Waste oil boilers are double-circuit. Choosing the best waste oil boiler - overview of models. Where are these heating units used?

Different types of waste oils have long been used to heat buildings, most often industrial ones. Usually, home-made stoves are used as an energy source, directly heating the air in the room. But life does not stand still, obtaining thermal energy from mining is becoming relevant for heating private houses. In this regard, factory-made heat sources appeared, as well as home-made boilers using waste oil.

Scheme of operation of the boiler at the working out

The principle of operation and the advantages of homemade boilers

To heat a room or an entire building using the thermal energy of burning old oils, boilers of this type operate on a principle that is vaguely reminiscent of pyrolysis. The fuel at the bottom of the chamber is first heated until combustible vapors appear. They rise up, mix with air and burn, releasing heat. It is transferred directly to the water jacket of the unit through the walls of the chamber. To understand the process, a diagram of a waste oil boiler is shown below.

Boiler device

1 - top cover; 2 - control cabinet; 3 - power supply; 4 - fan; 5 - pump; 6 - fuel tank; 7 - oil processing; 8 - sump; 9 - tap for emptying; 10 - oil pipeline; 11 - door for ignition and maintenance; 12, 16 - respectively, the supply and return pipelines, the heating system is connected to them; 13 - pipe for supplying air to the combustion zone; 14 - water jacket; 15 - flame tubes; 17 - combustion chamber; 18 - condensate collector; 19 - damper - draft regulator; 20 - chimney.

To understand whether it is worth doing this business, or is it better to just buy a factory-made boiler, you need to analyze what advantages home-made units have. They are pretty significant:

1. Low cost. Even if you entrust the work to experienced craftsmen, pay for it and buy all the materials, then a home-made boiler for testing will cost you half as much as a factory one.
2. You can burn any kind of used oils, and if necessary, diesel fuel.
3. There is always the possibility of improving the design or supplementing it with automation tools.
4. Since the use of waste oil as fuel involves a small amount of ash after combustion, maintenance of the heat source will not take much time.
5. A well-assembled unit with a set of automation during operation does not require constant attention and frequent visits to the furnace, you just need to fill the tank with fuel in time.

Among the shortcomings, some inertia can be distinguished, it lies in the fact that after the air supply to the combustion zone is stopped, the process does not stop immediately, this requires some time, during which the coolant continues to warm up. Further, after the flame has faded, the mining boilers will need to be ignited manually, unless a special device is provided for this.

Home-made boilers for heating on the development of an improved design are endowed with the “idle” function, when very little air is supplied to the chamber. This is done in order to maintain a small flame when intensive heating of the coolant is not required. After it cools down, the air supply resumes and the heat generator enters the operating mode.

When you decide to make heating work out, you need to understand that the furnace will not be as clean as when using gas or electricity. This is an inevitable attribute of the use of spent fuel, as well as the presence of a specific smell. In addition, it will be necessary to organize oil filtration from metal chips and other solid inclusions so that they do not clog the fuel path.

Work instructions

What does the finished boiler look like?

A boiler that burns waste oil differs from a furnace in that it does not allow the lion's share of heat to fly into the pipe and heats the water in the heating system, not the air. Another thing is how it is implemented in the design of the unit. With factory heat generators, everything is clear, they are produced on the basis of calculations and developments that are performed by entire teams of specially hired people. As for the manufacture of a home-made boiler for testing, this is the result of the work and creative thought of several people, and as practice shows, the result is very successful.

A variant of a heating device without a water jacket: the scheme and principle of operation of the stove in working out

Let's take advantage of these results and take a closer look at how to make a mining boiler with your own hands. To do this, you will need tools and fixtures:

• DC manual arc welding machine (inverter);
• angle grinder with cutting wheels for metal;
• electric drill;
• a hammer, a set of keys and other locksmith tools available in each individual household.

As you can see from the list, two skills are required from you: plumbing and welding. Especially in the manufacture of a home-made boiler for testing the ability to perform high-quality and tight welding seams is important. If this is not certain, then it is worth inviting a professional electric welder to help.

Now you should pick up materials for a homemade boiler. Usually, in order not to rack their brains over the manufacture of the body of the future heat generator, they take two vessels or two pipes of different diameters, so that when one is inserted into the other, there is a gap of 3-4 cm between them for a water jacket. Since the operation of the boiler is associated with high temperatures, the wall thickness of the pipes must be at least 4 mm, and preferably 6 mm.

Advice. For the inner body of the firebox, propane or oxygen cylinders are often taken.

