Ernesto Che Guevara, or simply Che, is one of the most famous revolutionaries of the 20th century, who has become a symbol of the struggle for freedom for many people.
Some facts of his biography remain classified to this day, however, what is known about him for sure is enough to appreciate the brightness and originality of Commander Che Guevara.
How to become a Comandante
Ernesto Guevara was born in 1928 in Argentina. His parents tried to give him a comprehensive education, and their library consisted of several thousand books.
Ernesto spoke fluent French, was fond of the works of Hugo, Tolstoy, Kropotkin, Sartre. Despite his penchant for the exact sciences, Ernesto chose the profession of a doctor and entered the Faculty of Medicine.
During and after his studies, Guevara traveled a lot. On one of these trips, he even wrote the book "The Diary of a Motorcyclist", where he described in detail his seven-month trip to Latin America.
However, the revolutionary movement carried Ernesto only on the next journey, which a graduate of the University of Buenos Aires undertook in 1953.
Once in Guatemala, Che Guevara met Cubans who fled from the political regime of Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista.
By the way, Ernesto Guevara took the nickname Che himself, trying to emphasize his Argentine origin (che is a popular address in Argentina).
Ernesto Guevara was forced to flee Guatemala for Mexico, where he first sold books and worked as a watchman, and then got a job as a doctor in the Mexico City City Hospital.
It was to him that two Cubans came for a consultation, one of whom turned out to be an old acquaintance of Ernesto. They said that a group of rebels was gathering in Mexico City who wanted to overthrow Batista.
Fascinated by this idea, Che Guevara met Raul Castro a few days later and became an active participant in the preparations for the Cuban revolution.
Long live the revolution
A year later, a small yacht departed from the port of Tuspan, on which there were 82 people - a detachment of Fidel Castro. Ernesto Guevara was enrolled in this unit as a doctor.
The landing in Cuba did not go at all as planned, and the revolutionaries were forced to wade ashore, saving weapons and medical supplies.
The expedition was by no means a secret, and a group of exhausted people was attacked by Batista's army of 35,000, supported by tanks, warships and fighters. However, almost half of the detachment managed to hide in the mountains of the Sierra Maestra.
These mountains were the base of the Castro detachment for almost two years: from there they carried out sorties, new rebels came there, the local population actively supported the revolutionaries.
It would seem that the revolution, initially doomed to defeat, ended in a spectacular victory after two years of struggle: on January 2, 1959, the partisans occupied Havana without firing a shot.
After victory
Under the new government, Che showed himself to be a rather successful diplomatic and political figure, but already in 1965 he renounced Cuban citizenship and went to the Congo, where he took an active part in the rebel struggle against the current government.
However, the uprising ended in failure, and the commander secretly went to Bolivia. There, for 11 months, he successfully led a partisan struggle against regular government troops, who were supported by the CIA, which announced a hunt for the legendary revolutionary.
Luck changed Che on October 8, 1967, when the remnants of his detachment were defeated, and he himself was captured. The very next day, an order was received to "destroy Senor Guevara", which was immediately carried out.
The body of Che Guevara was only discovered in a mass grave in Bolivia in 1997. Now his remains, along with the ashes of six of his comrades, rest in the mausoleum of Santa Clara, where Ernesto won one of the most important battles for Cuba.
Despite the fact that only one revolution, in which Ernesto Che Guevara took part, ended in success, he remained in the memory of people as a symbol of the tireless struggle for freedom and equality, a rude, cruel and fanatical, but at the same time a surprisingly noble man, wholly and completely devoted to the revolutionary ideals.
Ernesto Che Guevara - full name Ernesto Guevara de la Serna - was born on June 14, 1928 in Rosario (Argentina). At the age of two, Ernesto suffered a severe form of bronchial asthma (and this disease haunted him all his life), and the family moved to Cordoba to restore his health.
In 1950, Guevara was hired as a sailor on an oil cargo ship from Argentina, visited the island of Trinidad and British Guiana.
