150x150 do it yourself, we'll tell you in detailed instructions with photo and video materials.
Some secrets are revealed for successfully completing the basic activities of building a house.
How economically, but without losing quality, to acquire your own housing for many years.
What to pay attention to and do the job correctly.
It's easy to do it yourself. make it easier with your own hands wooden beam. Wood is a traditional material with time-tested quality.
Production finished timber coniferous species Nowadays there are a wide number of options. Subject to availability finished project It is possible to order material for a template.
Production will take a long time, but will be compensated for during installation.
7 steps to realizing your dream
After making a decision to build housing, it is necessary to carry out a number of preparatory measures.
The best time for this is considered to be late autumn and winter time. It is necessary to spend a lot of time on all actions and it is advisable to time this period by the beginning of the construction season from mid-Vienna to early autumn:
- Decide on .
- Order or buy ready-made.
- Order and purchase basic material.
- Carry out preparatory work.
- Prepare consumables.
- Purchase a tool.
- Conclude agreements with contractors.
How to build a house from timber with your own hands
First stage. Preparation of the land plot
- clearing debris and vegetation,
- alignment is performed using special equipment,
- marking the formwork using pegs, cord and level,
Important! It is necessary to use the services of a specialist. The quality of construction depends on this process.
Second stage. Construction of the foundation according to the developed project
Main types of foundation
- ,
for houses with a basement or cellar. - Pile foundation,
for problematic soils. - shallow depth,
for a small house.
Third stage. Construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of a house made of wooden beams
Materials
Material used for self-installation should be dry and light
Necessary tool
- Electric circular saw.
- Drill with a set of wood drill bits.
- and roulette.
- Ax and hammer.
- Nails and screws.
Work process
The first crown is laid on the foundation along the perimeter. Previously, the foundation is laid with roofing felt, as waterproofing, and a layer of jute.
For information! The crown is called rows of timber laid vertically. Jute sealant is necessary to seal the seams between the beams.
Subsequent crowns are mounted according to the layout of the project. Between each other wooden parts connected by dowels. Through holes are drilled with a smaller diameter than the thickness of the stud. They hammer it in with a hammer, and cut off the excess protruding part to fit the base.
The bars are connected to each other, in places of ligation with the partitions using a tongue-and-groove ligament. In the corners, for greater strength, three types of joints are used:
Important! It is easier to cut connection nodes using a pre-made template. The cuts are made taking into account the allowance for the insulation. The connections will be smooth and reliable nodes.
Jute is also placed between the crowns and in the joints. On the second crown, beams for flooring are embedded. Under each part at a distance of 1.5 meters they lay out ceramic bricks supports. After installation of the fourth crown, a rough flooring is made from boards with a thickness of at least 40 mm.
Subsequent rows of timber are laid identically to the previous ones, but taking into account the details for door and window openings.
For ease of operation and safety, when lifting parts, slopes with a stopper are used. The device is made of two boards with padded wedge stops. The slopes rest against the wall with the upper edge, and the lower edge is held on the ground by a stopper. With the help of a rope, the timber is lifted up the wall along the slopes by one person. Scaffolding is assembled inside the room.
Important! Each new row of laid timber is controlled by a level of mandatory.
The final two crowns are mounted around the entire perimeter and above all openings. The process of assembling the log house is completed by laying the ceiling beams. Then the Mauerlat is matted onto them to assemble the roof.
We equip the openings of doors and windows with casing boxes made of boards at least 30 mm thick. We fasten them with simple nails. The casings play the role of compensators during the shrinkage of a new building and do not allow the rows of timber to deform.
Before installing the roof, an upper ceiling deck made of boards with a thickness of at least 50 mm and an attic floor are sewn.
Fourth stage. Roofing device
For installation roofing structures and coating, it is necessary to use the services of a team of specialists. This is a responsible job, the result of which determines the comfort, coziness, and service life of the entire house,
Fifth stage. Installation of blocks
After the house has settled, window and door blocks are installed to close the perimeter before finishing. Then insulation and finishing of external walls. Insulation of the attic space.
Sixth stage. Finishing
The final stage of all construction activities is finishing interior walls, and ceilings. Installation engineering systems life support.
Conclusion
When building a house with your own hands, you can significantly save on the main stage of building construction. , so as not to allow their own.
The assembly itself is not difficult to perform; it is enough to see it once and follow the project correctly.
The result will be positive.
Guide and step-by-step instructions for building a house or Russian bathhouse from timber with your own hands.
How much does it cost to build a house?
For many Russians, a new gardening life begins every year with this question. After a newly minted landowner receives a plot of land, he will definitely face a difficult economic situation in our country.
Interesting offers from many construction companies– to build any turnkey structure may conflict with family budget. Even if you give up architectural sophistication, building a house will be an expensive pleasure.
Often, the costs that will go into direct construction will be equivalent to the cost of materials for future housing. All economic calculations will rest on a simple identity: the cost of materials and the cost of work are equal. Therefore, it is better to build a house yourself.
The main difficulty in self-construction at home is ignorance of construction operations and the sequence of their implementation.
How to properly build a house from timber?
It is better to build a wooden house. After all, buildings made of wood are very simple. In addition, this material is pleasant and easy to work with. Wooden houses have an excellent microclimate.
