Scaffolding in the construction of a house from a bar. Construction of a house from a bar: types of construction timber, design features, stages of building a building. What is the attractiveness of building a house from a bar

The technology of building a house from a wooden beam is quite simple. Therefore, such cottages are being built everywhere and are one of the most common in the field of suburban housing in Russia. For this reason, it is worth considering in more detail the main features of the construction technology of timber houses.

What is the attractiveness of building a house from a bar?

The tree has a dense structure. This material is durable and has excellent sound insulation properties. Wooden walls are able to maintain a comfortable temperature inside the house. Of course, wood, like any material, has its drawbacks. It easily catches fire, deforms during shrinkage, and is susceptible to infection by insects and fungus. Consider all the features of this building material in more detail.

Advantages of log houses:

wood is a highly environmentally friendly material that goes well with the concept of a healthy life;
with proper processing and high quality of the initial raw materials, timber houses have good resistance to precipitation and temperature extremes;
this material has a relatively affordable price when compared with other building materials;
quick construction time for buildings (on average, a team of three people builds a house in a couple of weeks of medium size and low number of storeys);
the ability to build a house on your own (not a complicated technology).

Cons of timber houses:

The wood burns very well. Therefore, walls made of this material are treated with a special compound;
The tree is also subject to decay, therefore, during construction, houses are sheathed with siding, a blockhouse. With properly prepared raw materials, the house will stand for more than one hundred years.

Types of timber

When building houses from wood, the first thing, as a rule, is determined by the choice of material. It is important that the walls of the house are strong and can withstand a long service life.

The most suitable wood for construction is coniferous. It meets all sanitary and hygienic requirements. Buildings made of coniferous wood practically do not rot, do not crack, are distinguished by high strength and low weight. Therefore, among a wide variety of wood materials, coniferous timber is preferred in the construction of modern cottages.

The bar itself is of three types:

profiled;
Whole;
Glued.

Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages.

1. Cottages from profiled timber

Profiled timber may have spikes and grooves that are placed along its entire length at the stage of harvesting. The surface of the beam is carefully polished. Houses made of such material are resistant to deformation. The construction process itself is simple and does not take much time.

The finished walls of log houses are very warm. They do not require additional finishing. The beam profile is made in such a way that moisture will not get into the interventional seam. Therefore, the wood will not rot.

A house made of profiled timber does not need caulking. But in any case, the timber should be treated with special compounds that will protect it from the negative effects of the environment and make it fire resistant.

It is best to build a house from profiled timber that has undergone chamber drying. Then the walls of the finished building will not be covered with cracks.

2. Cottages from solid timber

As for a solid bar, it costs less than a profiled one. However, it doesn't look very attractive. The low cost is due to the high moisture content of the material. Due to this, the preparation of logs takes very little time.

For the construction of a residential building from a solid bar, special equipment is not needed. However, the walls of the finished house need additional finishing. In this case, a solid beam must be selected with great care. Otherwise, the walls of the house may turn out to be uneven.

Moreover, wood can be affected by fungus due to its natural moisture content. After all, a solid bar is not subjected to special drying. Therefore, it must be treated with antiseptics for protection.

Mezhventsovye seams between solid bars are strongly blown. It follows that the cost of heating a country house will be higher. It is worth adding that in the process of shrinkage, a solid timber can crack. Therefore, the walls of the cottage will have to be sheathed on both sides.

3. Glulam cottages

Perhaps this type of building material is the most practical and successful when building a country cottage made of wood. In the west, it is produced on an industrial scale, as houses from it are very popular. And this is primarily due to the fact that it combines excellent aesthetic and price characteristics.

This technology was first applied in Finland. The large pines that grow in abundance in this country were sawn into boards and then carefully dried, maintaining a certain percentage of moisture.

Such raw materials are called "lamels", and then glued beams are made from it. In this case, only high-quality wood is used, which has no defects. At the same time, each board is treated with a special antiseptic. From five lamellas and glue, a beam with a thickness of 250 mm is obtained at the exit.

The benefits of this material include:

low thermal conductivity;
high environmental performance;
light weight material;
high strength;
beautiful appearance.

The use of this interesting technology made it possible to significantly reduce the time for building a house, as well as to produce beams of various shapes (not only standard sizes). This significantly expands the possibilities in terms of architecture and design for those who are planning to build a dacha or a cottage.

According to its composition, the adhesive used in this technology has components that contribute to the moisture resistance and increased strength of the resulting timber. At the same time, manufacturers pay special attention to its safety. Since lamellas are glued to them, it is very important that it does not emit poisons and toxic substances that can harm human health. When the beam is ready, it is packed to avoid deformation and sent to the customer.

The walls of houses made of wood of this type have a number of significant advantages:

practically do not sit down;
are not subject to deformation;
have more durable characteristics than ordinary wood;
beautiful appearance and unusual architectural solutions.

