Firewood is the most accessible and inexpensive type of fuel in our country. In addition, it is the most environmentally friendly fuel. To maintain the heat output, the manufacturer recommends heating the boiler with coarsely chopped dry logs of various types of wood.
Buy a wood-fired boiler in our store at the price of the Ermak-Stoker manufacturer. The sizes of a fire chamber favorably distinguish our heating devices from analogs. The most inexpensive and budgetary model of the wood-burning boiler AOTV 8-E is designed for logs 50 cm long at a flow rate of 5 kg / hour in long-burning mode. The depth of the furnace of the most productive unit PRO 32-E is 62 cm. Due to the volumetric furnace space of the boilers, a large amount of firewood is possible for autonomous operation in the long-burning mode.
In the conditions of an economical mode of long burning with a minimum air supply, logs of firewood smolder in the boiler furnace, and the emitted wood gases burn in the afterburner. The result of the operation of the device is saving on heating with the maximum duration of the device. Economy mode makes full use of wood fuel reserves, reduces home heating costs and minimizes maintenance.
The heating system is heated through a water jacket, the coolant is distributed over a large heating area around the furnace. For easy control of the water jacket temperature, all models are equipped with thermometers on the front wall of the case.
Useful options
To avoid temperature fluctuations after burning firewood, the manufacturer recommends buying a heating element with a thermostat for your boiler. This option will automate the heating process and maintain a constant comfortable temperature in the heating circuit. The threaded coupling for the heating element is located in the lower part of the body.
By purchasing a draft regulator for a wood-burning boiler, you can automate the movement of the damper that supplies air to the furnace to control the set temperature of the coolant.
Installation of heating equipment is one of the top priorities for owners of private houses. Own dwellings, often, do not have a supply to the central heating system, and in some areas even to the gas main. That is why users prefer to install solid fuel boilers with a water circuit.
This device has an autonomous power supply and is able to provide high-quality heating of the whole house. Any raw material available for the area can be used as an energy source. If you live in an area with a lumber industry, the best option is to use sawdust and wood chips. One of the cheapest options is to use pellets as they are a recycled product. It is also possible to use equipment on wood and coal. The main thing is that the fuel is properly dried and has the right size.
Before purchasing a boiler, it is necessary to study in detail the features of its design, the principle of operation, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the models.
Features of the unit configuration
A solid fuel boiler with a water circuit differs little in its design features from standard solid fuel installations. The main difference is the presence of a water circuit, which is included in the package of heating equipment.
The boiler consists of the following elements: a water circuit, a furnace, an ash chamber and a grate.
There are single-circuit and double-circuit versions of the product. The first ones are designed only to ensure the operation of the heating system at home. The latter, in addition to heating, provide hot water supply for use.
Advice: Before choosing a specific model of the unit, you should calculate the required power of the device. This parameter will depend on the total area of \u200b\u200bthe heated room. When using a double-circuit design, consider the required power for water heating. In general, take into account 1 kW for every 10 m 2.
Depending on the technical characteristics of the device, fuel can be fed into the boiler automatically or manually by a person. With automatic loading, it is assumed that there is a tank in which raw materials can be placed for autonomous heating of the house during the week.
Models with a tank are more expensive, so manual stacking boilers are more popular.
In addition, only crushed coal with a diameter of up to 2.5 cm is suitable for automatic feeding.
The principle of operation of solid fuel boilers with a water circuit
Water is heated in the system circuit only during the period of fuel combustion. The main raw material for such models is coal or wood. When choosing a manual unit, one supply can be enough for a period of 3 to 4 hours. If you want to ensure a longer period of burning of raw materials, then you should give preference to the pyrolysis model of equipment.
The cost-effectiveness of the installation depends on the quality of the device you use, how efficient the heat exchange process in the circuit is, and also on the control of the temperature regime of the coolant.
The water circuit of the product has a special structure, which allows heating the coolant with the best efficiency during the operation of a solid fuel boiler.
The resulting thermal energy is accumulated from the walls of the water jacket, which ensures a fairly rapid heating of the water in the system. In addition, this way you can maintain a high temperature level in the structure for a long period of time.
Regardless of which method of water circulation in the system (forced or natural), the boiler will equally effectively heat a private house.
Advantages and disadvantages of solid fuel units
Solid fuel boilers with a water circuit have many positive aspects during installation, these include:
- high level of equipment reliability and safety;
- long service life of the installation;
- low cost of the heating system due to the availability of raw materials;
- the possibility of using the boiler in areas with no connection to the main gas;
- there is no need for frequent maintenance of the device.