You can go further in two ways. The first is to raise money and purchase the entire set of building materials at once. This set includes
- lumber for ceilings and floors,
- timber for log house,
- edged and unedged boards,
- window and door blocks, etc.
- insulation made of flax or jute,
- roofing material,
- glassine,
- glass,
- roofing felt, g
- haul, staples, tow, etc.
The second way is to purchase all of the above in parts in accordance with the construction stages.
It’s better to go the first route, as it will end up being cheaper. In addition, in many companies, when purchasing complete set building materials are delivered directly to the site free of charge.
It is necessary to ensure that the dimensions of the timber, one of the most important components of the future house, are no less than 150x150x6000 mm. But, in principle, you can move away from these parameters.
Where to start building a house?
First of all, you need to go to the site, inspect the territory, find access roads (if there are no roads yet), determine the connection of the future house to the area, and the type of soil. Place where it will be built garden house, is determined according to the plan for dividing the entire territory into separate areas. The position of the house must be agreed upon with the board of the dacha association.
First of all, it is necessary to draw a plot plan on a piece of paper on a certain scale, indicating specific dimensions and marking on it the place that will be allocated for the house. It is necessary to certify this plan to the board with the seal or signature of the responsible person.
Work on the site should begin with cutting down bushes, mowing grass, uprooting stumps and cutting off hummocks in the future territory construction site. For these works you need to have an axe, a shovel, a scythe, a hand winch, a crowbar and a sledgehammer. It is better to use a sledgehammer to remove stumps.
Once the area has been cleaned, you can move on to the next step.
First you need to determine the type of foundation. It's better to choose strip foundation, since with its help, from a homogeneous material you can get a complete, warm, durable foundation with the least amount of labor. And you won't have to do any more extra work for the manufacture and installation of fences and lintels. A simplified method for marking axes should be used without using scraps. After all, cast-offs make it very difficult to dig foundation trenches.
When digging a foundation, you need to remove the soil that is being removed away, otherwise it will interfere with construction. Fertile layer should be placed in a separate pile, it can be useful in gardening. A very important factor is the depth to which the foundation will be laid. The depth of the foundation will be influenced by the level of occurrence groundwater, soil type and freezing depth.
Best shallow foundation with filling the bottom of the trench with sand. To do this, sand was always poured into the trench in layers of 25 cm, compacted and watered. Before pouring concrete, reinforcement was laid on sand cushion. There must be at least two reinforcement bars.
Broken and deformed reinforced concrete lighting poles can be used as reinforcement. You can use a sledgehammer to break the concrete around the post reinforcement. Two pillars are enough. From one you can get 8-10 reinforcing bars, the diameter of which is 10-14 mm.
Before laying the reinforcement, it is necessary to straighten it and bend it at the corners. To do this, you can use two railway spikes. Drive them with ridges towards each other into a stump, beam or log so that there is a reinforcing rod between them. The rods that are placed must overlap each other by at least 20 cm. To prevent them from diverging when pouring concrete, it is better to tie the ends of the rods with wire where they overlap.
In order to protect the reinforcement from corrosion, you need to place stones, pieces of brick, and crushed stone under the bars so that the reinforcing bars are raised above the sand by at least 5 cm. If there is nothing to put the bars on, they can be hung. The crossbar covers the top of the trench and reinforcement is suspended from it. Then the trench is filled with concrete. It is better to purchase ready-made concrete; preparing it by hand is very labor-intensive.
Pouring the foundation
It is better to fill the foundation as follows. Along the axes of the foundation, metal rods 40 cm long are inserted into the uncured concrete. These rods are immersed into the base of the foundation to a depth of 20 cm. The remaining 20 cm form the base of the foundation. Rods are inserted at the corners of the foundation, and then after 1-1.5 meters between the corners. So the rods will be connected into one whole base with the plinth, and will serve as the basis for attaching the plinth formwork panels.
In warm weather, the surface of fresh concrete should be protected with moss, grass, sawdust and moistened with water, or simply covered with roofing felt. Then it is necessary to make formwork panels. To do this, it is better to use edged boards, the thickness of which is 40 mm. The panels will have no gaps, the surface of the base does not require plaster. To save money, you can use unedged boards.
After preparing the boards, you need to assemble boards of the length and height that correspond to the plan. When finding the length of the shields original size will be the thickness of the base and the distance between its center lines.
The panels are assembled on spacers laid out on the ground in such a way that their smooth side faces the inside of the base. Using conventional blade clamps, the boards are pressed tightly against each other. Overlays are nailed to the shields, which are located at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the shield. The height of the panels should be 10 cm above the concrete pouring level.
In any foundation, the base at a height of 15-20 cm from the ground should have ventilation windows. They should be opposite each other different sides base To create windows, you need to put asbestos-cement pipes into the formwork, tightly fitting the ends to the panels so that concrete does not pour into them
- Installation of shields begins with the inner contour. Before this, pieces of wire are wound around the pins so that on both sides of the pins there are free ends of the wire, the length of which is at least 20 cm.
- First, shields with locks are installed. They are temporarily fixed.
- Then shields are placed next to them, the edges of which rest on the locks. The ends of the shields are attached to the locks with nails.
- The panels of the internal contour, fastened together, are aligned relative to the axes of the foundation, and the diagonals at the corners are checked.
- The upper and lower spacers are nailed, which determine the width of the base.
- Then the outer contour panels are attached, their centers are aligned with certain marks on the foundation.