How are log houses built? Construction stages

1. Project preparation

After selecting the material, it is necessary to draw up a project for the future home, taking into account all the nuances. Particular attention should be paid to the calculations, since it depends on how much material will have to be purchased. It is better to entrust the drafting of the project to experienced professionals who will take into account all the important factors.

2. Laying the foundation

When the project is ready, you can lay the foundation for a log house. The choice of foundation depends on the characteristics of the soil, the mass of the future cottage and its features.

The base for a wooden house can be built from concrete or wood. Often, builders prefer concrete foundations. However, some build it from wood. As for the type of foundation, a strip or shallow foundation is suitable for a wooden cottage.

3. Building walls

After laying the foundation, you can start building walls. They are erected in rows, that is, the timber is laid on the timber. The bars themselves must have grooves that are needed to fasten the logs. The grooves are necessarily insulated.

For greater strength, the bars are also connected to each other with spikes. All seams between the bars must be caulked so that drafts do not penetrate inside the house. When the walls are ready, they should be treated with antiseptics.

4. Roof installation and floor laying

It is impossible to save on the installation of the roof. Its shape can be varied - both single-sided and double-sided. It is important to choose the right material for the roof, to produce high-quality insulation.

To install the rafters, you will need boards of different sizes. So, for racks and braces you will need boards 10 centimeters wide and 4 centimeters thick. To install the rafters, you will need boards 15 wide and more than 4 centimeters thick. Roofing can be of different types. The main thing is that the selected material has a long service life.

As for laying floors in timber cottages, here the floorboard is first laid. After that, intermediate boards are laid. A heater is placed between them.

5. About finishing

The last stage is the interior decoration, window and door openings. At the same stage, the draft floor is laid and the ceiling is installed. Both the floor and the ceiling are additionally insulated with special materials. After that, both surfaces are finished with a finish coat. In the process of finishing, all communications are also installed.

If we talk about the exterior decoration of the walls of the house, then it is carried out at the request of the owner. It is worth noting that the exterior finish may not be needed if the timber was chosen to be of high quality.

Features of the construction of cottages from glued beams

As soon as the construction of glued beams is installed, they begin to finish it. These are the rules of technology. It usually takes about 1-2 months to build a house and finish it. But there are exceptions, projects that require longer work, such as a large area of the house.

In cottages made of glued laminated timber, you can not use insulation at all, since there are no gaps and distances between the elements. The strength of the products is high, there is no cracking or danger of splitting the beam from stress, as when using conventional material.

The so-called thermal wall is often used, which allows you to make a wall from 50 mm to 200 mm thick. On so-called runners, the insulating material is attached to the wall. Mineral wool is used as an insulating material.

Usually, the bars are connected with an insulating tape, because of this, the corner joints in the house are always warm. Thanks to the ability to use the smallest knots of wood, the design comes out reliable and warm. After the design is installed in it without any problems, you can bring all communications, make a hidden wiring.

How to choose a project?

Many architectural workshops are ready to offer very beautiful and functional projects of houses from glued beams. If you have never built yourself, then it makes sense to trust such a company to prepare a thoughtful design and size of the house.

The project can be made like a Russian hut, a merchant's house, or made in the spirit of a European chalet. Many are attracted by cottages made of glued laminated timber on 2 or 3 floors, which have large terraces and balconies. Large panoramic windows look very nice in such houses. And if there is still a beautiful garden on the site and a forest nearby, then this layout of the house should be used to enjoy the views from the window.

Glued laminated timber is an expensive material and the budget for building from it should sometimes be several times higher than for houses made from ordinary timber. The high price is offset by increased resistance to moisture, greater strength, the walls hold heat well, so you can not be afraid and choose this material for a country house in which you plan to live all year round. It won't be cold. But again, it is necessary to observe correctly all the construction technology.

Professional builders like to work with glued laminated timber, as it has proven itself both in the construction of capital country houses and in the construction of small summer cottages.

The technology of building a wooden house from a bar with your own hands in stages. Those who have a country house, like no one else, are interested in building a wooden house. If you build a residential building from a bar, you will have comfortable housing, which differs from many buildings in high quality.

The technology of building a house from a bar is simple, and anyone who knows how to use or an electric saw can take up this business.

Let's take a look at how it all works.

With the choice of materials, construction begins. The main thing at this stage is to choose high-quality material. What do you need to know to make the right choice?

Properties such as strength and density are inherent in wood, and this can even be compared with metals, which means that the requirements for choosing a material for are many times higher. In a wooden house, the walls must be durable, have a long service life, and will also be excellent sound insulators. In addition, wooden walls must maintain the temperature in the house. But wood also has a number of disadvantages, since it does not have fire resistance, with sedimentary deformation, which can appear soon after construction.

Building a house

We design

Next, you need to be even more careful, since creating a project at home is not so simple. When planning, you should carefully calculate everything, as this will play an important role when buying material. You can draw the project yourself, but there are many companies that will provide you with ready-made plans that meet the wishes of the customer. If you contact a construction company, the plan will be developed according to all geometric rules, and such a factor as seismic resistance and others will also be taken into account.