In addition, waste from combustion products (ash) can be reused on the farm. A solid fuel boiler can always be converted to an installation operating on other heat carriers: gas, diesel, etc.
By purchasing a universal model of the boiler, you can use any type of solid fuel that is currently available.
Also, the equipment has several negative sides, which include:
- low level of efficiency of wood-burning models (the maximum value of this indicator can reach 80%);
- in boilers with manual fuel supply, it is necessary to regularly load it (on average every 5-6 hours).
In conclusion, the video, which considers the connection diagram of a boiler with a water circuit to a heating system with a gas boiler:
Updated:
2016-08-15Solid fuel boilers with a water circuit for the home are deservedly popular due to their efficiency. Such heating systems are able not only to generate heat for space heating, but also to supply hot water.
Boiler design diagram
A standard wood-burning boiler with one circuit, which provides only space heating, includes the following design elements.
- Firebox. This is a chamber in which combustion of solid fuel occurs. Typically, fireboxes run on wood, coal, peat or pellets.
- Ash pan of the oven. A container designed to collect solid waste after fuel combustion in the chamber.
- Chimney. The system that is equipped with every solid fuel stove for the home. It serves to remove the gaseous products of combustion of the fuel used.
- Boiler jacket. This is a heat exchanger that is filled with water and built into the furnace body. The coolant enters the jacket and accumulates energy from the burnt fuel, transferring it to the heating radiators.
A double-circuit solid fuel boiler, in addition to the indicated structural elements, also has a coil or storage tank to provide a hot water supply system. This second heat exchanger is connected to a cold water supply, and at the outlet we get a portion of heated water.
Methods for placing a hot water circuit
A solid fuel heating boiler with a water circuit can have two ways of placing a water heating system.
- flow diagram. It provides for the presence in the design of the main jacket of the coil, which is powered by the energy of the heat carrier of the heating system. Cold water passes through the coil and warms up to the desired temperature. Usually the temperature is up to 45 degrees Celsius. The disadvantage of the circuit is its low performance. Such a stove for a house with a flow-through water heating system is capable of heating no more than 8 liters per minute.
- Accumulative scheme. This connection method provides for the installation of a built-in boiler in the furnace. This is a container with water, which is heated by the same coolant as in the first case, or by hot air. The second option is possible if the boiler is located in the chimney. In this case, the temperature of the liquid inside the boiler can reach 95 degrees Celsius. The main advantage of the storage scheme is the impressive volume of heated water. But in order to constantly heat the water in the boiler, the stove will have to be additionally heated with solid fuel. Hence, there is an increased consumption of firewood.
How the water circuit works
Before you choose and install a heating system for your home with your own hands, you need to figure out how a wood-burning stove with a water circuit works.
- Water heating occurs only when wood masonry or another type of solid fuel is burning inside the firebox;
- Mostly in a wood stove, coal or wood is used;
- One loading provides burning 3-4 hours;
- To ensure longer burning, you should choose a stove for a gas-generating type house;
- Savings on heat production is achieved by using a high quality heating stove. Also, the efficiency of heat exchange processes and precise control of the temperature of the coolant affect the economy;
- The wall, where a water jacket is provided, accumulates thermal energy;
- This ensures rapid heating of water and its maintenance in a given temperature range for a long period;
- In practice, it has been proven that a solid fuel stove with a water circuit functions equally effectively with two types of circulation - forced and natural.
Advantages and disadvantages
Choosing a solid fuel stove for your home, which is additionally equipped with a water circuit, you get efficient heating and hot water equipment with a wide range of advantages.
The main positives include:
- Cheapness of fuel. This is the most affordable fuel that can be used for heating boilers;
- Availability of equipment. The stove itself for the house is quite small. Some build them with their own hands. Although it is recommended to give preference to products from a trusted manufacturer;
- High levels of reliability. A solid fuel stove equipped with a water circuit demonstrates excellent reliability indicators, as proven by a multi-million audience of users;
- Long service life. Reliability leads to excellent durability;
- Infrequent service intervals. Although the stove uses solid fuel, the equipment will not require complex maintenance. The most important point is to remove the ashes from the ash pan;
- Benefits of Ash. Ash, which is formed as a result of the combustion of solid fuels, is easily removed by hand. At the same time, throwing it in the trash is not worth it. Since such a furnace is the prerogative of private houses, you probably have a plot of land. Ash acts as a highly effective fertilizer;
- Possibility of refurbishment. A solid fuel boiler is excellent because, if necessary, the furnace can be re-equipped by adapting the equipment to work on gas, diesel fuel, etc.
But in addition to the obvious advantages, such heating systems for a wood-fired house have disadvantages.
