How to insulate walls in a panel house from the inside. How to insulate the wall of an apartment in a panel house from the inside. Features of cold wall insulation from the inside

If you have dealt with buying or selling apartments, then you have noticed that buyers are not very fond of corner apartments or rooms. What is it connected with? Although in summer such an apartment is much easier to ventilate, the view from the windows opens on two or even three sides.

But there is one significant downside. Very often, with the advent of frost, residents of corner apartments suffer from insufficient heat. If the outside temperature is around zero, and heating season has not yet begun, uncomfortable conditions are created inside such an apartment. Appears, the windows fog up, the floor becomes cold, and the bed is damp.

The main reason for this is the presence of three walls that have an exit to the outside and are therefore subject to the greatest influence low temperatures. In winter, even if central heating the situation is only getting worse.

Walls can freeze completely, especially in the corners, interior decoration starts to fall off, mold, fungus will appear. Being in such an apartment will not only be uncomfortable, but also not safe, especially for children. After all, they are most susceptible to the appearance of diseases, the cause of which is.

What to do in such a situation? Many try to establish additional radiators heating, but this, most often, does not solve the problem or solves, but not completely. Dampness is displaced under the ceiling, forming places where mold accumulates.

What is the right thing to do in such a situation? The best solution is that you need to try to insulate the walls. How can I do that? How to spend? We'll try to figure it out now. What is the best way to insulate the walls of the apartment from the inside? First, let's look at what exist.

Today, the market for thermal insulation materials is extensive, represented by various products. All of them are subdivided according to the place of their installation: outside the wall or inside the room.

Each of them has both minuses and pluses. When installing any of them, you must strictly follow the manufacturer's instructions.

When buying a heat insulator, you should pay attention to the following parameters:

heat conduction;
air permeability;
waterproofing properties;
environmental Safety;
fire resistance;
operating time.

Using quality material, you can easily insulate the corner. What is the best insulation for the walls inside the apartment? What is the best way to insulate walls from the inside?

mineral wool

This heat insulator is the most popular, it is made from basalt fiber. It has excellent thermal insulation properties, allows good ventilation air, but does not tolerate excessive moisture. This material has a high degree fire safety and does not highlight toxic substances when exposed to direct fire.

When installing mineral wool, special guides are used, and the installation process itself does not require much effort, since material is light and elastic. Is it possible to insulate walls with them? But over time, because of these qualities, it can lose its shape.

The environmental component is also ambiguous - the material emits a small amount of harmful gases. Some do not use it because of the significant weight received during the installation of the structure.

Styrofoam insulation

The name speaks of the process of its creation. That is, the material is created by foaming polystyrene under high pressure. The price of such material is quite affordable, it is easy to mount, install, which makes it a popular heat insulator.

It has good thermal insulation properties, it is environmentally friendly and safe. It can be used for both indoor and outdoor work. It is mounted on walls made of any material.

The process is quite simple and labor-intensive. The pluses include its huge service life. But of course there are downsides.

So, due to poor water permeability, on wooden walls condensation may accumulate, which leads to their destruction, and it is also flammable. Insulation of a concrete wall from the inside is excellently carried out using this material.

Extruded polystyrene foam

This material is the most popular insulation. It is flexible and easy to work with. The disadvantages include the difficulty in joining the sheets.

There is a material on sale in which the edge is made in the form of protrusions, which greatly facilitates installation work.

has good moisture resistance, it is light, easy to install.

Use of Styrofoam

This is an excellent material for insulating the walls of the apartment. It contains more than 95% gas, so it is an excellent heat insulator.

It is distinguished by low cost, excellent waterproofing, fire safety. Styrofoam is used at any temperature, being an environmentally friendly material.

The use of keramoizol

It's relative new material. It is sold in containers of various sizes, as it is liquid material. It has excellent thermal insulation properties. Keramoizol is a durable, waterproof and vapor-proof product.

During installation, several layers are applied, and for better thermal insulation- six. The layers are laid perpendicular to each other. This material has proven itself only with better side.Its only and main disadvantage is the high price.

Penoizol insulation

Thermal insulation material - penoizol is a type of polyurethane and is used in the form of foam. The advantage is quick installation material in a brick building., forming a layer of the required thickness of the heat insulator, there are no seams and joints.

Excellent heat-insulating and waterproofing properties, the material is non-flammable and environmentally friendly. But perhaps its main advantage is the low cost of work, almost two times less than when using conventional materials.