To assemble a homemade waste oil boiler, you first need to cut the pipes to the required length, which is also the height of the unit. Additionally, you will need pipes of smaller diameters for nozzles, air supply and heat exchanger, as well as sheet metal with a thickness of at least 4 mm to make a round door and covers. Of the additional equipment, you will need to purchase an oil pump, an air blower and an automation kit with sensors. When everything is ready, you can start assembling by studying the drawings of the waste oil boiler.

schematic drawing

Shown here is a basic version of a do-it-yourself boiler. Next, you need to make a water jacket with a fire tube heat exchanger, as shown in the photo below.

The next stage is the installation of an electric fan and an automation kit that will control the temperature of the coolant, controlling the performance of the air blower and oil pump. This is followed by testing and installation of the boiler in the furnace.

Advice. Before filling the system with water and the tank with fuel, it is recommended to check the quality of the welds for permeability using generally accepted methods.

Conclusion

Used engine oils are an alternative source of energy for heating your home, especially when other sources of energy are expensive and unavailable. But often homeowners do not have the opportunity to purchase the necessary equipment due to its high cost. At the same time, well-made home-made heating boilers function no worse than factory ones and therefore deserve attention. The work of one of these boilers can be seen by watching the video.

A variety of substances can be used as fuel for domestic boilers, but not all of them are equivalent. Along with traditional solutions, the search for alternatives is increasingly being carried out. One of them is used oil.

Peculiarities

A waste oil boiler is attractive in that such fuel is considered one of the cheapest compared to others. In practice, both artificial and natural oils can be used.

It doesn't matter how it was used:

in cars;

in the rolling stock of the railway;

in culinary and building technology.

The combustion of such waste oils invariably generates a large amount of heat. In addition, the oil boiler can be assembled by hand. It is especially attractive when heating utility rooms, such as garages and utility blocks. But at the same time, it should be taken into account that such systems have positive and negative aspects common to all liquid (as well as specific) ones. We need to analyze this point in more detail.

Advantages and disadvantages

Since oil heaters themselves are inexpensive and use cheap fuel, they pay off quickly. Self-assembly is even more profitable (of course, with strict consideration of all technological requirements and with proper operation, but this will be discussed in the following sections). With proper assembly and sensible tuning, the combustion of oil occurs completely, it does not form toxic products. Oil boilers contain a very small number of parts, which not only simplifies assembly, but also reduces the chance of breakage. Importantly, the rate of heating of both the equipment itself and the room where it is installed is very high.

But it is worth considering the possible problems. So, oil boilers quickly burn out oxygen. Therefore, it will take a lot of effort to create good ventilation. The use of waste oil leads to frequent clogging of the boilers; they will have to be serviced and simply cleaned more often than other samples. Boilers of this kind allow the use of not only individual types of natural or synthetic oil, but also their combination.

But the use of a variety of raw materials causes a high risk of the presence of specific impurities. Therefore, it will be necessary to supply the section supplying fuel inside the boiler with a special filter. Due to the rapid clogging of the cleaning system, it needs to be replaced regularly. Thus, the obvious weaknesses and strengths of the oil boiler are due precisely to the specifics of the fuel used. You can more accurately characterize the system if you understand the features of its device.

Kinds

Extraction boilers can heat the air directly. Such systems are characterized by impressive performance and can warm up the air for a long time even in large houses. The peculiarity is manifested in the fact that the fuel container is most often placed on the floor, and the heating block is attached to the wall or even to the ceiling. In addition to this version, there are oil boilers with a water circuit or even a couple of such circuits. A single-circuit apparatus is capable of supplying hot water only to the heating system, if boilers and distribution equipment are not used.

Industrial models of oil boilers are often equipped with automatic control units.

All such modifications are not air, but water, and various tasks fall on automation:

air temperature monitoring;

checking the heating of the coolant;

checking the pressure in the heating circuit;

error signaling.

Principle of operation

Oil heating boilers are equipped with two compartments: the first one prepares the oil for operation by evaporating it, and the second one already burns it. The fuel poured into the tank is pumped by a pump to the evaporator, inside which a fairly high temperature is maintained. The steam travels through the pipe to the combustion chamber. Another pipe is also introduced into this chamber, through which the fan pumps air mixed with oil vapor.

The result is a combination of substances that burns almost without the formation of foreign components.

If the liquid is not preheated, the system will not work.

It is important to consider that used lubricating oils contain a lot of impurities.

