The main elements of a gas burner: a mixer and a burner nozzle with a stabilizing device. Depending on the purpose and operating conditions of the gas burner, its elements have a different design.
In diffusion gas burners, gas and air are supplied to the combustion chamber. The mixture of gas and air occurs in the combustion chamber. Most diffusion gas burners are mounted on the walls of the furnace or furnace. In boilers, the so-called. hearth gas burners, which are located inside the furnace, in its lower part. A hearth gas burner consists of one or more gas distribution pipes, in which holes are drilled. The pipe with holes is installed on the grate or the hearth of the furnace in a slotted channel lined with refractory bricks. The required amount of air enters through the refractory slotted channel. With such a device, the combustion of gas streams emerging from the holes in the pipe begins in the refractory channel and ends in the furnace volume. Hearth burners create little resistance to the passage of gas, so they can work without forced draft.
Diffusion gas burners are characterized by a more uniform temperature along the length of the flame.
However, these gas burners require an increased excess air ratio (compared to injection burners), and also create lower thermal stresses in the furnace volume and worse conditions for gas afterburning in the tail part of the torch, which can lead to incomplete gas combustion.
Diffusion gas burners are used in industrial furnaces and boilers, where a uniform temperature is required along the length of the flame. In some processes, gas diffusion burners are indispensable. For example, in glass-making, open-hearth and other furnaces, when the combustion air is heated to temperatures exceeding the ignition temperature of the combustible gas with air. Diffusion gas burners are also successfully used in some hot water boilers.
In injection burners, combustion air is sucked in (injected) due to the energy of the gas jet and their mutual mixing occurs inside the burner body. Sometimes in injection burners gas suction required amount combustible gas, the pressure of which is close to atmospheric, is carried out by the energy of the air jet. In full mixing burners (all the air necessary for combustion is mixed with gas) operating on medium pressure gas, a short flame is formed, and combustion is completed in a minimum furnace volume. In partial-mix gas injection burners, only a part (40 ÷ 60%) of the air required for combustion (the so-called primary air) enters, which is mixed with the gas. The rest of the air (the so-called secondary air) enters the flame from the atmosphere due to the injecting action of gas-air jets and rarefaction in the furnaces. Unlike medium-pressure gas injection burners, in burners low pressure a homogeneous gas-air mixture is formed with a gas content greater than upper limit ignition; these gas burners are stable in operation and have a wide range of heat load.
Stabilizers are used for stable combustion of the gas-air mixture in injection gas burners of medium and high pressure: additional igniting torches around the main flow (burners with an annular stabilizer), ceramic tunnels inside which the combustion of the gas-air mixture occurs, and plate stabilizers that create a swirl on the flow path.
In furnaces of considerable size, gas injection burners are assembled into blocks of 2 or more burners.
Injection gas burners of infrared radiation (the so-called flameless burners), in which the main amount of heat obtained during combustion is transferred by radiation, are widely used. the gas burns on the radiating surface in a thin layer, without a visible torch. Radiating surfaces are ceramic nozzles or metal mesh. These burners are used for heating rooms with a high air exchange rate (sports halls, commercial premises, greenhouses, etc.), for drying painted surfaces (fabrics, paper, etc.), heating frozen ground and bulk materials, in industrial ovens. For uniform heating of large surfaces (furnaces of oil refineries, etc.) industrial furnaces) apply the so-called. panel injection radiant burners. In these burners, the gas-air mixture from the mixer enters a common box, and then the mixture is distributed through the tubes into separate tunnels, in which it is burned. Panel burners have small dimensions and a wide adjustment range, they are insensitive to back pressure in the combustion chamber.
The use of gas turbine burners, in which air is supplied by an axial fan driven by a gas turbine, is increasing. These burners were proposed at the beginning of the 20th century (Eikart turbo-burner). Under the action of the reactive force of the outflowing gas, the turbine, shaft and fan are driven in the direction opposite to the outflow of gas. The performance of the burner is controlled by the pressure of the incoming gas. Gas turbine burners can be used in boiler furnaces. Promising are high-pressure gas turbine burners with self-supply of air through recuperators and air economizers: oil-gas burners gas high-capacity, working on heated and cold air.
Burners are subject to the following requirements:
1. The main types of burners must be mass-produced in factories according to specifications. If the burners are manufactured according to individual project, they must be tested during commissioning to determine the main characteristics;
2. Burners must ensure the passage of a given amount of gas and the completeness of its combustion with a minimum air flow rate α, with the exception of burners special purpose(for example, for furnaces in which a reducing environment is maintained);
3. When ensuring the specified technological regime, the burners must ensure the minimum amount of harmful emissions into the atmosphere;
4. The noise level generated by the burner should not exceed 85 dB when measured with a sound level meter at a distance of 1 m from the burner and at a height of 1.5 m from the floor;
5. Burners must operate stably without separation and flashover of the flame within the calculated range of thermal power regulation;
6. For burners with preliminary complete mixing of gas with air, the rate of outflow of the gas-air mixture must exceed the speed of flame propagation;
7. To reduce the consumption of electricity for own needs when using burners with forced air supply, the resistance of the air path should be minimal;
8. To reduce operating costs, the design of the burner and stabilizing devices should be fairly easy to maintain, convenient for revision and repair;
9. If it is necessary to save the reserve fuel, the burners must ensure a quick transfer of the unit from one fuel to another without violating the technological regime;
10. Combined oil-gas burners should provide approximately the same quality of combustion of both types of fuel - gas and liquid (fuel oil).
Diffusion burners
In diffusion burners, the air necessary for gas combustion comes from the surrounding space to the flame front due to diffusion.