Using Astratek

Astratek is a suspension, solid particles are represented by various polymers. For application to the wall, use a spray gun or mount manually paint brush. Excellent insulation, just one centimeter of the layer is similar to fifty centimeters of mineral wool slab.

Doesn't pick up inner space rooms, forms a flat, homogeneous surface that requires minimal processing for cladding. The main deterrent to large-scale application is its high cost.

How to insulate the walls in the apartment from the inside? It's up to you to decide.

How to insulate walls in a panel and monolithic house?

How to insulate walls from the inside? How to insulate a concrete wall from the inside? How to do it right? To insulate the wall from the inside, consider step by step instructions insulation of walls and partitions in panel house from within.

Action algorithm:

First you need to prepare the walls. To do this, remove the furniture, clean the walls from finishing material to plaster. Therefore, this procedure should be combined with repair work in your apartment;
next to be done. It is best to use special polymers, but you can use the usual plastic wrap. It is applied directly to the walls, the bonding points of the strips are glued. To do this, use construction tape;
then we mount the crate, you can use both wooden and metal rails. In the first case, the tree must be treated with antiseptics and fire-fighting solutions. When installing the crate, the step size must be selected depending on the insulation so as not to form gaps and voids;
then we directly lay the heat insulator, that is, we insulate the walls. It should fit into the openings between the crate. Many materials are designed in such a way that when installed they straighten and fill the entire form, this significantly reduces installation time;
mounting . By installing it, we protect our insulation from wet steam, which is always present in the apartment. In no case should these measures be neglected, since moisture will begin to accumulate in the insulation. As a result, the product will lose its properties, and all your work will be lost.

The vapor barrier film is laid without gaps and gaps, joints and cracks are treated with sealants;

installation . It is necessary to choose a material suitable for installation in residential premises. When installing sheets, it is important to follow the instructions, and then you should do necessary procedures for installation of facing materials.

How to insulate the walls of the apartment from the inside? Insulate a corner apartment in a panel or monolithic house You can by following these six steps.

Installation of insulation on brick walls

How to insulate brick walls inside an apartment with your own hands? corner walls in brick house can be insulated using the same method as in the panel. Therefore, we will analyze the work of installing a material made of polystyrene.

Wall insulation in the apartment from the inside:

clean the walls down to the plaster. If it is missing, then it should be applied. After that, the walls must be leveled, cracks repaired and then treated with a primer;
you need to prepare the glue according to the manufacturer's recommendations and apply it to the walls that you will insulate. In the beginning, you can use a regular spatula. It is necessary to apply glue to them on the walls, then take a notched trowel and re-walk around the entire perimeter. This is done in order to create uneven surface glue. This contributes to better bonding of the insulation;
how to insulate a wall in a corner apartment from the inside? Next, we take sheets of heat insulator and begin to install them on the walls. First of all, the bottom row is laid. We tightly apply the polystyrene sheet and push it through, you can not use dowels or other fastening materials. When installing, we use a level and carefully join the edges so that cracks do not form, if necessary, cut the sheets. The next row is set so that the junction of the two sheets is in the middle bottom sheet. This will give great durability to the entire structure.

Watch the surface of the insulation so that unevenness does not form, because this will bring additional difficulties during the final finishing.

after you have installed the thermal insulation, you can proceed to finishing work. If you plan to cover the walls with drywall, then some additional work over the heater is not required. If you plan to cover it with a layer of plaster, putty, wallpaper, painting, then you need to treat it with a primer, then install a reinforcing fiber mesh. After that, you can start applying layers of plaster or putty.

By following these steps, you can insulate corner room from within.

Wall insulation using the "electric floor" method

How to insulate a wall in an apartment from the inside according to this method? Insulation of the apartment from the inside is carried out as follows. First of all, it is necessary to attach the "" sheets to the wall using fasteners.

After that, the sheets are connected to electrical network apartments. At the very hard frost turn on the system and warm up the walls until they are completely dry. After that, we lay the thermal insulation to prevent heat loss. Then you can start lining the walls.

So, if you decide to insulate the walls of a corner apartment, you need to choose the material, focusing on the type of walls and the price range of the heat insulator. Then it is important to consider the method of installation and subsequent cladding.

You should also pay attention to the following aspects:

installation of insulation reduces the volume of the room;
poor quality work can lead to mold;
for comfortable life ventilation must be installed.

By strictly adhering to the rules, you can insulate your apartment and create comfort in it. Warming the walls of the apartment from the inside is a fairly simple process.