Before burning, they are split into simple hydrocarbons, as a result of the oxidation of which there are:

carbon dioxide;

gaseous nitrogen.

All these substances (with the exception of CO2, and even then under certain conditions) do not pose a danger to humans and other living beings. But in order to ensure the real safety of the exhaust gases of oil heating, it is necessary to strictly observe temperature restrictions. As established by chemists, hydrocarbons can be oxidized by 100% only at 600 degrees. If you deviate from this figure by 150 degrees, at least up or down, the result of burning will be the release of a number of substances, contact with which without a gas mask is not recommended. This imposes increased requirements on the accuracy of designing burners and nozzles for hot water, atmospheric waste oil boilers.

You can calculate the fuel consumption if you divide the area of ​​the heated space by 10. Note: this only gives an estimate of the maximum performance mode. In some cases, it is most practical to install several boilers at once in the form of a cascade. The performance level (as well as, of course, oil consumption) is directly related to the quality of the installed burner. By following these principles, it is not difficult to achieve a good result.

You will learn more about how a waste oil boiler works in the video below.

How to do it yourself?

Finding drawings and diagrams of homemade oil boilers is not a problem now. The main thing is to correctly assess their properties and their capabilities. In many cases, mistakes in the design and construction of a boiler are extremely costly. In order to evaporate the oil as efficiently as possible, many recommend placing bowls made of thick metal heated to high temperatures. Mining is fed into these bowls in very small portions, literally drops. As soon as a drop touches a steel surface, it instantly evaporates and is carried away through the duct into the combustion chamber.

The mouth of the air pipe is equipped with an impeller that forms a vortex. Only under this condition is the mixture of oil and air kept inside the working compartment for a sufficiently long time.

Everything seems to look simple, logical and without extreme complications. But one problem arises: how to heat the bowl so that it evaporates the liquid that has fallen on it immediately. The simplest option is to place it inside a wick that has been soaked with an arbitrarily chosen combustible liquid.

When the wick is laid, the bottom of the bowl is covered with gasoline or diesel fuel, which is set on fire. Having achieved the heating of the metal, they start pumping oils. The relative simplicity of such a technique turns into an increased danger. The next important nuance: let there be a bowl already warmed up in one way or another, but you need to organize the approach of oil to it. The materials circulating in open sources describe mainly the jet supply of a combustible liquid.

Judging by experience, such systems work, but their danger increases dramatically. The jet cannot burn out completely; many toxic substances are inevitably released that can enter the room.

To apply oil in drops, you will need:

a set of tees;

• a piece from a hospital dropper.

Choose a hose on which the function of the oil line will lie. One end of this hose is equipped with a filter that reduces the concentration of harmful substances in the liquid. A typical full-cycle car cleaner is suitable for solving such a problem. All devices that are designed for partial cleaning are obviously unsuitable.

The cleaning unit should be changed about once a month, and even more often in case of hard use with low-quality fuel.

Automotive filters are equipped with a thread, optimized for fixing in cars, which can cause some difficulties. It is required to use a piece of oil-resistant hose of the required diameter, and put it on top of the filter. Such a handicraft unit communicates with the oil pipeline through a fitting. Check in advance whether excess oil remains in the transfer hose. If it is created, it will not be possible to provide a droplet passage of the liquid.

Waste fuel boilers can also be made according to the pyrolysis scheme. Afterburning increases the burning time of a single portion of oils. The only alternative is to use a pump of a strictly specified power, capable of delivering a clearly measured mass of oil. But the complexity of such a solution does not allow it to be implemented in artisanal conditions. Moreover, even in factories, they mainly use a simplified version, when the fuel is dispensed with a fitting, tees and a nipple.

It is very important to ensure that the temperature of the used oil is between 10 and 20 degrees so that it flows well. Otherwise, the house will be filled with fumes and it will not be possible to achieve combustion stability. Once and for all, it is impossible to set a certain optimal mode. One has only to change the composition of the used oil, supply it with a different temperature, and you will have to select drip pumping settings from scratch. It is not possible to supply fuel directly from the dropper to the firebox.

Initially, oil is fed into a funnel connected to a pipe, through which it goes into the bowl. If the boiler is connected to water pipes, it should be equipped with a pump so that the coolant circulates more efficiently. Sometimes a built-in heat exchanger is created, similar to the letter U. It is placed in the upper lobe of the firebox and connected to an external hot water tank. There is also a scheme with the location of the heat exchanger on the chimneys.