These burners are commonly used in household appliances. They can also be used when increasing gas flow, if it is necessary to spread the flame over a large surface. In all cases, gas is supplied to the burner without admixture of primary air and mixed with it outside the burner. Therefore, these burners are sometimes referred to as external mixing burners.
The most simple diffusion burners (Fig. 7.1) are a pipe with drilled holes. The distance between the holes is chosen taking into account the speed of flame propagation from one hole to another. These burners have small thermal power and are used in the combustion of natural and low-calorie gases under small water heaters.
Rice. 7.1. Diffusion burners:
Fig.7.2. Bottom diffusion burner:
1 - air regulator; 2 - burner; 3 - viewing window; 4 - centering glass; 5 - horizontal tunnel; 6 - laying out of bricks; 7 - grate
Industrial burners of the diffusion type include hearth slot burners (Fig. 7.2). Usually they are a pipe with a diameter of up to 50 mm, in which holes with a diameter of up to 4 mm are drilled in two rows. The channel is a slot in the bottom of the boiler, hence the name of the burners - hearth slot.
From the burner 2, the gas enters the furnace, where air enters from under the grate 7. Gas jets are directed at an angle to the air flow and are evenly distributed over its cross section. The process of mixing gas with air is carried out in a special slot made of refractory bricks. Thanks to this device, the process of mixing gas with air is enhanced and stable ignition of the gas-air mixture is ensured.
The grate is laid with refractory bricks and several slots are left in which pipes with drilled holes for gas outlet. Air under the grate is supplied by a fan or as a result of rarefaction in the furnace. The refractory walls of the slot are flame stabilizers, prevent flame separation and at the same time increase the process of heat transfer in the furnace.
injection burners.
Injection burners are called, in which the formation of a gas-air mixture occurs due to the energy of the gas jet. The main element of an injection burner is an injector that sucks air from the surrounding space into the burners.
Depending on the amount of injected air, the burners can be fully pre-mixed with air or with incomplete air injection.
Burners with partial air injection . Only part of the air necessary for combustion enters the combustion front, the rest of the air comes from the surrounding space. These burners operate on low gas pressure. They are called low pressure injection burners.
The main parts of injection burners (Fig. 7.3) are the primary air regulator, nozzle, mixer and manifold.
Primary air regulator 7 is a rotating disk or washer and regulates the amount of primary air entering the burner. Nozzle 1 is used to convert potential energy gas pressure into kinetic, i.e. to give the gas stream such a speed that provides the suction of the necessary air. The burner mixer consists of three parts: injector, confuser and diffuser. Injector 2 creates vacuum and air suction. The narrowest part of the mixer is confuser 3, which equalizes the jet of the gas-air mixture. In the diffuser 4, the final mixing of the gas-air mixture takes place and its pressure increases due to a decrease in speed.
From diffuser gas-air mixture enters the collector 5, which distributes the gas-air mixture through the holes 6. The shape of the collector and the location of the holes depends on the type of burners and their purpose.
Low pressure injection burners have a range of positive qualities, due to which they are widely used in household gas appliances, as well as in gas appliances for catering establishments and other household gas consumers. Burners are also used in cast iron heating boilers.
Rice. 7.3. Injection atmospheric gas burners:
a– low pressure; b- a burner for a cast-iron boiler; 1 - nozzle. 2 - injector, 3 - confuser, 4 - diffuser, 5 - collector. 6 - holes, 7 - primary air regulator
The main advantages of low-pressure injection burners are: simple design, stable operation of burners when loads change; reliability and ease of maintenance; noiselessness of work; the possibility of complete combustion of gas and work at low gas pressures; lack of pressurized air supply.
An important characteristic Injection burners of incomplete mixing is the injection coefficient - the ratio of the volume of injected air to the volume of air required for complete combustion of the gas. So, if complete combustion of 1 m 3 of gas requires 10 m 3 of air, and the primary air is 4 m 3, then the injection ratio is 4:10 = 0.4.
A characteristic of the burners is also the injection ratio - the ratio of primary air to the gas flow rate of the burner. AT this case, when 4 m 3 of air is injected per 1 m 3 of the burned gas, the injection ratio is 4.
The advantage of injection burners: the property of their self-regulation, i.e. maintaining a constant proportion between the amount of gas supplied to the burner and the amount of air injected at a constant gas pressure.
Mixing burners. Burners with forced air supply.
Forced air burners are widely used in various heating devices for utilities and industrial enterprises.
According to the principle of operation, these burners are divided into burners with preliminary mixing of gas (Fig. 7.4) and fuel and burners without pre-training gas-air mixture. Both types of burners can operate on natural, coke, blast furnace, mixed and other low and medium pressure combustible gases. Working regulation range - 0.1 ÷ 5000 m 3 /h.
Air is supplied to the burners by centrifugal or axial fans of low and medium pressure. Fans can be installed on each burner or one fan per group of burners. In this case, as a rule, all the primary air is supplied by fans, while the secondary air practically does not affect the quality of combustion and is determined only by air infiltration into the combustion chamber through leaks in the furnace fittings and hatches.
The advantages of burners with forced air supply are: the possibility of using in combustion chambers with different back pressures, a significant range of regulation of thermal power and gas-to-air ratio, relatively small flame sizes, low noise during operation, simplicity of design, the ability to preheating gas or air and the use of burners of large unit capacity.
Low pressure burners are used at a gas flow rate of 50 ÷ 100 m 3 / h, at a flow rate of 100 ÷ 5000 it is advisable to use medium pressure burners.
The air pressure, depending on the design of the burner and the required thermal power, is assumed to be 0.5 ÷ 5 kPa.
For better mixing of the fuel-air mixture, gas is supplied to most burners in small jets at different angles to the flow of primary blast air. In order to intensify mixture formation, the air flow is given a turbulent motion with the help of specially installed swirl blades, tangential guides, etc.
