PVA glue It has the appearance of a thick, creamy mixture with a slight smell of vinyl alcohol. In fact, this is a dispersion of PVAD (polyvinyl acetate in water), plasticizers and various additives. We can say with confidence that PVA glue, the composition of which has such ingredients, is not poisonous and completely harmless to the skin. And all additives are environmentally friendly. The main characteristics are:
- Excellent adhesive power (from 400 to 550 N/m).
- Complete fire and explosion safety.
- Moisture resistance and moisture resistance.
- Non-toxic and can be used even on playgrounds.
- Dries with minimal shrinkage and fills all gaps.
- Forms a thin transparent film and, moreover, very durable.
- Solubility in many solvents, therefore, the scope of its application is expanding.
- Low cost and, as a result, availability for many consumers.
In addition, it is worth saying that it is also used as an aid in priming and puttying. PVA glue, the use of which is intended for a primer, perfectly fastens the surface and increases its adhesion.
Types of PVA glue
As already mentioned, this mixture can be used to connect almost any surface. It is used both by schoolchildren in clerical work and by builders for wallpapering, priming, joining parts, etc. Let us consider in more detail each type of this composition.
- Household PVA glue (or wallpaper) It is used in those cases when wallpapering on a paper, vinyl basis is carried out. It is applied to the wooden, concrete plastered bases.
- PVA glue super (M) acceptable in much larger areas than household. With its help, not only all types of wallpaper are applied, but also facing tiles, linoleum. They also glue fabric, leather, porcelain, DVM, chipboard, MDF.
- PVA glue universal used in cases where you need to connect the combined surfaces. Suitable for leather, paper, cardboard, metal, glass, wood, carpet, linoleum, sickle, facing tiles.
- Construction PVA glue includes various types of mixture used in construction. For example, joinery is used for wooden bases and furniture. There is also parquet glue designed specifically for parquet. Especially popular is PVA dispersion (the basis for PVA), which is added to various building mixtures.
- PVA glue stationery - for clerical work when connecting paper, cardboard, photographic paper. It is often bought by schoolchildren.
Mode of application
Before application, it is important to carefully treat the surface. To do this, dirt and dust are removed from it. The base must be dry and clean (humidity not more than 4%). If the mixture is supposed to be applied to smooth walls, then they need to be sanded (for better adhesion). If, on the contrary, gluing on rough foam concrete, foam gypsum will be carried out, then it must first be primed.
Next, dilute the mixture according to the recipe indicated on the package. For fiberboard and plywood, glue without thinner can be used. For other bases, the required ratio is always indicated. When applying the mixture to the wallpaper, a roller or brush is usually used. Cloths are tightly attached to the walls and smoothed with a dry cloth.
When applying the composition to the floor, it is convenient to use a spatula with wide teeth. And the layer thickness should be about 0.8 mm for linoleum, 3 mm for ceramic tiles and 0.7 mm for pile carpets. If it is supposed to connect wooden structures, cardboard, then it is important to apply a thin layer and press for about 1 minute, and then leave it under the load. Depending on the thickness of the layer, the drying time may vary.
Hearing the mention of the word "glue", as a rule, the first thing that comes to mind is the idea of \u200b\u200bPVA. It is this type of glue that has become the real symbol of this word, it has become for many a universal and indispensable type of adhesive - it is used both by schoolchildren and children to make crafts, and by carpenters, masons and other builders, for use in their field. The secret of the popularity of this glue is very simple - it is quite simple to use, very affordable, and also has no toxic emissions. And all this is because the composition of this substance consists of polyvinyl acetate, as well as an aqueous dispersion.
In this article, we will consider in detail the properties and composition, technical characteristics and other parameters of PVA glue. After reading this article, you will know everything about this legendary adhesive.
Composition of PVA
Back in 1912, for the first time, the German scientist F. Klatt obtained a substance - polyvinyl acetate, and a few years later, another German entrepreneur picked up the idea of \u200b\u200bthe substance, starting the production of PVA glue on a large scale. In fact, PVA glue is already over 100 years old, and even today, this type of glue remains one of the most popular and common.