When self-manufacturing an oil boiler, steel sheets with a thickness of 0.4 cm or more are used. It is also recommended to use fittings with an internal diameter of 1 or 0.8 cm, pipes, spurs, tees.

In addition to these details, you will need:

steel adapters;

• compressors;

  expansion tanks;

  high resistance sealants;

  welders;

  asbestos sheet;

Instead of sheet metal, large sections of pipes with thickened walls can be used. To warm the garage, it is enough to use two pieces of pipe: with a section of 50 and 20 cm, respectively. Additionally, a pair of round plates with a thickness of at least 0.3 cm is used.

For your information: if more powerful heating means are required, larger parts are used. A workpiece for a body from a large pipe is cut to a height of about 1 m, and a smaller workpiece is cut to a height of about 0.2 m.

One of the plates will become the bottom of the case, and the other - its cover. Accordingly, they cut a hole under the chimney and under the small pipe. It is desirable to strengthen the bottom by welding another plate in order to minimize the risk of destruction. The bottom of the body is complemented by legs formed from reinforcing bars. A reservoir is made below, and a door is made on the side.

Mounting

A key requirement for the installation of waste oil boilers is compliance with fire safety standards. It is forbidden to use them without an equipped chimney. To protect ceilings from overheating, special casings are used. It is necessary to provide a special damper, with the help of which it is possible to block the draft and avoid excessive penetration of cold in the event of a boiler shutdown. Both factory-made and home-made structures consume oxygen abundantly, therefore, care should be taken to ventilate the boiler room.

It is recommended to install the boilers on a stone substrate or on top of heat-resistant tiles. Sheathing with wooden and plastic elements is prohibited, only painting with heat-resistant paintwork materials is allowed. Since the used oil will have to be continuously topped up, it is worthwhile to prepare access routes to the boiler in advance. Given the strong heating of the equipment, it is undesirable to place it where there are easily igniting or damaging objects. Of course, the heating device should not create any obstacles to the movement of people.

Sometimes a concrete platform is created under the boiler, which is equipped with a small rim. This is an element of passive safety in case of a fuel spill. The concrete mass must be poured strictly according to the level in order to eliminate errors. The best location of the automatic control unit is on the wall. But you can’t put it on top of the cover of the boiler itself, otherwise the microcircuits will overheat and fail.

Hoses through which oil is pumped, as well as electrical wires, must be removed from the surface of the boilers. What happens even with their brief touch is easy to guess. The thermal sensor is installed inside the tube located on the side of the boiler. The tank where the used oil is poured is placed no closer than 70 and no further than 150 cm from the heater. The oil pump adapts to the neck of the barrels used.

The diameters of the chimneys are selected equal to the output from the boiler, although sometimes they can be larger. Do not make chimneys higher than 5 m, this almost inevitably causes instability during combustion. It will not be possible to provide full power of fuel combustion. It is recommended to nail a steel sheet before the firebox. A box of sand in the room where the boiler is placed will also not hurt.

The minimum diameter of the chimney is 11 cm, constrictions are not allowed. It is recommended to make horizontal fragments only when it is impossible to do otherwise. When the smoke channel is led through the wall, it must be pierced at a strictly 45 degree angle. The rest of the fire and explosion safety requirements are the same as for a coal or wood-burning stove. If you can reduce the number of welds, you should do so.

User manual

Using an oil boiler to heat a private home can be a very attractive business. But only if you do not violate the basic principles of operation. If water penetrates into the fuel mass, it begins to burn violently. Fires can be avoided by using a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher immediately. Of course, it must be placed directly in the boiler room.

The combustion chambers are cleaned at least once every 24 hours. For this, a special scraper is used, which comes with factory products. Cleaning is carried out after stopping the boiler and complete afterburning of the fuel to the dry ash phase. Bottom line: the boiler is switched to the ignition mode (if there is no special shutdown mode). After the fire has died down, after waiting 5 minutes, open the ash pan and clean it.

Further, the boiler is ignited according to the usual scheme, automation starts. The chimney should not be cleaned. It is quite rare to clean the tube through which oil is supplied, and only when low-quality fuel is used. This part should be checked as soon as signs of poor oil supply are detected. The lid of the boiler is removed, it is turned over and the part is inspected.

For cleaning use:

steel fittings;

thick drills;

wire;

metal brush.

Automation needs to be purged from dust. It needs to be assessed regularly. Having found the accumulated dusty mass, you should immediately eliminate it, even when the deadline has not come formally. Premises with high humidity are equipped with automation in such a way that it is behind the wall. The wiring is led out through this wall, if there is the slightest opportunity to do so.