- The nails in the upper and lower spacers are forgotten. The shields are knocked together. It is checked whether the installation of the shields is symmetrical relative to the center lines of the base, and the diagonals are measured at the outer corners.
- Then we bend the nails upward, and the lower part of the shields is fixed relative to the axes of the base.
- In the upper part of the plinth, it is convenient to place the bars of the plinth reinforcement on spacers. Then the upper part of the base formwork is fastened with ties. Scraps of reinforcement are laid overlapping and tied with wire.
- In this simple way, a rigid structure was obtained that is firmly connected to the base of the foundation. Before pouring concrete into the formwork, you need to mark the top pouring line on the boards. Marking the horizon level of the base begins from the most elevated corner on the ground. Marks are made 1-1.5 meters from the starting point and nails are driven in along them through the boards. The height of the base will be shown by the exposed ends of the nails. They will also serve as reference marks when pouring the base.
To create an ideal surface, it is necessary to make marks and constantly control the horizon using a hydraulic level. In hot weather, the poured base should be protected. The concrete needs to be kept in the formwork for about 2-3 days. During the process of building a house, it will gain the required strength.
Unloading construction materials
If during the construction of a house the entire set of building materials was ordered, then you need to think in advance where to unload them.
First, you need to remove the window and door blocks from the car. It is better to push other materials back, having first laid out unedged boards on the ground.
After the materials have been unloaded, they must be immediately sorted by type and laid out in predetermined places.
It is better to lay out the materials as follows. Most often, the foundation of a house is located in the corner between the property line and the road.
In this regard, building materials must be laid as follows: against the two walls of the base. It is advisable that the distance from the stack to the foundation be at least 3 meters. In order to prevent warping and sagging of the beams, they need to be laid on even pads laid horizontally. The bars themselves can be used as spacers. If there is a lot of space, then the stack is placed in a cage: one row is placed lengthwise, the other – across.
Boards are laid on linings made from scrap boards. A gap is left between the boards to allow the stack to “breathe.” Each new row of boards must be interspersed with spacers. It is necessary that the planed plane of the board faces down. U unedged boards The wide part should be facing down.
All stacks must be raised above the ground by at least 20-30 cm.
When all the material has been sorted and stacked, it will be necessary to cover it from atmospheric precipitation roofing felt. Important detail: On any lumber, any remaining bark must be removed immediately.
Approximate calculation of “related” materials for building a 6x6 house:
— 50 pieces of staples;
- 2 bales of tow;
— nails: 200 mm – 16 kg, 150 mm – 8 kg, 120 mm – 6 kg, 100 mm – 20 kg, 70 mm – 10 kg;
- 7 kg of slate nails;
- nails for exterior and internal lining;
— 3 rolls of 15 m glassine for the ceiling and pediment;
— 12 rolls of 15 m of roofing felt for the base, for the subfloor and for the roof.
Floor and walls of a house made of timber
Now it's time to lay the first crown.
Before laying the bottom trim, you need to apply two layers of roofing material to the base around the entire perimeter. To do this, a strip of roofing felt is bent lengthwise and laid on the base.
For tying, select smooth beams no cracks, jumps or signs of rot. To prevent water from getting into the cracks between the beams, you need to remove 10x10 mm chamfers on the upper edges. It is better to connect the beams at the corners using a tongue and groove. The tenon dimensions should be 4x4 cm, and the groove dimensions should be 5 mm more sizes thorn.
Using rectangular or round dowels and 200 mm nails, the beams are joined together in vertical plane.
It is better to cut curved beams into small pieces and lay them in window and door openings.
Must be given special attention antiseptic treatment of the beams of the first crown. Preheated oil should be used to lubricate the internal and bottom sides beams, while leaving the ends clean. The treated strapping beams are laid on the base and fastened together with staples.
After this, you need to immediately lay out the floor joists. As logs, beams can be used, which are laid every 1 m. If the width of the plinth allows, then the ends of the logs are laid on it. If it doesn’t allow it, then cuts are made into the harness, and the ends of the joists are inserted there.
For large spans, the logs are laid on brick or concrete pillars, which are buried 50 cm in the ground. The main requirement is that the position of the logs must be horizontal and the upper layers must have a single plane. For temporary flooring, unedged boards are laid on the joists.
Then you can start building the walls.
All the timber from which the house is built has the same length. But there are also window and door openings in the walls, so smaller beams may be needed. From one large timber You may end up with 3-4 smaller beams.
The beams are prepared for 2-3 crowns. On lower crown A uniform, even layer of tow is placed, its thickness should be 1 cm. Tow is rolled outward on both sides of the beam by 5-6. The second crown is placed on the tow. Then the tow is put on again, etc. The beams of the new crown are connected with nails to the beams below and the overlying crowns. The first nails from the corner of the house are located at a distance of 30-40 cm. Further nails are driven in after 1.5 m.
Window blocks are fastened to the wall beams with nails every 2-3 crowns.
If there is no window block, but you need to assemble a log house, you can make temporary risers from edged boards, the thickness of which is 20 mm, and the width is equal to the thickness of the log house. With the help of these boards, the beams of the opening are fixed and fastened in a vertical plane.
In this case, the nails are driven through these boards into the end of the beam. When erecting the walls of a house, it is important to control the verticality of the corners and the horizontality of the walls. The beams need to be fastened at the corners so that they do not come out.