The most common burners with forced internal mixing air supply include burners with a gas flow rate of up to 5000 m3/h or more. They can provide a predetermined quality of preparation of the fuel-air mixture before it is fed into the combustion chamber.
Depending on the design of the burner, the processes of mixing fuel and air can be different: the first is the preparation of the fuel-air mixture directly in the mixing chamber of the burner, when the finished gas-air mixture enters the furnace, the second is when the mixing process begins in the burner and ends in the combustion chamber. In all cases, the speed of the outflow of the gas-air mixture is different 16...60 m/s. The intensification of the mixture formation of gas and air is achieved by jet gas supply, the use of adjustable blades, tangential air supply, etc. With jet gas supply, burners with a central gas supply (from the center of the burner to the periphery) and with a peripheral one are used.
The maximum air pressure at the burner inlet is 5 kPa. It can work with backpressure and underpressure in the combustion chamber. In these burners, in contrast to external mixing burners, the flame is less luminous and relatively small sizes. Ceramic tunnels are most often used as stabilizers. However, all of the methods discussed above can be used.
The GNP-type burner with forced air supply and central gas supply, designed by specialists from the Teploproekt Institute, is intended for use in furnace devices with significant thermal stresses. In these burners, the air flow is swirled with the help of blades. The burner kit includes two nozzles: a type A nozzle used for short-flare gas combustion with 4÷6 gas outlets directed perpendicular or at an angle of 45° to the air flow, and a type B nozzle used to obtain an elongated torch and having one central opening parallel to the air flow. In the latter case, the preliminary mixing of gas and air is much worse, which leads to an elongation of the torch.
Stabilization of the torch is ensured by the use of a refractory tunnel made of fireclay bricks class A. Burners can work on cold and heated air. The coefficient of excess air is 1.05. Burners of this type are used in steam boilers, baking industry.
The two-wire gas-oil burner GMG is designed for burning natural gas or low-sulphur liquid fuels such as diesel, domestic, marine fuel oils F5, F12, etc. Joint combustion of gas and liquid fuel is allowed.
The gas nozzle of the burner has two rows of holes directed at an angle of 90° to each other. The holes on the side surface of the nozzle allow gas to be supplied to the swirling flow of secondary blast air, the holes on the end surface - to the swirling flow of primary air.
The process of formation of a gas-air mixture in burners with forced air supply begins directly in the burner itself, and ends already in the furnace. During combustion, the gas burns with a short and non-luminous flame. The air required for gas combustion is forced into the burner by means of a fan. Gas and air are supplied through separate pipes.
This type burners are also called two-wire or mixing burners. The most commonly used burners are low-pressure gas and air. Also, some designs of burners are used at medium pressure.
Burners are installed in boiler furnaces, in heating and drying ovens, etc.
The principle of operation of the burner with forced air supply:
Gas enters nozzle 1 at a pressure of up to 1,200 Pa and leaves it through eight holes 4.5 mm in diameter. These holes must be located at an angle of 30° to the axis of the burner. Special blades, which set the rotational movement of the air flow, are located in the body 2 of the burner. During operation, the gas in the form of small streams enters the swirling air flow, which helps good mixing. The burner ends with a ceramic tunnel 4 with an ignition hole 5.
Rice. 7.4. Forced air burner:
1 - nozzle; 2 - body; 3 - front plate; 4 - ceramic tunnel.
Forced air burners have a number of advantages:
-high performance;
– a wide range of performance regulation;
– Possibility of working in heated air.
In existing various designs burners, the intensification of the process of formation of a gas-air mixture is achieved in the following ways:
– division of gas and air flows into small flows, in which mixture formation takes place;
– gas supply in the form of small jets at an angle to the air flow;
– by swirling the air flow with various devices built into the burners.
Combined burners.
Combined are burners that operate simultaneously or separately on gas and fuel oil or on gas and coal dust.
They are used in case of interruptions in the gas supply, when it is urgent to find another type of fuel, when the gas fuel does not provide the required temperature regime of the furnace; gas is supplied to this site only at a certain time (at night) to equalize the daily unevenness of gas consumption.
The most widely used oil-gas burners with forced air supply. The burner consists of gas, air and liquid parts. The gas part is a hollow ring with a gas supply fitting and eight gas spray tubes.
The liquid part of the burner consists of an oil head and an inner tube ending in nozzle 1 (Fig. 7.5).
The supply of fuel oil to the burner is regulated by a valve. The air part of the burner consists of a body, a swirler 3, an air damper 5, with which you can adjust the air supply. The swirler serves for better mixing of the fuel oil jet with air. Air pressure 2÷3 kPa, gas pressure up to 50 kPa, and fuel oil pressure up to 0.1 MPa.
Rice. 7.5. Combined oil-gas burner:
1 - fuel oil nozzle, 2 - air chamber, 3 - swirler, 4 - gas outlet pipes, 5 - air control damper.
The use of combined burners gives a higher effect than the simultaneous use of gas burners and oil burners or gas pulverized coal burners.
Combination burners are essential for reliable and uninterrupted operation gas-using equipment and installations of large industrial enterprises, power plants and other consumers for which a break in operation is unacceptable.
Consider the principle of operation of the combined dust and gas burner designed by Mosenergo (Fig. 7.6)
When working on coal dust, a mixture of primary air with coal dust is supplied to the furnace through the annular channel 3 of the central pipe, and the secondary air enters the furnace through the volute 1.
Fuel oil serves as a reserve fuel, in this case an oil burner is installed in the central pipe. When the burner is converted to gas fuel, the oil burner is replaced by an annular channel through which gas fuel is supplied.
A pipe with a cast-iron tip 2 is installed in the central part of the channel. The tip 2 has oblique slots through which gas escapes and intersects with the flow of swirling air exiting the volute 1. In improved designs of burners, instead of slots, 115 holes with a diameter of 7 mm are provided in the tip. As a result, the gas outlet velocity almost doubles (150 m/s).
Rice. 7.6. Combined dust and gas burner with central gas supply:
1 - a snail for swirling the air flow, 2 - a tip of gas supply pipes,
3 - an annular channel for supplying a mixture of primary air with coal dust.
The new burner designs use a peripheral gas supply, in which gas jets, which have a higher speed than air jets, cross a swirling air stream moving at a speed of 30 m/s at a right angle. This interaction of gas and air flows ensures rapid and complete mixing, as a result of which the gas-air mixture burns with minimal losses.
7.3. Automation of gas combustion processes.
Properties of gas fuel and modern designs gas burners create favorable conditions for automating gas combustion processes. Automatic regulation combustion process increases the reliability and safety of operation of gas-using units and ensures their operation in accordance with the most optimal mode.
Today, partial or complex automation systems are used in gas-using installations.
Integrated gas automation consists of the following main systems:
– automatic control;
– security automation;
– emergency signaling;
– teletechnical control.
The regulation and control of the combustion process is determined by the operation of gas appliances and units in a given mode and by ensuring optimal mode gas combustion. To do this, the regulation of the combustion process is intended for automatic control of household, municipal and industrial gas appliances and units. Thus, a constant temperature of the water in the tank is maintained at storage water heaters, constant steam pressure in steam boilers.
Gas supply to burners gas-using installations is terminated by the safety automatics in the event of:
- extinction of the torch in the furnace;
- lowering the air pressure in front of the burners;
- increase in steam pressure in the boiler;
– increase in water temperature in the boiler;
- lowering the vacuum in the furnace.
Disabling these settings is accompanied by corresponding sound and light signals. No less important is the control of the gas content of the room in which all gas appliances and aggregates. For these purposes, electromagnetic valves are installed that stop the gas supply in cases where the MPC in the ambient air CH 4 and CO 2 is exceeded.
Achieve optimal conditions technological process possible with the help of thermal control devices
The operating conditions of gas-using equipment determine the degree of its automation.
Remote control of gas-using installations is achieved by using control and signaling devices.
In the cold period, I want to create in the house comfortable warmth. apartment owners and country houses often ask the question: what is the most efficient way to heat a room? Some use heaters, install autonomous heating, make underfloor heating. These devices are used for permanent, temporary or additional heating. They have a simple design, are mobile and relatively inexpensive. During operation, they do not emit combustion decays and are more economical in fuel than electric heaters.
Gas gun device: features of work
gas gun is a simple device equipped with a burner and a fan. The incoming gas heats the air, and a powerful fan sends warm streams into the room. The body of the device is made of durable material. The burner is equipped with automatic ignition. Modern models have a thermostat that provides control over the increase in temperature in the room. This system saves gas and electricity.
Gas guns can run on natural or liquefied gas, depending on the model. In addition to fuel, the device needs electricity, which will feed a powerful fan. It is he who carries out the movement of warm air masses in the room.
Features of work:
- Gas is supplied to the burner;
- The fuel ignites due to ignition;
- Air is heated in a metal case;
- The fan drives the cold stream from outside, drives it through the heat exchanger, and removes heat into the room;
- If the device is equipped with a thermostat, it automatically turns off when the desired temperature is reached.
Working on liquefied gas and low power consumption makes this heating option popular. This is especially true for rooms with difficult access to supply central heating or constant interruptions with it.
Advantages and disadvantages of a thermal gas gun for residential premises
Heat guns are more often used for heating non-residential premises with no stationary coolant: garages, hangars, greenhouses, greenhouses. Such a unit is often used in the construction of apartments and houses. It helps to make the drying of the necessary objects pointwise: floor screed, plastering, etc.
For residential premises, they prefer to use an electric thermal analogue. Although the gas gun is much cheaper and heats up the room much faster. Mandatory approval appliance in the supervisory authorities, is the main obstacle in the installation of a gas gun in apartment buildings.
Advantages of the device:
- Quickly heats the room and removes excess moisture;
- Does not emit toxic waste;
- going on economical consumption electricity and gas;
- There are small and mobile devices that are easy to transport and install;
- Not a high price for the device itself from 4 to 15 thousand;
- Ease of operation.
A gas gun is capable of heating 100 - 150 m 2 in a short period of time. For its operation, an uninterrupted connection to electricity and a gas cylinder is necessary.
How to calculate the power of the unit: gas gun for space heating
To calculate the required power, you must have complete information about the room: know the volume, air temperature and insulation quality. The temperature must be taken into account both inside and outside the building. The quality of insulation consists of several parameters: insulation of the roof, window openings, doors and floors.
According to the standards, these parameters are divided into 4 groups:
- K1 from 0.6 to 1 - good insulation with thick floor insulation, the presence of double frames, a roof using high-quality insulating material;
- K2 from 1 to 2 - medium insulation with double masonry brick walls, a small number of window openings and standard roof insulation;
- K3 to 3 - satisfactory insulation, single masonry walls, no insulation, simple window frames;
- K4 - lack of insulation, wooden or metal structures.
Next, we make a calculation: we multiply the volume of the room by the insulation coefficient, we multiply the result by the temperature difference between the required and the available one. The result is calculated in kcal / hour. To get a figure in kW, you need to divide the final figure by 860, since 1 kW \u003d 860 kcal / h.
This calculation works on the condition that the gas gun will be the only source of heating. If the design of the room is complex, you can purchase several devices of lower power. In sum, they should give the required figure for heating.
Types of devices: gas heat gun
Gas guns can be divided into stationary and portable models. In the first case, a connection to the main gas pipeline is required. The second option is most convenient for construction work, premises where it is sometimes necessary to move or remove the device for a certain period. Portable models run on liquefied propane, which is filled into cylinders. One bottle is enough for 3 days of continuous operation.
Heat guns on gas are divided into 2 classes:
- Devices for direct heating of the air flow;
- Machines for indirect heating.
At direct heating combustion products enter directly into the heated room. In such units there is no hose for the exit of used gases. The burner works by forcing air streams directly onto the flame.
An important point is the implementation of a sufficient amount of oxygen in the room. In non-ventilated buildings, this method of heating is not allowed.
This heater is easy to operate, has a high efficiency and elementary repair.
guns indirect heating contain a special element in the design - a separate chamber. The air is heated in it and the combustion products are expelled through the outlet hose through special pipe or chimney. The fan blows over the heated chamber, and clean streams warm air heat the room. These models require stationary placement.
Rules for the operation of a gas heat gun
The gas heat gun is simple and easy to use, but requires certain safety measures.
How to use the equipment correctly:
- The room where the device is used must be well ventilated;
- Do not block the air duct, dry things or shoes on the body;
- Eliminate the admission of water to the fan and the machine body;
- Protect the space of the operating device from flammable objects;
- Carry out daily wet cleaning and avoid high concentrations of dust;
- Connect the device to the outlet with the power stated in the instruction manual;
- When replacing a propane cylinder, check the tightness of the connection, excluding possible gas leakage;
- Install structures above ground level, in case of leakage, accumulation below is possible, which will create the possibility of an explosion.
Proper use of gas equipment will protect the owners and others from unpleasant consequences. To start the gun, you need to: screw the reducer with a hose to the gas cylinder, connect the hose to the gun, check it for propane leakage, plug the machine into the mains, set required temperature thermostat and press the start button. The fan will start, automatic ignition will turn on, the burner will light up and the room will begin to fill with heat.
What to look for when choosing a gas heat gun
To decide which gas gun to choose, you need to pay attention to several parameters of the unit. First of all, pay attention to the power and volume of the heated room. The more powerful the device, the greater the fuel consumption and noise. If the unit will be used in residential areas, you need to take into account the noise factor, and choose models with its low level. For a person, sound within 40 dB is considered normal for perception.
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Next, you should pay attention to the continuity of the device. For continuous heating of rooms, a device with a long period of operation is required. For portable models an important factor is the body cover. The anti-corrosion surface prolongs the life of the heater.
Modern heat guns are equipped with automation. This allows you to turn off when the device overheats, as well as regulate the temperature of the room heating. Pay attention to models with automatic shutdown in case of rollover.
Main parameters when choosing a gun:
- Power;
- Safety;
- Automation;
- Mobility;
- Manufacturer reliability.
Rating of the best gas guns
The modern market offers a wide range of gas guns. After analyzing customer reviews, we selected best models 2016-2017. During the selection, the quality, safety, power and price of devices were evaluated.
The most popular models are:
- Interskol TPG 10 – Russian manufacturer tools and equipment. Reliable model capable of heating up to 100 m2. For safety, the device is equipped with automatic shutdown, overheating protection and improved case insulation. Has good technical data and economical price(ipg).
- MasterBLP17 M- a heat gun for heating residential and non-residential premises. The advantage is reasonable price, high power, build quality and low consumption of electricity and gas. Equipped with electricity power adjustment from 10 to 15 kW. A good choice for small spaces.
- balluBHG 10 (propane) - Chinese manufacturer. Highly powerful unit has a minimum gas fuel consumption of 0.7 kg / h. The downside is that it only runs on propane. Users note the stability of work and good technical data. Able to warm the room up to 100 m 2.
Gas gun (video)
Gas guns are economical and compact products that are characterized by rapid heating, high performance and relative security. By applying them to various premises you can create comfortable conditions for living, working, maintaining the required temperature in greenhouses and greenhouses.
The right choice of burner milestone during the construction or repair of a boiler room. The further work of the heating equipment depends on how responsibly the leaders and organizers approached this issue.
Modernization of the thermal economy is the most important task facing the heads of the housing and communal services. The choice of a partner for the design, supply, installation and commissioning of equipment is not a problem, but the question of the efficiency of operation of boiler houses after their re-equipment remains open. A limited budget forces you to find the most simple solutions– purchase cheap, short-lived equipment that requires constant attention. But now there are fully automated systems, for the selection and maintenance of which it is best to turn to highly qualified specialists who have a complete understanding of how a modern boiler room should function.
When choosing burners, consumers face a difficult task: what to give preference to - domestic or foreign equipment. And here, sellers of imported burners often use a tricky trick: they compare foreign-made smoothly two-stage burners with modulated domestic burners. Even with a significant difference in prices for "similar" products, they press on German, Finnish, Italian quality, trying to persuade buyers to purchase these particular burners. However, any specialist working with boiler equipment understands that it is at least incorrect to compare different types of burners only in terms of the price component. Therefore, it is necessary to know the difference between them technical specifications and opportunities.
The most common in boiler rooms are two-stage, sliding two-stage and modulating burners. Two stage burners, as the name implies, have two power levels. The first stage provides 40% of the power, and the second - 100%. The transition from the first stage to the second occurs depending on the controlled parameter of the boiler (direct water temperature or steam pressure), the on / off modes depend on the boiler automation.
Sliding two-stage burners allow for a smooth transition from one stage to the next. This is a cross between a two-stage and a modulating burner. Modulating burners heat the boiler continuously, increasing or decreasing power as needed. Range of change of a mode of burning - from 10 to 100% of rated power.