Important: all modifications of factory-made boilers cannot be changed arbitrarily. In case of any changes in their characteristics, design parameters, arbitrary change of fuel, the entire responsibility lies with the consumer. It is forbidden to allow children, the elderly, persons with disabilities and pets to the boiler. It is also impossible to leave them in the room with the boiler unattended.

Ignition begins with opening the tap, after which the bottom of the combustion chamber should be covered with a layer of oil from 0.5 to 1 cm. If it is less or more, the boiler cannot be started. If it is necessary to quickly ignite, 50-100 g of kerosene, a special liquid or diesel fuel are added there. Usually, ignition is carried out using a paper or rag-made wick. This wick is set on fire and lowered through the ash pan or through the upper hatch to the very bottom of the working compartment.

start the fan that provides pressurization;

make sure that the oil does not burn without a boost;

close the lid on the ash pan;

wait from 120 to 300 seconds for the oil to boil and the boiler to enter the operating mode.

You can reduce the negative consequences of using mining if you defend purchased or used oil.

Do not lower the fuel supply pump to the very bottom of the tank. If you do this, sediment may enter the boiler. It is advisable to maintain a gap of 0.1 m. Experts believe that it is worth at least once a month to clean the tank from blockages accumulating there.

To extinguish the boiler, close the valve and wait for the fuel to burn out. You can turn off the blower fan at least 5 minutes after the final burnout of the fuel. If the chamber blowing is insufficient, a lot of smoke and soot will form. Once in the control unit, they disable it.

It is strictly unacceptable to light an oil boiler with acetone, automobile or aviation gasoline, thinners for building paints, essential oils and other volatile liquids.

Periodically, the bottom of the combustion chambers is cleaned of gradually accumulating non-combustible substances. The worse the fuel, the more often such cleaning is necessary for consumers. You can reduce the amount of slag if you refuse synthetic or gear oil. In the event of an unusually large amount of soot and soot, stop the boiler immediately and call specialists. Also, the reason for urgent repair is unusual noise and unreasonably frequent extinction.

It is rare that ordinary people have not heard that there is a practice of burning used oils in special installations in order to obtain thermal energy for heating rooms or the building as a whole. A home-made waste oil boiler can be found in almost every garage, and even more so at car service stations.

Meanwhile, many homeowners are also interested in this type of energy carrier and would like to purchase a factory-made heat generator to heat their homes. The question arises: what kind of equipment do manufacturers offer to organize the heating of a house at work?

Overview of Waste Oil Heaters

If we have met or heard about home-made boilers quite often, then branded products are not so common. The main reason for this phenomenon is the decent cost of heating equipment from both Russian and foreign manufacturers. But situations often arise when heat generation from old oils or diesel fuel remains the only alternative, so interest in this equipment is not lost.

In order to organize home heating using waste oil, manufacturers offer the following types of equipment:

• Heat generators operating on the principle of pre-evaporation of fuel.
• Boiler plants with specially adapted flare burners.
• Liquid fuel boilers.

Units of the first type have the simplest design. The principle of their operation has some similarities with pyrolysis boilers. At the bottom of the combustion chamber or in the built-in bowl, a certain oil level is maintained by the fuel supply system, and air is supplied there through a vertical pipe. The bottom line is that it evaporates from the heated surface of a combustible liquid, after which these vapors are burned out with the participation of secondary air.

How the unit works on waste oil should be considered using the example of the Russian BELAMOS boiler, which is shown in the figure.

Scheme of operation of the boiler in mining

During the combustion process, the water jacket is directly heated through the walls of the furnace, in addition, heat is removed from the flue gases in a two-way fire-tube heat exchanger. Thus, after passing through the flame tubes, the combustion products go outside with a low temperature through the chimney pipe. Air is forced into the furnace by means of a fan. For ignition and cleaning of the combustion chamber, a sealed door is arranged in the lower part of the body. Waste oil is stored in a separate tank, it is delivered to the unit by a pumping fuel station.

• The advantages of this type of installation are as follows:
• A simple design, so you can make a boiler with your own hands.
• The electronic unit smoothly regulates the intensity of combustion.
• Maintenance of the heater is a simple operation, it is performed independently.
• Relatively low cost of equipment.

Of the significant shortcomings, it is worth highlighting the low efficiency (not higher than 90%) and dependence on electricity. When it is turned off, the oil-fired boiler will go out, and when the power supply is restored, human intervention will be required for ignition.