A very crucial moment occurs when laying beams over door and window blocks. To avoid pinching them, you need to leave a sedimentary gap, which is equal to 1/20 of the entire height of the log house.
Next you need to install the scaffolding. They are a flooring that rises 1.5-2 meters above the ground, depending on the height of the base and frame. In forests, flooring is very important. It must support at least three people. Its width must be at least 60 cm.
For the manufacture of scaffolding, any timber can be used - bars, slabs, round timber, edged and unedged boards. If the scaffolding sag, you need to make it double. The laying of timber can be completed when the height between the floor and ceiling is at least 2.4 meters. The last crown must be thoroughly checked according to elevation marks and diagonals and fastened with staples at the corners. Now the walls are ready.
Roof
There are many different types roofs: single-pitch, gable, hip, hipped, cross, etc. But in dacha construction the most common are gable broken roofs. Due to their simplicity and ease of installation, they have become very popular. These roofs will also allow you to build an attractive and spacious attic.
The roof is based on a reliable ceiling. It should consist of ceiling beams that are laid parallel to the facade. For a span of 6 meters in length, it is necessary to use beams with a cross-section of at least 150x150 mm. You can support floor beams using a permanent wall.
The distance between the floor beams should not be more than 1 m. Along the top frame of the log house, you need to mark the places where the floor beams need to be placed. Using a hydraulic level you need to achieve a general plane and strict horizontality. All irregularities that stick out must be carefully cut off with an ax.
It is necessary that the length of the floor beams exceeds the width of the frame by two cornices.
Floor beams can be extended using pieces of 50x150 mm boards. At both ends of the beams, you need to cut out quarters 1 m long, insert extensions into them, connecting them with 150 mm nails to the beams. Then, for ease of installation, inserts with a depth of 3-5 cm are made on the extensions.
The prepared beams are raised to top harness log frame and placed in places on tow and nailed with 200 mm nails. Liners are inserted between the beams. With their help you can fix the beams and protect the attic from the cold. The liners are nailed to the beam and to the trim with 200 mm nails. The finished floor is covered with unedged boards.
In order to correctly determine the proportions of the roof, you can make a template. It can be made on the ground from edged boards. It is better to make the template in full size. So, using a template, you can determine which one mansard roof needs to be built.
The next stage is the installation of the attic frame. It can be done transversely and longitudinally. In both cases, assembly is carried out on the ceiling. In the case of the transverse method, the frame profile is assembled from a U-shaped tie and 2 racks and installed on the desired ceiling beam of the house. The installed U-shaped elements are connected to each other by purlins.
The flatness of the walls and ceiling of the attic is difficult to achieve, just as curvature of the ceiling beams is possible. Therefore, it is better to use a longitudinal installation method.
To use this method, it is necessary to free the right side of the floor from the temporary flooring. The racks are laid on the ceiling beams and the upper purlin is attached to them with staples. Then the racks are fixed with braces. The frame span must be lifted without jerking; at the initial moment of lifting, beams must be placed under the run. After checking the plumb verticality of the racks, secure them with braces.
In order to facilitate installation, intermediate posts are installed under the purlins that are already raised. The same operations must be repeated on the other side. After the racks with purlins are raised and fastened, you need to tie them together using attic beams - floor ties.
When the attic beams are laid and fastened to the purlins with nails, you need to lay unedged boards on them.
The linings, ridge rafters, and crossbars assembled according to the template are installed on ties and secured with nails. Installation begins with the fronts, and then the intermediate ridge rafters are installed.
Now the attic frame is built.
House roof
This is a very responsible job that requires dexterity, knowledge, and skills.
We need to start with preparing the fronts. This preparation consists of installing two transverse and two vertical boards, the cross-section of which is 150x50 mm. A window block is inserted into the resulting opening, its horizontal-vertical position is checked and secured with nails.
Next you need to tighten the pediment with glassine. It will protect against moisture and protect the house from drafts. It is advisable to place the glassine strips overlapping and horizontally, and attach it to the posts with small nails or felt pins. Usually the pediment is sheathed with clapboard. It is better to sew the lower part of the pediment horizontally and the upper part vertically. This method is technologically advanced and very economical.
First, the vertical upper part is sewn up. You need to carefully ensure that the boards lie vertically and that the ridge of the catch fits tightly into the groove. You can stuff the catch, and then cut off its ends that protrude above the rafters with a hacksaw.
It is important to nail the drain board correctly. It needs to be nailed with a small bevel between the horizontal and vertical parts of the sheathing. When sewing up the upper part of the gable, you need to remember that the facing should always be with the groove down. It is also necessary to constantly monitor horizontality.
Roof sheathing
We can say that this work is simple, but it has its own characteristics. Firstly, it is necessary that the sheathing protrudes beyond the dimensions of the house. Such a protrusion must be made to protect the front of the building from the ingress of storm water. Most often, an overhang of 50-70 cm is made. If the roof of the house is roofing material, then the size of the overhang does not play a special role.
If the roof is slate, then the size of the overhangs of the gable eaves must be accurately determined in accordance with the total length of the sheathing. This can be done using very simple way. It is necessary to lay two boards parallel on the ground across the entire expected width of the roof. It is necessary to place slate on them with the required overlap in a whole wave or half wave.
Then you should compare the length of the entire row with the length of the roof. The difference between the length of the laid row and the sheathing is divided into two parts and the required overhang width is obtained.