- Relatively low efficiency. With an impressive consumption of wood, the efficiency of the boiler will be no more than 70-80 percent.
- The need for regular loading of the furnace. You have to regularly add firewood to the stove with your own hands. Although today there is an oven with automatic feed on sale. You will need to make one download. Further, the automation of the wood-burning stove will independently add the required amount of firewood to maintain the set parameters. As a result, one download is enough for several days. The disadvantage of automatic feeding lies in the specific requirements for the wood or coal used.
In order to competently choose a solid fuel boiler with a water circuit with your own hands, rely on a few useful recommendations.
- Thermal power. A hot water boiler (double-circuit) in terms of power exceeds a single-circuit analogue by 25 percent on average. Therefore, if a single-circuit power of 12 kW is enough for simple heating, then a boiler with a power of about 15 kW is required for heating and heating water. The larger the area of \u200b\u200bthe premises and the more consumers, the higher the boiler power will be required.
- The performance of the water heating circuit. The double-circuit unit is capable of heating up to 2.5 liters of water per minute. If this is not enough for your needs, it makes sense to buy a solid fuel boiler equipped with a boiler.
- Service. Maintenance consists in cleaning the ash pan and loading firewood into the heating system with your own hands. Long-burning boilers are good because the furnace can burn up to 5 days without fuel refill. But you will have to clean the ash pan three times a month.
- Heat exchanger and combustion chamber. For efficient hot water supply, it is better to choose a heat exchanger made of copper or steel. The combustion chamber is better from cast iron, because it has a long service life.
Buying a solid fuel boiler that has a water heating circuit is not a problem. At the same time, the cost of equipment starts from 60 thousand rubles. Is it possible to install the oven with your own hands? Yes. But it is recommended to trust this issue to specialists.
Gasification of private sectors is progressing by leaps and bounds. But until now, many settlements are heated by coal or firewood. And when the "blue fuel" will reach them is unknown. But the budget is not rubber. Looking at the rising prices for firewood, coal or pellets (pressed fuel), people clutch their heads. However, there is a way out of the situation - long-burning solid fuel boilers with a water circuit, saving both firewood and time. You need to heat once a day, and for some models even once a week is enough. Today we will figure out what kind of “miracle unit” this is, why it is so rarely necessary to heat it and how much such a boiler costs.
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Solid fuel boilers for long burning with a water circuit: advantages and disadvantages
Long-burning solid fuel boilers for heating are an opportunity to provide a home with heat and create comfortable living conditions, while consuming less wood or coal than when using a conventional stove. Such a unit has a lot of advantages, among which it is worth highlighting:
- economy achieved by high efficiency;
- the unit is easy to maintain;
- low cost;
- environmental friendliness and safety.
Depending on the model, such units may be equipped with additional options that will facilitate the heating process. However, it is not without drawbacks, among which it is worth noting the need for periodic cleaning and loading of fuel (in comparison with gas and electrical equipment). But these shortcomings disappear if we compare the device with conventional stove heating.
The principle of operation of a solid fuel boiler for long burning
The principle of operation of a solid fuel boiler for heating a house is based on the properties of wood, to emit a gas called pyrolysis during combustion. In a wood stove, this gas is not used in any way for a constructive reason. It is itself a fuel, which, when burned, produces a large amount of heat. Using pyrolysis gas, engineers managed to increase the efficiency of long-burning solid fuel heating boilers by minimizing open flames.
Classification of units: what to look for when choosing
The choice of a long burning boiler depends on several factors. The weight of the equipment is taken into account, but only if it is planned to place the device on the wall. The main attention is paid to the main parameters. To determine them, consider the classification of aggregates.
Fuel combustion method: which is better
There are two types of devices - volatile and non-volatile. Consider their differences, pros and cons.
A traditional volatile boiler is comparable in appearance to a conventional stove, which has a window in the upper part. Fuel is loaded into it. Firewood or coal smolders inside, there is no open flame, but the release of this heat is sufficient. At the same time, a special fan is periodically turned on, removing excess oxygen from the furnace. Due to the absence of an open flame, fuel is saved and the time interval between its bookmarks is increased.
Such a unit is equipped with an afterburner, providing an increase in efficiency up to 80 ÷ 85%. These devices are reliable and durable due to the simplicity of their design, but they have the disadvantage of being volatile. When the power is turned off, the fan stops turning on and smoldering does not occur. The solution would be to purchase a UPS (uninterruptible power supply).
What is a pyrolysis solid fuel boiler
Non-volatile devices are called pyrolysis devices. The difference from the previous version is that the fuel is first dried, after which degassing occurs. As a result, more than 80% of substances are converted into gas, the combustion temperature of which is 2 times higher than that of firewood. To understand how it works, we suggest watching a short video:
Advantages - efficiency (up to 95%), efficiency and autonomy (power outages are not terrible).
What type of fuel to choose
An important parameter for saving the family budget is the type of fuel that the unit will use. The choice here will depend on what is more profitable to purchase in a particular region. If a person lives where there is a lot of forest, naturally he will choose a wood-fired boiler. But it is worth noting that long-burning coal-fired boilers require bookmarks less often than wood-burning ones.
Number of contours: how important is this parameter
The choice for this parameter depends on the availability of hot water in the house. Double-circuit devices are more expensive, but they make it possible, in addition to heating, to organize hot water supply in a dwelling. If there is no hot water in the house, this factor is crucial, especially if small children live in the house.
Important! An additional circuit enables uninterrupted hot water supply only in the presence of cold water. If there is no running water in the house, there will be no point in overpaying.
Selecting a device for heating by power
The power of the unit determines the ability to heat a given area of \u200b\u200bthe room. Nothing complicated. We buy more expensive and there are no problems. But the question arises, why overpay for unnecessary power? Yes, and fuel for such equipment takes more. The reverse side of the coin is insufficient power. In this case, the equipment will not warm the room to a comfortable temperature - and again, money wasted.
In order not to be mistaken with the power of a solid fuel boiler, we suggest using an online calculator. It will eliminate the error in the calculations that a person can make. All that is required from the user is to enter data in the appropriate fields and click the "calculate" button. The program will display the required equipment parameter in kW.
Calculator for calculating the power of a solid fuel boiler for long burning
The heart of the hot water heating system is the boiler. In it, the thermal energy of combustion or heating of electric heating elements is transferred to the coolant. The efficiency of heating the house depends on how he will do this, what resources to use. When choosing a boiler for water heating, a number of nuances should be clarified, starting with the type of fuel used and ending with the design of the unit. There is nothing complicated about this, it is enough to familiarize yourself with the features of each design and choose the best option.
Boiler type (fuel)
First, decide on what fuel the heating boiler will operate. Assess the availability, continuity, and cost-effectiveness of the options available.
Gas
If the house is connected to the gas main, then the conclusion is unambiguous. Gas is available, relatively inexpensive. It is supplied continuously, so there will be no interruptions in the operation of water heating, as is the case with an electric boiler when the power is turned off, and it is convenient to use, there is no need to be distracted by laying new fuel, as in the case of a solid fuel boiler. Gas boilers are equipped with a practical and trouble-free automation unit for continuous operation, without requiring the user's attention.
However, connecting a gas boiler requires obtaining a special permit, compliance with the requirements for the organization of the boiler room and operation.
Condensing boilers have a high efficiency, conditionally reaching 109% due to the use of heat from the condensation of water vapor formed during the combustion of gas. This is a significant savings on heating, however, the cost of such a unit is several times higher than the prices of analogues. In addition, during the operation of the boiler, highly acidic condensate is formed, which is forbidden to be drained into a conventional sewer and septic tank.
Atmospheric and turbocharged gas boilers differ in that the former use the natural draft of the chimney in operation, and the latter use a forced draft fan burner.
Electrical
Are applied as the main or reserve copper in system of water heating. Everything depends on the conditions. At the same time, even in the first case, it is recommended to install an additional boiler on a different type of fuel, which, in the event of a power outage, will support the heating of the coolant and will not allow the house to freeze.
The advantage of an electric boiler is its relatively low cost and the absence of strict installation requirements and special permits. Minus - expensive operation in view of the price of electricity. Heating with electricity is cost-effective only in small heating systems, for example, in apartments or houses with 2-3 rooms with good thermal insulation.
The most common heating elements are electric boilers for heating with a water circuit. Although electrode boilers save electricity up to 30% compared to heating elements and have auto-tuning, they are not so in demand due to the fact that the principle of operation is based on the ionization of the coolant, which uses special chemical compositions. Distilled water is not suitable for electrode boilers. Those. to the considerable price of the boiler itself, problems with the preparation of the coolant will also be added.
Solid fuel
The operational difference of solid fuel boilers is the periodic loading of new fuel. It is on this feature that the choice is made in the first place: how often you need to lay, the method of loading, the type of fuel, etc.
Classical solid propellant coppers work at fiery combustion of fuel. Units for coal have a low firebox, since the flame from burning coal is lower than that of firewood, so the maximum temperature is noted at the level of 10-15 cm from burning coals. Bookmarks of coal last for 8-9 hours. The height of the furnace in boilers for firewood is higher - up to 40 cm, due to a higher flame, and one bookmark burns out in 5-6 hours. Plus, firewood is available and cheap, but before use, they must be well dried. There are models that work on both coal and wood. The advantage of direct combustion boilers is their relatively compact size.