Foundation set of timber

When you have dealt with the project, you should proceed to. The technology for building a house from a bar is also designed for the presence of a foundation, which must fully comply with all standards of strength and reliability.

Factors

The foundation and its choice depends on such factors:

Characteristics of the soil on which it will be.
Estimated load weight.
Structural features.

The foundation is wooden and. Some developer companies prefer a concrete base on which to lay out, and only after that, walls made of timber. But there are those who want a completely wooden house.

Kinds

Another foundation happens:

Shallow
Deep laying.

The most common of them are shallow and. According to technology, it should have a depth of 0.5 to 0.7 m.

Building a house

After everything is ready with the foundation, the construction of the log house begins. In this case, it is important to choose the right assembly. The technology for building walls from timber is produced in rows. By analogy, in such houses, the timber is laid on the timber, like layers of lettuce, on top of each other. Thus, you will gradually build walls.

The logs that will be used for construction have special grooves that make it possible to make a tight connection. For insulation at the joints, a special material is used. You can strengthen the walls and make them stronger thanks to the spikes that connect the bars.

In a simplified version of the construction, raw pine timber is used. It is very light and does not require the use of a crane.

After that, when building a house from a bar, you need to take into account some of the nuances. The seams must be caulked so that there is no blowing, and the walls must be treated with certain substances to ensure their fire resistance and strength.

Floor installation and roof construction

Quite often, when building a house from beams, they use cheap material like. But the roof in such a house should not be of poor quality, which means that it is impossible to save on this element. It can be of any kind, it all depends only on the truss systems and the type of roof. On each section of the roof you need to install boards. For braces and racks, boards of 10 * 4 cm are usually taken, and for rafters 15 * 4.

After the construction of the roof, you need to proceed to. It is done in two stages: first, the floorboard is laid, and after the intermediate ones, a heat insulator must be laid between them.

Interior decoration

The final stage in the technology of building a house from profiled timber is the finishing of the house from the inside. This includes the installation of partitions and frames, door frames, a rough flooring is laid, on which insulation will then be laid. At the end, we finish it all with a finish coat. In addition, all communications are laid - water supply, electricity, sewerage and heating.

Those who own a suburban area are always interested in building wooden houses. Having built a log house, you will get your own high-quality house, which will also be comfortable. The very technology of building a house from a bar is quite simple, and anyone who has experience with an electric saw or a chainsaw can take up this business.

So, let's look at what the technology for building log houses with your own hands looks like:

Choice of timber

With this, we will begin our construction. The most important thing at this stage is to choose the highest quality material. What should we know about it?

Wood has such qualities as density and strength, and this is comparable even with many metals, therefore, quite strict requirements are imposed on the wooden structures of the house. The walls of a wooden house should be characterized by strength, long service life, as well as reliable sound insulation. In addition, wooden walls must provide an acceptable temperature in the house. However, wood has its drawbacks, it is not resistant to fire, it has sedimentary deformation, which can manifest itself in the first few years.

Coniferous wood meets all sanitary and hygienic requirements, for this very reason, walls built from this material will last a long time. Softwoods are resistant to decay and cracking, they are also very light and durable. The right choice of timber and competent timber construction technology is the key to a good home, so you should purchase dense and wear-resistant wood.

There are two types of timber - profiled and solid. Consider their main pros and cons.

A profile is set in a profiled beam, which can be with spikes, or maybe with crown grooves. These joints are made along the entire length of the material, and then the surface is polished. The finished timber is delivered to the construction site, it remains only to assemble the house itself from the elements. Undoubtedly, houses made of profiled timber have significant advantages:

These houses are very resistant to deformation, construction costs are low, and assembly is not difficult.
Thanks to the exact shape of the material, which is made at the factory, you can build quickly and efficiently, this material makes the appearance more interesting, and also improves the thermal performance of the walls.
Smooth surface of the walls, which does not need additional wall cladding, as without it they have a wonderful view.
There will be no center of decay, which appears due to rainwater and melted snow, since the profile is designed in such a way that all this will not fall into the interventional seam.
After the shrinkage of the house from the profiled timber, the caulk is not needed.
Good thermal insulation and protection against blowing are guaranteed, since the crowns are characterized by a tight connection.

Among the shortcomings can be identified:

Such a beam is exposed to the negative effects of weather conditions, it is also combustible.
To increase the fire retardant and bioprotective properties, impregnation with special means is needed.
Due to the natural moisture, cracks form when dried in the warm season. Therefore, it is better to choose a bar that has undergone chamber drying, and the humidity has decreased to at least 20%.
Also, the thickness of the walls made of profiled timber is not suitable for operation in the winter. In this case, it is recommended to make additional wall insulation, but from the outside.
After the house is built from a bar, work aimed at redevelopment or a superstructure will not be possible.