And the inside (you can insulate the front, back, end wall) is carried out according to the instructions. insulated corner apartment- that's great, because you can enjoy the comfort.

Panel houses have never been famous for their warmth due to thin walls- both external and ceilings, therefore, the owners of the apartments carry out the insulation of the panel house from the outside at the slightest opportunity. The thermal insulation of concrete panels helps not only to make the apartment warmer in winter, but also to keep it cool in summer, so insulation panel houses it could be considered universal remedy to provide comfort in your home. You can carry out work on your own if your apartment is not higher than the second floor - otherwise you will have to turn to industrial climbers or high-altitude builders for help.

How to insulate panel walls from the outside

Thermal insulation of the outer surface of the walls of a panel house is a much more reliable measure than insulation from the inside, and there are reasons for this:

The dew point moves towards the insulation, not the wall, and the condensate does not linger in the concrete of the panel, which, in turn, does not cause mold. Also, in winter, condensate does not freeze and does not destroy the material of the walls from the inside;
Laying insulation on the inner surfaces of the walls reduces the usable area of the room;
Layer internal thermal insulation prevents full heating of the walls from heating appliances, which leads to the appearance of microcracks and mold, especially in corner rooms, which are affected by wind and temperature loads;
The condensate that will appear as a result of this on the walls of the apartment is a direct path to the destruction of concrete and the appearance of fungal diseases of the building materials of the panel;
From the inside, it is impossible to insulate the ceilings adjacent to the walls, and in fact they serve as an excellent place where "cold bridges" appear;

Thus, it is necessary and strongly recommended to insulate the walls of a panel house only from the outside: internal insulation are extreme measures. Insulation of the walls from the outside consists of the following working steps:

Preparation of building materials for insulation

First, choose a heater. The required materials are listed below. Demand is determined by the characteristics and cost of heaters:

Extruded polystyrene foam or polystyrene is the cheapest material (its price allows you to purchase sheets in any quantity), lightweight and retains heat well. The disadvantages that everyone knows about do not stop consumers from using foam: fire hazards and brittleness of the material. Both disadvantages are eliminated in one way - by protecting the insulation by plastering. Recommendations for use: wall insulation from the outside should be carried out with foam plastic with a density of ≥ 18 kg/m 3 ;
Mineral wool is a material more durable than XPS, absolutely environmentally friendly, non-combustible. Disadvantages: the price of this thermal insulation is higher, and when working with it, it is necessary to use PPE - gloves, goggles, a respirator, since contact with mineral wool microparticles on the skin or in the respiratory tract causes irritation. The recommended density of mineral wool is ≥ 85 kg/m 3 , the thickness of the roll (plate, mat) is ≥ 100 mm.

In addition, facade insulation will require the use of the following materials:

Construction adhesive for fastening insulation materials- dry or ready mix. For each type of insulation, it is recommended to use the appropriate adhesive, but there are also universal adhesives on sale;
Insulation for sealing joints between panels is polyurethane foam, less often liquid polyurethane foam;
Umbrella plastic dowels for fixing foam and mineral wool;
Priming fluids for pre-treatment walls;
Reinforcing fiberglass or metal fine mesh;
Perforated corner - metal galvanized or aluminum;
Decorative plaster for finishing;
Finishing paint.

The volume and quantity of building materials is calculated based on the insulated wall area plus a margin of 10-15%.

Preparatory work for the walls

First, all old coatings must be removed from the walls - whitewash, paint, plaster, ceramic tiles, and other materials;
The surface is cleaned of the remaining dirt and dust, if it is clean it is carried out with water - the surface is dried;
The interpanel seams are insulated. If the seam is too thin or shallow, it is better to expand it so that it does not increase itself during operation under the already applied layer of insulation;
The seams are also cleaned of dirt and moistened, after which they are poured with construction mounting foam or filled with putty on concrete;
After the putty or foam has hardened, the protruding material is cut off or knocked down.