But, back to the substance that is part of PVA. Polyvinyl acetate is present in the composition of the adhesive, in an amount of 95%. To get it, you need to mix in strictly specified quantities, substances such as vinalone and synthetic fiber based on the so-called polyvinyl alcohol. But the dispersion is obtained based on the purpose for which it is needed. So, it may consist of plasticizers, which will provide plasticity, as well as frost resistance to the film of dried glue. Also, this may include substances such as:
- d isobutyl phthalate;
- t ricresyl phosphate;
- E DOS and other chemicals.
Specifications PVA
Among the technical characteristics of PVA glue, the following features should be highlighted:
- uh then the low consumption of glue, which, of course, depends on the work, but in general it is equal to about 100-900 g of glue per 1 sq.m. surfaces;
- to the casting ability of PVA is about 450 N/m;
- in The time of complete drying of PVA is up to 24 hours (depending on the surface area and volumes of glue);
- With shelf life of PVA glue, about 6 months (may be different, depending on additional components).
The dispersion of PVA glue is absolutely explosion-proof and also fireproof, so the use of this chemical is safe. However, when using PVA glue based on plasticizers, a small amount of acetic acid and other chemical elements can be released into the air.
The use of PVA in everyday life
Today, PVA is used very widely - for example, it is used in a wide variety of fields of activity. If we take repairs or construction, then PVA is used as a means for pasting walls with wallpaper, as well as for laying ceramic tiles. Not infrequently, PVA glue is used for gluing wooden surfaces, so it is used both in carpentry and in construction. Of course, it is worth remembering that PVA is used in circles, in labor lessons and other extracurricular education classes - in this area, it is, in fact, the only glue used for this (a little less, superglue is used).
Well, if we put together the entire spectrum of the use of PVA glue, we get the following picture:
- to Lei PVA is used as wallpaper glue, which is used for washable and paper wallpapers with various surfaces;
- at universal PVA, which is used for gluing wooden and cardboard surfaces, leather products, as well as being part of putties or primers;
- toPVA lei, which is used for the installation of floor coverings, as well as facing surfaces with ceramic tiles;
- tostationery PVA, which is used for gluing cardboard and paper, photographs and other items;
- With carpentry PVA glue, which has high adhesion to wood materials, such glue is very waterproof;
- G homopolymer dispersion of PVA glue, which has a very high setting strength and is used in the porcelain and glass industries;
- P VA adhesive, which is used during the installation of parquet or laminate.
Construction adhesive PVA
Among the above types of PVA glue, building glue is really worthy of detailed attention. It is used by both professionals and novice builders and craftsmen. Using this adhesive, the main and mandatory rule is to degrease the surface before applying the adhesive. In addition, it is also better to pre-clean the surface of objects from dust and other particles that may interfere with bonding.
This adhesive is applied with a roller or with a notched trowel, not with a brush. After gluing the two surfaces, they must be very strongly pressed together, for up to 2-3 minutes. This, in turn, will provide very good adhesion, and further bonding quality.
Among the advantages of this type of PVA glue, it is worth noting the affordable price and environmental friendliness. This glue is non-toxic, so when using it, there are no restrictions on the presence of a worker in the same room with the glue, and any other restrictions. It is for this reason that this glue is so popular among the population. Note that today there is not even a need to invent other types of building adhesives, since PVA copes very well with this task, plus everything, it tends to improve, which can be done if necessary.
Tips for working with PVA construction adhesive
So, if you decide to use building PVA for wallpapering the surface of walls, for example, you should know how to apply glue correctly. As already mentioned earlier, the glue must be applied with a roller or with a notched trowel, but if you do not have either one or the other, you can also use a brush, however, in this case, the work will be somewhat inconvenient.
Also, you should know that the glue mixture is correctly applied in the direction from the center to the edges of the wallpaper, and not vice versa (although everyone does it differently). To increase the adhesive bond, the surfaces can be pressed not for a short time with strong pressure, but with long pressure and low force. Here, you need to proceed from how much time you have for this. To get rid of the resulting air bubbles, you need to smooth the wallpaper with a roller or a dry piece of cloth. Even better, if you do this through a paper sheet - then the bubbles will come out much faster, and new ones will not form.
PVA glue can be safely called the most popular and versatile adhesive. It is used by tilers, carpenters, painters, schoolchildren, office workers. This is a real find for gluing for domestic and industrial purposes. We offer you to get to know this material better, to learn more about its properties, types and applications.