Now regarding the house from a solid bar. Despite its not very beautiful appearance, the construction of this type of timber has several advantages:

Its price is quite low, because the natural moisture is retained during the preparation of the tree, and this makes the preparation process very quick and easy.
This material is widespread, that is, it can be purchased not only in a construction company, but also in every specialized market where building materials are sold, this is beneficial, since the cost of delivering timber is not needed.
From the moment of purchase, delivery will be carried out as soon as possible (up to 10 days), this is all due to the simplicity and speed of production of the material, as well as its popularity.
To build a house from a solid bar, you do not need to use special equipment.

Of the minuses, the following can be distinguished:

Extra finishing costs. To get the finished look of the house, you need to finish it with clapboard or siding.
You should carefully choose a beam, try to find high quality, otherwise problems will arise, since the beam may not comply with GOST, which will lead to uneven walls.
Wood can be affected by fungus, since this material has a natural moisture content and does not go through a special drying process. Of course, it is possible to treat the material with antiseptic agents, which will destroy the fungus and there will be no re-infection, but this will lead to additional costs and wasted time.
Strong blowing of mezhventsovy seams. The house will be worse at keeping warm.
Significant cracking of the solid timber. After shrinkage and shrinkage, cracks appear, only sheathing on both sides can save the case.

We prepare materials

The next point in the technology of building houses from a bar involves the purchase of the material necessary for the construction of the building. You can buy ready-made material. In this case, all the bars are cut to the dimensions provided by the customer, the grooves are also already cut out, it remains just to lay out the house as a constructor.

Of course, you can prepare the material yourself, but here you need to take into account all the factors: you should definitely choose a healthy tree, without large or through cracks, it is also important to pay attention to the fact that the tree is not eaten by beetles (bark beetle, etc.). The logs should be cut evenly, and the material should be treated with special antiseptics.

Drawing up a project at home

Next, what should be done is to draw up a project for a future wooden house. When drawing up a plan, it is worthwhile to carefully and accurately calculate the calculations, since in the future this will play a role in the purchase of material.

You can draw a project yourself, and there are many companies that will provide a ready-made plan based on the wishes of the customer. By contacting a construction company, the plan will be drawn in compliance with all geometric rules, and seismic resistance and other important factors will also be taken into account.

Timber foundation set

Having dealt with the project of the building, it's time to start the foundation. The construction technology of a log house provides for a foundation, which must necessarily meet all standards of strength and reliability.

The choice of foundation depends on the following parameters:

Characteristics of the base of the soil;
The magnitude of the future load;
Features of the building.

The foundation can be:

Concrete;
Wooden.

Some builders choose a concrete base, on which they lay out a brick base, and only then lay out the walls from a bar. And there are people who want to have a completely wooden structure, from the base to the roof.

There is also a foundation:

Deep laying;
shallow laying;
Tape;
Column Foundation

Most often, at the base of a log house lies a strip or shallow foundation. The technology requires laying this type of foundation at a depth of 50-70 cm.

After laying the foundation, you should begin to build a log house. Here the main thing is to choose the correct assembly specifics. The technology of building walls from timber is carried out in rows. As in layered salads, layer upon layer is laid down, so in wooden buildings, timber is laid on timber, and thus a wall is erected.

The logs used to build the building have grooves that allow the logs to be tightly connected to each other. To insulate the grooves, a certain material is used. To strengthen the strength of the walls of the house, be sure to use the spikes that connect the bars.

For a simplified version of the construction of a log house at home, it is best to use untreated pine timber. The beam itself is very light and therefore does not require any intervention of lifting machines.

In addition, when building a house from a bar on your own, a number of nuances should be taken into account. All seams must be well caulked to avoid wind blowing, and the walls of the house themselves must be treated with special substances that would ensure their strength and fire resistance.

Roof erection and floor installation

Very often, when building the roof of a house from a bar with their own hands, they try to use cheaper material, such as odulin. However, the installation of a roof on such a house should not be based on saving material, and therefore saving money. The roof can be of different options, it all depends on the roofing and truss systems. For each section of the roof, it is recommended to use boards of different sizes. For example, boards 10x4 cm thick are taken for racks and braces, and 15x4 cm for rafters.

After the completion of the construction of the roof, it is time to proceed to the flooring. The floor is made in two stages, first the floorboard is laid, and then the intermediate boards, between which the heat-insulating material is laid.

Home decoration

At this last stage, the installation of internal interior partitions, window frames, as well as door frames should be completed. In addition, a rough flooring of the floor and ceiling is installed, then a heater is laid on it, then the floor and ceiling must be finished with a finishing coating. At the same stage, communication networks are being laid - electrics, water supply, sewerage and heating.

As for the exterior decoration of a house made of timber, everything here depends on the wishes of the future owner. You can leave the house in a rustic style, that is, without exterior finishes, unless of course the quality and type of timber allow it, or you can paint the house if you want to give the house color and zest.