Fastening thermal insulation materials to walls

For more economical use of the building adhesive mixture, it is preferable to buy it not ready-made, but dry. Such glue is prepared simply - it is closed with water in the proportion indicated in the instructions, and stirred with a construction mixer;
Apply the adhesive mixture to the foam or polyurethane foam with a notched trowel. It is assumed that you have already leveled the very uneven surface of the walls with plaster. If not, apply glue to the insulation board in lumps to evenly distribute the composition under the pressure that will appear when the sheets are glued to the wall;
Gluing plates or foam sheets should start from the corner of the wall and from the bottom up;
In practice, gluing plates and insulating the walls of a panel house from the outside is done by pressing the sheet against the wall, each sheet must be controlled using the building level;
The second sheet must be glued to opposite side walls, and pull a cord between the sheets, along which all other sheets of insulation will be aligned. To make it easier to observe the verticality and horizontality of the rows, perforated beacon corners can be installed on the wall. They are mounted on alabaster or plaster. This is how the first row of thermal insulation of a residential panel house is mounted;
The fastening scheme of the second and subsequent rows is the same, only the rows need to be shifted relative to each other in order to prevent the formation of "cold bridges" on long seams;
If you are insulating a corner room from the outside, then it is also necessary to ensure that the plates or sheets are tied along the edge of the corner, as shown in the figure below;
Further, all the plates are additionally reinforced with umbrella dowels - five pieces per sheet or plate (one in the center, the rest at the edges). At the same time, holes are drilled in the insulation plate and in the wall to the depth of the dowel length, the hardware is inserted and expansion pins are hammered into it until the dowel head sinks into the insulation by 1-2 mm. In addition to the indicated fastening scheme, the dowels must be placed at the corners between the joints of the thermal insulation boards;
slopes window openings are also insulated with polystyrene foam, only it is pre-cut to size with an ordinary knife or steel string.

Preparatory work before reinforcement

Before the panel house is finally insulated from the outside, the surface of the thermal insulation is reinforced with a fiberglass mesh. To do this, perform the following operations:

The insulated surface is leveled by plastering and rubbed with a grater. In this case, all dowel caps must be closed with a solution;
On the outside corners insulated surface and window slopes fastened perforated corner(aluminum or metal). It can be attached to the glue with which thermal insulation plates are glued, but in order not to wait a long time, it is better to take alabaster or gypsum;
The gaps between the sheets of thermal insulation are sealed with foam plastic scraps for mortar, or with mounting foam;
If all these works were carried out on top of a layer of plaster, the disturbed surfaces are plastered again. The result should be a smooth, seamless surface on which the fiberglass bonding plaster will be applied.

How to reinforce the surface of the insulation

The surface of the heat-insulating layer on the wall is reinforced as follows:

First, the mesh is attached to the slopes of the windows - mesh sections of the required size are cut, and 10-15 cm must be added to overlap the mesh on the insulated corner of the wall;
An adhesive solution 3-5 mm thick is applied to the slope, the mesh is pressed onto it, leveling and engrafting movements are made on the surface of the mesh with a spatula, as a result of which the mesh should be completely pressed into the glue. Make sure that the surface is even - without seams and sagging of the solution;
After the first layer of adhesive has dried, another layer is applied, which must also be carefully leveled with a spatula with a wide blade (300-800 mm);
After reinforcing the slopes, all walls with insulation are reinforced in the same way. The surface must be smooth to finishing layer plasters could be applied without problems.

Primer

Before painting the insulated and reinforced surface, it is treated with deep penetration primers:

Before use, the primer is shaken or mixed with a mixer in a separate container. Then it is poured into a pallet designed to work with a paint roller;
The roller is dipped into the pallet by 1/3 and rolled out on the inclined surface of the pallet, and then the wall is primed with it. Primer runs should be avoided.
The primer is applied in at least two layers.

Plastering

plastering decorative plaster– the process is quick and easy:

The dry mixture is closed with water and stirred according to the attached instructions;
With the help of a narrow roller, the plaster is collected on a spatula with a wide blade, it is spread from the spatula in a thin layer, which should be even. The thickness of the plaster is determined by the size of the aggregate grains in the dry mix. Usually it is 3-5 mm at flat surface walls;
After the initial hardening of the plaster (40-60 minutes), the layer is rubbed with a special board - small, to give the surface a patterned texture.

Painting the walls of a panel house

The last stage in the insulation of the walls of a panel house is painting the walls:

Acrylic paint is thoroughly mixed and tinted in a separate container in order to capture as much of the surface as possible with one portion of staining;
They work with paint in the same way as with a primer: the roller is dipped into the pallet, the finishing movements of the roller along the wall should be in one direction;
It is necessary to distribute the paint on the wall in a very thin layer so that there are no streaks and sags;
Where the roller does not reach, tint with a narrow paint brush;

The paint is applied in two or three layers, each subsequent layer is applied only after the previous one has dried.

Most of the constructed panel and brick houses did not provide for the insulation of facades. Concrete and brick have high density and low thermal insulation properties. The result is cold walls and uncomfortable temperatures. There are several ways to insulate from the inside, the main thing is to avoid the appearance of dampness.