After the overhang sizes have been determined, two boards are nailed to each rafter. In this case, the width of the cornice must correspond to the overhang of each board. Then it is nailed along the board to the ends of these projections.
Natural stops are obtained for the intermediate sheathing boards.
The sheathing can be made from unedged boards, if they are nailed downwards. There should be a gap of 5 cm between the boards. When laying the boards, alternate the butt part with the top. It is worth nailing edged boards at the bottom and top of the rafters.
After the sheathing is ready, you should immediately sheathe the gable cornices. This is a very labor-intensive task that requires certain skills, because you have to work in hard-to-reach places and on high altitude. You can immediately sew up the cornices with shields, which can be easily and calmly made on the ground. After they are made, all that remains is to lift them onto the roof and make room for placing the overlays between the sheathing boards.
If the need arises, you can cover the junction of the shield with the gable boards with flashings. Frontal boards should be nailed to the ends of the shields.
Next comes the roof. On initial stage During construction, it is better to cover the roof with two layers of roofing felt. The rolls need to be lifted onto the roof and rolled out perpendicular to the ridge. It is necessary that each subsequent strip of roofing material overlaps another strip by at least 10-15 cm.
The first layer of roofing material can be attached with buttons, and the second - with wooden slats, which can be treated with paint, drying oil, machine oil or antiseptic. It is better to cover a roof covered with roofing felt with a galvanized iron sheet along the ridge.
The ends of the roofing felt that hang down must be well secured.
Now the house is under a roof. Next will be finishing interior work. This is the most enjoyable stage in building a house.
Interior finishing work
This stage of construction should begin with filling the subfloor. First you need to fill the cranial bars along the lower edges of the joists. And then nail the subfloor boards to them. This flooring is covered with a layer of roofing material and insulation is placed on top of it. How can it be used as insulation? mineral wool or expanded clay. Glassine should be placed on top of the insulation.
The finished floor boards are placed face down on the joists, without driving the nails in completely. After a year, you will need to pull out the nails, and turn the boards over and nail them down completely.
When flashing the ceiling, you need to decide where to leave the opening to the attic floor.
After the ceiling is lined, you need to move to the second floor. There, glassine is laid on the ceiling boards, insulation is placed, then glassine is added again and the floorboards are nailed.
After this, the attic ceiling is hemmed.
At the interior finishing stage, door and window units. They are secured with wedges in the openings. The exposed blocks with the walls of the log house are fastened with 100-120 mm nails. Tow is packed into the cracks, the parts that protrude are cut off. The gap between the wall and the block is closed with platbands. Threshold door block should not rise more than 7 cm above the floor.
When fixing window blocks, an inclined cornice should be nailed above the upper casing, and a drain should be installed on the lower board.
We need to make a staircase that will lead to the second floor. The simplest design is the one-flight staircase.
The lower part rests on the floor, and top part- on the wall of the attic opening. The distance between the steps should be 20 cm. First, materials for the bowstring, railings and steps are prepared. To make a bowstring, it is better to purchase lumber with a cross-section of 60x200 mm.
For the steps it is necessary to select dry material with a thickness of at least 50 mm. Their length is at least 800 mm. The ends of the steps and their length must be identical.
The steps are laid on bars with a cross-section of 5x5 cm and fastened with 100 mm nails to the strings. The contact points of the staircase to the attic and to the floor are determined. The cuts are made and it turns out necessary preparation, which fits tightly to the wall and floor.
The second string is cut out from this blank. Both strings are combined, and marks of future steps are applied on the outer edges. The bars are nailed to these marks, and then the steps. Steps with outside the bowstrings are nailed with decorative hats.
Construction technology wooden house made from timber with your own hands step by step. Those who have country house, like no one else, are interested in building a wooden house. If you build a residential building from timber, you will have comfortable housing, which differs from many buildings in its high quality.
The technology for building a house from timber is simple, and anyone who knows how to use an electric saw can take on this task.
Let's look at how everything works.
Construction begins with the selection of materials. The main thing at this stage is to choose quality material. What do you need to know to make the right choice?
Properties such as strength and density are inherent specifically in wood, and this can even be compared with metals, which means that the requirements for the choice of material are many times higher. IN wooden house The walls must be durable, have a long service life, and will also be excellent sound insulators. In addition, wooden walls must support temperature regime in the house. But wood also has a number of disadvantages, since it does not have resistance to fire, with sedimentary deformation, which can appear soon after construction.
We are building a house
We design
Next you need to be even more careful, since creating a house project is not so easy. When planning, you should carefully calculate everything, as this will play an important role when purchasing material. You can draw the project yourself, but there are many companies that will provide you ready plans, corresponding to the wishes of the customer. If you contact a construction company, the plan will be developed according to all geometric rules, and factors such as seismic resistance and others will be taken into account.
Foundation set made of timber
When you have figured out the project, you should start. The technology of building a house from timber is also designed to have a foundation, which must fully comply with all standards of strength and reliability.
Factors
The foundation and its choice depends on the following factors:
- Characteristics of the soil on which it will be.
- Weight of the expected load.
- Design features.
The foundation can be wooden or... Some development companies prefer a concrete base, on which they need to be laid, and only after that the walls made of timber. But there are also those who want a completely wooden house.
Species
There is also a foundation:
- Shallow laying
- Deep laying.