Glue characteristics - what does it owe its versatility to?
In 1912, polyvinyl acetate was first obtained. Its creator was the German scientist Fritz Klatt. A couple of years later, the development of the scientist became widespread and began to be produced for commercial purposes. Today, the production of PVA glue per year is more than 1,000,000 tons, without which it is difficult to imagine the life of a master and an ordinary person.
Deciphering PVA glue - polyvinyl acetate. This is the main active ingredient that is part of the adhesive. In addition to it, the glue includes other additives that give plasticity. Thanks to plasticizers and polyvinyl acetate, the adhesive joint is elastic and does not deform when bent, as is often the case with other adhesives. The appearance of the adhesive is a thick, creamy mass with a pungent smell of vinyl alcohol. And this is not surprising, because if you delve into the composition of the adhesive in more detail, then this is a solution of polyvinyl acetate in water, plasticizers and special additives. Universal PVA glue has the following characteristics:
- the elasticity of the glue line is comparable to paper;
- adhesive seam resistant to frost and folds;
- a high degree of adhesion (adhesion) and fixation of the material, inherent in more expensive adhesives;
- the composition of the adhesive does not include toxic additives, so it can be used both outside and inside the building;
- explosion and fire safe;
- soluble in organic acids;
- used in rooms with high humidity up to 80%;
Varieties of glue - what to use for domestic and industrial purposes?
PVA glue has found its application in various fields of activity. Tiling, wallpapering, gluing plastics, cardboard, paper, plywood, use as an additive in the glass industry. To get the maximum result when fixing certain materials, we will analyze in more detail the varieties of this universal fixative.
Let's start with the simplest - PVA clerical glue. This glue is well known to schoolchildren, students and their parents, because it is used for gluing standard things that are used in everyday life: cardboard, paper, photographs. Stationery glue is absolutely safe, does not cause allergic reactions when it comes into contact with the skin, so even children work with it. Among the shortcomings of personalized PVA clerical glue, low resistance to moisture and negative temperatures can be distinguished.
For industrial purposes and repair work, PVA construction glue is used. The list of basic materials that this composition can fix among themselves includes: paper, vinyl and fiberglass surfaces. The technical characteristics of the building adhesive allow it to be used as an additive that increases the adhesion of building mixtures (putties, plasters, primers).
Separately, specialized building fixatives are distinguished, for example, PVA carpentry glue. It is widely used by carpenters to work with wood, has increased moisture resistance.
Glue PVA-M super is intended for work with vapor-permeable materials. Thanks to this composition, the adhesive seam is as strong as possible, and its application does not require compliance with certain rules. Craftsmen use this adhesive to work with ceramic tiles, fixing flooring joints, leather products, porcelain, fiberboard (chipboard), plywood, glass and wood. Glue PVA-M super has increased frost resistance -40°C.
To quickly fix laminate and parquet boards together, we recommend using Moment PVA glue. It is enough to press the fixed parts of the material together, and the glue immediately seizes.
PVA dispersion is an additive to mortars that are used in the printing, footwear, textile and glass industries, as well as in the production of packaging, household chemicals and paint and varnish products. The reason for adding dispersion is to increase the adhesion and strength of the product. PVA glue is also used as a basis for the production of wallpaper glue, which fixes the paper-based finishing material to various surfaces (concrete, plaster, wood, cement).
And if you are at a loss which composition is suitable for your material, then it is better to stop at the universal PVA glue. It has a wide spectrum of action, which allows you to:
- stick the fabric to a wooden, metal, glass surface;
- use as an additive for putties, primers and water-based cement mixtures;
- fix the floor covering (carpet, linoleum, tile);
- glue synthetic materials on a paper base, cork, vinyl;
- fix sheets of chipboard, fiberboard, MDF, decorative plastic.
Features of applying the composition and surface preparation
Before applying PVA glue to the surface, it should be thoroughly degreased, dust and dirt removed. Foreign particles and traces of adhesive materials will interfere with adhesion to the surface, and maximum adhesion will not be achieved. In addition to cleanliness, also make sure that the surface is dry. If you apply PVA glue on a flat and smooth surface, sand it with fine-grained sandpaper or a grater. Rough foam gypsum or foam concrete is pre-primed.