Dew point - physics of the phenomenon

A cold wall is not the only drawback of panel or brick houses. Often dampness and accompanying fungus and mold appear on it. The best way to fight is to insulate the wall from the outside (this is also a requirement of SNiP), but this is not always possible. Therefore, you have to fight the cold wall, insulating it from the inside. But there are pitfalls here.

Even if the cold wall was previously dry, then when it is insulated from the inside, dampness may appear. And the so-called dew point will be to blame.

The dew point is a conditional boundary at which the temperature of water vapor becomes equal to the temperature of condensate formation. It manifests itself, naturally, in the cold season. With proper design of the house (taking into account the characteristics of the region), it is approximately in the middle of the thickness of the facade of a material of uniform density.

If insulation is carried out from the outside, then the dew point shifts in the direction of decreasing density (that is, to the outer surface of the wall). When insulating from the inside, it moves inward, and condensate may appear on the surface of the main wall or inside the insulation.

And in order to assess the scale of possible damage, it is enough to say that as a result of the life of one person, about 4 liters of water evaporate per day (cooking, wet cleaning, personal hygiene, washing, etc.).

Features of cold wall insulation from the inside

There are several ways to prevent condensation on a wall insulated from the inside:

Creation of a layer of heat-insulating material with a vapor permeability lower than that of the facade material.
Warming with materials with minimal water absorption.
Application of ventilated facade technology (taking into account internal placement).

Liquid thermal insulation

polyurethane foam

PPU insulation meets all requirements for vapor barrier, water absorption and the absence of seams. Therefore, even if there is a dew point inside the layer, it will remain “conditional”, since there is no condensation in vapor-tight materials. It turns out from the side of the room a completely sealed heat-insulating layer.

The environmental friendliness of PPU after curing meets the requirements for residential premises. Harmful fumes are present only when the components are mixed during the spraying process - after polymerization, the structure of the material remains stable.

Thermal insulation is applied between the crate and sewn up with moisture-resistant sheet materials(GKL, OSB or plywood). In fact, it is like a large prefabricated sandwich panel.

The disadvantage of this method is the use of special equipment.

liquid ceramics

This is a relatively young heat-insulating material, the action of which is based on the use of two principles - the creation of a thin layer with high resistance to heat transfer and the reflection of heat towards the radiation source.

Of course, a thin heat-insulating layer cannot provide good thermal insulation - this is an auxiliary, but a mandatory factor. Although it gives a fairly high effect - the wall becomes much "warmer" to the touch.

The main task of reducing heat loss is performed by microscopic ceramic spheres that reflect infrared radiation.

According to the manufacturers, the effect of a 1.5 mm layer can be compared with thermal insulation with 5 cm thick foam plastic or 6.5 cm mineral wool.

Application method is the same as for acrylic paint(basic is the same). After polymerization, a dense and durable film is formed on the surface, and latex additives improve the waterproofing properties.

Roll thermal insulation

Penofol

Penofol is a combination of polyethylene foam with aluminum foil. This is a whole series of materials (including single-sided, double-sided, laminated, with an adhesive layer). It can also be used in combination with other thermal insulation materials, as well as independently. By the way, penofol is popular for warming the bath from the inside, and there is much more steam there than in an ordinary residential area.

For warming cold wall use penofol with one layer of foil (one-sided) and up to 5 mm thick.

In the case, as with liquid ceramics, the effect is achieved due to the low thermal conductivity of foamed polyethylene, as well as its low vapor permeability and high reflective properties of the foil (up to 97%).

But unlike seamless coatings complete sealing and prevention of cold bridges cannot be achieved. Consequently, condensation may form on the surface of the foil. Even the obligatory sealing of joints with adhesive aluminum foil will still leave gaps inside between adjacent sheets.

The method of combating the formation of condensate on the foil is traditional - a crate with a ventilated gap between the foam and the outer lining.

polyph

Another version of polyethylene foam, but already made in the form of a kind of wallpaper - there is a layer of paper on both sides. Polyfoam and is designed for gluing wallpaper on it.

Of course, its thermal insulation properties are not as high as those of penofol, but to make a cold wall feel warmer to the touch, they are quite enough.

In most cases, the insignificant thickness of the insulation does not lead to the dew point moving to the inner surface.

The disadvantage of this method is that only a dry wall is insulated.