In 1952, Ernesto went on a motorcycle tour of South America with his brother Granado. They visited Chile, Peru, Colombia and Venezuela.
In 1953 he graduated from the Medical Faculty of the National University of Buenos Aires, received a medical degree.
From 1953 to 1954, Guevara made his second long journey through Latin America. He visited Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Panama, El Salvador. In Guatemala, he took part in the defense of the government of President Árbenz, after whose defeat he settled in Mexico, where he worked as a doctor. During this period of his life, Ernesto Guevara received his nickname "Che" for the Che interjection characteristic of the Argentinean Spanish, which he abused in oral speech.
In November 1966, he arrived in Bolivia to organize a partisan movement.
The partisan detachment he created on October 8, 1967 was surrounded and defeated by government troops. Ernesto Che Guevara was .
On October 11, 1967, his body and the bodies of six other associates were secretly buried near the airport in Vallegrande. In July 1995, the location of Guevara's grave was discovered. And in July 1997, the remains of the Comandante were returned to Cuba, in October 1997, the remains of Che Guevara were reburied in the mausoleum of the city of Santa Clara in Cuba.
In 2000, Time magazine included Che Guevara in the lists of "20 Heroes and Icons" and "One Hundred Most Important Persons of the 20th Century."
The image of the Comandante is on all banknotes in denominations of three Cuban pesos.
The world-famous two-tone portrait of Che Guevara from the front has become a symbol of the romantic revolutionary movement. The portrait was created by Irish artist Jim Fitzpatrick from a 1960 photograph taken by Cuban photographer Alberto Korda. Che's beret shows the asterisk José Marti, the hallmark of the Comandante, received from Fidel Castro in July 1957 along with this title.
October 8 in Cuba in memory of Ernest Che Guevara celebrate Heroic Guerrilla Day.
Che Guevara has been married twice and has five children. In 1955, he married the Peruvian revolutionary Ilda Gadea, who gave birth to Guevara's daughter. In 1959, his marriage to Ilda broke up, and the revolutionary married Aleida March, whom he met in a partisan detachment. With Aleida, they had four children.
The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources
Paris was Saint Just, among the guerrillas of Havana - Che Guevara, Latin American Nechaev.
Ernesto Guevara comes from a bourgeois family, was born in 1928 in Buenos Aires. Even before receiving his medical degree, this fragile bourgeois youth, prone to vagrancy and suffering from chronic asthma, managed to ride a moped from the pampas of Argentina to the jungles of Central America. In the early 1950s, he ended up in Guatemala, where the government of Jacobo Arbenz was overthrown by American intervention. There Guevara learned to hate the United States. “For ideological reasons, I am of the opinion that the solution of the problems of our world is carried out on the other side of the so-called iron curtain,” he wrote to a friend in 1957. In 1955, in Mexico, at night, he meets a young Cuban lawyer who, while in exile, is preparing a revolutionary detachment to invade his native Cuba - this is Fidel Castro. Guevara decides to take the side of the Cubans, together with whom landed on the island in December 1956. In the partisan detachment, Che Guevara was appointed commandant of the "column", and he immediately showed an extraordinary severity of temper. One guerillero boy from his column was shot on the spot for petty theft of food without trial or investigation. This "ardent supporter of authoritarianism", who spread the communist revolution everywhere, often had to deal with Cuban commandants of a more democratic orientation, outraged by his lust for power.
Che Guevara
In the autumn of 1958, he opens a second front on the Las Villas plain, in the central part of the island. In Santa Clara, he brilliantly carries out an attack on a train with reinforcements sent against the revolutionaries by the dictator Batista. The military flee, leaving the battle. After the seizure of power by Castro's supporters, Che Guevara assumes the powers of the revolutionary "prosecutor" - now the outcome of the requests of political prisoners for pardon depends on him. The prison of the Boar, where he ministers, considering all cases and almost never having mercy on anyone, becomes the site of numerous executions, many of the victims of which are old comrades who used to fight with Castro, but remained democrats.