We breed concentrated PVA glue according to the instructions, and also take into account the peculiarity of the materials that we will fix. For example, for fastening sheets of fiberboard and plywood, glue can not be diluted, but for other surfaces, the proportions are always different, indicated by the manufacturer. When applying glue to the wallpaper, carefully level the canvas on the wall with a dry cloth so that bubbles do not form on the surface.
When working with flooring, we use a notched trowel. It is convenient for them to level the adhesive composition, distributing it in an even layer and removing excess. When joining wood, cardboard and other cellulose materials, we coat the joints with a thin layer, press them together for 1 minute, and then put them under the load. Acting according to this scheme, we get the connection as strong as possible. The drying time of polyvinyl acetate adhesive depends on the thickness of the application, however, complete polymerization occurs in a day.
Ease of use, reliability, affordable price - all these properties make PVA glue one of the most popular substances in the world. Glue is considered universal, it will come in handy while studying at school, and in the process of repairing an apartment. What is this remedy?
What is PVA made of?
The history of glue goes back a century. It was invented in 1912 in Germany. A few years later, it began to be released commercially. Today, its production exceeds one million tons. The name stands for polyvinyl acetate glue. It is this substance, polyvinyl acetate, that is active. It is obtained from a special synthetic fiber based on polyvinyl alcohol - vinalone. It makes up 95% of the product. In addition, the composition includes various additives that increase plasticity, stability, adhesion strength.
Specifications
PVA glue is valued for its technical characteristics and ease of use with the composition.
- The glue seam differs in high plasticity. Paper that has been glued with PVA can be kinked, while many products used to glue various surfaces crystallize and break when you try to bend the sheet.
- High adhesive power, according to GOST - 450 N / m. PVA has been competing with more expensive products for a long time.
- The composition of the glue does not contain toxic substances, so even children can use it. In case of contact with the skin, there will be no negative reaction, the product should simply be washed off.
- PVA does not burn and does not explode, no matter what is done with it.
- The agent can be dissolved in organic acids. If it is completely frozen, then it is impossible to make it suitable for use: it has lost its adhesive properties.
- A thin layer of the substance is invisible to the eye, so crafts made using PVA look very neat.
- It is not recommended to use the product if the humidity in the room is more than 80%.
- The time required for complete drying is a day.
- Frost resistance - at least 4 cycles.
- The average storage time is six months.
Varieties
PVA glue is distinguished by its remarkable qualities, which have created a positive reputation for it. But when using it, you need to remember that there are different types of this tool. For example, stationery glue will not take wood. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account the planned work and buy the appropriate product variant.
- Household (wallpaper). Designed to work with paper and paper wallpaper, which must be glued to a particular surface - plastered, wood, cement. It has a white color, which may contain yellowness. If the remedy is old, then the yellow becomes more pronounced. The smell is not strong. If, when you press the tube, only a certain amount of yellow or clear liquid is poured out, then the product has lost its qualities. The packaging should be discarded.
- Clerical. It is used to glue paper and cardboard. It has a fairly liquid consistency, white or beige color. It has low resistance to moisture and frost.
- Universal (MB). A viscous substance of white color, sometimes with a yellowish tint. Adheres well to slippery surfaces. Most often it is used when working with paper, glass, leather. Its technical characteristics allow gluing even some floor and wall coverings.
- "Super M". Its use makes sense if there is a need to glue vapor-permeable materials, maintaining the high quality of the seam, and there are no special requirements for gluing technology. This type of PVA can be used when installing flooring and ceramic tiles. It can be used to connect fabric, leather, glass, porcelain. The tool is frost-resistant.
- D3. Effective when working with wood and plywood.
- Building. In its pure form, it is rarely used, except for gluing certain types of wallpaper. More often it is added to mortars for laying bricks and some other materials in order to improve their quality.
It is worth knowing that frost resistance is not characteristic of the substance itself, but of the glue line. PVA glue is made on a water basis, so it will simply freeze in the cold. After thawing, it can no longer be used, as it loses its qualities. Therefore, in the cold season, it makes sense to work indoors.
What to dilute?
If the product has thickened, then you can dilute it with water, pouring it in a little and stirring constantly to make the mass homogeneous. But this applies only to household and stationery glue, water resistance will be partially lost. But for "Super M" and universal glue it is worth taking an organic solvent.