Insulation with expanded polystyrene

Expanded polystyrene (or extruded polystyrene foam) is glued to a prepared and leveled wall. Both materials have very low water absorption (especially extruded polystyrene foam), so the formation of condensate in the insulation layer is excluded. The main danger is its appearance on the surface of the insulated wall.

Therefore, it is best to glue sheets on special hydrophobic adhesive mixtures applied over the entire surface of the sheets. And to prevent the penetration of water vapor from the side of the room, treat the seams with sealant (you can also use foam plastic with a step or a tenon-groove connection).

Finishing can be done in two ways:

mesh reinforcement and plastering;
sheathing with panels on a supporting frame fixed to the floor, ceiling and adjoining walls (false plasterboard wall).

Warming with mineral wool

Mineral wool does not meet the requirements for vapor permeability and water absorption for insulation from the inside. But it can be used.

The main thing is to provide maximum protection from moist air from the side of the room and the weathering of water vapor from the insulation layer. That is, to perform a ventilated facade, but in the reverse order: wall, gap, vapor-permeable membrane, mineral wool, vapor barrier film, decorative cladding indoors.

It is necessary to create a false wall at a distance of 2-3 cm from the main wall. And to weather the water vapor from below and above, make ventilation holes.

Old Soviet panel houses are much inferior in terms of thermal insulation to modern monolithic buildings. New SNIPs dictate to developers to comply with the required wall thickness and insulate facades immediately after completion of pouring work and laying out walls. Panel five and nine-story buildings were calculated only for internal heating, without insulating external walls by cold. Thousands of people live in corner apartments, and the issue of their thermal insulation becomes more relevant every year.

Options for insulating the walls of panel houses

Modern technologies present two options for insulating wall surfaces apartment building: inside and outside. Both options will solve the problem of low room temperature and rapid heat loss. In prefabricated houses, more cast-iron radiators with excellent heating qualities were installed, but due to the thinness of the walls and their direct contact with frosty air, the efficiency of radiators is significantly reduced.

Important! The task of thermal insulation is not to heat the room, but to keep it warm and exclude air cooling due to its contact with the cold surface of the walls, especially if the corner apartment is an end one.

Both options are suitable for this, but their implementation is radically different, so you need to determine a simpler and more economical one that you can do yourself.

Which method is preferable?

Consider the pros and cons of both methods and choose the most suitable one. Advantages of wall insulation outside the panel house:

work will be carried out on the facade, which means it will not interfere with residents directly living in apartments;
together with warming will simultaneously occur external update facade with decorative plaster or hinged panels;
the whole house will be insulated, which means that the common areas will become less cold.

Insulation of the outer walls of a panel house - disadvantages:

the inability to insulate only your apartment, even if it is corner - at least two walls in each room will be adjacent to non-insulated neighboring apartments;
high cost of work - a specially hired team will be engaged in warming and finishing, which needs constant monitoring and payment;
lack of privacy in high-rise building- the work will take place outside, which means that the builders will need scaffolding structures or a hinged cradle, and this entails their constant presence right outside the windows of the apartment, where they can look freely;
the duration of the process - if the house is large, then work can go on for more than one month, and all this time there will be trucks, lifts, building materials and scaffolding near the house.

Wall insulation in a panel house from the inside - cons:

a decrease in the living area of rooms - hanging additional structures on the walls will increase the removal of each of them by at least 5 - 8 centimeters;
the inability to live in the room where the renovation is taking place - the tenants will have to move to other rooms, because the area under repair will be occupied by materials;
the likelihood of temporary relocation - the work may be associated with painting and the use of strong-smelling substances, so it will not be possible to stay in it during warming.

Benefits of internal insulation:

independent implementation of insulation inside the housing - high-altitude work and the construction of additional structures will not be required, only attentiveness, a competent approach and tools will be required;
low cost - compared to insulation from the outside, interior work will cost less if we consider only insulation, because the final decorative trim walls can be any and cost a lot;
short terms - if all the material is purchased and there is enough time, then each room inside can be insulated in 2 days and the same amount of time will be needed for finishing, so it will not take long to endure inconvenience and a temporary move.

Having studied all the nuances, it is clear that the advantages of internal heaters more than the outer ones and they are more substantial. Important: timing, cost and the ability to do everything yourself. Therefore, we will consider this option further.

The choice of insulation material

Modern world building materials provides a wide range of possibilities. Here are the main options for insulating a panel house from the inside:

polystyrene (foam);
polyurethane foam;
mineral wool.

Any of them will cope with the task, but they differ in the method of installation and cost, which can affect the choice of insulation. It all depends on what tools are available and the size of the budget.