The decision to build a house from a bar is not taken immediately and not suddenly. It's just that this technology, with a simpler assembly of walls, allows you to get excellent characteristics for housing: for the Moscow region, a beam of 195 mm thick is enough. With such a thickness of the outer walls, it will be warm, but to save on heating, it is better to insulate it (outside 10 mm of mineral wool) and make a ventilated facade. Then there will be more savings on heating.

Plasticity in processing is one of the advantages of wood

What wood to choose

Coniferous wood is usually used to build a house. There are several reasons. Firstly, the high content of resins, which are natural preservatives and antiseptics. Due to their presence, the wood is not destroyed for a long time. Secondly, affordable price. You can, of course, build a house from beech or oak timber, but the price will be simply sky-high. Thirdly, the wood is soft and easy to process.

Of all conifers, most often they put a house from a pine beam. With good performance, it is relatively inexpensive. Houses made of larch and cedar are rarely built: they are too expensive. From spruce even less often, but for a different reason: it is destroyed the fastest, and even difficult to process. So, regarding the type of wood, there is, in fact, no choice. 95% is pine. But with the type of timber you need to understand.

According to the processing method, timber happens:

Ordinary or solid, unplaned timber. Sawn from a solid log, the section is a quadrilateral (square or rectangle).
Profiled bar. It is also sawn from a solid log, but after it is processed: spikes and grooves are formed with milling cutters - profiles with which one beam is joined to another. The side faces are also processed. They come out of the machine already planed. The section is of complex shape. The side faces can be even, rounded, curly - with chamfers, the shape of the "castle" - numerous beards and recesses.
Glued beam. Outwardly similar to profiled, but assembled (glued) from several boards.

We will analyze the features of each type of timber, regarding the construction of a house.

House made of ordinary timber

If earlier they said that they decided to build a house from a bar, then they clearly understood the usual rectangular bar. There was simply no other, or it was too expensive: it was brought from abroad. Ordinary timber is the most affordable, if we take the cost per cubic meter. But, as a result of all the required measures, the cost of construction may be higher than from a profiled one. It's all about the characteristics of the material. They lead to significant additional costs even at the construction stage: when building a house from unplaned timber, interventional insulation is necessarily used. Its geometry is not ideal, and if this is not done, it will be very strong to blow through the gaps between the crowns. The second feature is that the surface of the walls turns out to be uneven and one cannot do without finishing inside and outside.

In addition to laying the interventional layer, the delivered log house is caulked, additionally sealing the seams. A caulk is needed not one, but at least two, sometimes more. And all because it is made from wood of natural moisture. In practice, this has the following consequences:

Another feature of a house made of ordinary timber: the walls are uneven. To give them a “decent” look, they are either sheathed with finishing materials or polished. But grinding is a controversial undertaking: the interventional sealant makes it almost impossible. Even if you manage to grind the timber, where to put the seams?

So it turns out that the cost of the house as a result may be more: add interventional insulation, material for caulking and the work itself (and it is not cheap), the cost of exterior and interior decoration to the cost of the timber. Please also note that moldings are brought to your site - bars of the ordered length. The bowls are sawn on the spot. This means that the qualifications of carpenters must be high. How the cut is made determines how warm the corners will be. And in a log house, it is the corners that are the most problematic place.

Features of profiled timber

Considering a profiled beam, the first thing that catches your eye is the almost perfect geometry and smooth surfaces. Anyway, that's how it should be. With good workmanship, finishing is not needed: the wall immediately turns out to be even and smooth, even if it is immediately ready for painting.

The second, also quite obvious feature, is due to the fact that the edges that join two profiled beams have recesses and protrusions (locks) through slots cannot be. Manufacturers of profiled timber say that it is possible to lay walls without interventional insulation: it will be warm anyway. But few people listen to them. They put at least a thin, but a heater. Someone uses a thin substrate for a laminate, someone uses a self-expanding tape for mounting plastic windows, as well as jute tape and similar materials.

In the photo, by the way, the most common profile among developers lately is the “comb”. It can have a “tooth” of different heights and widths, and is loved by everyone because, in theory, it is impossible to “blow through” it. However, even here they insure themselves by laying insulation.

Several typical beam profiles (the two on the far right in the picture are glued beams, but profiled beams are made of exactly the same profile)

In general, there are a lot of profiles. Some of them are in the photo. When choosing a supplier, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the shape of the locks, but also to how they are made. Matching in any pair should be maximum.

Having decided to build a house from a bar with a profile, you need to decide on its moisture content. Profiled timber can be of natural humidity (cheaper), it can be chamber dried with a moisture content of no more than 14-16%. Features of lumber of natural moisture have already been considered, now let's talk about chamber drying. The company installs large drying cabinets, into which the finished profiled timber is loaded. There, at elevated temperatures, it loses excess moisture. At the same time, all the processes that usually accompany the drying of wood take place in the chamber: it bursts, it twists. Accordingly, part goes into marriage, and the rest is sold at a higher price. The reasons seem to be clear.

If you decide to build a house from kiln-dried timber, you can start finishing earlier. The log house should still stand, but it will take 9-12 months. At the same time, new cracks are rarely formed, only existing ones expand. But it should be borne in mind that due to the high cost of drying, most often they only reduce the humidity to operational - 16-18%, while chamber drying is considered wood 8-12%.

Either way, gaps will need to be sealed. The caulk is needed in very limited volumes: first of all, you will have to look through all the corners and cuts, if any (this is the name of the places where the walls are attached). Even a well-made bowl can dry out unevenly, causing a gap to appear. Also, the beam can turn out, which will also lead to the appearance or expansion of the gap. So a periodic revision of the corners is also required during operation. Wood is a living material and will change all the time. Also, after a year of sludge, too large cracks in the timber will have to be repaired (without fanaticism, so that the tow does not open the crack).

The frame is assembled from numbered blanks with a molded bowl (numbers in blue on the ends)

It may be easier with the assembly. If you simply order lumber, you can cut corners from a profiled beam, as from a regular one, on the site. But many enterprises, in the presence of a project, offer to take on part of the work. With the help of a special program, they make a layout on the beam: they make a list of "spare parts" from which the house will be assembled. Then, according to this list, blanks are cut out, and with molded thickets. The blanks are numbered and brought ready to the site, where it remains to fold the house, like a designer: folding the bars according to the numbers marked on the plan.

This is convenient, especially if you are going to cost a house with your own hands without construction experience. It is clear that the service is not free, but you can save on paying for carpenters: it is not required to assemble such a highly qualified designer. Only in this case, whether your house will be warm or not depends on how accurately the bowls are made at the factory. Sometimes there are companies that make very low-quality cuts. You can see a few of these in the photo.

Poorly made bowls - it will blow incredibly, and the caulk will not save you well

In general, there are pluses and minuses, but compared to ordinary timber, profiled timber is more convenient in construction, and at a price it can also come out cheaper, if you count with finishing.

Glued laminated timber

It is clear from the name that it consists of glued parts. First, the lamellas are sawn, they are treated with antiseptics, dried to a certain humidity, then glued. Due to the complex manufacturing process, the price tag of this material is approximately 2.5-3 times higher than that of conventional and 80-90% than profiled.

What are its advantages? Properly made, it does not crack, it does not lead: dry material cannot shrink, and glued beads should have a moisture content of no higher than 12-15%. Therefore, the finishing process, with a beam width sufficient to compensate for heat loss, can only be reduced to painting or varnishing, since protective impregnation is also carried out at the enterprise (should, in any case).

What does glued laminated timber and its profiles look like?

Another consequence of the lack of shrinkage is that after a few weeks the folded frame can be immediately put under the roof, and after a few more weeks you can start finishing. This time is necessary for the shrinkage of the bowls, and the geometric dimensions of the glued beam should not change. That is, a significant time saving is obtained - everything, including finishing work, can be done in one season.

But is glued beads really that good? In terms of build speed, yes. But it has serious shortcomings. First: it is glued. What crosses out one of the main advantages of wood - environmental friendliness. Secondly, its vapor permeability is low. Many people choose wooden houses precisely because of their ability to naturally regulate the humidity in the room. Glued laminated timber is deprived of this due to the presence of layers of glue. Of all the advantages of wood, only an attractive appearance remains, but finished with a clapboard of the appropriate profile or a block house, it looks exactly the same. Therefore, the use of glued laminated timber for building a house is a very controversial issue.

Stages of building a house from a bar

A log house has several advantages:

The walls are light, which is why the load on the foundation is low, which means that the cost of its installation will be lower.
Wood is an elastic material and it compensates for small movements in the foundation without compromising the integrity of the building. And this, again, allows you to make shallow foundations on well-draining soils.

The choice of the type of foundation depends largely on the soil, but most often they do it, if there is no need for a basement, you can put a columnar (for small buildings of temporary residence - cottages, baths, etc.) or or without). The choice should preferably be based on the results of geological studies. The process is described in more detail.

While the foundation is “setting”, prepare the wood. All timber and dowels are treated with antiseptics and fire retardants. Use compositions that do not form a film on the surface of the log. They will not interfere with the drying process. After preparing the timber, the actual construction of the house begins:

Cut-off waterproofing. So that the wood from the foundation does not draw moisture, it is necessary to lay a layer of hydrophobic material. Previously, two layers of roofing material were laid under the first crown. Today there are more modern materials - coating and rolled. You can use them, and in combination: coat, stick rolled.
Laying crown crown. The beam is chosen without signs of blue, with a minimum number of knots. Preferably - from the middle part of the tree - with the maximum density of annual rings. It is additionally treated with impregnations designed for wood in direct contact with the ground. In order to ensure better preservation of the first crown, there is a trick: a wide board impregnated with bituminous mastic with working off is laid on the waterproofing. Another layer of waterproofing is placed on it, and on top - the first crown. All these layers are connected to the foundation with studs, which are poured into the foundation.
Draft floor. Floor logs are attached to the first crown - a bar with a section of 150 * 100 mm. They are laid out in increments of at least 70 cm. To make it more convenient to work, the subfloor boards are laid out along the logs without nailing them.
Assembly of walls from a bar. If a wall kit with ready-made bowls is not ordered, they are “slaughtered”. Cut out according to the pattern. A template is drawn from a piece of plywood, it is outlined, then it is cut out. A chainsaw is used more often, but a rather high degree of tool proficiency is required: how warm the house will be depends on the accuracy of the sawing. The forms of connecting the beam are in the picture.

We have already talked about laying interventional insulation: when using an ordinary beam, it is mandatory, under a profiled one it is desirable in bowls, the rest is optional. Between themselves, the crowns are connected by dowels - long round bars carved from a single piece of wood, dowels - rectangular in shape or studs - metal rods. In any case, a hole is drilled under the connection, into which the connecting element is hammered.

The order of work depends on the type of roof chosen. When arranging a simple installation, rafter legs are installed, with a different order. A windproof membrane is rolled out and fixed onto the assembled truss system. In this form, the house is left for a long time to shrink.
Door and window openings. For speedy shrinkage and shrinkage, you can cut window and door openings, put a pigtail or fixing strips. Door and window blocks are not installed until the end of the main shrinkage.

After a year or two, you can start finishing work. All the time while the log house is settling, it is necessary to monitor the processes occurring in the wood. It is immediately necessary to inspect the corners and, if necessary, caulk them. Then monitor their condition, as well as the joints of the timber. If the dowels were driven in with great effort, during shrinkage, the timber may hang on them, which causes cracks to form. You can solve the problem by hanging around: they take a huge wooden hammer and knock on the walls, causing faster shrinkage. The same technique is used if the house sits too slowly.

The video shows the main stages of how to build a house from a bar. Despite the lyrical digressions, a lot of valuable information.

How to build a house from a bar: photo report

They built such a house.

We ordered a wall kit according to the project, a strip foundation was poured under it.

They brought blanks with sawed-down bowls. They were carefully unloaded, while examining for flaws. One beam turned out to be problematic - it was in the middle of the bundle and suffocated - it was covered with a fungus. It was postponed for a separate "treatment". The rest were covered with impregnation (Valti Pohjust) and stacked.

So that there are no problems with the fungus, a gasket is laid under each - boards lying across.

Also, rolls of insulation and dowels were purchased. Nagels were sent to bathe in impregnation. Impregnation was poured into the old bath and left for half a day, then taken out and dried.

On the waterproofing laid on the foundation, the first crown was laid out - a half-beam. It has no grooves at the bottom.

It was pulled to the foundation with anchors to studs cast into concrete.

Laid the first crown. The one that was previously fixed on the foundation is often called "zero".

Let's change the diagonals. In order for the cups to fit without problems and there is no skew, they must be equal. The allowable skew is a couple of millimeters.

Having aligned the diagonals, we drill holes for the dowels. So that there were no holes larger / smaller than necessary in length, a limiter tree was planted on the drill.

The walls are gradually rising. In a checkerboard pattern, we fasten them with dowels.

In general, the timber is more or less normal, but there are problems with incorrectly sawn cups. When laying the timber, we get a huge gap. The only way to deal with this is to manually adjust the cups so that everything lies flat.

It takes a lot of time to eliminate these inconsistencies, but gradually all the walls are laid out.

Walls made of profiled timber are driven out

We proceed to the assembly of the truss system. First, as is customary, two extreme farms are installed, then everything else, according to the project.

The finished crate was sheathed with roofing felt. Let's leave the house to dry.

Inside we lay out the boards of the subfloor, nailing every fifth. They will dry with the house.

Choice of wood type

Before you get acquainted with the design itself and find out the features of its installation, we suggest considering the characteristics of the types of wood used for these purposes. Currently, manufacturers prefer softwood:

pine;
fir;
larch.

Distinctive properties of wood species

Very rarely, but still, in this segment there are also deciduous trees, for example, birch. It may mistakenly seem that coniferous materials are identical, but they have significant differences, and we cannot but mention them:

spruce and fir are considered the most affordable;
spruce allows you to achieve a uniform color, since such material is characterized by ideal uniformity;
fir has very beautiful fibers, but unfortunately it is less short-lived. 2 years after the log house is ready, you will find that some of the fibers will begin to darken;
country houses made of larch are the most practical, because such material is absolutely not afraid of a humid environment, it is durable, and this is precisely its advantages;
birch timber is popular because of the affordable price, but the quality here is also not high, which is not suitable for the construction of suburban dwellings, so experts categorically advise against considering such wood, as well as fir, as a raw material, since here the minuses clearly outweigh the pros.

Wood moisture meter - needle moisture meter

Before proceeding with the assembly of the log house, you need to pay attention to the moisture content of the timber. Without checking its level, which should be within 23%, the material cannot be used. If you neglect this rule, after some time you may encounter severe cracking of the structure. Therefore, at the acceptance stage, we recommend purchasing or renting a moisture meter, with which you can easily measure the moisture content of the incoming timber.

Now the blanks are dried either naturally or with the help of drying chambers. In the first case, we are faced with a long process, so modern manufacturers prefer chamber drying. Such a process occurs quickly, but here the cost of paying for the energy carrier increases, the material becomes more expensive and this affects the final cost for the buyer.

Description and characteristics

A beam is a log with beveled edges, mostly square in section, which can have various section sizes. This configuration is full of advantages, and above all, it is the correspondence of the thickness along the entire length, which simplifies the finishing process of suburban buildings. Also here you can save on insulation. Wood acquires special properties after it has been treated with special impregnations that protect against moisture, combustion, and putrefactive processes.

Connection of elements

The connection of the bars can be carried out in various ways:

thorn-groove;
in half;
butt;
on dowels, etc.

The simplest bunch can be called “butt”, and it is with such a system that the products from which economy-class country log cabins are built are equipped. You can assemble it yourself easily and quickly, but you need to remember about the “cold” lock, which needs to be additionally insulated to prevent drafts and cold air masses from entering the living quarters.

The butt joint is the coldest, therefore it requires additional insulation. Try to use a different type of joint.

Profiled timber

It has a special comb geometry of the joint, which makes the connection very tight and windproof. Now very often for year-round living they build structures from just such a material, because it has undeniable advantages over ordinary timber.

Profiled timber is made from solid logs that are planed on all sides, have an ideal moisture level, and are of the same thickness along the entire length.

Pros and cons of profiled material

The advantages of this technology include:

simple installation scheme;
strictly verified dimensions of lumber, set by professional equipment;
joints in the form of planting bowls and grooves prevent cracking of wood during year-round operation

glued construction

The production of products of this type consists in the use of lamellas glued together. In order for the finished product of modern industry to be durable and serve for a long time, the drying process is carefully controlled. The technological instruction for gluing individual segments involves placing the best types of wood in the outer part of the glued beam.

Between themselves, the bars are fastened with spikes and grooves, which is very practical and easy to implement. The technology for the construction of such houses is available even for inexperienced developers, so that everyone can do most of the work with their own hands. The finished structure is lightweight, the log house is resistant to decay, its elements do not crack and are not afraid of aggressive manifestations of the environment.

Construction technology

Now the most popular are single-story log cabins, but you can choose any project for yourself, including several levels, it all depends on the wishes and capabilities of the developers. Consider a step-by-step scheme for the construction of a country log house.

Foundation

First of all, you need to choose the type of foundation. It must be strong enough to reliably support the weight of the house with the roof. You can opt for - this is the most common and versatile option.

Strip foundation - the most popular type for a house made of timber

But if the soil on the site is loose, give preference, and the scheme for laying it looks like this:

the marking of the site is carried out with the allocation of the boundaries of the future house;
a trench is dug with a depth below the freezing point of the soil (at least 60 cm);
the trench is supplied with a sand and gravel cushion, while each layer is rammed to squeeze air out of loose rocks;
concrete mortar is poured.

The device of house structures

The first crown is laid on top. Its function can be performed by an ordinary roofing material laid on a foundation screed. Make sure that the roofing material is 35 - 40 cm wider than the finished base.

It is very important that all wooden elements are pre-treated with antiseptic agents, because even if you mount country houses made of heavy-duty wood, it may eventually lose its properties under the influence of external factors, which will lead to rotting of the material and, as a result, to deformation of the structure.

Features of the connection of the crowns

The strength of the timber walls is ensured by a special fastening method. The frame is assembled using the tenon-groove method. The starting board must be firmly fixed to the foundation, and it is laid both on the insulation and on the frame (crate) knocked down from the rails. The crowns are connected with each other by wooden or metal dowels.

Sealing of rows and insulation of joints with jute cloth and plait

All subsequent crowns are mounted on a seal that prevents condensation and mold infection. Thanks to the interventional sealant, the log house acquires additional strength and tightness.

Corner connections

Beam extension

Due to inexperience, it may seem that the disadvantage of a log cabin is the mismatch between the length of their walls and the length of the log, but this is absolutely not a problem if you ensure high-quality joining of the seams. All that is needed in this case is to slightly shift each next joint, which will avoid the formation of a long continuous seam. This method is vaguely reminiscent of the dressing of brickwork and it is quite simple to implement.

Roof and floors

Floor laying is also carried out according to the standard.

The flooring can be laid in several ways, but the most optimal option is “floating” floors, because they do not create noise and vice versa, thanks to their special design, they absorb extraneous sounds. We recommend that you read the article about.

Comparing the pros and cons of technology and the construction process itself, it is safe to say that the advantages here outweigh by a huge margin. If you do not have a ready-made cottage, but have a plot and a strong desire to have your own house, we advise you to opt for a log house.