The most common of them are shallow and. According to technology, it should have a depth of 0.5 to 0.7 m.
Construction of a house
After everything is ready with the foundation, the construction of the log house begins. In this case, it is important to choose correct assembly. The technology for constructing walls from timber is done in rows. By analogy, in such houses, timber is laid on timber, like layers of lettuce, on top of each other. This way you will build the walls step by step.
The logs that will be used for construction have special grooves that make it possible to make a tight connection. For insulation at joints they are used special material. You can strengthen the walls and make them stronger thanks to the spikes that connect the beams.
In a simplified version of construction, raw pine timber is used. It is very lightweight and does not require the use of a crane.
After this, when building a house from timber, you need to take into account some nuances. The seams must be caulked to prevent blowing, and the walls must be treated with certain substances to ensure their fire resistance and strength.
Floor installation and roof construction
Quite often when building a house from beams they use cheap material like . But the roof in such a house should not be of poor quality, which means you cannot skimp on this element. It can be of any type, it all depends only on the rafter systems and the type of roof. Boards must be installed on each section of the roof. 10*4 cm boards are usually used for braces and racks, and 15*4 cm for rafters.
After erecting the roof, you need to start. It is done in two stages: first they lay floorboard, and then intermediate ones, between them you need to lay a heat insulator.
Interior decoration
The final stage of the technology for building a house from profiled timber is finishing the house from the inside. This includes the installation of partitions and frames, door frames, laying rough flooring, on which insulation will then be laid. At the end we finish it all off finishing coat. In addition, all communications are laid - water supply, electrical, sewerage and heating.
Is it possible to build a house from timber with your own hands? Cast aside doubts - this is quite within the capabilities of a person who knows how to handle carpenter's tool. It is very easy to use, economical and environmentally friendly. This is a fairly versatile material. From timber you can build a wonderful summer house on summer cottage, and if it is additionally insulated, then it will be possible to live in winter.
How to build a house from timber? Like any business. It all starts with a dream. It is necessary to make a house design and begin construction. When designing a project, it will be better to stick to rectangular shapes.
How quickly the house will be built largely depends on the timber you purchase for construction. If everything is in order with your finances, you can buy glued or dried timber. It will take much less time to build a house made of laminated veneer lumber. If you purchase raw timber, it will take much more time. Having erected the frame, you will need to let it dry. It will take about a year. Only when the shrinkage of his house occurs can construction be completed. By choosing the second option, you lose time, but significantly save money.
Every house stands on a foundation. A house made of timber is no exception. His choice must be taken seriously, taking into account the landscape of the area and the type of soil. Foundations can be strip or columnar. The tape type is considered more preferable. It is somewhat more expensive than the columnar one, but more reliable and durable. With this type of foundation it is possible to build a cellar. And this is an undoubted convenience of any home.
Construction of walls and roof
The construction of walls from timber is no different from the assembly of a construction set. The use of profiled timber will significantly improve thermal insulation. Corner joints are made in two ways: “in the head” and “in the paw”. The connection “in the oblo” is that the ends of the beam extend beyond the plane of the walls. If in the future you are thinking of decorating the house, then you should not make a “blind” connection.
The walls are based on laying out the first crown. The first crown is no less important than the foundation. It is necessary to cover the foundation with waterproofing and carefully level it horizontally. It does not matter what method of corner connections you will make in the future. Always connect the first crown at the corners “in half a tree”. Then the connections are fastened with dowels, covered with a sealant, and then the rest of the crowns are laid out. Each subsequent row must be provided with a sealant. Moss or tow is usually used as a sealant.
Along with the first crown, the foundation of the floor is laid. It's better to do it double. A layer of insulation will make the floor warm. At the second stage of construction, after the house has settled, the finishing floor is laid.
Nageli
Dowels play an important role in the process of assembling timber walls. Their task is to connect the beams together and prevent them from twisting. Pins are most often made with a diameter of 3–4 centimeters from oak or birch wood. Instead of wooden dowels it is possible to use metal tube, but it's quite expensive. 3 beams are drilled for dowels through hole they are inserted into the depths in a checkerboard pattern and without effort. Instead of wooden and metal dowels, it is possible to use 25-30 centimeter nails. In this case, we must remember that its cap must be recessed 3-4 centimeters deep into the beam, since shrinkage of a house built from timber is inevitable.
Roof
Often the second floor is planned as an attic, and this requires roof insulation. There are two ways here:
Install a temporary roof by covering it with roofing felt and waiting for the house to shrink for a year. After a year, build the final version of the roof of the house from timber.
in the first year, complete its construction: making steam and waterproofing, insulation and roofing material for the roof.
With the second option, additional costs in the form of roofing material, but an undoubted gain in time - we move into a new home.
Main mistakes during construction
Building a house from timber with your own hands requires a lot of courage. This is not a joke and usually a person trusts it to a construction company with a good reputation. If the decision is made to build on our own, then it is necessary to provide for everything possible errors. As in every business, there are pitfalls here.
Saving on foundation
The foundation of any home is the foundation. At the stage of its installation, it is necessary to strictly adhere to all accepted construction and technical standards. Any attempts to save money can lead to the destruction of the house. A foundation built with deviations from established rules can “revenge” by subsidence, the occurrence of micro and macrocracks and the destruction of walls. Subsequent repairs will wipe out all your savings.