Important! The least attractive option is to use polyurethane foam, because it will require deep formwork, which means that such insulation will “eat” more area rooms. For its installation, a special sprayer is required, which may not be available.

Mineral wool a good option for insulating the walls of an apartment building, it is quite thin, easy to change shape and is not expensive. The main disadvantage is its composition, which includes fiberglass. When in contact with the skin, it leaves an unpleasant sensation and may cause irritation. From this saves clothes with long sleeves and a special mask on the face.

Penoplex is convenient in that it is pre-cut into comfortable panels. It is lightweight and can be mounted alone. Each panel is placed groove in groove and assembled as a constructor. It can be chosen optimum thickness saving the area to be cut. The disadvantage over other materials is the higher cost, but it is offset by the ability to do the finishing without the use of drywall. in the best way, there will be work using foam insulation.

Preparatory work

Regardless of the option chosen, before warming, you will need to carry out preparatory work. An important note is that insulation is best done in the warm and dry season to avoid sudden changes temperatures and condensation. What will need to be done:

free up room space extra items furniture and limit the entry of unauthorized people and pets into the living space;
get rid of the current wall decoration - remove old paint or wallpaper from partitions;
remove plaster from the walls - this will require special scrapers;
vacuum or wash the walls - this is required to get rid of dust;
make a primer and let dry;
align the plane - if necessary, if it is clear that the irregularities are too large;
dry the room completely.

What you need to work on the insulation of a room in an apartment building

Warming work will require due skill and attention, but it’s easy to cope with this if you clearly follow the technology and have at hand essential tool. Here is a list of what you might need:

construction stapler;
mounting foam;
sealant gun;
screwdriver;
puncher or powerful drill;
construction knife;
stairs or goats;
a hammer;
self-tapping screws for metal;
metal corners;
liquid level;
thread;
sickle;
putty knife;
liquid nails for outdoor work;
plastic fungi for fixing foam;
vapor barrier film.

The specified list may be wider depending on the installation method, but you can easily get by with what is listed. With everything you need, you can get to work. Remember that it is better to ventilate the room well, and carry out noisy work only at the allowed time of the day in order to avoid conflicts with neighbors.

Do-it-yourself installation

Step by step, you can achieve perfect result. Begin:

Glue (liquid nails) is abundantly applied to the surface of the wall and the foam panel, and then they are tightly pressed against each other. We carry out such actions with each panel, placing the next one exactly in the groove with the previous end side. This also applies to the side segments and those on top. Penoplex is easily cut with a knife, so where the whole panel does not fit, it is carefully cut and inserted into the space. It is important to cut exactly to size in order to leave a minimum of gaps and lay them exactly in the end.
You can also fasten the panels with the help of wall anchors and plastic fungi, for this, holes are made in the walls and fasteners are driven into them right through the attached foam. This method is very noisy, so we recommend the first option.
All joints between panels, walls, floors and ceilings are coated with sealant. This is necessary to ensure maximum thermal insulation.
The tighter the foam is pressed against the wall surface, the better its insulating properties, so do not spare glue or anchors.
This installation option provides for the final finishing with plaster. After the sealant dries, the entire plane of the wall is covered with putty and leveled. If desired, further strengthen the layer - a special mesh (serpyanka) can be smeared into the plaster.
After the final leveling, the putty must be allowed to dry, and then primed, thereby preparing its surface for painting or wallpapering.

Important! If you plan to hang cabinets on the wall, then you need to choose a slightly different mounting option. Before the first paragraph in the previous instructions, you need to mount on the walls hinged structure from the metal profile, and according to the instructions, lay out the foam plastic between the guides. The following list is considered a continuation of the previous one, after the fourth paragraph:

A vapor barrier film must be stretched over the foam and guides to isolate the formation of moisture inside the wall. Its installation is carried out with the help of plastic fungi through the foam.
We fix drywall to vertical and horizontal rails using self-tapping screws.
Further, as in the previous instructions, he putty, leveling and priming the surface.

Installation is not at all difficult. The main thing is to stick to technology, then the work will be done quickly and efficiently. After finishing, you will immediately feel that the apartment has become much warmer and drier, even if it is an end one. All because isolation helped to get rid of contact warm air with the surface of cold walls. Therefore, if heating is not due to batteries, but warm floors, they can be turned on less often, thereby saving on utility costs.

Houses built in the last 2-3 decades keep heat much better than buildings of the past. Soviet Union. This is especially noticeable in the cold season - "Khrushchev", built from panels or bricks, freeze through an order of magnitude faster, so they need large quantity insulation materials and heating. Because millions of people live in similar houses, the issue of wall insulation is especially relevant for them.

To normalize the microclimate of the room, residents can use one or two methods of thermal insulation:

outdoor;
internal.

The implementation of the first method is often complicated by two factors:

the location of the apartment on the upper floors;
the layout of the living space, in which most of the walls border on the walls of neighboring rooms (it happens that only a balcony can be sheathed from the outside).

The second method is not without a number of disadvantages:

inevitable reduction usable area premises;
for good insulation from the inside, you will have to thoroughly prepare the walls, destroying your usual life;
temporary relocation of residents is required, especially if work is carried out with materials containing harmful impurities;
insulation from the inside reduces the service life of the panel structure, since in winter the wall enters the zone of negative temperatures.

However, internal wall insulation is preferable to thermal insulation from the outside, saving money - residents do not have to spend money on high-altitude work. They will also spend less on insulation.

Materials for wall insulation of a panel house

The operation of the apartment is accompanied by a periodic increase and decrease in the air temperature inside the premises.

Therefore, the material must not only be an excellent heat insulator, but also have acceptable moisture-resistant properties.

This requirement is fully met by the two most popular heaters, which we will consider. AT recent times liquid heaters are also gaining popularity, but these are the topics of our other articles.

Insulation supplied in the form of foam that hardens after application. It has a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, so it keeps the heated air in the house well. Formwork must be used for uniform application and crystallization. Its role can be played by bars with a section of 25 × 25 mm or a little more, located vertically and horizontally along the wall. The formed cells (sections) will be evenly filled with polyurethane foam.

The thermal insulation of the walls of a panel house with the help of polyurethane foam has several more features:

after the polyurethane foam has hardened, an additional layer of waterproofing is required (to reduce the amount of condensate formed);
the impossibility of finishing and cladding (you will have to build a second plasterboard wall on top of the PPU, on which you can apply wallpaper, plaster, etc.);
if the previously listed conditions are met, a minimum of condensate will occur, after which it will be diverted to the junction of the wall with the insulation.

The cost of thermal insulation of the walls of a panel house from the outside or inside with the help of PPU is high - special equipment will be required, as well as skilled workers. Therefore, consumers prefer the second good material.

Expanded polystyrene extruded (polystyrene)

The biggest difficulties in working with the material arise at the stage of its installation. Styrofoam is supplied in even slabs of 100 × 50 cm or more, therefore, when sheathing uneven walls its inevitable twist. Therefore, it is required to carefully prepare the initial surface, otherwise air gaps where the condensate will go.

Plates attached to the wall special glue applied to the entire sheet evenly, and the joints are smeared with sealant. The use of anchor joints is excluded - leaky transitions may occur throughout the entire foam layer. It is better to use a T-shaped profile fixed on the floor and ceiling.

Work performance technology

When warming, it is worth adhering to the stages of work described below.

The choice of insulation method (outside / inside; the second one is easier to implement).
Calculation of the insulated area, purchase of material; transition to the preparatory stage.
Drying the surface (used heat guns, heaters). The walls are insulated strictly in warm time of the year!
Old coatings (wallpaper, paint, decor) are removed, plaster is removed to the concrete base.
The surface is cleaned of dirt, dust (using a broom or a vacuum cleaner).
Treatment internal walls antiseptic.
Priming of the original surface (it is better to use a deep penetration primer and apply it in several layers).
Let the walls dry properly.
Leveling with special mixtures (those used in finishing bathrooms are acceptable). When the plaster dries, heaters are not used - this way it will acquire normal strength.
Installation of foam. Unlike polyurethane foam, it does not require formwork - the plates are glued directly to the dry surface. When using PPU, the insulation is applied a little later after the manufacture of the wooden frame.
Following the complete drying of the glue, the joints of the plates are sealed with sealant.
On top of the resulting structure, a second wall is applied with a final finish.

If all the steps are followed correctly, the increase in the temperature inside the premise of the panel house is guaranteed. If the work did not bring results, you will also have to insulate the floor of the apartment.

Range good heaters large enough, but few of them are suitable for panel buildings. Due to the inability to insulate the apartment from the outside, residents have to carry out internal work, which is not very complicated, effective and does not require special skills or knowledge. Even residents of hopelessly freezing panel buildings can achieve an increase in room comfort if they use the heaters recommended above.