Boilers with flare burner

These waste oil boilers are produced, as a rule, universal. That is, the main unit with a cylindrical combustion chamber and a three-way fire-tube heat exchanger is adapted for the installation of various burners.

Boiler with built-in burner

The general arrangement of the boiler block and the heat exchanger is standard, so the burner is of greater interest, which is used for heating in mining. Its design and principle of operation can be studied using the example of the well-known German brand KROLL, the burner operation diagram is shown in the figure.

Flare burner device

The oil pump-dispenser maintains a constant fuel level in the preheating chamber. There, it is heated to the optimum ignition temperature using an electric heater, after which the oil enters the nozzle. As can be seen from the diagram, the principle of operation of the boiler provides for the supply of two types of air: a fan for combustion and a compressor for the operation of the nozzle. Ignition is carried out automatically, at the command of the controller. It also controls the fuel heater, fan and fuel pump or metering device.

Waste oil burner boilers have noteworthy advantages:

1. High efficiency of fuel combustion, manufacturers claim the efficiency of their products at 96%.
2. Automation devices and means ensure comfortable operation of the plant with minimal human intervention. Even after a power outage, the burner starts automatically.
3. Possibility of switching to other types of fuel by replacing the burner.
4. Simple and infrequent maintenance.

With a burner, self-manufacturing of a waste oil boiler is greatly simplified. It is only necessary to assemble the boiler block with high quality and correctly, where the burner will be installed.

Significant disadvantages of the heat generator are the high cost and the complicated air supply and fuel supply system.

Important. All types of oils burned by burners must be filtered from solids. Otherwise, blockages and interruptions in the operation of the nozzle may occur.

Extraction air heaters are essentially oil burner furnaces with an additional fan to create a stream of heated air. Otherwise, they repeat the design of the previous type, only without a water jacket and flame tubes. The scheme of operation of the air heater is shown in the figure.

Conclusion

When traditional energy sources are not available, a mining boiler may be the only way out of the situation. It is worth considering the fact that factory-assembled units can function not only on machine oils, but also on diesel fuel, oils of vegetable origin and even animal fats. To change the type of fuel, it is enough just to adjust the combustion air supply, there is no need to interfere with the design.

A waste oil boiler with a water circuit is an underfloor heating equipment that operates on an unusual fuel, in the form of mining. The device is economical, superior to gas counterparts. The design will be the best choice for providing heat to private houses, where it is expensive to use electricity for heating, and the gas main is not provided or is still under development. The boiler will solve the problem of heating large areas from 600 meters, save money for people who have free access to large volumes of used oil.

Operating principle

Waste oil boiler

Waste oil boilers with a water circuit have some differences from diesel/gas designs. Before combustion, the fuel must be strongly heated in a specialized chamber, which is most often located on the outside of the burner.

Principle of operation:

• By means of a pump from the fuel storage tank, the waste is transported to the preheating tank. A special float regulates the incoming volume.
• Using a heating element (TEH), the oil is brought to 80-110°C.
• After reaching the operating temperature, the fuel is transported through the nozzle into the combustion chamber, where it is mixed with air using a turbocharger.
• The heat exchanger heats up and transfers energy to the coolant circulating in the circuit.

The device of the boiler for working out

Vertical drip models operate on a slightly different principle:

• from an external reservoir, oil is poured into a hot bowl located in the combustion chamber;
• hitting a hot surface, the fuel evaporates;
• By blowing air, the resulting mixture burns completely.

The walls of the chamber in this case are a water jacket, which, when heated, shares heat with the coolant.

The air-oil mixture burns at the temperature specified by the manufacturer. Most often, the parameters vary within 600°C. It is important to ensure that there are no deviations from the norm, otherwise this will lead to rapid contamination of the combustion chamber and other parts of the equipment, the process of fuel burnout will be incomplete and toxic substances will begin to form inside the boiler. In order to increase safety and increase the service life of the structure, it is advisable to trust commissioning work to professional craftsmen with the appropriate qualifications.

To generate 11 kW of heat, 1 liter is needed. working off. With natural losses, on average, at a power of 30 kW, 3 liters of fuel per hour will be consumed. The parameters specified in the instructions by the manufacturer are mainly designed for continuous operation of the equipment.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main advantages of an oil boiler include:

• Autonomy. An oil-fired heating system does not require gas supply.
• Reliability. A simple, clear design with proper and accurate operation rarely requires repair. The main thing is to carry out maintenance in a timely manner and change worn parts.
• Benefit, savings. Waste oil is an inexpensive and efficient fuel and is cheaper than gas and electricity.
• Wide range of applications: office buildings, residential buildings, manufacturing/industrial areas, etc.
• Environmental friendliness. During operation, the fuel burns out completely, which guarantees the absence of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere.
• Fast heating. Operating temperature is reached quickly, heat transfer begins from the first minutes of operation.

In addition to the advantages, the mining boiler has minor disadvantages:

• The need for regular maintenance. Since used oil is recyclable, it contains a variety of impurities that settle on the surfaces of the structure. To reduce frequent breakdowns, the walls of the combustion chamber require constant cleaning from contaminants.
• Chimney installation. Oil boilers require the installation of additional elements.

Before choosing equipment of this type, it is necessary to evaluate the availability of fuel. Mining is mainly implemented at service stations, some enterprises.

Double-circuit boilers

Oil double-circuit heating allows, in addition to heat, to provide residential / non-residential premises with hot water. The flat surface of the tank filled with water is heated and the pressure in the line is regulated by means of a pump. The temperature of the supplied liquid practically does not change, so dilution with cold water is necessary.

Do-it-yourself waste oil boiler

Do-it-yourself scheme

For a boiler for working out with your own hands, you will need:

• sheet material for the tank, cover;
• oil pump;
• heat resistant sealant;
• pipe for chimney equipment;
• steel adapters;
• fan;
• supporting metal adapters.

It is also important to pre-prepare the tools: a welding machine with electrodes, a grinder, a construction tape measure, a set of keys, a drill, a hammer. Oxygen / propane barrels can be used as a boiler, this will speed up and facilitate the procedure.

Stages of independent production of equipment:

• drawing up a drawing - most often the optimal ready-made version is taken and adapted to certain conditions;
• selection of materials - the grade, thickness of steel are taken into account;
• creating a device according to the scheme.

During welding, it is important to ensure that the seams are tight and reliable. To adjust the position, legs are welded to the bottom, which, if necessary, change the height. After the preparation of the boiler, control tests are carried out, where the power is increased gradually.

For uniform distribution, fuel flow, automation is used, which is implemented in specialized outlets.

Boiler and chimney installation

The oil heating boiler is placed in a pre-selected place at a certain distance from flammable elements. If desired, you can organize a concrete platform with a protective side, which will ensure safety during fuel overflow. It is desirable to mount the automation unit on the wall. The equipment must be easily accessible.

Wires, oil hoses are insulated so that there is no direct contact with a hot boiler. Thermal sensors are mounted into the tube on the side, the mining container is placed within 1.5 meters from the heated surface of the structure.

When installing a chimney, the following rules are observed:

• diameter corresponds to the outlet of the pipe;
• the thickness of the metal pipe is not less than 0.5 mm;
• no more than three turns;
• height not less than 5 meters.

The chimney must rise above the roof.

Operation features

During operation, in order to extend the life of the equipment, it is necessary to regularly carry out the following activities:

• cleaning the combustion chamber;
• cleaning the oil supply pipe;
• purge automation from dust.

A do-it-yourself mining boiler must be safe. The device must be placed away from combustible objects, materials. Since during the operation of the boiler there is an increased burnout of oxygen, it is important to provide the room with ventilation and a chimney with draft control. A protective cover is placed at the intersection of the chimney with the roof.

The choice of energy source for heating is the "cornerstone" in the design of the entire system. As an alternative to traditional
solid fuel or gas models, you can consider waste oil heating boilers for a private house. They differ not only structurally, but in some operational parameters .

The principle of operation of waste oil boilers

The specificity of the use of heating devices of this type is preliminary fuel preparation. Waste oil must be cleaned, for some systems - heated to the desired temperature. There are also differences in the principle of obtaining thermal energy.

Currently, a waste oil hot water boiler can operate according to the following schemes:

• Burner. It is a block that can be installed in almost any solid fuel boiler . Advantages - good efficiency, small size and the presence of a control system. The main disadvantage is the high cost;
• An oil boiler designed to use only waste or a similar fluid. To organize heating, you can purchase a factory model or make a similar design yourself.

The working principle is preliminary oil is heated, causing it to decompose into heavy carbohydrates and gas. In the pyrolysis zone, the latter is oxidized. The resulting gas is a fuel with the highest calorific value. Ash by-products settle in the lower part of the ash pan and are removed when it is filled.

To increase the efficiency of work, heating boilers of this type are equipped with an air supply system - a supercharger. Particular attention is paid to the fuel supply control mechanism.

Boiler Gecko: design and principle of operation

Before independent By the manufacturer of heating equipment, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with similar factory models. As an example, consider Gecko brand boilers. They have good enough operational qualities, characterized reliability and productivity.

How Gecko Boilers Work

To get acquainted with the general principle of operation, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the stages of converting fuel into thermal energy.

1. Through the fuel line (9), the used oil enters the evaporator (11).
2. Under the influence of temperature, the above-described transformation into a gas occurs.
3. Since it is lighter than air, the vapors rise along the vortex device (14).
4. Passing through the holes in this element, they ignite in the afterburner.
5. The air blower enriches the mixture with oxygen, which increases the heat output.
6. The transfer of energy to the coolant (water, antifreeze) occurs through the walls of the heat exchanger. They are in the afterburner.

To remove carbon monoxide, a gas duct is provided in the design. It is also designed to create thrust that circulates air flows inside the combustion chamber.

Making such a design with your own hands is not problematic. The main thing is to choose the right material for manufacturing and act in accordance with the developed technological scheme, taking into account the specifics of the drawing.

dispenser

The specifics of the operation of waste oil boilers is to create a device for supplying fuel. It is recommended to develop a simple and reliable scheme, according to which the oil will enter the combustion chamber in the required volume.

The designers of the Gecko boilers took the path of "least resistance". The principle of communicating vessels was used. dispenser installed separate from the boiler and connected to it by means of a fuel line.

The fuel supply is adjusted by setting the position of the float. He opens (closes) the supply valve. In this way, the heating power can be reduced or increased.

When calculating a home-made design of a waste oil boiler, the following nuances must be taken into account:

• Dispenser volume ;
• The mechanism of its replenishment;
• Float material. It should not collapse under the influence of fuel.

Having a general idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe principle of operation of boilers of this type, you can start making a structure with your own hands.

Stages of manufacturing a waste oil boiler

Heaters must meet certain requirements, the main of which are safety, efficiency and economical fuel consumption. Therefore, the first stage of design should be given special attention.

Drafting

It is not necessary to make the boiler according to a specific scheme. In practice, masters choose the optimal drawing and adapt it according to the existing conditions. An analysis of the available materials is made, a list of necessary tools is compiled.

To begin with, you can consider the design of a simple boiler. It consists of the following components:

• Two barrels. The lower one is necessary for the installation of heating equipment, the upper one acts as a water tank;
• Pipe with holes and damper cap ;
• Oil container.

The advantage of this system lies in the ease of manufacture. But due to the lack of an ash pan and an air blower, the efficiency of the boiler will be small.

It is best to make homemade counterparts based on the actual dimensions of the structure.

Material selection

When selecting boiler components, guided by principle expediency. If you plan to heat a small room, waste oil equipment can be made from a gas cylinder.

A small modernization is enough, including the manufacture of a pipe with holes, an inlet for fuel supply and a chimney.

If it is necessary to make the oven completely from improvised materials, you should choose the right accessories. When choosing, experts recommend adhering to such requirements:

• Steel grade and thickness. You can use 15K or 20K. They withstand significant temperatures without reconfiguration. The thickness of the steel for the combustion chamber is from 3 mm or more. Frame manufactured from metal 2 mm. Application of cast iron impractical, since it is difficult to process;
• Welding. The main condition is the tightness of the structure and the reliability of the welds;
• Position control . To do this, legs with a height change function are welded to the bottom.

After the manufacture of the boiler, it is necessary to check its reliability and the quality of the welds. When testing, the power must be increased gradually, while maintaining the integrity of the elements.

Waste oil boiler automation

For normal operation of heating equipment of this type, it is necessary to ensure a uniform flow of fuel. For this, automation is used, similar to the Gecko dispenser. In addition to it, you can use other waste oil supply schemes.

Maximum automation is possible with the use of electronic control circuits. You can use the schema intellectual thermostat".

The power source is a device with parameters 12V, 30 A. Before fuel is pumped into the container, burner operation is blocked C1 . Activation is possible after charging the capacitor, subject to activation intellectual thermostat . The same scheme works for pumping fuel into the receiver. It stops after charging the capacitor C3.

In some cases, it will be necessary to adapt the described scheme for the operation of a specific boiler model on waste oil. Changes depend on the required power of the equipment and the capacity of the fuel storage tank.

An example of a homemade design can be found in the video: