The better to fix the crate with nails or screws. How to make a roof sheathing. Types of roofs and the main elements of the roof structure

The installation of the roof refers to the final stage in the construction of the house. The support system of the rafters consists of several stages, and one of them is the crate, it is on it that the selected roofing material will subsequently be attached, this is a kind of frame for the roof. The quality of the crate is directly related to the life of the roof.

Do-it-yourself roof lathing is not such a difficult process, it is quite possible to handle it yourself.

First, decide how exactly you want to do the job:

1. The material is laid quite tightly, fastened to the rafters, a solid surface is obtained.
2. A flooring is created from a moisture-resistant sheet OSB (it is also considered durable), as a result, any roof can be attached to the resulting surface.
3. The bars are laid on the rafters laid across (parallel to the ridge), then either boards or bars are laid on top in the direction from the ridge to the overhang.

Fastening is carried out with the help of nails, it is important that their length is not more than the thickness of the boards (or bars, if they are used). It is recommended to treat the tree with protective agents against water and microbes before starting work, installation is recommended only with dry material. Also an important question is what the roof will be made of, since the crate under different types roofs will have different features.

Main varieties

For pitched roofs apply the following types:

1. Solid roof sheathing. It is most often used under bitumen tiles and roll roofing. This type is performed with edged board, chipboard, plywood or moisture resistant OSB. The material is fastened with a gap of 3 to 5 mm along the girders and rafters, this is necessary in order to compensate for thermal expansion.
2. Sparse. In this form, a distance of 70 to 75 cm is allowed when using slate, up to 1.5 m when using a metal profile with a medium wave. This type can be made of both wood and metal.
3. Standard. This type is used more often than others, the allowable step is from 30 to 40 cm, specific figures depend on what kind of roof will be used and what weight.

The step may also depend on the angle of the roof. Most often, a tree is still used for these purposes: either a board with a width of up to 150 mm, or a beam of 30x40 mm. One of modern species The material is a galvanized profile, it is used both for metal profiles and for other types of roofing.

Creating a frame for roll material

If you have chosen roll materials for the roof, then you need to know what features they will have:

• type of roof lathing - solid;
• the frame should not bend when people walk on it;
• you need to inspect the surface well so that there are no protruding nails (or hats) and other irregularities - they can damage the roof;
• gaps between boards are not allowed.

How to make a roof sheathing for further coating with rolled material: lay the beam in one layer, secure with rafters, then place the boards close on top. It is believed that tongue-and-groove boards are more suitable for these purposes due to their reliability.

The boards should have a width of 10 to 15 cm, if wider, then it is better to split them along the length. In order for the frame to be reliable, you need to join the boards, observing a checkerboard pattern. To roll material preserved intact, it is necessary to fasten boards with rounded edges at the end of the overhang.

Creation of a framework under a tile

tile has been considered an excellent roofing material for many years, only today its diversity is higher. What you need to know about do-it-yourself roof lathing for a future roof with tiles: you can get by with a frame in one layer. Bars with a cross section of more than 6 cm are nailed to the rafters, it is on them that tiles are subsequently placed (classic or metal tiles - it doesn’t matter).

The step in this case depends on the size of the drain and the tile itself. For higher reliability, the crate can be made in 2 layers using a size of the same diameter as the first layer. The tile should fit tightly to the bars, so it is important that it is mounted on a flat surface.

Creating a frame for a soft roof and slate

Soft roofing is increasing its popularity every year, it has such advantages as low price and ease of installation. How to make a roof sheathing for the further use of a soft roof:

• required solid view frame, that is, you need to sew the bars on the rafters and lay the edged board on top of it;
• if the boards are deformed from improper storage, they must be laid in such a way that the hump is at the bottom;
• you can make a crate from sheet material, attaching them to the first row of bars without gaps.

It is very important that there are no sharp edges, protruding parts, as this can damage the material of the future roof.

Creating a frame for slate. Although slate is losing popularity, it can also be found on the roofs of private houses. What you need to know about creating a crate for slate:

• it is allowed to do both in one layer and in two;
• the first layer of bars is fastened with nails parallel to the ridge to the rafters;
• allowable step - from 50 to 80 cm;
• boards are laid on the first layer either in a continuous or sparse layer in the direction of the slope;
• if the boards are laid in a sparse layer, the step should be from 60 to 80 cm, usually the width depends on the size of the slate sheets.

Slate is fixed in three places - in the middle and along the edges. To avoid deformation of the slate, you must follow the order: the odd beam is 3 cm higher than the even one.

Technology and installation features

As already mentioned, the roof with your own hands and, in particular, the installation of the frame is a simple process, the main thing is to be careful. The crate must always be mounted absolutely straight.

If there is a need to perform roof insulation, then waterproofing is laid during installation along the rafters. Then you need to mount the counter-lattice, this is necessary in order to create a ventilation gap (by increasing the distance between the waterproofing layer and the frame).

The crate is attached to all rafter legs, both nails and self-tapping screws can be used. What set you need to stock up, getting started:

• bars;
• boards;
• nails (or screws);
• a hammer;
• building level;
• saw (if you have to cut off the excess);
• if necessary - material for waterproofing.

In the course of work, the list can be supplemented, everything will depend on the type of frame chosen and on what kind of roof will be used. And, of course, a ladder, which will have to climb to the roof.

How to calculate elements: nuances

During installation wooden frame it is important to correctly calculate the elements. What affects the thickness of the crate:

• the greater the distance between the rafters, the thicker the frame;
• the weight of the roof plays an important role in choosing the thickness of the elements;
• snow weight in winter, that is, you need to rely on specific climatic conditions;
• the weight of a person who will be engaged in repair and maintenance work on the roof.

It is also necessary to carefully choose a tree: well dried, without defects, without large knots. It is advisable to inspect all stocks for defects before starting work.

Tiled roofs have been used by man since time immemorial. One can even safely say that such a coating is a kind of standard for an exemplary neat roof of a house. Once used everywhere, tiles with the advent of sheet roofing materials have somewhat "gone to the side." This was quite understandable: laying large sheets is incomparably easier than piece parts, and the base for sheeting is mounted much easier. Thus, tiles from the category of ordinary roofing gradually “migrated” to the elite group, accessible not to everyone, due to the complexity and high cost of creating such a roof.

However, manufacturers of roofing materials, responding to consumer requests, have found very profitable solution– a “symbiosis” of sheet and tile covering was created. That is, the result is a combination of simplicity and speed of laying, affordable price and opportunities self-assembly with an appearance that very reliably imitates natural piece tiling. We are definitely talking about metal roofing.

This roofing material immediately gained immense popularity. One of the reasons for this success was, for sure, the possibility of doing the installation of the coating with your own hands. It is simple if the roof lathing under the metal tile was correctly mounted. So let's see how to independently perform this stage of work in accordance with all the rules.

A few words about the metal tile and the principles of its fastening on the roof

In order to correctly understand the principle of creating a crate for roofing from a metal tile, one must have an idea about the structure of this material and how it is generally attached to the base.

What is a metal tile

So, a metal tile is a profiled metal sheet coated with a special protective and decorative coating. The material of manufacture is most often steel - cold-rolled sheets with a thickness of 0.4 to 0.7 mm. Much rarer, but still found metal-tiled aluminum and even copper coatings. They are, of course, much more expensive than steel ones, so they are not in particularly wide demand.

On the production line, metal sheets are passed through special machines, where, with the help of special shaped rollers, they are given the desired relief due to the plasticity of the metal.

The relief of the coating is designed in such a way that it reliably imitates the natural tile coating. These are the so-called modules located in horizontal and vertical rows, each of which is ready-made and is a “dummy” of piece tiles.

This form of relief, in addition to purely decorative qualities, gives a few more "preferences":

• Free descent of rain or melt water is provided - it simply rolls down the "steps", and when correct styling there are no prerequisites for stagnation.
• Embossed gives the metal sheet high performance spatial rigidity. So, the metal tile even outperforms the corrugated board in terms of the permissible load on the transverse bend, while not inferior in terms of the longitudinal bend.

Prices for metal tiles

metal tile

• The relief also serves as a kind of "castle" connecting adjacent sheets. Installation from this is greatly simplified, because even if desired, it is difficult to make a mistake. When laying the sheets, they are perfectly combined, overlapping modules one on top of the other, without requiring either longitudinal or transverse alignment. The overlap lines become almost imperceptible, and the tight fit of the "castle" sections guarantees reliable protection of the roof from leakage.

There are many varieties on sale, produced by domestic and foreign companies. Recently, small regional firms have appeared that have acquired and installed production lines, and now they independently produce metal tiles completely acceptable quality from finished steel sheets coated, thereby satisfying the demand for locality and the surrounding administrative region. But most often this is done anyway according to the “patterns” of well-established and proven models of well-known manufacturers.

Linear dimensions of sheets of metal

This publication does not aim to consider the aesthetic or operational advantages of metal tiles. We are more concerned with the question of how to ensure that these virtues are revealed in full force, that is, how to create all the necessary conditions for quality installation of the coating. But for this it is necessary to get acquainted with the geometric structure of the metal tile - with hermain lineparameters.

The main indicators are shown in the figure below:

1 - the total width of the sheet.

2 - useful sheet width. It, of course, is less than the general one, since the edge half-wave of the metal tile is designed to overlap with the adjacent sheet. When calculating the amount of material for the roof, they operate with this value.

3 - the total length of the metal tile sheet. It depends on the capabilities of a particular manufacturer and on the wishes of the customer. So, various firms offer consumers sheets with a length of 5÷6 to 8 meters. In fact, you can order material in such a way that one sheet covers the entire length of the slope from the eaves to the ridge. On the other hand, it is not always convenient for production installation work at a height - they are for the difficulty of raising a long sheet to the roof without the risk of its deformation. And, in general, it is undesirable to use sheets with a length of more than 4 meters. However, this rule is advisory in nature.

4 - module length or, as more often referred to as the longitudinal pitch of a metal tile. But this parameter is extremely important for arranging the crate, since the distance between its guides depends on it.

The diversity in this parameter is not so great. Most often you have to deal with metal tiles module pitch of 350 mm. Roofing with large long modules of 400 mm is also popular. However, there are models with a length of "tiles" of 300 mm, and models of the "Retro" type are also more "discrete" - with a longitudinal wave pitch of 200 and even 150 mm.

5 - wave height - for profiles various models may differ significantly. It is generally accepted that the higher the wave, the more pronounced the indicators of the spatial rigidity of the material and its resistance to external bending loads. True, this affects the useful width of the metal tile sheet - it becomes smaller.

6 - it is clear that since the sheet imitates the laying of a real tile, it has a stepped shape - each next module in the direction from bottom to top starts with a step. The height of this step can be different - from 10 to 20 or more mm, depending on the model.

Usually, in advertising materials and in the technical documentation for metal tiles, there is both a sketch of the coating and two schemes - a longitudinal and transverse configuration of the sheet. Understanding such a scheme is not difficult at all. It is clear that the choice is always made primarily by the external qualities of the roofing material, but knowing its geometric parameters is still no less important.

Prices for ondulin

Below is a table that may help you make a preliminary selection of roofing material. Along with the illustration, it also shows the main linear parameters of the most popular models.

[table id=1924 /]

How does the metal tile adhere and attach to the base?

In order for the roofing material, even with its considerable spatial rigidity, to have the ability to withstand external loads (snow, wind, etc.), it must have a reliable support. And due to the fact that the metal tile is given a stepped shape, each of the modules should have a point, or rather, a support line. That is, each "lower tooth" or, as they are also called, the sole of the profile must rest against the crate element. How it looks is shown in the diagram:

Fastening to the crate is made by roofing screws, which are placed directly under the step. The layout of the fasteners may vary from model to model, but basically they are screwed through one wave, both horizontally and along the slope line. In the edge zones (along the cornice, pediment, valley and ridge and along the sheet overlap line) usually mount produced in each batten guide .

These rules, basically, predetermine the design of the crate for the metal tile.

General principles for the design of the crate

The crate under the metal tile can be created solid or sparse.

Solid crate

A solid crate is mounted from sheets of moisture-resistant plywood or OSB, at least 10 mm thick, or from boards, however, laying them not completely solid, but at intervals of about 10 mm. Both options have their drawbacks.

• A solid board of sheet materials is, of course, very even, without any level differences, which sometimes happens with the use of poorly calibrated boards. However, in the context of the topic under consideration, this is where all its advantages end. But there are drawbacks, and very significant ones.

- Firstly, this business is very expensive, since both OSB, and, in particular, plywood will cost much more than ordinary lumber.

- Secondly, the tightest fit of the metal tile at the base over the entire area is by no means a blessing. The high thermal conductivity of the coating will necessarily lead to the formation of condensate even with daily temperature fluctuations. But a ventilated gap for the free evaporation of moisture and the release of water vapor is not provided for with this installation. That is, moisture will begin to accumulate under the roofing with all the ensuing (sometimes it has to be taken even literally) consequences.

Thirdly, if you look again to the diagram where it is shown how the modules of the metal tile rest against the base, it becomes clear that such a crate, in general, is not required at all.

For flexible shingles - yes, this becomes the best foundation. But for sheets of metal tiles, it is quite possible to apply cheaper and more practical solutions.

Prices for ceramic tiles

ceramic tiles

• A solid crate of boards, which are located with a small clearance from one another. This design is recommended at small angles of roof slope when installing a roof made of corrugated board, slate or, for example, from ondulin.

But the metal tile is fundamentally different from the roofing mentioned above already in that it rests on the surface not along the entire length in the direction of the slope, but only along the line of steps between the modules.

Let's look at a similar diagram again:

As you can see, some of the guides, and - quite impressive, does not perform any bearing role at all, since the profiled sheet simply does not rely on them (circled for example with a large ellipse). In addition, it is impossible to exclude the possibility that during the installation of sheets of metal tiles, the self-tapping screw will fall either between the boards of the crate, or into the edge of the board, thereby causing a chip or not providing reliability attachment at this point.

In other words, there is no technological need for a continuous board crate, and in terms of the economy of spending materials, it will be great to lose to a sparse one. This can be clearly seen below, when it comes to materials.

Sparse crate under the metal tile

This option appears the most optimal. As it has probably already become clear, it is necessary to place the guide battens in such a way that the sole of each horizontal row of metal tile modules has both a reliable support from below and a sufficient width of the material for screwing in a roofing screw.

Element load-bearing structure roofing, on which the roofing is directly attached, is called the crate. The reliability of the roofing and the entire roof as a whole will depend on the correct choice of material, on how professionally the lathing was installed.

It must be remembered that for each material the construction of a crate is required according to optimal parameters that are recommended by the manufacturer.

Types of lathing and materials from which it is mounted

Typically, the following types of battens are used on pitched roofs:

• Solid. It is used in the case of laying rolled roofing materials, bituminous tiles. It is made from edged boards or, recently, more and more often you can see the use of moisture-resistant OSB, plywood, chipboard. Sheets of such materials are attached to rafters and girders with a small (3-5mm) gap, it is left to compensate for thermal expansion.
• Sparse. The distance between the elements of this type of lathing ranges from 70-75 cm for asbestos-cement slate to 1.5 meters when laying a metal profile having an average wave height. Such a crate can be made from wooden elements, and metal.
• Standard crate. It is used for most roofing, its pitch can vary between 30-40 cm, it all depends on the coating used, and the weight of the material.

For some coverings, the pitch of the lathing is highly dependent on the angle of the roof. For example, ondulin on sloping roofs (up to 10 degrees) lies on a continuous crate, at angles of inclination of 10-15 degrees, the crate should have a pitch of no more than 450 mm, on steeper slopes a distance between elements of up to 610 mm is allowed.

As already mentioned, wood is mainly used as a material: a beam with a section of 30x40 mm or a board, the width of which should not be more than 150mm, otherwise, there is a possibility of warping. In addition, recently, a special galvanized profile has been increasingly used for mounting the crate under the metal profile and other types of coatings.

Calculation of the thickness of the wooden crate elements

Choice of thickness wooden crate several factors influence.

First of all, this is the distance between roof trusses. The larger this indicator, the thicker the crate should be.

There is also a direct dependence on the total load for which the crate is calculated. This load is determined by:

• roofing weight,
• the weight of the snow cover (the so-called snow load), which differs depending on the regional climatic conditions,
• the mass of a person who will produce preventive and repair work on the roof.

The wood that will be used for the installation of the crate must be well dried, not have large defects, transverse torsion. The presence of large knots can significantly weaken the elements, and in this case, it is quite possible that the calculation of the crate and its conditions will not be performed.

Lathing mounting technology

The installation of the roof batten itself is not complicated, the main thing that is required is the utmost attention to the quality of installation. The resulting plane should be flat, large depressions are not allowed.

In the case of a warm roof, a layer of waterproofing is laid along the rafters. On top of it, to create a ventilation gap, it is recommended to install a counter-lattice, thus it is possible to provide more effective ventilation, because in this case the distance between the crate and the waterproofing membrane increases.

The required distances are marked along the extreme rafter sections. With the help of a string, it is desirable to transfer these lines to other rafters.

The fastening of the crate is made on each rafter leg, and it is necessary to fasten it with two nails or self-tapping screws.
The length of the fasteners should be twice the thickness of the crate.
Docking of the line should be carried out only on the rafter leg, it is impossible to arrange joints in spans. Joints on adjacent lines of the crate should be located on different rafters.

In places where the slopes mate, in the valleys, grooves, a continuous crate should be arranged. The same a separate structure it is necessary to mount in places of an exit of flues, ventilating pipelines and other communications.

There are various recommendations for the direction of installation of the crate. But it is more rational to start installation from the eaves. In this case, the roof can be moved without creating the risk of damaging the waterproofing.

Some features and nuances

Regardless of the stage of the installation process, waterproofing is being laid or a crate is being installed - pitched roofs are a place heightened danger. Therefore, the most important point is the observance of safety rules.

All work must be carried out with the use of safety devices, this is especially true for roofs with a large angle of inclination.

There are schemes when the battens are laid in two layers, and one of the layers can be laid diagonally on the rafters. This method allows you to increase the layer of mounted insulation.

For the same purpose, two layers of insulation are used. In this case, the space between the rafters is filled with mineral wool, and a layer of extruded polystyrene foam is mounted on top of the rafters. For this reason, a wooden crate or a metal profile is mounted on the coating.

A crate is a system of boards and beams, which acts as a base for roofing materials. Like any other base, it must meet rigidity and stability. It is quite easy to create such a design, the main thing is to choose quality material and fasteners. As the latter, developers most often prefer nails. Since the cross-section of lumber is different, the size of the nails for the crate will vary. After reading this article, you will learn how to choose the optimal length of the hardware.

Requirements for the crate

Before considering the types of crates, you need to remember or learn about the features of its creation.

• All lumber that is part of the roofing system must be impregnated with antiseptics and fire retardants. These solutions protect the structure of lumber from rotting and all kinds of organisms, and also increase the degree of ignition of wood.
• When harvesting lumber, it is very important to examine them for defects. At this stage, chips, cracks, knotted surfaces and similar problems are identified. At the time of installation, it is very important that the moisture content of the wood does not exceed 22 percent, since when it dries, the warping process can begin, which will damage not only the crate system, but the entire roofing cake.
• The wood species should not be very dense, so as not to create excessive pressure on the Mauerlat and on the building as a whole. But at the same time, strength is a very important parameter.
• Sheathing elements are usually attached to the rafters with nails. The use of self-tapping screws in some cases may not be advisable, since their screwing into some types of wood causes a crack to form.
• The length of the hardware is selected based on the length of the board + a third of the entire length. Only thanks to such values ​​can the nail connection be considered reliable.
• You can work with wood only in dry sunny weather, again its humidity depends on it.

Now, let's study the battens for different roofing.

Solid lathing for sheet roofing materials

If you have ever met sheet materials, then you know that it is quite difficult to bend them because of their high rigidity. But in the construction industry, it is not uncommon to find those materials that lack it. Such products include thin metal sheets. For their installation, a continuous crate is used, although with greater rigidity they could also be laid on a discharged one.

Such a crate is created from an edged board, its minimum thickness is 25 millimeters. As for the width, it should in no case exceed 14 centimeters. All lumber at the time of construction must be dry and processed protective compounds. In case the step rafter legs is 1 meter and the mounted board sags under the weight of your body, you will have to create a two-layer system.

The crate in two layers is created by installing additional bars, which are attached to the rafter legs, parallel to the ridge. The cross section of these elements should be approximately 50x50 millimeters, or more. After this layer, the next one is laid, it is located on top of these bars diagonally or vertically.

In this case, the nails for the crate should be twice as large as the board to be nailed, for example, if you plan to install a board with a thickness of 25 millimeters, then a hardware with a length of 50 millimeters will suit you.

On top of such a crate, roofing material or roofing glassine is often laid. These materials contribute to leveling the roofing surface and play the role of additional waterproofing. Their laying should be carried out by "overlapping" technology. It is worth noting that the resulting base will not only meet the requirements, but also fit almost all types of roofing materials, for example, metal tiles, profiled sheets, thick folded paintings, asbestos cement sheets, euroslate and soft tiles. Such a dense roofing cake has excellent sound insulation, which is important feature when creating roofs from metal coatings.

Lathing under the metal tile

This material is created from rolled steel, and due to the peculiar bends, the stiffness parameter is set. You can create a crate for this material in two ways. As you probably guessed, the differences will be solely in the types, it can be sparse or solid.

A solid crate is created according to the same principle as a discharged one, but OSB panels or moisture-resistant plywood are laid at the end. Thus, you get an even flat base, but for a quality cake, a lining carpet is missing. As for the discharged crate, here you will have to understand in more detail.

Boards with a section of 30x100 millimeters often become the material for the crate under the metal tile, provided that the pitch of the rafters is 80-100 centimeters. If the distance between the rafter legs is less than the specified range, then the thickness of the board can be reduced to 25 millimeters. A feature of the creation of such a base is a hydro-barrier made of anti-condensate material.

IMPORTANT: If in the future you plan to arrange snow holders, then I advise you to make a continuous crate, as this will not only increase the strength of the entire structure, but also make it easier to attach additional roofing elements.

Lathing for seam covering

As metal roofing began to gain its popularity, many developers became interested in seam connection. It gives the roofing carpet almost complete waterproofing, and to maintain such a roof, you only have to check the joints. Minimum slope for the installation of a seam roof is 3-14 degrees. As a base, it is allowed to create both types of lathing, but in complex roofing areas it is better to make a solid one.

Straight steel sheet bends under its own weight, so you can not make a mistake in the calculations when choosing the optimal step of the crate elements. Otherwise, the situation described earlier may occur. As lumber, a bar with a section of 50x50 millimeters or boards of 32x100 millimeters is most often used. These elements are arranged from the eaves to the ridge in increments of 30-40 centimeters. As vapor barrier material any product with an anti-condensation property can be laid.

The whole process of laying in without fail should start from the cornice overhang. The first board is taken wider and thicker than usual. Nails are used as fasteners for mounting wood. The cornice zone, the zones of junction with vertical elements, the ridge and the valley are laid in a continuous method at a distance of 60 centimeters from the element. Upon completion of the main crate, auxiliary lumber is attached to it, which serve as the basis for snow holders, bridges and the like.

IMPORTANT: To protect both metal coating, and wood elements, the latter are treated with antiseptics or flame retardants, in some cases they are painted with drying oil.

Lathing for corrugated asbestos-cement sheets

Asbestos-cement sheets are called slate and for sure, you have come across it more than once. This roofing material is very popular with developers in Russia, as it meets all the requirements and is extremely cheap for this segment of goods. hallmark of this product is harmful, but when painting the surface, it becomes insignificant.

Due to the wavy body, the material has very good rigidity, so it can be laid on a discharged type of base. The step of the elements will depend on the location of the rafter legs, climatic conditions, time and constant load. For standard slate sheet at 120x68 centimeters, a crate is suitable, the step of the elements of which is 50 centimeters, with a bar section of 50x50 millimeters. As for large sheets, the distance between the bars can be taken more, somewhere around 80 centimeters. But do not forget about increasing the cross section of lumber to 75x75 millimeters.

If you find it difficult to create a crate with an optimal step, then the distance can be calculated in another way. For reliable support of the asbestos sheet, three points are sufficient. If the selection was carried out in this way, then one nuance will have to be included here. When installing the bars, each even element is located above the odd ones.

Sheathing for shingles

To date shingles has a sufficiently large number of varieties, so you can’t just pass by such a product. To create a base for soft pitched roof a full frame is used. by the most suitable materials for this are considered:

• Moisture resistant plywood
• OSB boards
• tongue-and-groove boards

All of the above materials do their job well, but you will have to tinker with the boards. The point is to create a level ground on large areas extremely difficult, however, such a foundation will meet all the requirements.

Lumber for the base is best to take conifers, the humidity of which does not exceed 20%. Before starting work, distribute the products in thickness so that there is no sudden changes. The width of the lumber should in no case exceed 150 millimeters, as for the thickness, it is selected based on the location and pitch of the rafter legs.

Impossible to equip roofing system without crates, the laying of which is carried out on top of the rafter legs. It serves as a place for direct fastening of the roof finish sheathing.

What is the roof made of?

Thanks to the roof, the building not only gets decorated appearance: it also has a protective function to prevent rain, snow, heat and cold from getting inside the ceilings. In addition, thanks to the roof, the impact of Wastewater on walls and plinth surfaces, which significantly increases their service life. Most often, there are 2 or 4 slopes on the roof of the building: moreover, the second design involves several arrangement options.

As part of the usual gable roof includes:

• rafters. To connect these vertical or horizontal supports, it is usually used gusset equipped with bolts and brackets.
• Mauerlat. This bar is in a horizontal position. It relies on individual elements rafters.
• overhangs. This is the name of the lower sections of the rafters.
• Skate. It is located on top of the structure, in the area where the rafters join.
• Lathing, counter lathing. Basic parts for laying roofing materials and insulation.
• Waterproofing and insulation materials. With their help, warm attics are equipped.
• roof deck . May be hard or soft.

In general, the roof is divided into cold and warm subspecies. The first option involves laying thermal insulation in the attic space: the roof in such a scheme is not insulated. The second method involves laying insulation and waterproofing. Basically, this approach is used to design attic residential floors.

The purpose of the lathing in the roofing system

Thanks to the crate, the following tasks are achieved:

1. going on secure fastening roofing materials.
2. The space between the roof and the insulation in this case is well ventilated: this is especially important for adjacent areas of warm and cold roofing layers.
3. It is convenient to fix a layer of insulation and waterproofing on the roof sheathing.
4. The truss system receives protection from excessive load in cases of heavy snowfall.

What tools and materials will be needed

Before making the crate on the roof, you should prepare the following tools and materials:

1. Wooden beam of the first grade, 6 m long, without knots and other defects. The cross section is selected depending on which finishing material will be used. Under the metal tile you will need products with a section of 50x50 mm, metal roof equipped with a bar 60x40 mm. Ceramic tiles are laid on a beam with square section 75x75.
2. You need to know which board goes to the roof sheathing, what are the tolerances. Edged board 25x100 mm, 6 m long. Small flaws in the form of rare knots are allowed here. Individual cases involve the replacement of boards with OSB boards, plywood or chipboard panels.
3. Hacksaw, chainsaw.
4. Mounting foam.
5. Hammer, perforator.
6. Bolts with nuts large sizes. Fastening is also carried out with staples and nails.
7. Building level, roulette.

Varieties of roofing lathing

When studying the question of how to properly make a roof sheathing, it is important to know about the most popular system designs. Choice suitable option battens directly depends on the roofing material used.

There are two main types of crates:

1. solid. When laying the beams, a gap of 10 mm is assumed. A continuous crate is usually designed for soft tiles, roll laying, flat slate or metal tiles. To give the roof additional reliability, fixing the structure on top is used. eaves overhangs, as well as in the areas of junction of slopes. Making a choice in the direction of this crate, you need to prepare for a significant consumption of material.
2. sparse. The gap between the timber in this case can reach several centimeters, which is very convenient for laying. natural tiles, metal sheets and wave slate.

We mount the roofing crate with our own hands

After rafter system fully equipped, a careful measurement of the roof is carried out. This is done with a rope, which simplifies the measurement of the diagonals. When comparing two indicators, it is desirable that they do not differ from each other by more than 20 mm. If this tolerance is exceeded, subsequent work may encounter certain difficulties. Next, the vapor barrier and insulation are laid, in the form mineral wool or other suitable material.

Do-it-yourself roof lathing is assembled on top of the previously laid waterproofing film, when laying which an overlap of 15 cm is observed. It is most convenient to mount the canvases from the top and down, taking the directions of the rafters. Suitable for film fixing construction stapler. On top of the rafters, slats are stuffed to create a counter-lattice.

It is important not to forget about ventilation gaps separating the film and the laid roofing material. Simply put, when laying the film, it is important to leave sagging. In the same way, the separation of the film and insulation is carried out. To simplify the task of how to properly make a crate on the roof, a crate template is used, which is designed to strictly comply with the design parameters.

If a soft roof is laid, then the installation of the elements of the crate is carried out by the method of alignment and docking. To avoid subsequent deformation, the solid structure must be fastened with particular care, using at least two nails on each beam.

How to attach under roll material

For laying roll sheets you need roof lathing solid type, made of bars and boards with a thickness of at least 25 mm. In this case, the flooring should have a dense, without cracks, laying. The pitch of the crate is chosen not less than 15 cm, otherwise the roofing material will begin to deform. It is important to achieve the ideal smoothness of the lathing surface, with the obligatory drowning of nail heads and self-tapping screws deep into the wood.

How to make a soft roof

Installation of the roof lathing soft type occurs most often, due to the high popularity of this roof. Such material is inexpensive, and it is very easy to mount it. Here you will also need to equip a solid type crate, which is equipped with a special calibrated board. Such laying has a two-layer structure, in compliance with the maximum evenness of the joints.

In these conditions, grooved board and roofing plywood have proven themselves well, which have passed a preliminary antiseptic impregnation. To avoid damage to the soft roof in the corner areas, the ends of the boards must be rounded.

Under the tiles

According to experts, it tiled roofs have the best operational characteristics in terms of quality and durability. Usually these are single-layer structures, the crate under which is equipped with bars with a cross section of at least 6 cm.

The laying step is guided by the dimensions of the tiles used. Some situations involve the creation of a double crate, from the same material. To achieve a uniform fit of the tiles, it is required to build the most even plane of the structure. This implies the use of timber with the same size.

What is the difference between the crate for slate and metal tiles

For arranging the crate, one or two layers of laying can be used. The first option involves the use of a bar with a square section of 50 mm. The optimal step in this case is 50 cm, with the elements laid in a parallel direction to the ridge. If a unified profile is used instead of the usual wavy slate, then the step can be increased to 80 cm, with an increase in the beam cross section to 75 mm. The main thing at the same time is that under each slate span there should be at least three crossbars.

Most of all, in this design, the cornice is loaded, so its thickness should be increased. Skates and overhangs are made out by continuous floorings. To achieve uniform load distribution and sheet stacking density, even bars are made thicker than odd ones by 30 mm. In order for the structure to last as long as possible, before attaching the crate to the roof, all of it wooden details need to be processed special formulations fire-fighting and antiseptic action (more: ""). To apply them you will need paint brush: impregnation is carried out in two layers.

To test the quality of a fire-fighting substance, it is enough to chip off a small piece of treated wood and try to set it on fire. A well-protected material ignites only when exposed to open flame: upon its removal, the substance immediately decays.

Competent design and arrangement of the roof will be the key to both the aesthetic beauty of the house and its protection from all external influences. At the same time, it is important to achieve good quality each individual part roof structure. The crate, despite its invisibility, plays a very important role, therefore, when arranging it, it is important to observe all necessary requirements and norms on how to make a roof crate. Particular attention is paid to the selection of suitable building materials appropriate quality.