Of course, modulating burners are more expensive than stepped models, but they have a number of advantages over them. The smooth power control mechanism makes it possible to reduce the cycling of the boilers on and off to a minimum, which significantly reduces mechanical stresses on the walls and in the nodes of the boiler, which means it prolongs its “life”. Fuel economy in this case is at least 5%, and with proper tuning, you can achieve 15% or more. And finally, the installation of modulating burners does not require the replacement of expensive boilers, if they function properly. During the operation of stepped burners, the boiler experiences significant loads, which eventually destroy the unit.
Against the background of the disadvantages of stepped burners, the advantages of modulating ones are obvious. The only factor that makes managers opt for step models is their greater low price. But savings of this kind are deceptive: wouldn't it be better to spend a large amount at a time on more advanced, economical and environmentally friendly burners, especially since these costs will pay off in the next few years?
Smart managers understand the benefits of using modulating burners, and now they just have to choose the right models. Which manufacturers are best to contact? Even with a superficial study of prices for imported and domestic burners, it is clear that the difference is very significant. Some models of foreign manufacturers are more expensive than products Russian production more than twice. And yet, the stereotypes that quality goods come only from abroad make you pay more. However, a more detailed market analysis of burner manufacturers shows that we also have high-quality competitive products. For more than 15 years, the Starorussky Instrument-Making Plant has been producing various models of burners that are successfully installed on all types of domestic and imported boilers. Modulated block burners of this manufacturer comply with all environmental standards for fuel combustion, have a wide range of power control (from 10 to 100%), while providing maximum efficiency. When looking for reliable, economical burners for boiler rooms, it is simply impossible not to pay attention to them. A simple installation of the equipment already gives tangible results, and if experienced burner adjustment specialists are involved in the process, fuel savings can be more than 15%. With the use of modulating burners from Staroruspribor, managers will be able to temporarily forget about another expense item - replacing the boiler. The transition to a "sparing" operating mode allows you to double its service life. Those who know how expensive such equipment is (prices are calculated in millions of rubles) will appreciate the possibility of replacing these units more rarely.
A competent choice of a burner is an important stage in the construction or repair of a boiler room modernization. The further operation of the heating equipment depends on how responsibly the customers approached this issue. If, for example, we use modulated burners manufactured by Staroruspribor Plant OJSC, then after two or three heating seasons the costs will pay off with interest. Stable operation, compliance with environmental standards, longer service life of boilers and the possibility of fully automating the operation of a thermal power plant indicate significant advantages of using modulating burners in boiler rooms. And if the benefit from their exploitation is obvious, it is simply unreasonable not to use it.
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The heart of any gas boiler is a burner with a heat exchanger installed above it. The burner provides combustion of gaseous fuel, generating heat. In turn, the heat is absorbed by the heat exchanger and sent to the heating system. It is the burners that the current review will be devoted to.
We will tell you what a gas burner for a solid fuel boiler is, and also give information about the types of burners for gas boilers.
What is a gas burner
The gas burner is one of the the most important nodes any boiler. She is responsible for creating a sustainable flame. This is where the fuel is burned. The received heat rises up to the heat exchanger, where it almost completely passes into the coolant. Combustion products, together with the remaining heat, are somehow removed into the atmosphere.
The device of a gas burner for a boiler is extremely simple - it includes several main components:
The low emission of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide during combustion makes the boiler almost ecologically perfect.
- Nozzle - gas is ejected from here;
- Ignition system - provides gas ignition;
- Automation system - controls the temperature;
- Flame sensor - monitors the presence of fire.
Simply put, this is exactly what it looks like. And how these or those types of gas burners differ from each other in various models of boilers, you will find out a little later.
A modern gas burner for a heating boiler is a device that has certain requirements. First of all, quiet operation is important. I immediately recall some models of Soviet instantaneous water heaters, where the flame was noisy with the force of a hurricane. Modern samples burn relatively quietly (attention is also paid to quiet ignition, without pops and explosions). An additional influence on the noise level is exerted by the design of the combustion chambers.
Long service life - if you remember the old gas units, they served for quite a long time (in those days everything was done for centuries). Today, such technologies no longer exist, so burners in boilers often break. There is only one way out - to buy units from trusted brands, which use components of normal quality. As for any Chinese junk from obscure manufacturers, everything is obvious here - you should not take it.
The same applies to cheap Russian-made boilers - short-lived burners are often installed in them.
Complete combustion of the gas is another important requirement. The burner for a gas boiler must burn the fuel completely, with a minimum release of carbon monoxide and other related components. However, everything here depends not only on it - other nodes also influence the quality of combustion. We must not forget about proper gas removal, for which you need to have a clean chimney with good draft at your disposal.
As for the principle of operation of a gas burner, it is simple:
In the burner, the combusted gas is combined with air. At high temperature going on chemical reaction with the formation of carbon dioxide and water.
- The boiler detects a temperature discrepancy in heating circuit with user-specified parameters;
- opens gas valve, gas begins to flow into the burner;
- At the same time, the ignition system is activated;
- The gas is ignited and a flame is formed.
At the same time, the control of the presence of a flame begins to work - if the fire suddenly goes out, the automation will cut off the supply of blue fuel. As soon as the temperature in the heating system reaches the set limit, the gas supply will be shut off.
The implementation of flame control is implemented in gas burners in different ways. Somewhere there is a simple thermoelement, and advanced boilers with electronics-based automation are endowed with ionization control systems.
Classification of gas burners
For a long time the market was dominated by the most simple boilers devoid of complex electronics and advanced automation. They needed full-fledged chimneys and had to be installed in rooms with good ventilation. Today, there are units on sale that can be operated in almost any conditions. Along with them, traditional models are also sold. All of them differ in the design of gas burners.
Atmospheric gas burners
The use of atmospheric gas burners greatly simplifies the design of heating equipment. They work due to the natural influx of oxygen, and full-fledged chimneys are used to remove combustion products. Since oxygen is taken from the room, it must be well ventilated. Let's look at the main advantages of atmospheric boilers:
- Simplicity of design - has a direct impact on the cost of equipment;
- Low noise level - there are no additional fans, only the flame is buzzing;
- Higher reliability - a completely understandable pattern works here that equipment with a minimum of parts breaks down much less and less often;
- Energy independence - thanks to this, the equipment can work in buildings in which there is no electrification.
There are also some disadvantages:
- Not the most high efficiency This shortcoming has to be dealt with. More advanced gas boilers with closed burners are more economical and efficient;
- The need for a full-fledged chimney that goes to the roof - in houses under construction, this is an additional cost;
- The installation of a boiler with an atmospheric gas burner should be carried out in a specially designated room where there is ventilation and a window - sometimes it is problematic to follow these requirements.
It is also necessary to note the possibility of incomplete combustion of gaseous fuel.
"Turbo" burners
We have come close to the most modern heating equipment equipped with closed-type gas burners. Such boilers are often called "turbocharged". They are equipped with compact chimneys, often extending directly beyond the opposite wall. This is very convenient, especially when the building is under construction - no need to suffer with the arrangement of the chimney and ventilation ducts.
A heating boiler with a closed combustion chamber is heating unit, in which the gas burner is enclosed in a special chamber. Oxygen comes here from the outside, through a special coaxial chimney. Through it, combustion products are removed. All flows are controlled by a powerful fan with automatically controlled speed. If desired, a "turbocharged" boiler can be mounted in an absolutely sealed room, devoid of ventilation and windows.
A coaxial chimney is a kind of “pipe in pipe” design. It serves to take in outside air and to remove combustion products. Such a chimney is displayed at an arbitrary point on the nearest wall, but not closer than half a meter to the nearest windows (more stringent requirements may apply).
Advantages of gas boilers with closed burners:
- Possibility of installation in any premises - in kitchens, in basements, in bathrooms (even in the bedroom);
- Increased safety - gas burns in an isolated chamber. Even if it goes out, and the automation does not respond to this, the gas-air mixture will be removed outside the apartment / house;
- Increased efficiency - gas boilers with closed burners are indeed more efficient, but this does not apply to all models;
- More efficient temperature control - for this, a fan shaft speed control system is used here;
- High environmental friendliness - the fuel burns almost completely.
Unfortunately, it is not without its drawbacks:
Increased safety and increased efficiency come at the cost of high noise levels and higher maintenance bills.
- Increased complexity - gas burners for heating boilers have a more complex design, which makes it difficult to carry out repair work;
- Slightly reduced reliability - the more parts, the lower the reliability of the system (especially the cheapest samples and Chinese models fail);
- High price - in order to buy a "turbocharged" boiler, you will have to pay a round sum (they cost 10-15% more than their atmospheric counterparts);
- Increased noise level - the fan installed in the system emits a hum (the noise level depends on the specific model);
- Lack of energy independence - when the light is turned off, the equipment will stop its work. The problem is solved by installing an uninterruptible power supply.
Despite this, the use of these boilers for heating houses and apartments is becoming a definite trend.
Closed-type burners are equipped with so-called condensing boilers, which are characterized by increased efficiency due to the removal of heat from the combustion products.
Other differences
Consider the division of gas burners according to the type of ignition. The easiest option is with a burning igniter (wick). When the automation is triggered, the wick ignites the gas and the boiler begins to heat the coolant. There are two disadvantages here - increased gas consumption and low security (the igniter can go out). Primary ignition is carried out with matches or with the help of a piezoelectric element that gives a spark.
Natural gas from the mains gives even combustion, without forming excessive soot on the walls of the chimney.
Electronic ignition of the burner provides for the presence of a high-voltage converter in the gas boiler. Energy is taken from batteries or the mains. The first option applies to non-volatile boilers without electronic automation. The second option is relevant for complex units with electronics on board. Together with such ignition, modules for ionization control of the presence of a flame are often installed.
There is also a division according to the type of fuel used. Natural gas supplied from the pipeline is cleaner, it is supplied with optimal pressure (we do not consider cases of pressure surges in both directions). The flame in the boiler is clean, without soot. The equipment is connected to the network without alterations. There are burners that can run on propane - this requires setting up the system and installing a jet. The flame from burning propane gives yellow, there is an increased deposition of soot on the chimney.
Jets allow you to normalize propane pressure to an acceptable value - they are supplied as a kit or purchased separately.
Gas burners for universal boilers
A gas burner for a solid fuel heating boiler is a rather complex unit. It was created to transfer heating equipment from one type of fuel to another. That is, you can purchase a solid fuel (universal) unit for working on wood, and when a gas pipeline appears, transfer it to work with natural gas.
Maintenance of even the simplest gas burner is best entrusted to the master - the services of a specialist will come out cheaper than buying a new unit.
An automatic gas burner for a solid fuel boiler is built according to a fan circuit. Gas is supplied here, mixed with air, after which the finished fuel-air mixture is sent to the nozzle. Here it is ignited, forming a high-temperature torch of flame. On board the burner there is a powerful fan, an automation system, a gearbox and a gas filter. The unit requires electricity to operate. The product itself has modular design(removable).
A typical example is a gas burner for a Cooper boiler. The boiler itself is a pellet boiler, but you can connect a replaceable burner to it and transfer it to natural or liquefied gas.
In a country house or a full-fledged private, if you do not live in it all year round or there are no central heating pipes nearby to connect the building to them, then installing a compact gas heater is a suitable option. It will come in handy in the cold season from time to time. Yes, the weather is cool in summer. for giving it is useful when you need to dry the room. It is too labor-intensive to start the construction of a full-fledged heating circuit if the house is small. A gas heater powered by a cylinder, easily moved from place to place, is much better suited for such conditions. More often, units operating on natural gas.
The basic equipment of the average of the body, burner, heat exchanger, heating element and gas cylinder. In addition, the heater is equipped with a thermostat and an automated mechanism for shutting off the gas supply.
Buyers choose gas heaters for a low price, compactness, an understandable principle of operation and good efficiency. Exist the following types gas heaters:
- Gas catalytic heater
- infrared device
Heating devices are divided into outdoor and indoor devices.
Italian gas convector for summer cottages
This type of heater resembles a typical battery; it is also placed under a window opening. Gas convectors on natural gas, both gas from a gas pipeline and a liquefied version are used as fuel. The gas burns in an insulated container, heating the air that separates the chamber from the body of the apparatus. The convector heats up small room in a matter of minutes, which is convenient if the country house is visited in cool weather, and there is a need to quickly warm up the room. The convector independently supports the necessary temperature regime. When the desired heating temperature is reached, combustion becomes less intense. If the fire goes out, it works protective system and the device turns off.
Catalytic gas heater
This type of device is powered by gas or gasoline. With it, you can heat a room of any size: from a small hut to a large warehouse. Heat is generated by the catalytic combustion process. It is distinguished by the absence of flames and any sounds, but at the same time, the active release of a large amount of heat. Heat is released due to the oxidation of the fuel on the surface of the panel. The catalyst, which is part of the surface material, provokes oxidation. All processes take place on the solid surface of the panel, without flowing into gaseous forms.
Such devices are safe, not subject to spontaneous combustion, do not pollute the environment.The heating element of the catalytic heater is a catalytic panel made of glass fiber with the addition of platinum. At the moment, instead of platinum, more relevant catalysts are used, which contribute to deep oxidation and not. Some models are equipped with a fan heater in order to increase power. A gas heater is able to quickly heat the air in the room.
According to their characteristics, catalytic devices are close to infrared heating devices. They are inferior to them in the speed of heating the room, but they are silent.
Infrared model with a thermostat and a ceramic burner: from a cylinder and a line
Infrared or powered by gas pipeline. Models where an infrared ceramic gas burner is present are different from others infrared devices presence open flame in progress. Such devices serve for a long time and heat efficiently, in short time evenly filling the whole room with heat. Despite such attractive characteristics, gas ceramic heater- not the most popular. The reason is the high price. But with a burner it's worth it: it is independent of electricity, does not dry the air in the room, and is easy to install.
The infrared device is suitable for heating large-scale premises: hangars, hypermarkets. The market offers a wide range of devices with different configurations and mounts. Not difficult to pick up infrared ceramic gas heater which will ideally fit into an interior and will meet all technical inquiries. Such a heater can be installed both on the floor and on the wall or ceiling.
Surface radiation heating element. If other heaters for summer cottages warm up the air itself, then infrared equipment heats objects in the room, which then give off heat to the room itself.
In the country, an infrared heater is doubly convenient: it can be used not only at home, but also put in a gazebo to heat it in cool weather.
Most outdoor heaters used in cafes or bus stops are infraredOutdoor gas heater Foreman: an inexpensive option
An outdoor heater is indispensable for those who like to spend a lot of time outdoors, have picnics, fry kebabs on an open fire. With such a device, you can indulge in the pleasure of being outside even in very cool weather, extending the summer season. Appearance a street gas heater resembles a street lighting pole. The fuel is in the tank, which is located at the base of the structure. It is filled with gas as needed.
Outdoor heat sources are used not only for summer cottages, but also on the summer verandas of cafes, children's play areas in the fresh air.
In addition to full-fledged street heating appliances There is a portable gas heater. Most often there are compact devices brand kovea. A small-sized gas heater is ideal for a tent to keep warm when fishing or hunting. The firm also makes other travel products, such as an infrared cooking stove for camping.
Stove on a gas cylinder: Chinese and other options
A gas stove for giving with a cylinder is a good alternative to the classic brick stove. According to the principle of operation, such a device resembles a gas boiler. The design of the stove includes: a burner with a firebox, a heating shield and the body itself.
There may be several reasons for installing gas stoves in the country:
- It heats up the room quickly.
- No need to clean the chimney pipes, unlike a brick oven
- Can adjust the temperature
- Easy to move to another location if needed
- Safe to use
- Does not require electricity
Models are heat-intensive and non-heat-intensive. Heat-intensive materials accumulate heat in themselves, cooling down more slowly.
Rules for choosing the best heater: price and quality
The main thing when choosing a heater is to correctly calculate the required power. Traditionally, when determining this parameter, a standard flow rate is used: 1 kW per 10 square meters. m. It is better to add to the number obtained during the calculation a little more in reserve. To cover the heat losses that will unwittingly occur during the operation of the heater.
Direct or indirect heating. It depends on the type of heating whether the device will take air directly from the room and release products into it that occur during combustion, or whether the unit involves the removal of combustion products. For direct type of heating, ventilation is required. They are not recommended for indoor use.
It is important to make sure that it is possible to conveniently connect the heater to the mains. If the unit runs on cylinders, then cylinders are purchased with it, their compatibility with the device is checked.
Additional features. The presence of a thermostat, an emergency shutdown mechanism for the gas supply is something that you should keep in mind when buying. Some devices operate with multiple fuel options. Protective Algorithm takes into account several factors independently of each other: the inclination of the device, the level of the flame, the interruption of the fuel supply.
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