Therefore, contact an experienced designer. He will make the project and make all the technical calculations. Only in this case can you be sure that the house will stand and delight your family.
Design errors
When independently calculating a project, there is a risk of unprofessional design. For the same reason, one should not very much demand from the project developer significant savings in construction. It has been established through repeated experience that the attic provides a large increase in living space, but does not lead to a significant increase in construction costs.
By including a basement in a house construction project, you do not significantly increase its cost, but you significantly improve the quality of life in this home. Try to make the house proportional. Abundance of small rooms in big house and vice versa will make living there not very comfortable. Consider zoning in advance. You most likely will not really like it when smells from the kitchen are in the bedroom.
Other errors
Choice roofing materials for the roof. In this matter, it is necessary to combine our desires with the compatibility of all other types of building materials. The design of the roof itself and climatic conditions building sites.
Errors in the engineering equipment of the house and its electrification. Before installing various installations that ensure comfort in your home, contact your energy authority. They will tell you the maximum power consumption of electricity in the house. By violating this construction point, you are putting the lives of your loved ones in danger.
Landscape design. There is no need to consider the landscape of the site as something secondary. Thinking through it must be done simultaneously with the design of all buildings located on the site. This will create a single ensemble of home and nature. It will help to provide lighting for rooms in advance and accurately comply with all land regulations.
Mistakes in choosing stairs. An important point in arranging a house with an attic is the choice of stairs. For a private home, you should not choose a staircase less than 35 cm wide. A staircase angle of more than 30 degrees is not convenient for older members of your family. Keep in mind that it is advisable to make the dimensions of the staircase large. This will make it easier to lift things to the second floor of the house. Think carefully about the installation location of the ladder itself. If you make a mistake with his choice, then doing so in the future will be problematic.
Poor quality treatment with antipyretics and antiseptics. Your house is watered by rain, dried by the sun, various molds, fungi and microorganisms attack your home day and night. All this brings harm to the house made of timber. Take care of him. Do not forget to conduct a comprehensive and high-quality processing antipyretic and antiseptic solutions for all lumber. This work will need to be carried out every year. Carefully treat all areas of the house where wood comes into contact with concrete or is exposed to precipitation.
Take your time installing doors, windows, and interior decoration. Keep in mind that in a wooden house, doors and windows are installed in a special way. For this purpose, a special installation method has been developed to prevent breakage and distortion of windows and doors. It is somewhat different from the usual way of producing such work. For houses in the construction of which timber was used natural humidity, before starting interior decoration of the house and installing doors and windows, you must wait until the timber dries and the house shrinks. This process usually lasts from 9 to 12 months.
Video How to build a house from timber with your own hands
Many land owners, when choosing a suitable building material for the construction of a residential building, come to the conclusion that it is more profitable to build a house from timber with their own hands. A residential building made of wood is considered the most environmentally friendly, and today this material is increasingly used for the construction of residential buildings. Ready-made offers from construction companies are not available to everyone due to their high cost. However, having studied the features of the construction of such buildings, you can gradually begin to build a house from timber on your own.
List of advantages and disadvantages
Advantages of a house made of timber:
- Environmentally friendly. Timber as a material for building a house is the most environmentally friendly of all existing ones.
- Comfortable temperature and humidity in the rooms.
- Good sound insulation.
- Saving cash due to the fact that there is no need to build a deep foundation, and all construction work can be done independently.
- Possibility to quickly build a residential building.
- Attractive appearance.
List of disadvantages of timber buildings:
- Risk of cracking building material.
- When using undried wood, the shrinkage process of the house takes a longer period.
- Wood can serve as a medium for fungal growths.
- This building material is susceptible to rotting.
- Laminated timber is not breathable.
- Wood is a flammable building material.
How to calculate the size of a residential building
Before you undertake to build a house from timber, you need to start drawing up general plan and drawings of the future structure. You can design a visual layout either yourself or order it this service from representatives of special organizations. You can also select a ready-made drawing from any open source.
The first stage of design, before building a house from timber, is determining the dimensions of the future building. The dimensions of the building should be calculated based on available area and the needs of residents. If the free area for construction is small, and you need to install a high-quality timber house on it to accommodate several people, you can consider the option of a small-sized residential building. If you carefully think through and organize usable space, even in small house everyone will be comfortable.
When we build a residential building from timber, extra space can be created by arranging a terrace or attic space.
The average size of a residential building made from this building material is 5×4 m, of course, if the territory allows. The size 6x8 m is considered universal for residential buildings for country purposes. These dimensions make it possible to build a second floor.
Despite the fact that most often the area of a house is calculated in accordance with the number of residents and the size of the plot, you usually have to focus on the available budget.
How to prepare a project yourself
Before making drawings construction project and using them to correctly build a residential building, you need to determine the following characteristics of the site:
- relief;
- soil type;
- groundwater level.
Only after determining these parameters can you begin to draw up a diagram.
The fact is that all these factors have a direct impact on the characteristics of the future structure, in particular, the type of foundation being built depends on them.
If you do not plan to build a basement, good option will be the construction of a columnar type foundation - it is suitable even for heaving soil. Since each house project involves the construction of a building of a certain size, the amount of building materials used must be calculated in advance. To visualize the future construction on the site, decide on the area local area and the placement of the house relative to its boundaries, the plan of the house should be correlated with the cadastral plan of the site.
Errors when creating a project
If you are using step by step guide and designing a house yourself, without experience, you should avoid the following mistakes:
- Lack of rationality when drawing up internal layout.
- Poor and inconvenient location of windows and door openings.
- Inaccurately calculated characteristics of the operational and technical plan.
Calculation of required materials
The estimate must be drawn up in advance. This will allow you to buy as much building material as is required to build a house, and not buy it again additionally. Or vice versa - after assembling a house from timber, sometimes you have to sell excess material. To avoid such difficulties, the volume of required raw materials should be calculated in advance. The first step is to calculate the building materials needed to build a house from timber, namely, to erect walls.
The height of the ceilings is taken into account together with the thickness of the floors and flooring. When calculating walls from the inside and outside, the thickness of the timber section is taken into account. Next, calculate the total amount of timber. To do this, the height of the wall of a wooden house must be divided by the height of one unit of building material. The result will indicate the number of rows of beams required to construct each wall. When calculating the total length of the beam, take into account the length of the walls. The resulting number of timber boards is summed up.
Construction technology of wooden houses
Carry out construction timber house possible by step-by-step assembly ready-made kit purchased at manufacturing plant. Such kits are accompanied by a step-by-step plan for carrying out installation work. Each beam is fixed in a specific place using ties - galvanized metal pins.
It is important to know how to properly build a house from timber and in what sequence to perform operations. Phased construction residential structure is as follows:
- Laying the foundation.
- Rechecking geometric calculations.
- Laying waterproofing.
- Installation of the lower level - laying the first row.
- Cross-shaped fastening of wood at a longitudinal intersection.
- Assembling the remaining timber boards with insulating material laid between them.
- Installation of floors between floors.
- Installation of ceilings in the form of beams.
- Installation rafter system, taking into account the 2% shrinkage of laminated veneer lumber.
- Laying roofing material.
- Insulation of floors.
- Insulation of walls.
- Installation of partitions.
- Carrying out engineering communications.
- Wooden flooring on the terrace.
- Window installation.
- Installation of doors.
All about foundation types
Foundation under private house may be one of the existing varieties:
- columnar design;
- tape type;
- plate manufacturing technology.
A columnar foundation for building houses is considered the least difficult to install; it can be built quickly. The disadvantage of this design is the separate placement of the pillars. During construction pile foundation, unlike the columnar one, the piles are connected using a reinforced concrete slab. The strip-type foundation is represented by several subtypes of structures, each of which has different functionality. The foundation, which has the same cross-section, is intended for the construction of large residential buildings. If the log house is small and light, such that one can build it alone, you can use a shallow foundation - more affordable in cost, but no less reliable. As slab foundation lay a reinforced concrete slab. Make this basis to build a house from timber you can use large quantity concrete and reinforcement.
Wall construction stage
In order to assemble the walls, you need to prepare all the building materials at the construction site. At the corners, lumber boards can be connected either with or without a protrusion.
Connecting the first crown and attaching the board to the foundation. To connect the initial crown of a private house, the timber is cut lengthwise and crosswise using circular saw. Place the first crown on board linings. To distribute the load on the foundation more evenly, floor beams should be placed on wood pads. Backing boards and construction timber It is recommended to treat with an antiseptic.
How to lay the second and subsequent crowns. Gusset timber boards are cut with root tenons. If the beam is shorter than the length of the wall, it must be spliced. The second crown is laid on the first one, observing the corner joints and, if necessary, splicing the length of the boards.
How to connect timber boards and use dowels. Before you begin to connect the crowns on the blocks of the house under construction from simple timber, it is necessary to make markings for installing dowels. Nageli square section are considered the most reliable type of connection that does not interfere with shrinkage.
How can you lengthen a beam? You can lengthen the beam in the following ways:
- docking;
- use of root thorns;
- half a tree;
- dovetail technique.
How to caulk a timber house during shrinkage. While the shrinkage process is taking place, the following materials can be used for caulking a residential building:
- jute fabric;
- tow;
- flax wool
How to lay the floor correctly
Insulation material, which also serves as sound insulation, is laid between two layers of the floor structure. The subfloor is created using edged boards.
How to insulate walls and floors
Materials for insulating walls and floors can be:
- sawdust;
- mineral wool;
- penofol;
- polystyrene foam
If timber with a section of 150x150 mm is used in the construction of a house, additional insulation flooring may not be produced.
Carrying out roofing work
The roof frame must consist of the following elements:
- a pediment made of timber boards, which serves as the end part of the structure;
- rafters - the main part of the roof structure;
- Mauerlat timber support;
- strut;
- rack.
What is interior decoration and how to build a staircase correctly
The list of installation works for interior decoration includes installation of floors and finishing of walls. To build an interfloor from scratch yourself wooden stairs, the following installation work will be required:
- Mounting stringers.
- Cutting openings to accommodate steps.
- Installing the bowstring.
- Fastening risers.
- Installation of steps.
- Installation of railings.
Despite the disadvantages, many people prefer to build a residential building from timber. However, even professional builders, before building a house, draw up a visual plan for its construction, and when implementing this plan, it is imperative to follow step by step instructions for installation work. You can find it in specialized construction manuals.
If you thoughtfully approach the study of theory, you will learn how to build a durable house from timber with your own hands.
The main advantages of this construction equipment are its relatively low cost, the ability to independently carry out all stages of construction, and the fact that construction can be completed in a short time.