PVA building emulsion will not lose its qualities when diluted with water. To prepare the primer, it is diluted with twice as much water. Surfaces are treated with a solution to increase adhesion.
Application, how long to dry
Working with PVA is quite simple. The instruction will tell you what this or that type of product is gluing, how to use it. Application of wallpaper adhesive or D3 for wood surfaces may vary slightly. Often problems occur when working with paper surfaces. It is necessary to remember a simple rule: the substance is applied to the surface that absorbs it more slowly, that is, less porous.
If the product is applied to thin wallpaper, then one layer is enough. For dense materials, you need two.
When the glue needs to be applied pointwise, a special nozzle is used. If not, then a syringe without a needle or an ordinary pipette will do. They will come in handy more than once, only after use it is necessary to wash them thoroughly with water. If the application surface is large, then you need to take a roller, brush or sponge. Apply the substance should be, starting from the center and gradually moving to the edges. You need to act quickly, as the drying speed is faster on paper than on wood and other surfaces.
To get rid of air bubbles, you can attach a sheet of paper to the surface and smooth out irregularities through it with a roller or just by hand. When possible, it is recommended to hold the glued things under pressure for reliability. It is worth noting that when gluing paper, it is better to take the so-called "archival" PVA glue. It is acid-free, so the paper will not turn yellow after a few years.
PVA glue usually dries naturally in a day. But sometimes the question arises of how to quickly dry a product made with it. In such cases, heat must be used. For example, put a thing near the battery or blow on it with a hairdryer. You can even put it in the microwave, but only if there are no metal parts.
PVA for wallpaper
If we are talking about wallpapering, then the surface must be prepared in advance. It must be washed to get rid of dirt and dust. Before applying the substance, it must dry; the composition is not applied to a damp wall. Smooth walls are puttied, and rough walls are primed.
It is necessary to study the instructions on the package to find out if the product needs to be diluted. For plywood and chipboard, it is usually used in its pure form. The substance is applied to the wallpaper with a brush or roller, then attached to the walls and smoothed with a dry cloth.
So, PVA is a waterproof and frost-resistant glue, which, thanks to its qualities, has gained recognition all over the world. Although the decoding of its name is not known to everyone, very many have used it, because the tool is widely used in various fields.
Not a single finishing work is complete without a good adhesive composition. It must meet the requirements of quality, safety and ease of use. PVA construction adhesive is what you need for a variety of indoor repairs: wallpapering, installing parquet, ceramic tiles, etc. What does PVA consist of, what are its advantages and disadvantages, how to use the composition correctly for construction purposes? All answers are later in the article.
Description, composition
PVA glue is one of the most popular compositions for various purposes: construction, office, creativity, household. PVA comes in handy for the first time in childhood, as a rule, this is a clerical option. It is used for paper and cardboard crafts, appliqués, etc. The construction view is somewhat different from the clerical one and has certain advantages. Such a composition holds together a much greater variety of materials and has better adhesion.
Polyvinyl acetate, or PVA for short, is 95% of the adhesive of the same name. The remaining share is occupied by water, plasticizers, various solvents, fillers and thickeners. Stabilizing components give certain properties to the entire composition: water resistance (acetone), plasticity (glycerin), adhesion strength of surfaces (kaolin, chalk, talc), drying speed (glass, porcelain).
Advantages and disadvantages
PVA construction adhesive has good technical characteristics that allow it to be used for various purposes. Strengths of the material:
- Low consumption. Basically, the amount of glue used depends on the type of work, but the average consumption varies from 100 to 900 g per 1 sq.m.
- A good indicator of adhesive ability is 450-550 N/m.
- Dries quickly. On average, the complete curing of the adhesive takes no more than 12-24 hours, although the figure depends on the surface area, temperature and other factors.
- The composition is resistant to water.
- Does not break down under the action of sunlight.
- Frost-resistant, withstands up to 5-6 cycles of freezing and thawing.
- Dries with minimal shrinkage. Does not deform the product during drying.
- Fills gaps well.
- Non-toxic. It is allowed to work with the adhesive in any conditions, it is not necessary to ventilate the room, which is a huge plus for wallpapering. PVA is also safe if it comes into contact with the skin, just wash off the substance with warm water and soap.
- Affordable price. PVA is the cheapest among analogues.
- The basis of the adhesive is very stable, while working with different materials, the technical characteristics do not change.
- A popular product, always on sale in hardware stores.
- Sold in different capacities and volumes.
- Storage temperature - up to +50 degrees.
- It serves as a good basis for building mixtures (primers, fillers).
Advice! Can building PVA replace? The PVA dispersion, although it has much greater adhesion, is quite suitable for wood, paper, cardboard, textiles - suitable for crafts.
The disadvantages of the substance include the following properties:
- Short shelf life - from 6 months to 1 year. To prolong the composition, various inhibitors are sometimes added.
- It is a flammable substance, compliance with fire safety regulations is required.
- If the composition contains plasticizers, then the adhesive can release a small amount of chemicals (acetic acid) into the air.
- Leaves marks on surfaces, so requires careful work.
How it is applied
PVA glue is preferred by both neophytes and construction professionals. The substance in its pure form glues materials such as paper, cardboard, fabric, leather, porcelain, chipboard, glass, metal well. As an adhesive composition is used for the following repairs:
- installation of ceiling tiles;
- installation of ceramic floor tiles;
The use of PVA also extends to the creation of various mixtures, primarily their compaction:
- It is added to the cement mortar in order to increase waterproofing, adhesion to the surface, and plasticity of the composition. The standard proportion of PVA glue in the cement mortar is 5-10%.
- Stucco mortar will benefit from the inclusion of building adhesive. For preparation, cement and sand are mixed in a ratio of 1: 3, then water is added. After obtaining the desired consistency, PVA is introduced into the solution in an amount of 50 to 70 g per 10 liters. Plaster with glue lies better on the surface and sets faster.
Wallpapering on PVA
PVA building glue is suitable for wall decoration with some types of light wallpaper. Everyone who has dealt with repairs agrees that this option is best used only if there is no alternative. Why?
Disadvantages of PVA when installing wallpaper:
- the composition glues the canvas tightly, so that during subsequent repairs it will be difficult and long to tear off the wallpaper;
- for the same reason, it is almost impossible to correct the position of the strip during operation;
- sometimes, over time, yellowness begins to peep out from under the wallpaper.
What construction PVA is ideal for is gluing corners and edges that have come off, including after adjusting the joints.
How to glue wallpaper on PVA:
- Smooth walls must be covered with putty, rough walls with a primer.
- Glue must be diluted with water to enhance fluidity.
- The composition is applied to walls or wallpaper with a roller or notched trowel. It is quite inconvenient to work with a brush, especially on surfaces with a large area.
- Movements go from the center to the edge of the wallpaper.
- If bubbles form during gluing, they are carefully leveled with a dry, clean cloth or roller. It is even better to use a piece of paper: this way the bubbles will come out faster and new ones will not form.
- If glue gets on the front side of the wallpaper, you must immediately remove it with a slightly damp cloth or use anti-glue.
Construction PVA glue is maximally revealed from the best sides only if certain rules are observed:
- Glue is applied only on a surface previously cleaned of dust and dirt. It is also recommended to degrease it.
- The surface must be dry before applying the adhesive.
- It is recommended to spread the glue on only one surface, as applying it to both glued parts will only reduce the effectiveness of the glue.
- Usually the packaging indicates whether the material needs to be diluted and in what proportions. Construction glue in its pure form is rarely used, mainly for gluing some types of wallpaper.
- Thickness of the put layer - no more than 2 mm.
- Before use, it is recommended to mix the diluted adhesive thoroughly.
- Work with the composition is carried out at a temperature not lower than +10 degrees and relative humidity not higher than 80%.
- For bonding, it is usually advised to firmly press the surfaces and hold them for about 2-3 minutes. In fact, for the best result, it is necessary to fix objects with less force, but longer in time.
- It is not necessary to disturb the fastened surfaces during drying.
Glue based on polyvinyl acetate successfully performs its tasks. First of all, it is indispensable for mixing putty and cement compaction. Its composition is constantly being improved, thanks to its excellent technical characteristics, ease of use, availability and environmental friendliness, PVA construction adhesive leads the construction market.