After being appointed Minister of National Industry and President of the National Bank of Cuba, he introduced the "Soviet model" of the economy in Cuba. Vocally expressing contempt for money, but living in the most prestigious quarters of Havana, this Minister of Industry, deprived of the most elementary ideas about economic activity, finally ruins the National Bank. He really likes to establish "voluntary Sundays" - the fruit of his admiration for the USSR and China, he welcomes and " cultural revolution» Mao Zedong. It was he, and not Fidel, who created the first forced labor camp on the Guanaja Peninsula, or rather, a forced labor camp.
In his will, this diligent student of the School of Terror extols "the productive hatred that turns a person into an active, cruel, selective and cold-blooded killing machine." “I cannot be friends with someone who does not share my views,” admits this fanatic, who christened his son Vladimir in honor of Lenin. Dogmatic, soulless and intolerant in nature, Che (his Argentine nickname) is the exact opposite of open and hot-tempered Cubans. In Cuba, he becomes one of the initiators of the recruitment of young people who are ready to make sacrifices on the altar of the cult of the new man.
Obsessed with the idea of exporting a Cuban-style revolution, this hatred-blind anti-American sought to spread guerillas (guerrilla warfare) around the world, which in May 1967 he put it this way: "Create two, three ... many Vietnams!" In 1963, Che went to Algeria, then to Dar es Salaam (Tanzania) and finally ended up in the Congo, where his paths crossed with the notorious Marxist Desiree Kabila, who was in charge in Zaire and did not disdain mass beatings of the civilian population.
Castro used Che Guevara for tactical purposes. When their views diverged, Guevara left for Bolivia. There he tried to put into practice the theory of fokism (from foco - hearth), that is, to kindle a hotbed of guerrilla warfare, in no way considering the special position of the Bolivian communist party. Finding no support from the peasants - none of them joined his mobile partisan detachment - alone and pursued by the authorities, Che Guevara was captured and executed on October 8, 1967.
According to the materials of the Black Book of Communism.
Ernesto Che Guevara (full name Ernesto Guevara de la Serna, Spanish Ernesto Guevara de la Serna; June 14, 1928, Argentina - October 9, 1967, Bolivia) - Latin American revolutionary, commander of the Cuban Revolution of 1959. In addition to the Latin American continent, he also acted in the Republic of the Congo. He received the nickname Che from the Cuban rebels for the interjection che, characteristic of Argentines, borrowed from the Guarani Indians, which conveys, depending on intonation and context, various feelings.
Everything about him was wrong. Instead of the aristocratic sonorous name of Ernesto Guevara de la Serna, there is a short, almost faceless pseudonym Che, which doesn’t even have a special meaning. Just an interjection - well, hey. Argentines repeat it through the word. But go and see - you got accustomed, remembered, became known to the world. Instead of a dandy outfit and pomaded hair - a rumpled jacket, worn shoes, disheveled hair. A native Argentinean, but he could not distinguish tango from waltz. And yet it was he, and not one of the smartest peers, who captured the heart of Chinchina, the daughter of one of the richest landowners in Cordoba. And so he came to the parties in her house - shaggy, in shabby clothes, terrifying the snob guests. Still, he was the best for her. Until then, of course. In the end, the prose of life took its toll: Chinchina wanted a calm, secure, comfortable life - a normal life, in a word. But for a normal life, Ernesto was just not good enough. Then, in his youth, he had a dream - to save the world. At any price. That's probably the secret. That is why the pampered, sickly boy from a well-born family turned out to be a revolutionary. But in the family of his mother - the last viceroy of Peru, his father's brother - the admiral - was the Argentine ambassador to Cuba when his nephew was partisan there. His father, also Ernesto, said: "The blood of Irish rebels, Spanish conquerors and Argentine patriots flowed in my son's veins"...