The principle of operation of pyrolysis boilers is the decomposition of wood under the influence of high temperature and oxygen deficiency into coke and wood gas, which is subsequently mixed with air and ignited in the combustion chamber. Combustion occurs at temperatures up to 1200 °C. One bookmark is enough for 10 hours of boiler operation. They differ in the ability to control the temperature of the coolant depending on the volume of air supplied to the combustion chamber. Wood, or brown coal, is most often used as fuel, models on coke or coal are less common. They have a high efficiency, but for better efficiency due to the rapid combustion of fuel, it is recommended to choose them with a power reserve and complete with heat accumulators.
Long-burning boilers operate up to 2-5 days on any solid fuel (coal, wood, briquettes, etc.). They are more expensive than analogues, but the savings in fuel consumption cover this minus, as well as the fact that it is unnecessary to worry too often about the presence of fuel in the combustion chamber.
Among solid fuel boilers, long-burning units stand out with a lot of advantages, but they are inferior to gas and electric boilers, having lower efficiency and stringent requirements for the organization of natural or forced draft.
Diesel
Can be called an alternative to gas boilers. Diesel fuel is cheaper than electricity, and the design of such a boiler is similar to gas, the only difference is in the design of the burner. Many models are built in such a way that it is possible to switch to water heating with liquid fuel or gas by replacing the burner. As in the case of gas boilers, diesel boilers can be of a condensing type, the principle of operation is similar.
The disadvantage is the high noise level during operation. Not far from the boiler, it is necessary to equip a protected tank with a supply of diesel fuel.
heat exchanger
The reliability of the boiler is also important - this is affected by the material of manufacture of the heat exchanger. Cast iron is durable, can last up to 20 years, but can be damaged by mechanical shock and sudden changes in temperature. Steel is resistant to such loads, but a steel heat exchanger will last about 6 years. Cast iron is recommended for private houses.
In addition, there are plate and tubular heat exchangers:
- Lamellar are most common, they are cheap and have a high heat transfer area. The disadvantage is the requirement for clean water. The circuit must include a water treatment system.
- Tubular ones have a small heat transfer area per unit weight, which is compensated by a massive design and copper design, and this significantly increases the price.
Power
Calculating the power of a thermal boiler is a rather painstaking task that requires taking into account all the heat losses of the house and the parameters of the heating system. However, there is a conditional simplified “formula”, according to which there are 10 m2 of a heated room per 1 kW of the boiler. To this is added 20% of the reserve and 5-6 kW when using a double-circuit boiler for preparing domestic hot water.
Design
The boiler can be single-circuit or double-circuit. Here, the choice follows from whether it is necessary to organize hot water supply in the house.
The design of the boiler can be with or without pressurization of air into the combustion chamber, respectively, there are models:
- atmospheric;
- turbocharged.
The removal of combustion products from atmospheric boilers is carried out by means of the natural draft of the chimney, therefore, fresh air must constantly be supplied to the boiler, which is stipulated by the stringent requirements of SNIP for the arrangement of the boiler room.
Boilers with turbocharging are equipped with forced draft burners. On the one hand, this increases the efficiency, but on the other hand, the dimensions of the unit also increase. In addition, they require electricity to operate. Since a turbocharged boiler independently creates draft for the removal of combustion products, instead of a classic chimney, a special pipe is mounted for it through the walls or a coaxial chimney, which simplifies the requirements for organizing a boiler room.
For execution, you will have to choose from:
- floor;
- wall.
Wall models are represented by a compact case, which includes the boiler itself, a circulation pump, a pressure gauge, an expansion tank, an air vent and a pressure reducer. This is convenient, you do not need to design a boiler room, but just bring the chimney and connect it to the pipes. However, such units are short-lived, they will last up to 5-7 years.
Floor models are durable, can last up to 15-40 years. Their execution often includes only a boiler, but additionally with a heat storage tank. All other elements will need to be selected and connected separately. It is several times more expensive to equip a boiler room for a floor version than for a wall-mounted one, but on the other hand, the separate execution of all water heating elements will make it easier to maintain and repair, and, if necessary, replace them separately.
Manufacturers
Separate consideration are manufacturers of boilers for water heating systems. The number of brands is huge, they differ in the country of production, quality, prices, equipment. This topic is extensive, so a separate article and a series of reviews on the most popular manufacturers will be devoted to it.
