W / (m K), solid silicate brick 0.7 W/(m K) and pine 0.09 W/(m K). Therefore, before proceeding with the insulation of the walls of the house, it is important to know what they are made of and how thick they are.

Regarding the masonry method, it should be noted that with continuous masonry, the insulation is placed over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe wall on one or two sides. In this case, the thickness of the layer directly depends on the thickness of the wall: the thicker the wall, the smaller the layer will be required. In the case of well masonry, the insulation is placed inside the wall, between the bricks. This approach is also called intra-wall insulation. It can provide additional thermal insulation due to the air gap between the outer and inner walls, and when used thermal insulation material can reduce heat loss by half.

Types of insulation

In total there are three types of insulation: external, internal, intra-wall. External insulation is the most popular and involves the placement of insulation outside the building. This approach will provide additional protection walls from various kinds natural phenomena. Unfortunately, the external insulation of a brick house has its drawbacks - this is the seasonality of work and the rather high cost of materials. Internal insulation of the house, in addition to wall insulation, provides for insulation floors, floor, attic and roof. Fulfill internal insulation possible at almost any time of the year. The third type is intra-wall insulation, it can be performed only at the stage of wall construction. Therefore, those who have purchased an already built house will not be able to perform this type of insulation.

Characteristics of thermal insulation materials

It is necessary to choose materials for warming a brick house with special care, paying attention to their characteristics. There are several reasons for this. First, some thermal insulation materials can only be used for interior decoration, some - only for outdoor. Secondly, the density of the material and its coefficient of thermal conductivity will depend total weight and the thickness of the insulating layer. Thirdly, its durability and ability to maintain its operational qualities depend on the resistance of the material to various kinds of negative influences. Fourth, the more natural the material, the better. Below are the main features with their brief description to which you should pay attention Special attention.

• Coefficient of thermal conductivity. The lower this indicator, the less the thickness of the thermal insulation layer will be.
• Water absorption coefficient. As in the case of thermal conductivity, the smaller this figure, the better. The water absorption of a material indicates its resistance to moisture absorption.
• Density. In fact, this indicator displays the mass of thermal insulation. The higher it is, the heavier the material.
• Flammability class. In total there are four classes of flammability. Class G1 materials stop burning without a source of fire, so their use is more preferable in construction.
• Material durability. With this indicator, everything is simple. It indicates how long a given material will last without losing its performance characteristics.
• Steam capacity. The ability of the material to “breathe”, passing moist air through itself, will be most welcome for internal insulation of rooms, which will only increase comfortable accommodation in the house.
• Soundproofing ability. Some heat-insulating materials also have excellent sound-proofing properties, which can significantly save on special sound-proofing materials.
• Environmental friendliness. This indicator indicates only the naturalness of the materials and will be useful for those who seek to make their home as safe as possible for living in it.
• Difficulty of installation. This indicator only affects the speed and ease of installation, which will be especially useful for beginners in the construction business.

AT modern construction Do-it-yourself warming of a brick house is carried out with various materials. Below are the usual artificial materials and again gaining popularity natural:

• Mineral wool. Perhaps the most commonly used thermal insulation. Its thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.041-0.044 W/(m.K) and its density is from 20 kg/m3 to 200 kg/m3. Of the shortcomings, high moisture absorption should be noted. More suitable for internal insulation.
• Expanded polystyrene (styrofoam). The second most popular material for insulation. Thermal conductivity coefficient 0.033 - 0.037 W/(m.K), density 11 to 35 kg/m3. This material practically does not absorb moisture, but at the same time its vapor permeability is almost zero. In addition, it is brittle, flammable, and emits toxic substances. Can be used both inside and outside the building.
• Extruded polystyrene foam. Thermal conductivity coefficient 0.028 - 0.032 W / (m.K), density from 25 to 38 kg / m3. Unlike conventional foam, extruded polystyrene foam is more durable, but otherwise they are almost identical. Suitable for external and internal work.
• Expanded clay. The thermal conductivity coefficient is from 0.10 to 0.18 W/(m.K), density 200 - 800 kg/m3. Pretty narrow range of applications. It is mainly added to concrete for the foundation or construction of a monolithic frame of the house. It can also be used for interior wall insulation.
• "Warm" plaster. The thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.065 W/(m.K), density 200 - 340 kg/m3. This material has quite a few advantages - sound insulation, vapor permeability, low water permeability, non-combustibility, and so on. But there are two significant drawbacks. The first - the maximum layer of such plaster should not exceed 50 mm, the second - big weight, which entails the need for a reinforced foundation. But in general, it is an excellent insulation for both external and internal work.
• Cork heaters. The thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.045 - 0.06 W/(m.K), density 240 - 250 kg/m3. This natural material perfect for internal insulation due to its performance. The only serious disadvantage is the high degree of flammability. Best used for interior insulation.
• Ecowool or cellulose wadding. The thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.032 - 0.038 W/(m.K), density 30 - 75 kg/m3. The ecowool obtained as a result of cellulose processing perfectly absorbs moisture and does not tolerate mechanical loads well. It is used only for internal insulation. It is usually used to insulate attics.

Starting to insulate an already built brick house, first of all, you need to do small project, indicating in it all areas requiring insulation with the materials used and their quantity. At the same time, it should be remembered that for internal and external works are used various materials. If the house is under construction, then all necessary calculations are indicated in the project documentation and it remains only to purchase everything you need and start work.

As noted earlier, this type of insulation can be carried out only at the stage of wall construction. To do this, do the following:

1. first, we lay the outer wall, where every 5 rows of bricks we insert a metal pin made of wire with a diameter of 5 mm into the seam. We select the length of the pin in such a way as to drown it by 2 - 3 cm and the remaining part of the wire should be 2 - 3 cm more than the thickness of the heat-insulating material used;
2. as soon as an external wall with a height of 1 - 1.5 m has been erected, we begin installing the thermal insulation in place, resting the materials on the pins;
3. at the end, we lay the inner wall, after which we again raise the outer one. And so to the very top.

The method described above is suitable for materials produced in mats or plates, such as foam, mineral wool or extruded polystyrene foam. You can also use expanded clay. To do this, you will have to erect both walls at once to a height of 1 - 1.5 m, leaving a gap of 10 - 15 cm between them and tying them together with metal pins in the seams of the masonry. Then we fall asleep inside expanded clay and continue the construction of walls. For this method of insulation, coarse expanded clay should be chosen. Since it has a lower density and, therefore, its total weight will be less.

Important! You can not be limited only to the intra-wall insulation of a brick house. The walls of such a house can be additionally insulated from the outside.

Insulation of a brick house from the outside

External insulation of a brick house consists in the insulation of walls, basement and external walls ok foundation. The technology of warming a brick house from the outside consists in cleaning the walls of the building from construction debris and dirt for further fixing a multi-layer heat-insulating cake on them or arranging a hinged structure over bare walls with thermal insulation placed inside. Of the materials, you can use foam, extruded polystyrene foam, "warm" plaster. In this case, one simple rule must be observed - the sequence of arrangement of materials for insulating the walls of a brick house from the outside should be such that the vapor permeability of each next layer increases towards the outer edge.

In order to insulate the walls of a brick house from the outside with polystyrene foam or extruded polystyrene foam, the following must be done. Perform basic plastering of the walls to even out the main irregularities, then clean the surface of dirt and treat it with a primer. Then, in one of two ways, either with glue or with the help of “umbrella” facade dowels, we fix the sheets of thermal insulation to the wall.

If you chose the first method, then you need to apply glue to the surface of the sheet and press it firmly against the wall. We carry out work from the bottom up, placing the sheets gradually row by row. In this case, each next row is shifted relative to the previous one, placing the sheets in a checkerboard pattern. In this simple way, the stability of the entire structure is achieved. When fastening with the help of facade dowels, we perform the same operations, with the difference that glue is applied pointwise in small portions to the surface of the sheet. Then, after gluing, we drill a hole in the wall through the sheet, into which we insert the dowel. The resulting surface is reinforced with a special mesh, plastered and finished with paint or decorative plaster.

Video: insulation of a brick house outside with foam

Another popular way of external wall insulation is to create ventilated facade. Creation works are as follows. The first thing to do is to place a layer of vapor barrier on the wall surface, then create and fix metal or metal anchors to the wall. wooden frame. After that, we place a heat-insulating material between the frame rails, on top of which we lay a layer of waterproofing. For a ventilated facade, basalt or mineral wool is most often used. We fix heat and waterproofing materials to the wall with the help of facade dowels with a wide hat already familiar to us. At the end we set outer skin from siding, porcelain stoneware or other material.

The simplest and most widely available option for external insulation is the use of "warm" plasters. The work consists in cleaning the walls of dirt, after which their surface is impregnated with a primer. Further fixed on the wall plaster mesh and beacons, on which "warm" plaster will be applied. After the plastered walls have dried, they can be finished with bark beetle decorative plaster, clinker tiles, decorative facade brick or just paint.

The insulation of the foundation and basement of a brick house is carried out by analogy with the walls, with the only difference being that it is not customary to create a ventilated facade for the foundation or basement. Most often, insulation is performed with polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam, clinker tiles or “warm” plaster.

Insulation of a brick house from the inside

Heat loss through external walls is only a fraction of the total heat loss. Most of the heat escapes through the roof and floor of a brick house. Of course, for more reliable heat retention, you can insulate the walls from the inside, and this will require very little effort. Consider the internal insulation of a brick house as it is being built, starting from the floor and ending with the roof.

Floor insulation in a brick house

The floors in a brick house are best insulated even at the stage of its construction. It is also possible to make insulation in an already built house, but this is associated with increased labor costs. This is due to the need to dismantle and repair an existing wooden or concrete floor. Floor insulation is carried out using polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam, mineral and basalt wool or expanded clay. Separately, it is necessary to highlight the "warm floor" system, which, in combination with conventional heaters, will allow you to save heat and provide additional heating at home.

During the construction of a new house, insulation wooden floors is done as follows:

• having created a structure from a log and a draft floor from waterproof plywood, we lay a layer of waterproofing on top of them. Between the edges waterproofing material let overlap, and bring the edges along the perimeter up with an overlap of 10 - 15 cm;
• then we put a heater in the space between the lags. On top of the insulation, if desired, you can lay a layer of vapor barrier;
• the next will be a draft floor made of boards, on top of which the finishing floor and flooring are laid.

If the house has two or more floors, then the insulation of the floors of the upper floors will also be the insulation of the ceiling in a brick house. In fact, you will have to create a wooden floor on the logs with insulation inside on the second floor.

The creation of thermal insulation in an already built brick house begins with disassembly and repair wooden floor. After that, if necessary, excavation of excess soil is carried out, backfilling of a new substrate of sand, crushed stone and their compaction. Finally, a lag structure and insulation are assembled according to the scheme described above.

If the wooden floor can still be dismantled with minimal labor, then the concrete floor will require huge effort and a lot of time to remove old screed. Therefore, insulation is extremely important. concrete floors carried out at the stage of building a house. The work itself is as follows:

• after creating and compacting a pillow of sand and gravel on the ground, we perform a rough screed, lay a layer of waterproofing on top;

Important! To reduce the thermal conductivity of concrete, expanded clay should be added to it. Such concrete will have a thermal conductivity of 0.66 W/(m·K) rather than the usual 1.5 W/(m·K).

• Next, lay the insulation. For concrete floors, foam and extruded polystyrene foam are used. In addition to these materials, others can be laid. The main thing is to choose the material with the greatest strength and density over 160 kg/m3;
• a layer of vapor barrier is laid on top of this multilayer cake and a finishing screed is poured, after which the finishing floor covering is laid.

Wall insulation from the inside of a brick house

In most cases, wall insulation inside a brick house is not performed, due to the presence of external thermal insulation. But sometimes internal insulation is still necessary. Especially when the thickness of the walls or the maximum layer of thermal insulation with outside not enough to keep warm. To insulate brick walls from the inside, mineral and stone wool, polystyrene, extruded polystyrene foam, cork or "warm" plaster.

The internal insulation of the walls of a brick house is as follows:

• clean the walls of dirt and impregnate them with a primer;
• using wooden bars or a metal profile, equip the frame and fix it to the wall. Frame racks are placed in increments of 40 cm or 60 cm;
• if necessary, cutting the thermal insulation to the width of the opening between the posts, we put it inside the resulting structure;
• from above we sheathe with drywall, plaster and apply the finish.

Important! Internal insulation of a brick house with polystyrene foam or extruded polystyrene foam is highly undesirable due to the toxicity and flammability of these materials.

Insulation of the attic and roof of a brick house

In the question of how best to insulate a brick house, it is impossible to ignore such parts of the house as the roof and attic. After all, it is through them that up to 40% of the total heat loss can escape. The reason for this simple laws physics, according to which warm air is lighter than cold air and therefore all the heat goes up. Therefore, in order to keep warm in a brick house, it is so important to insulate the roof and attic.

To insulate the attic, you must do the following:

• if you use floor beams as logs, you can build an already familiar wooden floor construction with insulation, but with minor changes;
• we cover the beams themselves and the space between them with a vapor barrier;
• then we fill the space between the beams with ecowool, mineral wool or basalt wool;
• from above, for ease of movement in the attic, we lay a draft floor of rough boards.

Important! To save operational properties thermal insulation of the attic and roof, it is necessary to equip high-quality ventilation of the under-roof space.

Insulation of the roof of the house is carried out as follows:

• over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe structure we lay between the rafters and fix the vapor barrier. We overlap the edges of the material with each other and glue it with adhesive tape;
• in the space between the rafters we lay heat-insulating material. It can be polystyrene, extruded polystyrene foam, mineral or basalt wool, as well as any other insulation with low thermal conductivity and low density;
• on top we lay another layer of vapor barrier and, to maintain the insulation in place, we fix the crate in increments of 0.4 - 0.5 m.

Despite the large amount of work to create thermal insulation of a brick house, everything is quite simple. Perform insulation within the power of anyone who knows how to use the tool and has minimal experience construction works. In order for everything to be done correctly, it is necessary to adhere to SNiPs and the recommendations of specialists.

Brick houses in private construction are very popular. Their durability and operational qualities have long been beyond doubt, but, nevertheless, such buildings require insulation, thereby ensuring not only the comfort of living in a house in the harsh climatic regions of Russia, but also energy savings.

Heater selection

The construction of brick walls can be done in different ways. For masonry use full-bodied or hollow brick, the thermal conductivity coefficients of these materials are different and provide different thermal insulation of the house. In addition, the laying of a brick wall can be carried out in one piece or with the formation of cavities for insulation (the so-called well masonry), which determines the thickness of the walls of the house as a whole and the degree of thermal insulation of the building in particular.

Insulation of a brick house is done in three different ways. Which one is applicable in each individual case depends on the goals that the owner of the house wants to achieve when arranging thermal insulation, and the construction stage at which work is carried out to insulate the building.

The first two types of insulation work can be carried out at almost any time, both at the stage of completion of the construction of the house, and at the time of operation of the building - this is external and internal insulation. External thermal insulation is the most popular and involves laying insulation outside the house. This type of insulation can also provide a protective function, protecting the walls from exposure various factors climatic character. It is possible to produce external insulation of buildings only during the spring-autumn period.

Works on the internal insulation of buildings are carried out off-season, they provide for thermal insulation not only of walls, but also of the floor, ceiling and interfloor ceilings.

The third type of work on the insulation of houses is intra-wall, it can be carried out only at the stage of wall construction. The method involves fixing the material between the inner and outer brickwork.

Depending on the method of insulation and the expected performance properties of thermal insulation, the choice of material is also carried out. The main characteristics of the insulation, which you need to pay special attention to, are:

• thermal conductivity - the level of this indicator ultimately affects the thickness of the thermal insulation layer;
• water absorption - determines the degree of resistance of the material to the absorption of moisture from the environment;
• density - characterizes the mass of thermal insulation and determines the thickness and weight of the insulation;
• combustibility - indicates the ability of the material to burn;
• vapor permeability - determines the ability of the insulation to pass moist air through itself, that is, "breathe";
• soundproofing ability - characterizes the ability of the material to reduce the level of noise penetrating into the room.

Options for warming a brick house

External insulation of a brick house involves laying heat-insulating material on the outside of the building. This method of insulation provides heating of the walls with warm air, evaporation excess moisture and heat accumulation, and thus, even in case of interruptions in heating, the room does not cool down for a long time, and the flow of cold air is restrained by a layer of thermal insulation.

Consider the following types external insulation of brick walls:

• insulation technology ventilated facade;
• "wet facade" insulation system;
• interwall insulation;
• facade insulation with thermal panels.

Ventilated facade

Ventilated facades are a structure assembled outside the building and consisting of two main parts - a frame and a cladding. The frame can be made from different materials, it forms the necessary gap between the cladding and the wall, in which the movement of air (ventilation) is carried out. For brick houses the best use would be metal base under the cladding, facade panels are attached to it.

A ventilated facade can be a more complex, multilayer structure. The first layer is then outer cladding, the second and third are crates with gaps, the fourth is an insulator.

The arrangement of ventilated facades for brick houses has an undeniable advantage - due to the constant ventilation of the gaps, they contribute to the removal of excess moisture from the supporting structures of the building and thereby prevent their premature destruction. In addition, the use of such systems allows one-third to save money spent on air conditioning and heating at home and thus reduce the cost of its maintenance.

As for the facing of brick walls, they can be made with siding, porcelain stoneware or other modern building materials.

Video instruction for installation of a ventilation facade.

Wet facade

Another no less popular way to insulate brick houses is the “wet facade”. Such a system of insulation includes the following components:

• thermal insulation layer- represents directly the insulation itself, the adhesive mixture and the dowels, with the help of which the material is attached to the base. Mineral wool, polystyrene foam or extruded polystyrene foam are usually used as thermal insulation;

• reinforcing layer- protects the insulation from atmospheric influences, and also gives the surface mechanical strength and bearing capacity required for applying decorative coating. This layer consists of a special fiberglass mesh and an adhesive solution;

• decorative finishing layer- the final one, usually represented by decorative plaster of various structures and colors.

The use of wet facades requires strict adherence to the instructions for their installation, which ensures the reliability and durability of the structure.

Video instruction for installation of a wet facade.

Interwall insulation

If the insulation of the walls of a brick house is carried out at the stage of building a house, then in this case the most acceptable
an option for thermal insulation can be inter-wall insulation. It is a laying of insulation (usually mineral wool, polystyrene or expanded clay) between the inner and outer walls of the building. At the same time, the heat insulator is attached to the first brickwork; for ventilation, a small air layer and then erect the subsequent, outer masonry of the wall.

This method of insulation fully allows the use of materials of low mechanical strength and necessarily also includes the laying of steam and waterproofing.

Interwall insulation can be supplemented with any other way of thermal insulation of the house - internal or external.

Insulation of brick walls with thermal panels

The combination of thermal insulation of the building and its decorative cladding give the so-called thermal panels - facade material with clinker tiles. Thermal panels are fixed directly on outer wall buildings without it pre-training and followed by stitching.

The advantage of this material is obvious:

• reducing the cost of finishing the house;
• glueless connection of elements;
• solving problems of ventilation and sealing of the facade;
• prevention of cold bridges and condensation.

You can learn more about the installation of thermal panels.

Video instruction for mounting thermal panels.

Installation of thermal panels does not require special skills and can be done without strengthening the foundation of the house. The maintenance and operation of this building material also does not cause any particular difficulties.

Brick is a durable and non-combustible material, it can withstand high loads and is used in the construction of buildings of various heights. The main disadvantage of such a house is the high thermal conductivity of the walls. You can solve the problem by increasing the thickness of the brickwork or by insulating the building from the outside.

Insulation of brick walls is divided into three types: external, internal and intra-wall. The latter option involves the construction of a building with well masonry and the placement of a heat insulator at the construction stage.

Internal insulation takes usable area rooms, it provokes dampness of the walls and is not effective enough. Its advantage is the ability to perform work at any convenient time and the low cost of materials. If you have a choice, you should give preference to external thermal insulation.

Among its advantages:

• The walls are protected from external influences, so they will last a long time.
• Significant reduction in heating costs.
• Ability to create architectural design home according to your taste.
• Absence of moisture, mold and fungus on the surface of the walls.

The main characteristics of thermal insulation materials

In order for the protection of brick walls to be reliable and durable, the materials used must have characteristics that allow them to withstand precipitation, wind, frost and heat.

• The water absorption coefficient is a characteristic of a product that shows how much moisture it can absorb. It is better to choose a material with a low rate.
• The coefficient of thermal conductivity is the main criterion in the study of insulation. It shows the amount of heated air lost in 1 hour per sq. m of material having a thickness of 1 m. This indicator is guided when choosing the thickness of the insulation layer. The best products according to this criterion are polystyrene and mineral wool.
• Combustibility - determines how dangerous the material is in a fire. Products are divided into four cash desks according to this characteristic, it is better to give preference to G1, which go out without open fire. Styrofoam boards are prone to fire, use them for sheathing, choose with the marking "C", meaning self-extinguishing.
• Density determines the amount of additional weight on the structure - the lower the indicator, the lighter the material.
• The level of sound insulation indicates the possibilities for reducing penetrating noise. All popular heat insulators have this quality to a sufficient extent.
• Environmental friendliness - the criterion determines the safety of the insulation for health. For exterior decoration, it is not critical, but natural materials preferably synthetic.
• The complexity of installation - if the work is done by one's own hands, it is necessary to choose a simple and understandable technology for laying thermal insulation.

The list of popular materials for cladding a house outside includes a few products:

• Styrofoam;
• extruded polystyrene foam;
• mineral wool;
• warm plaster.

They have a different composition, cost and installation features. Let's consider each material in detail.

Styrofoam - plates made of expanded polystyrene, which is a cell with gas. This structure provides low thermal conductivity of 0.032-0.039, good sound insulation and a light weight. The foam density is 35-50 kg / m3, the recommended layer thickness is 10 cm. The material is able to absorb moisture, therefore it requires waterproofing. The downside of the insulation is flammability, vapor tightness and sensitivity to light.

Extruded polystyrene foam - the product has the properties of foam, but in an improved version. The material does not absorb water, it is more durable and easy to process, its thermal conductivity is 0.028-0.032. The cost of extruded polystyrene foam boards is higher than other materials for thermal insulation.

Mineral wool is one of the best heaters, it does not burn, is safe, has a low density - 35-125 kg / m3. The raw materials for the material are glass, stone and slag. Air voids of 10-15 cm remain between the fibers, due to which the mineral wool has a thermal conductivity of 0.04-0.045, absorbs noise well and passes steam. For effective protection, a layer of 10-15 cm is needed.

The product is available in the form of rolls, mats and plates. Basalt wool in the slab version is characterized by resistance to deformation and increased density - 75-150 kg/m3. the material fits easily into the frame and does not cause problems during installation. The only drawback of mineral wool is its high water absorption, which requires mandatory waterproofing. The heater is affordable, which contributes to its popularity.

Warm plaster - a dry mixture of cement, lime, plasticizers and additives from expanded polystyrene granules, expanded clay, perlite. The material is somewhat inferior in terms of thermal insulation - 0.06-0.065, but has many advantages: it does not burn, has vapor permeability, is resistant to moisture and microorganisms, and isolates sound well. Plaster has a significant density of 200-350 kg / m3, so it puts an additional load on the foundation. Max Thickness insulation is 5 cm.

Talking about how to insulate a brick house from the outside, one should not miss the opportunity to finish with thermal panels. This material is characterized by a low thermal conductivity of 0.025 with a small thickness of 60-100 mm. The basis of the product is polyurethane foam, the decorative part is made of ceramic tiles. The material is resistant to frost and moisture, quickly mounted and does not require additional finishing.

Thermal insulation technology with mineral wool

Insulation of a brick house is carried out in two ways:

• creation of a ventilated facade;
• "wet facade", gluing plates to the walls.

Mineral wool is optimally suited for the first method, which involves the creation of a crate and a multilayer cake with vapor and waterproofing.

1. On the surface of the walls, a crate is stuffed from a bar treated with an antiseptic composition, or a metal profile. The guides are placed in increments less than the width of the insulation by 2 cm. This will allow you to lay the material more densely.
2. Mineral wool is laid between the bars and covered with a waterproofing sheet.
3. The film is attached to the crate with a stapler.
4. Thin slats are stuffed over the protection against moisture, which will provide air gap between insulation and cladding.
5. Siding is attached to the rails.

Basalt wool slabs are strong enough to be mounted without a frame. Proper styling insulation begins with screwing a horizontal metal profile at the bottom, which will keep the material from slipping. The plates are fixed with special glue and dowels with a wide cap. Each row starts with an offset. After finishing all surfaces of the facade, a mesh is laid on the mineral wool and a layer of plaster is applied.

Insulation of the house with foam plastic according to the principle of "wet facade"

Panels of styrofoam or extruded polystyrene foam are attached to the wall using a simple technology called "wet facade" due to the presence of processes that require drying.

1. A brick wall is being prepared: cleaning from dirt, eliminating defects, priming.
2. A metal profile is attached at the basement level, which will become a beacon when laying the first row and a drip for moisture.
   Glue is applied pointwise to the insulation plates, and they are pressed against the wall.
3. Additional fastening is carried out with dowels - in the corners and in the center.
4. Work starts from the bottom of the corner, the rows are stacked with an offset for the stability of the structure.
5. over finished insulation lay a plastic mesh for reinforcement and apply a thin base layer of plaster.
6. After the solution has dried, priming is carried out and final finishing decorative plaster.

How to apply warm plaster on the walls?

Working with insulating plaster will take time, especially in the absence of painting skills. To properly prepare the solution, the mixture is diluted according to the instructions.

1. Brick walls are cleaned, protruding parts are removed. The surface is primed with a penetrating compound.
2. A plaster mesh and beacons are attached to create a common plane.
3. The prepared solution is applied to the walls. The layer thickness depends on climatic conditions, but it should not exceed 5 cm.
4. On the finished surface, you can create a different decorative texture.

The considered heaters can be used in any region, the thickness of effective thermal insulation is calculated according to local climatic characteristics.

Content

Brick - classical material for the construction of a house, designed for many decades of operation. The thermal conductivity of brick walls depends on its thickness - the number of rows of masonry. If a wall in a brick house freezes in the very first winter after construction, this means that the construction technology has been violated or the thickness of the enclosing structures is insufficient. In this case, it is required to solve the issue of thermal insulation of the external walls of the building. Priority should be given to external insulation, but its installation is not always possible. Consider how to insulate a brick house from the inside, what materials it is preferable to use and how to properly perform the installation of thermal insulation.

How is the insulation of the internal brick walls of the house made? Features of the thermal insulation of the walls

Human life is associated with a large release of heat and moisture. Bodies radiate heat Appliances. Moisture is released during breathing, in the process of cooking, using water for hygiene procedures, washing dishes, watering flowers. And the warmer the air, the better it retains moisture.

If the walls are not sufficiently insulated, condensation will form on them when the heated moist air cools. It will provoke the development of the fungus, and on the surface of the walls and ceiling will appear dark spots. Fungus spores are harmful to human health - they enter the respiratory system, causing asthma attacks or allergic reaction. In addition, mold has a destructive effect on the materials from which the walls are built, irreparably spoiling the finish.

Before insulating the walls of a brick house from the inside, it is advisable to figure out how this will affect the operating conditions of the external walls and the microclimate in the room.

Where to place the heater?

Insulation of buildings should be carried out correctly with outer side, otherwise moisture condensation from steam cannot be avoided upon contact warm air with a cold front (dew point). Consider three types of brick walls:

• There is no heater. The dew point is located in the thickness of the wall, so it accumulates moisture in the winter months, dampens and collapses over time.
• The insulating layer is located on the side of the room. The wall freezes through, due to which the dew point shifts towards the room, to the inner surface of the building envelope. Because of this, moisture condenses between the heat insulator and the wall. To avoid dampening of the wall, it is necessary to provide effective ventilation premises.
• The insulation layer is laid from the side of the street. The wall does not freeze, so it remains dry and releases steam freely to the outside. It is important that a ventilation gap be provided between the insulation layer and the brickwork to remove moisture coming from the room.

Internal instead of external

Obviously, the insulation of a brick house from the inside is not the best solution. However, you have to resort to it if:

• The building is an architectural monument, and it is forbidden to make changes to appearance facade.
• Freeze the walls of the apartment in high-rise building. According to current regulations, it is impossible to arbitrarily mount structures that change the appearance of the building.
• The buildings are located close to each other, which makes it impossible to carry out work on external insulation walls.
• The exterior masonry of the house is made of expensive facing brick and it’s a pity to close it with a new finish, but to lay a new outer layer of decorative brick after the installation of thermal insulation, additional serious financial investments are required.

The disadvantages of insulating internal walls include a decrease in the space of the room due to the fastening of the insulation and the base for finishing. The thickness of the heat-insulating "pie" is usually at least 10 cm.

When installing a heat insulator inside the house, it is important to take into account that the insulation of the inner surfaces of the walls threatens condensation, which should not be allowed.

Vapor permeability

In order to breathe well in the living room and the air is not excessively waterlogged, it is necessary high-quality ventilation. It is easy to breathe in buildings with brick walls, as the material is vapor-permeable due to the porous structure. And so that excess moisture does not condense under a layer of insulation on the wall, but freely leaves the room, it is required to observe important rule- the vapor permeability should increase towards the outside, i.e. to the street.

This means that when insulating brick walls from the inside, you cannot use materials that pass steam better than the brick itself. Otherwise, this will lead to condensation on the structures. That is, sheathing a freezing wall with drywall will provoke a constant dampening of structures in the cold season.

Material selection criteria

In the process of choosing how to insulate a brick wall from the inside, it is important to take into account the thermal insulation parameters of the material, as well as its vapor permeability. To protect freezing brick walls from contact with steam, choose one of three options:

• Use a polymer heat insulator that does not allow steam to pass through. Extruded polystyrene foam, polystyrene will help to insulate the walls from the inside high density(loose material is vapor permeable), penofol, sprayed polyurethane foam.
• Carry out the laying of mineral wool insulation (as well as loose foam) using high-quality hydro and vapor barrier. The fibrous heat insulator passes steam and tends to accumulate moisture. Basalt wool does not collapse under the influence of water, but its insulating properties deteriorate sharply.
• A thick layer of heat-insulating plaster is applied to the enclosing structures.

When deciding how best to insulate your brick house, consider the method of installing a heat insulator. In almost all cases, you can do the insulation from the inside with your own hands. The exception is the spraying of polyurethane foam, since the work requires the use of special equipment.

Material properties and mounting technology

Let's figure out which insulation is better for the walls of a brick house, taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of each option, as well as the installation features of popular materials.

Note! The thickness of the heat-insulating layer is calculated individually, taking into account the heat loss of the house and the heat-insulating properties of the selected material!

Mineral wool

Internal insulation of brick walls mineral wool boards has a certain specificity due to the vapor-permeable structure of the material. The heat insulator is required to be closed on both sides with a vapor barrier film, ensuring tightness in order to prevent heated moist air from contacting the building envelope.

Work progress:

• a vapor barrier film is attached to the wall (with an overlap on the adjacent planes of the walls, floor and ceiling), joints roll material securely glued with adhesive tape;
• a vertical crate is mounted in increments slightly less than the width of the heat insulator, the depth of the cells must correspond to the thickness of the insulation;
• mineral wool boards are inserted into the cells;
• fastened on top vapor barrier material with hermetically sealed butt joints;
• a counter-lattice is stuffed for fastening the skin from chipboard sheets, drywall or other materials.

Extruded polystyrene foam

Advantages modern material- in excellent thermal insulation properties, lightness and strength. Extruded polystyrene foam is fire resistant. It is possible to insulate structures with this material by analogy with mineral wool, but the crate contributes to the formation of cold bridges, which lead to the formation of condensation zones.

• the surface is cleaned, leveled with a thin layer of plaster and primed;
• foamed polymer plates are glued to the wall using mounting foam or foam adhesive - the elements are placed with a half-width shift to avoid long vertical seams;
• the joints are filled with mounting foam, after hardening, the excess is cut off.

The best option after these works may be gluing a reinforcing mesh and plastering the surface for painting or wallpapering. It is also possible to attach sections of a metal profile about 10 cm long with the help of dowels "fungi", on which drywall is then sewn. But the use of "fungi" violates the integrity of the heat-insulating layer.

Styrofoam

The advantage of polystyrene is its low cost, in all other respects it is significantly inferior to extruded polystyrene foam. The main drawback of the material is flammability with the release of toxic substances. As a heat insulator, you can use foam with a density of at least 35 kg / m 3. To insulate the walls of a brick house from the inside, a high-density material (about 50 kg / m 3) can be mounted using extruded polystyrene foam fastening technology, and more loose, permeable steam can be used as mineral wool. In this case, the joints between the elements of thermal insulation and the crate are sealed with mounting foam.

Penofol

The foamed polyethylene heat insulator can be foil coated on one side or on both sides. The material is characterized by a small thickness with high heat-insulating properties. Penofol 4 mm thick can replace mineral wool 80 mm thick. At the same time, it is often used together with mineral wool boards to increase thermal insulation properties"pie", while reducing its thickness. In this case, it is attached instead of a vapor barrier film after laying the heat insulator into the crate.

It is possible to make thermal insulation of walls and partitions from one penofol. Laths with a thickness of 20 mm or more are stuffed onto the walls to create an air gap. With the help of brackets, horizontal strips of penofol are mounted with a foil layer to the room, gluing the joints with aluminum tape. Then a counter-lattice is stuffed for wall cladding for finishing. The foil layer reflects heat radiation, contributing to the preservation of heat in the house.

Spray foam

Sprayed polyurethane foam will help to make a warm wall without cold bridges. The foamed polymer is applied in an even layer on the prepared surface using special equipment. If the calculated layer thickness exceeds 3–4 cm, it is recommended to mount a formwork crate, which will serve as the basis for attaching the cladding for finishing. The disadvantage of the material is the high cost of work.

Plaster

Wall plastering - classic way insulation. it a good option if you do not want to turn the room into a sealed box with artificial ventilation, since the plaster layer is "breathable", like the brick wall itself. The disadvantages include the duration and laboriousness of "wet" work - it will be necessary to plaster in several layers in order to achieve the required thickness of thermal protection.

Conclusion

Knowing how to insulate a brick wall from the inside, using different kinds materials, their advantages and disadvantages, it is easier to choose suitable option. If you plan to do the whole range of work with your own hands, you must follow the instructions, because a violation of technology threatens with serious consequences in the form of mold on the walls and the gradual destruction of brickwork. We must not forget that internal insulation requires arrangement supply and exhaust ventilation which will remove excess moisture.

Competent insulation of a brick house from the inside with your own hands is a task to be solved after the walls have been erected. Understanding theoretical foundations process is the key to its success. Assembled for long years an experience similar works allowed the masters to deduce two principles. They should be guided when working with heaters and related materials.

In a residential building, the vapor permeability of the walls should increase in the direction of the street. main reason lies and different humidity in winter inside the house and outside. The reasons for high humidity in the house are as follows:

1. The house is inhabited by people who breathe, cook, wash floors and dishes, and do laundry. All these habitual operations make the air more humid. And when closed windows air exchange is difficult and is carried out only by the forces of the ventilation system.
2. From the course of physics, we know that heated air is able to hold large quantity moisture compared to cool. For this reason, condensation occurs from the "excess" moisture during the cooling of the air. Sweating windows and dampness in the corners of the building are a practical example of this.
3. But water vapor leaves the house not only through ventilation, but also through the pores of the wall. If the wall outside is more permeable to steam, then it can easily pass through it. Otherwise, having met an obstacle, water vapor begins to condense right in the wall, which leads to its dampening.

Insulation location

If you follow the instructions of professionals, then it is correct to insulate buildings from the outside of the wall. The reason for this is the location of the dew point (where steam condenses from the air):

1. house without insulation. The dew point will be located in the thickness of the brick wall, which will dampen and begin to collapse.
2. Warming inside the house. The dew point will move to the inner surface of the brick wall. Approximately between a heater and a brick. The consequence of this decision is a feeling of dampness, the appearance of mold and puddles of condensed moisture on the floor of the room.
3. Insulation of the building from the outside. In this case, the wall of the brick house will be completely warm and the steam will go out into the street through it without any obstacles, without making it wet.
4. Silicate solid brick is more hydrophobic than red. Walls out white brick should be protected from being hit precipitation large roof overhangs. It is important to ensure that water vapor escapes from the inside of the room.

The real state of affairs

The reality is that not in all cases it is possible to carry out work according to the textbook. AT individual cases insulation of the house from the outside cannot be carried out:

1. The building is an architectural monument. The facade must be left intact.
2. The upper floors of a brick house in the absence of the ability to work at high altitude.
3. The distance between the houses is too small, which does not allow to carry out work on their insulation from the outside.

Consider actions in a situation where insulation outside the building is impossible. How to insulate the walls of a brick house from the inside with your own hands?

The main problem that the residents of the house will face is condensation in unwanted places with all the consequences. To protect yourself from this trouble, you need to hermetically isolate the walls with insulation from the rest of the room.

There are two ways to do this task yourself:

1. When choosing a heater, it is worth giving preference to a material with a very low permeability to water vapor. Of the common options, penofol and extruded polystyrene foam can be distinguished. The side with the foam foil and the compacted surface of the expanded polystyrene should look inside the room. Only in this way will it be possible to avoid the absorption of steam by the insulation.
2. If mineral or basalt insulation, then you can protect them with a vapor barrier. However, sealing should be done with great care: no possibility of steam contact with insulation or wall can be left. The film is attached with an overlap, and the seam is glued.

Insulation with extruded polystyrene foam

This material has a very high density. With a thickness of 2 to 4 cm, it allows you to stick it directly on the walls. The side of the insulation that looks inside the room can be further exposed to fine finish(wallpaper, decorative plaster And so on).

However brick bath or the sauna cannot be insulated from the inside: with high temperature Styrofoam emits substances hazardous to health.

The walls of a brick house should first be properly prepared: leveled and treated with an antiseptic primer. It will protect the wall from mold. It is better to fix the insulation on glue for tiles or polystyrene. Rolling on the material with a roller with needles will help to improve the degree of adhesion to the glue. It is more convenient to apply glue with a notched trowel. Insulation plates are applied to the wall with minimal gaps. Vertical seams different rows should not match.

It is not worth using dish-shaped dowels (which are appropriate for external insulation) for fixing polystyrene foam, because they produce through holes through which the vapor can overcome the created barrier. When the glue dries, the seams between the plates are sealed. silicone sealant. The purpose of this is one - absolute tightness.

Above it is already possible to glue wallpaper on PVA glue diluted with water. And if you stick a fiberglass mesh on the same glue, then decorative plaster can be applied on it.

Styrofoam and mineral wool

It is possible to insulate the brick walls of the house from the inside with your own hands with the help of more available materials, which pass steam well and have a low density. They are mounted on the wall using a frame made of bar. Its thickness should be selected equal to the thickness of the heat-insulating material, and the distance should be one centimeter less than the width of the plate.

The resulting crate is filled with insulation boards by surprise. In foam, it is desirable to fill the existing gaps with mounting foam. A vapor barrier is pulled over the finished structure. A good alternative to film is penofol a few millimeters thick. The film is fastened with a construction stapler, all joints are overlapped, and the seams are glued with special adhesive tape. They do it according to the crate decorative wall from a wooden pile, wall panels or drywall.

The issue of warming the bath with your own hands has already been touched upon. good decision will make it with mineral wool, and provide protection from steam with thick foil. All seams are sealed with aluminum tape. On top of this cake, a lining made of linden is attached.

Warming in other ways

To insulate the walls of a brick house from the inside with plaster is the most budgetary and longest way. This is due to the fact that it should be applied in several layers and a reinforcing mesh should be fixed. But the use of sprayed polystyrene foam is an expensive option, requiring special equipment and skills. Foam is sprayed into the space between wooden blocks or metal guides. finishing produce similarly to the above methods for these bars.

Engage in the insulation of a brick house from the inside, the masters are not advised. But to do it yourself without dire consequences is real.