Move on. Revolutionary. In the common view - a gloomy, laconic subject, alien to the joys of life. And he lived greedily, with pleasure: he read avidly, loved painting, he painted with watercolors, was fond of chess (even after making a revolution, he continued to participate in amateur chess tournaments, and jokingly warned his wife: “I went on a date”), played football and rugby , engaged in gliding, raced rafts on the Amazon, loved cycling. Even in the newspapers, the name of Guevara appeared for the first time not in connection with revolutionary events, but when he made a tour of four thousand kilometers on a moped, traveling all over South America. Then, together with a friend, Alberto Granados, Ernesto traveled on a decrepit motorcycle. When the driven motorcycle gave up its last breath, the young people continued on foot. Granados recalled his adventures in Colombia: “We arrived in Leticia not only exhausted to the limit, but also without a centavo in our pocket. Our unpresentable appearance aroused natural suspicions among the police, and soon we found ourselves behind bars. We were rescued by the glory of Argentine football. When the police chief , an avid fan, found out that we were Argentines, he offered us freedom in exchange for agreeing to become coaches of the local football team, which was to participate in the regional championship.And when our team won, grateful fanatics of the leather ball bought us plane tickets, which safely delivered us to Bogota.
But in order. Painful. On May 2, 1930 (Tete - that was Ernesto's childhood name - was only two years old) he had his first asthma attack. Doctors advised to change the climate - the family, having sold their plantation, moved to Cordoba. The disease did not let Ernesto go all his life. He could not even go to school for the first two years - his mother had to study with him at home. By the way, Ernesto was lucky with his mother. Celia de la Ser na y de la Llosa was an outstanding woman: she spoke several languages, became one of the first feminists in the country and almost the first car enthusiast among Argentine women, she was incredibly well-read. The house had a huge library, the boy was addicted to reading. He adored poetry, retained this passion until his death - in a backpack found in Bolivia after Che's death, along with the Bolivian Diary, there was a notebook with his favorite poems.
A man who could not sit still all his life. Since childhood. At the age of eleven, Tete ran away from home with his younger brother. They were found only a few days later, eight hundred (!) Kilometers from Rosario. In his youth, already a medical student, Guevara enlisted on a cargo ship: the family needed money. Then - by his own choice - he trained in a leper colony. One day, fate threw Guevara and Granados in Peru, to the ruins of the ancient Indian city of Machu Picchu, where the last Inca emperor gave battle to the Spanish conquistadors. Alberto said to Che: "You know, old man, let's stay here. I will marry an Indian woman from a noble Inca family, I will proclaim myself emperor and become the ruler of Peru, and I will appoint you prime minister, and together we will carry out a social revolution." Che replied: "You're crazy, they don't make a revolution without shooting!"
After graduating from the university and having received a diploma as a surgeon, Ernesto Guevara did not even think of settling down. It would be possible to start a measured life - the profession of a doctor in Argentina has always been a profitable business - but he ... leaves his homeland. And it turns out in Guatemala at the most dramatic moment for this country. As a result of the first free elections, a moderately reformist government came to power in the republic. In June 1954, President Dwight Eisenhower organized a military intervention against Guatemala. It was then that Guevara established himself in the thought: a revolution is not made without shooting. Of all the recipes for getting rid of social inequality, Ernesto chooses Marxism, but not rationally dogmatic, but romantically idealized.
After Guatemala, Ernesto ended up in Mexico City, worked as a bookseller, street photographer, and doctor. And here his life changed dramatically - he met the Castro brothers. After the unsuccessful assault on the Moncada barracks on July 26, 1953, the Castros emigrated to Mexico. Here they developed a plan to overthrow the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista. In a training camp near Mexico City, Ernesto studied military affairs. The police arrested the future rebel. The only document found in Che's possession was, unknown how, a certificate of attendance at courses... of the Russian language, which fell into his pocket.
Having got out of prison, Che almost missed the board of the Granma. Among about a hundred rebels, Ernesto was the only foreigner. After a week-long voyage, the yacht moored at the southeastern tip of Cuba, but at the time of the landing, the landing was met by an ambush. Part of the rebels was killed, someone was taken prisoner, Che was wounded. Those who remained took refuge in the forested mountains of the Sierra Maestra and began a 25-month struggle.
All this time, Ernesto's parents hardly heard from him. And suddenly - joy. Around midnight on December 31, 1958 (the next day the revolution won in Cuba), there was a knock on the door of their house in Buenos Aires. Opening the door, Father Ernesto did not see anyone, but an envelope lay on the threshold. News from my son! "Dear old people! Feeling great. Used up two, left five. However, hope that God is an Argentine. I hug you all tightly, Tete." Guevara often said that he, like a cat, had seven lives. The words "used up two, left five" meant that Ernesto was wounded twice. Who brought the letter, the Guevara family never found out. And a week later, when Havana was already in the hands of the rebels, a plane arrived from Cuba for the Che family.
A few days after the victory, Che was visited by Salvador Allende. The future president of Chile was in Havana passing through. Allende told about this meeting: “In a large room, adapted for a bedroom, where books were everywhere, a man, naked to the waist, in green-olive pants, with a piercing gaze and an inhaler in his hand, was lying on a camping cot. with a severe attack of asthma. For several minutes I watched him and saw the feverish gleam in his eyes. Before me lay, mowed down by a cruel illness, one of the great fighters of America. He told me without showmanship that throughout the insurrectionary war asthma did not give him peace."
But the rebel war is over. Weekdays have come. Che - Minister of Industry, Head of the Planning Commission, Chief Banker. His sweeping two-letter signature appears on banknotes. He studies higher mathematics, writes a work on the theory and practice of the revolution, in which he sets out the theory of the "partisan hearth": a handful of revolutionaries, mainly from strata of educated youth, go to the mountains, start an armed struggle, attract peasants to their side, create an insurgent army and overthrows the anti-people regime.
The Cuban Revolution needed international recognition, and Che heads important diplomatic missions. In August 1961, he attended an inter-American economic meeting in the fashionable Uruguayan resort of Punta del Este. There, President John F. Kennedy's Alliance for Progress program was announced. Cuba is under blockade, the rulers of Latin American countries are breaking off relations with the "Island of Freedom" in exchange for economic assistance. The Soviet embassy in Uruguay was ordered from Moscow to assist Che's mission.
After the end of his lecture in Montevideo, the audience was attacked by the police. A shot rang out, and a professor struck by a bullet fell onto the pavement. The professors were not going to kill - the bullet was intended for Che.
Che was the first of the outstanding figures of the Cuban revolution to come to Moscow. The photographs have been preserved. Packed in a hat with earflaps, Che on the podium of the Mausoleum on November 7th. He sincerely sympathized with our country and, perhaps, that was why he was concerned about Khrushchev's initiative to "throw a hedgehog in the Americans' pants" by placing Soviet missiles in Cuba.
The Minister of Industry, a banker, a diplomat... But in his heart Che always remained a revolutionary - he recklessly believed in the effect of a "partisan hearth", that the Sierra Maestra could be repeated in other countries of the "third world". For eight months he fought in the Congo to save the regime of Lumumba's successor. Using Tanzania as a rear base, Che led a detachment of black Cubans. He failed to find a common language with the Congolese: they fired from machine guns with their eyes closed.
The defeat in the Congo cured Che of his illusions about the "revolutionary potential of Africa." What remained was Latin America "pregnant with the revolution", its weakest link being destitute, cut off from the outside world, Bolivia, which had experienced about two hundred coups in its short history of independence.
Che is in a hurry: the United States is rapidly taking revenge for the victory of the Cuban revolution. In 1964, a military regime reigned in Brazil for more than twenty years. And as Nixon said, "the way that Brazil goes, the whole continent will go." The continent was clearly drifting to the right. A year later, President Lyndon Johnson organized an intervention against the Dominican Republic. By creating a new "partisan hearth" Che Guevara hoped to divert US attention from Cuba.
In March 1965, Che Guevara returned to Cuba after a three-month absence. And since then ... more in public did not appear. Journalists were at a loss: arrested? is sick? fled? killed? In April, Ernesto's mother received a letter. The son reported that he was going to leave the government and settle somewhere in the wilderness.
Shortly after Che's disappearance, Fidel announces his letter in a narrow circle: "I officially renounce my post in the leadership of the party, from my post as minister, from the title of Comandante, from my Cuban citizenship. Officially, nothing more connects me with Cuba, except for the ties of another kind that cannot be renounced in the same way that I renounce my posts."
Here are fragments of a letter he left to "dear old people", his parents:
"... I again feel the ribs of Rocinante with my heels, again, dressed in armor, I set off.
Many will call me an adventurer, and this is true. But I'm the only adventurer of a special kind, the kind who risk their own skin to prove their case.
Maybe this is the last time I'm trying to do this. I do not seek such an end, but it is possible... And if it happens, accept my last embrace.
I loved you deeply, but I did not know how to express my love. I am too direct in my actions and I think that sometimes I was not understood. Besides, it was not easy to understand me, but this time - trust me. So, the determination, which I have cultivated with the enthusiasm of the artist, will make frail legs and tired lungs work. I'll get mine.
Remember sometimes this modest condottiere of the 20th century...
Your prodigal and incorrigible son hugs you tightly
And here is the letter to the children:
"Dear Ildita, Aleidita, Camilo, Celia and Ernesto! If you ever read this letter, then I will not be among you.
You won't remember much about me, and the kids won't remember anything.
Your father was a man who acted according to his views and undoubtedly lived according to his convictions.
Raise good revolutionaries. Learn a lot to master the technique that allows you to dominate nature. Remember that the most important thing is the revolution and each of us individually does not mean anything.
Above all, always be able to feel in the deepest way any injustice committed anywhere in the world. This is the most beautiful trait of a revolutionary.
Goodbye kids, I hope to see you again.
Dad sends you a big kiss and hugs you tight."
Hope did not come true. He didn't see them again. These letters were the latest news.
A year and a half after the disappearance, Che would be in Bolivia at the head of a detachment of forty people from different tribes: approximately the same "team" began the guerrilla in Cuba. But the second Sierra Maestra was not destined to take place. Indian peasants treated all whites - and even more so foreigners - as strangers. Contrary to expectations, the local Communist Party did not provide assistance, invariably fulfilling Moscow's ideological order. And Moscow did not need another revolution, committed in violation of the Kremlin calendar (without the participation of the hegemon-proletariat).
Throughout the eleven months of Che's stay in Bolivia, his demoralized detachment was haunted by setbacks. Winding, the rebels tried in vain to get away from the rangers trained by the Americans. President Johnson gave the go-ahead for Operation Cynthia, the liquidation of Che and his detachment. A day before the denouement, The New York Times published a piece of correspondence under the heading "Che's Last Fight." On October 8, 1967, Che was trapped in the El Yuro Gorge in southeastern Bolivia. Exhausted, he could hardly move, there was no cure for asthma for a long time, he was shaking with malaria, he was tormented by stomach pains. Che found himself alone, his carbine was broken, he himself was wounded. The legendary partisan was captured.
In a nearby village, he was locked up in a hut called a school. Che did not react in any way to the appearance of high military officials. His last conversation is with a young teacher, Julia Cortez. On the blackboard was written in chalk in Spanish: "I can already read." Che said, smiling: "The word 'read' is spelled with an accent. It's a mistake!" On October 9, at about 13.30, non-commissioned officer Mario Teran shot Che with an M-2 automatic rifle. As proof that the hated Che died, his body was put on public display. Che reminded the Indians of Christ, and they, like amulets, cut off strands of his hair. At the direction of the Bolivian military leadership and the CIA station, the wax mask was removed from Che's face and his hands were cut off to identify fingerprints. Later, the well-wisher will transport Che's alcoholized hands to Cuba and they will become an object of worship.
It wasn't until almost three decades later that Che's killers revealed the truth about his burial place. On October 11, the bodies of Che and six of his associates were buried in a mass grave, razed to the ground and covered with asphalt on the runway of the airfield near the village of Valle Grande. Later, when the remains of the fallen guerrillas are brought to Havana, the skeleton with the tag "E-2" is identified as the remains of Che.
The solemn funeral of Che took place on the eve of the opening of the Fifth Congress of the Communist Party of Cuba. A week of mourning was declared. Obelisks, memorial plaques, posters with Che's motto: "Always to victory!" Hundreds of thousands of Cubans walked in silence past seven containers of polished wood. The partisans were buried three hundred kilometers east of Havana, in the center of the province of Las Villas, the city of Santa Clara, where Che won his most brilliant victory.
And on October 17, 1997, Che's remains were transferred to the mausoleum, arranged at the base of the monument erected on the twentieth anniversary of his death. Among the numerous participants in the funeral ceremony are the widow of French President Francois Mitterrand, Che's fellow countryman, the famous forward Diego Maradona. The highest military honors were given, and an eternal flame was lit at the burial place of Fidel Castro. It seems that an end has been put in the fate of the legendary man.
Ernesto Che Guevara has been dead for over thirty years. His great contemporaries - John F. Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev, Charles de Gaulle and Mao Zedong - have taken their places in the textbooks of world history, and Che is still an idol. Che's time continues.
Ernesto Che Guevara - full name Ernesto Guevara de la Serna - was born on June 14, 1928 in Rosario (Argentina). At the age of two, Ernesto suffered a severe form of bronchial asthma (and this disease haunted him all his life), and the family moved to Cordoba to restore his health.
In 1950, Guevara was hired as a sailor on an oil cargo ship from Argentina, visited the island of Trinidad and British Guiana.
In 1952, Ernesto went on a motorcycle tour of South America with his brother Granado. They visited Chile, Peru, Colombia and Venezuela.
In 1953 he graduated from the Medical Faculty of the National University of Buenos Aires, received a medical degree.
From 1953 to 1954, Guevara made his second long journey through Latin America. He visited Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Panama, El Salvador. In Guatemala, he took part in the defense of the government of President Árbenz, after whose defeat he settled in Mexico, where he worked as a doctor. During this period of his life, Ernesto Guevara received his nickname "Che" for the Che interjection characteristic of the Argentinean Spanish, which he abused in oral speech.
In November 1966, he arrived in Bolivia to organize a partisan movement.
The partisan detachment he created on October 8, 1967 was surrounded and defeated by government troops. Ernesto Che Guevara was .
On October 11, 1967, his body and the bodies of six other associates were secretly buried near the airport in Vallegrande. In July 1995, the location of Guevara's grave was discovered. And in July 1997, the remains of the Comandante were returned to Cuba, in October 1997, the remains of Che Guevara were reburied in the mausoleum of the city of Santa Clara in Cuba.
In 2000, Time magazine included Che Guevara in the lists of "20 Heroes and Icons" and "One Hundred Most Important Persons of the 20th Century."
The image of the Comandante is on all banknotes in denominations of three Cuban pesos.
The world-famous two-tone portrait of Che Guevara from the front has become a symbol of the romantic revolutionary movement. The portrait was created by Irish artist Jim Fitzpatrick from a 1960 photograph taken by Cuban photographer Alberto Korda. Che's beret shows the asterisk José Marti, the hallmark of the Comandante, received from Fidel Castro in July 1957 along with this title.
October 8 in Cuba in memory of Ernest Che Guevara celebrate Heroic Guerrilla Day.
Che Guevara has been married twice and has five children. In 1955, he married the Peruvian revolutionary Ilda Gadea, who gave birth to Guevara's daughter. In 1959, his marriage to Ilda broke up, and the revolutionary married Aleida March, whom he met in a partisan detachment. With Aleida, they had four children.
The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources
