Self-construction of a wooden porch with a canopy. We build a porch for a private house: several convenient ways How to make a beautiful wooden porch near a house

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A beautiful, reliable, comfortable, durable porch is impossible not to notice. And it is possible to enter the house and leave it only through a stepped extension from the outside. A porch is a business card of a homeowner. Made of stone, wood or metal, it complements the exterior of the house and gives the building a finished look. Providing a convenient passage to the dwelling, it is also designed to protect the doorway from sunlight, rain streams and heavy snowfall.

As a rule, when developing a project for a new country house or cottage, the construction of a porch is provided. But sometimes, for some reason, the building is erected without arranging the porch, and after some time it becomes necessary to attach it with your own hands. At first glance, adding steps to the front door is a rather troublesome and difficult task. However, even amateur builder.

Preparation and selection of material

A beautiful and practical porch to the door is built of stone and brick, concrete and wood. Original combinations of any material with forged elements harmoniously fit into the design of any country house. It is easier for a novice builder or homeowner without building skills to build a porch in a country house made of wood, since wood can be easily processed, is relatively inexpensive and does not require complex skills and abilities. Wooden railings and a canopy, if desired, can be decorated with an exclusive carved pattern. Properly design a porch recommendations and drawings from the Internet help for your home.

Gallery: wooden porch in a private house (25 photos)

Varieties of wooden structures

Starting the construction of a wooden porch, you need to understand that the design must be strong and reliable. In the process of daily operation, the staircase to the entrance wears out much faster than the building itself. Most often, timber and a board made of larch, spruce or other coniferous wood are used to build a porch.

Structurally, there are several types of wings:

Properly selected design of a wooden porch emphasizes the integrity of the architectural style and the attractiveness of a private building.

Foundation laying

Laying a solid and reliable foundation for any structure is required. A structure installed without a quality foundation warps, cracks and collapses. The choice of foundation for the porch is determined by several factors: the depth of groundwater, soil density, climatic conditions. The main aspect is the size and weight of the structure. A massive heavy porch made of brick or stone involves the construction of a strip or tile foundation, or a concrete pad. A light wooden porch is enough to install on piles.

There are no problems when the foundation for the manufacture of the porch is cast simultaneously with the construction of the house. Otherwise, before you build a porch, you need to decide how to make the base and whether to connect it with the house. When drafting an extension, its shape is determined: trapezoidal, radial, triangular or rectangular. As well as the direction of the steps. The flight of stairs can be one, lead to the front door from two opposite or adjacent sides (corner) or have several flights.

It is enough to install a light wooden staircase of several steps on a simple and inexpensive column foundation. For the manufacture of supports for a wooden flight of stairs, screw piles, concrete, monolithic or brick blocks, as well as asbestos-cement pipes, reinforced with reinforcement and filled with concrete, are used. Wooden piles, even soaked in oil and antiseptic, will last much less. On any supports buried below the freezing level of the soil, a horizontal strapping of timber is mounted.

More complex and massive wooden porches are installed on concrete pad. To do this, a foundation pit is dug to a depth of 30 to 40 cm according to the size of the porch and a wooden formwork is installed. The bottom is covered with a 10 cm layer of sand, gravel or broken brick and filled with 3 cm cement mortar. Then a reinforcing cage is installed and poured with a concrete mixture of 1 part of cement and 4 parts of sand and gravel. The formation of voids will prevent piercing with a thin rod in several places. The surface is leveled and left to solidify for 7-10 days.

Main elements

Today, country houses are most often built from timber, glued wood, rounded logs, gun carriages. A strong and durable porch for a wooden house can be built entirely of wood or emphasize its naturalness with stone trim.

The porch of any design consists of a horizontal platform and stairs:

Flights of stairs are installed on side inclined boards, strings. Steps to bowstrings are fastened with dowels, screws, studs or installed in specially cut grooves. More durable and reliable structures with steps laid in special triangular cuts on the sidewalls. This kind of bowstring, stringer, is used more frequently.

Kosour is simple stepped and more durable with "fillies". All dimensions of the kosour must be measured with special care. For the correct cutting of this most complex structural element, it is recommended to make a stencil from thick cardboard or plywood. Boards for bowstrings are taken without cracks and knots no thinner than 60 mm, with a width of 30 cm or more. With a span width of more than 1 meter, it is recommended to install 3 bowstrings or stringers.

Porch Assembly

A wooden porch will last longer if you follow some rules:

The wood must be properly dried. After sawing, all structural elements are recommended to be sanded or sanded;
All parts must be impregnated with an antiseptic, insect repellent and moisture-repellent solution before installation.

The flight of stairs can be open, without the installation of a riser, and closed. For rainwater runoff, treads can be installed with a slope of 1-2°. Kosour for a porch from a bar can be made of metal.

Stair assembly steps:

Assembly according to the tenon-groove principle using waterproof glue is considered the most reliable.

Regular updating of a paint and varnish covering keeps an attractive look.

It is easier for novice “dummies” builders to install treads on backing bars (surfs).

The roof of the attached porch can be installed as a canopy on the columns or attached with a canopy to the wall of the building.

In most existing houses (with the exception of basements and basements), the mark of the clean floor of the lower floor, that is, the zero mark, is located at a distance of at least 40 cm from the ground surface. In order to get into the house, a staircase is required, above which it is logical to equip a canopy or visor to protect the extension and people from rain and snow. All these elements are combined into a single structure - the porch. The easiest way is to build a porch for a country house made of wood, but other materials can be used. It doesn’t matter that you decide to buy or build a porch to the house with your own hands, projects, photos will help you choose the right option.

Wooden porch with mini veranda Source cokee.org

The main types of porch designs

Along with its functional purpose, the porch also serves as an additional decoration of the house. As a result, there are a fairly large number of varieties of designs, but basically the division is based on the type of placement of the porch relative to the house - it can be:

built-in; when some part of the house is allocated for its placement in its middle or one of the corners, and the design of the stairs and the platform rests on the common foundation of the house;

speakers; when it is placed outside the perimeter of the outer walls, representing a free-standing extension; such a design rests on its own foundation; in some cases, it can be based on metal or reinforced concrete consoles, specially arranged in the foundation during the construction of the house.

Video description

Examples of various options for making a porch in the video:

What materials can a porch be made of?

Before you build a porch in a wooden house, first of all, you need to decide what it is best to make it from, because the design and material from which the porch is made must match the appearance of the facade of the house. Of course, a wooden porch is best suited for a wooden house, but if a brick cladding is used or the plinth is lined with stone, then the appropriate porch is suitable - brick or stone. The most commonly used porch materials are:

reinforced concrete;

brick, cinder block or massive stone blocks;

metal (for the device of load-bearing frames).

Also, combined options are often found. Source houzz.dk

What are the stairs

The porch staircase usually rests on a square or rectangular landing that is flush with the floors of the house. The site can be simple with a minimum area of 2 to 4 m² or expanded and have additional space for placing flowers or creating a small outdoor seating area.

Sometimes, at the level of the top of the basement of a country house, a gallery is arranged, which can adjoin the house from one side or encircle it from several sides. The porch can be part of such a gallery. If the porch has more than three steps, be sure to arrange a railing that goes into the fence of the site.

Porch steps can be adjacent to the site:

on one side (parallel to the facade);

on both sides (perpendicular to the facade);

from three sides (combining the 2 previous options); a special case - semicircular steps and a platform.

Open and closed porch

The porch can be open or closed. Open has only light railings. Closed has protection installed along its entire height from the floor to the visor. It can be made both solid and in the form of glazing. Which of these types is preferable depends on the taste of the owner and the design project of the country house.

Enclosed porch with panoramic windows Source beton-stroyka.ru

On the one hand, the glazed porch provides additional protection from wind, rain, heat loss, protects the structures of steps and platforms from adverse weather conditions, and prevents “uninvited guests” from entering the house. On the other hand, it requires additional costs for glazing, an additional door, and gratings.

In our catalog, you can get acquainted with the most popular companies providing suburban construction and landscaping, among the houses presented at the exhibition Low-rise Country.

When the porch area is extended and it is planned to use it for recreation, glazing will greatly interfere with unity with nature. In this case, it is better to choose an open porch. Also, an open porch sometimes looks preferable to a closed one from an aesthetic point of view, especially if the glazing is made of plastic windows.

Options for building a porch for the house

If the porch is made for a wooden house, then it is logical to use wood as a material. The supporting frame in this case is made of wooden elements, which are suitable for flat square or rectangular bars with a minimum width of 50 mm (50 x 50, 100 x 50, 100 x 100). With a kosour type, three sewn boards, at least 30 mm thick, can be taken as an inclined beam (the total width of the kosour will be about 90 mm).

Rounded logs can be used as stringers and steps Source beton-stroyka.ru

Porch for a log house

If a country house is built from chopped logs, its porch can be arranged in the same style. Such a chopped log porch will have log walls and board steps. The thickness of the board for the horizontal part of the step (tread) should, depending on the span (the width of the stairs), be chosen so that it is not unsteady and does not bend under a load of less than 150 kg. This can be checked by placing three fifty-kilogram bags of cement one on top of it in the middle.

The diameter of the logs must correspond to the diameter of the logs from which the house is cut down. The basis for the side walls can be concrete columns buried in the ground below the depth of its freezing and protruding above the surface to a height of 15-20 cm. The length of the logs should match the length of the horizontal projection of the platform and stairs. Logs are stacked one on top of the other to the required height. If the porch is being built at the same time as the house, its ends facing the wall can be cut into it.

Massive porch made of chopped logs on a concrete pad source seattlehelpers.org

Otherwise, they are fastened to the wall and to each other from the inside with the help of corners, brackets, strips, etc. After laying and fixing the logs, stepping back from the wall to the length of the site, they start cutting vertical and horizontal sections from above for future treads and risers of the stairs . It is unlikely that it will be possible to buy such a plan for a porch for a country house made of metal in finished form. In most cases, this work is done under the order and individually.

Porch for a log bath

If the site has a bath with a floor above the ground, its entrance can also be arranged with a porch. To make such a porch from a bar for a bath would be the best option. From a bar, you can make a frame with rectangular or inclined (kosoura) elements. It is also easy to fold the side walls from the timber and cut out places for step supports in them.

A timber porch is most often done together with a veranda. source seattlehelpers.org

The nuances of arranging stairs

The treads and risers of a wooden staircase can be fixed to horizontal and vertical frame members. Such a system most often requires side cladding and protection, as a result of which an internal closed cavity is formed under the steps. It is necessary to provide for the possibility of access to such a cavity for its regular cleaning and inspection of the technical condition of the structures.

Also, steps are installed on special inclined beams - stringers. Stringers can be made both from metal rolled beams - I-beams, channels, and from wood.

Variant with combination of materials Source www.ar.pinterest.com

It is not recommended to use solid beams or logs as stringers. It is better if the stringers are made of 2-3 boards sewn together with screws or nails. This design is more resistant to bending stresses that occur in an inclined beam.

The design of the stairs on the stringers on the one hand rests on a platform with load-bearing horizontal support beams, which must also be metal or wooden. The beams, in turn, rest on the walls.

In the zone of conjugation of stringers and beams, vertical supports are arranged. Such supports must have their own support platforms and can be made of bricks in the form of columns with a cross section of 380 x 380 mm (1.5 bricks) or metal pipes with a diameter of 150-200 mm. On the opposite side of the beam, the platforms are supported on the wall with anchor bolts or brackets. The construction on the stringers is most often made open from below with the absence of a solid sheathing under the steps.

Open staircase on stringers Source forumhouse.ru

Before use, all wooden elements must be impregnated with antiseptics to protect against decay and mold, and also treated with flame retardants for fire safety. Metal parts are treated with anti-corrosion agents and protected with paint coatings, which may include bituminous varnish (black), minium (red-brown) or chromium oxide (green) on natural drying oil.

Video description

A few more options for stairs on the video:

Foundation for stairs or when a porch needs a foundation

The upper side of the ladder adjoins the wall of the house, and the lower side rests on the ground. To prevent damage to materials, depending on the weight of the ladder, its lower part is installed on a support platform or a full-fledged foundation.

Bulk support platform

Lightweight porches in the form of a spatial metal frame made of a rolled corner sheathed with a wooden board can be built according to a foundationless scheme, resting on one side on a system of anchor bolts installed in the wall of the house, and on the other side on a support platform.

To prepare such a platform, it is necessary to dig a pit in the ground at the place of support, with a width corresponding to two widths of the treads of the stairs. Its length should be no less than the width of the flight of stairs, and the depth should be 20-25 cm from the ground surface.

This pit should be covered with crushed stone in layers no more than 5 cm thick with layer-by-layer tamping. After crushed stone is backfilled, a flat area of asphalt concrete is arranged on top.

Light porch without foundation source seattlehelpers.org

Monolithic support platform

Another way to arrange a porch staircase in a private house, its steps and platforms is to use monolithic reinforced concrete. After the installation of inclined and horizontal beams, the formwork is sequentially placed for each of the steps, starting from the first, and poured with concrete of class B20-B25, (M250-M300). At the same time, stringers can be hidden in the body of concrete.

Reinforcement of the step itself is carried out in the inclined lower part with a mesh with mesh sizes of not more than 12 x 12 cm from rods with a diameter of at least 10 mm. The riser (vertical part) is reinforced with the same mesh. In the upper horizontal part, a mesh with cells of 10 x 10 cm made of reinforcement with a diameter of 6 mm should be installed. A protective layer of concrete, more than 1 cm thick, must be provided between the reinforcement and the outer surface of the product.

Arrangement of a monolithic platform for the porch Source stroy-okey.ru

The fittings are interconnected exclusively by knitting wire without the use of welding, so as not to break the molecular bonds in the metal.

Separate porch foundation

Brick, cinder block or blocks of natural stone are also used as the basis for steps. Inclined walls are made of brick or stone with supporting horizontal and vertical sections in the upper part, coinciding with the dimensions of the treads (horizontal parts) and risers (vertical parts) of the steps. For such a device steps, it is necessary to use strip foundations with the sole laid below the freezing depth of the soil (1.5-2.0 m). The steps themselves can be made of wood or reinforced concrete.

It is good if the foundation of the porch is carried out simultaneously with the foundation of the house. It is not recommended to rigidly connect the foundation of the protruding porch with the foundation of the house, since with uneven deformations of the soil base due to unequal loads in the steps and the platform, defects in the form of distortions and cracks may appear.

Heavy porch on the foundation Source misterdver.ru

Types and types of visors

Porch visors can vary in several ways:

in geometric form;

by material;

according to the method of fixing on the facade.

Peaks are single-pitched, double-pitched, in the form of a profile, which is the surface of a segment of a ball or ellipse, cut in diameter into 4 parts. Gable canopies triangular or arched in their central part form a small pediment.

It is better to choose a single-pitched visor for a porch with steps perpendicular to the facade, and with steps installed parallel to the facade - a gable one.

According to the coating material, the visors can be:

metal - from roofing galvanized sheet or profiled flooring;

plastic - made of durable plastic of different colors and profiles - smooth, wavy, etc .; plastic can vary in color from transparent to a wide variety of colors, from which it is easy to choose a shade to match the facade of the house;

wavy asbestos slate - conventional or painted with polymer compounds to increase its strength and durability.

Peaks are fixed on the facade with anchor bolts embedded in the wall.

Mounting the visor to the wall - Option 1 Source strojbum.ru

Fixing the canopy to the wall - Option 2 source seattlehelpers.org

External porch canopies are usually supported in the corners adjacent to the facade on metal or wooden triangular brackets, and in the corners far from the facade - on poles, which are wooden, metal or very rarely brick. In addition to supporting supports, they also perform a decorative function, as they can be finished and decorated in a wide variety of ways.

There are porches, in which the ceiling of the above-located balcony, decorated in the same style as the porch, serves as a visor.

Design and original ideas

Wood is a very convenient and easily processed material, therefore it can be used for the most free design solutions for decorating a wooden house. A wooden porch can be decorated with various carved elements of cornices and gables. Wood can be used to make chiseled and carved poles supporting the canopy and balusters (vertical railing posts), as well as the railing itself. An interesting porch for a wooden house will turn out if you use wicker mats made of reeds, vines or willow twigs for fences. A porch for a country house made of metal is suitable for almost any building, buy in this option both a classic no-frills design option and beautiful products with hand-forged fences with floral or abstract ornaments.

Video description

A selection of beautiful and original video solutions:

And a few examples in the photo:

Budget, but beautiful and neat porch Source landshaftnik.com

Glazed porch with a small staircase Source ko.decorexpro.com

There are no unnecessary details in this project - simple and tasteful Source pinterest.ru

A beautiful house has a beautiful entrance Source m.yandex.com

Despite the simplicity, to create such a veranda you need an accurate calculation. Source koces.trybahen.ru.net

Option to mask the space under the steps Source olestnicah.ru

Here, the steps and the veranda fit very harmoniously into the overall exterior. Source realestateinsalmon.com

The original solution - instead of the usual steps at the door, a full-fledged open veranda was made in front of the entrance. Source klindeck.ru

You can’t put such a porch in a house on stilts right away - you have to wait for the end of the shrinkage process of the log house. Source idachi.ru

Practical, modern and inexpensive option for an open veranda protected from the sun Source www.vorota-lepta.ru

Very beautiful decoration of the porch, plus night illumination of the steps Source olestnicah.ru

The original track device for a double-sided porch Source pinterest.com

How to be the porch of your house depends only on your own financial capabilities, taste, ability to listen to the advice of designers, architects and planners. If possible, it is worth trying to model a house with a porch in some kind of computer design program. This approach makes it possible to most consciously choose the appropriate type of porch and the materials from which it will be made.

By definition, a porch is an external extension to a building through which people enter and exit a dwelling. A modern cottage or a house without a porch will look like unfinished buildings.

The purpose of the porch is not only aesthetic, it also performs practical functions. In winter, it protects the entrance to the house from drifting and performs additional thermal insulation functions. There are three main types - simplified, attached and built-in.

The design of the porch can be more original. For example, in recent years, you can often see a patio porch, the fashion for which came to us from Western Europe.

Such a porch is a kind of intermediate option between a classic platform and an open terrace. The video gives the most complete picture of how to build a porch with your own hands (see).

This novelty has become popular due to its undeniable advantages - simplicity of design and functionality. Building a porch of this design will not be a problem. If you have the necessary tools and materials at hand, you can start building.

Drawing of a wooden porch

Even a simple (typical) drawing, drawn by yourself, will help to avoid difficulties in its construction.

The drawing of the porch must contain the data:

porch appearance. It makes it possible to visualize the final view of the structure;
porch width - should be one and a half times wider than the doorway (you can calculate how wide the porch should be in this way: multiply 1.5 by the width of the door, this will be the minimum allowable width). This width will allow you to open the door while on the porch platform;
the width of the stairs to the porch (flight of stairs) - must be at least 700 mm. Otherwise, there will be difficulties in moving people and objects along the steps;
the location of the platform (flooring) of the porch. The floor of the porch should be 30-50 mm below the threshold (doorway). The porch platform lowered down will prevent the doors from blocking due to snow or raising the porch structure;
the angle of the porch;

Note. Professionals advise making the slope of the porch and steps 2-3 ° to avoid water accumulation. An alternative would be to install deck boards with a gap of 2-3 mm.

foundation. Types, depth of laying, characteristics of the soil under it;
the number and size of steps of the porch. The standard recommends adhering to the following dimensions of steps: height - 170-180 mm, step depth (tread) - 300-350 mm. It is desirable that the number of steps be odd. Such dimensions will make the movement on the steps comfortable;
the presence and place of installation of the fence (balusters and railings).

Note. In construction practice, there are no norms and rules governing the parameters of the porch. The recommendations concern only the parameters of the steps.

A drawing of a wooden porch, as a good example:

Scheme of a wooden porch

It is convenient to work when the scheme of the wooden porch is made on a large sheet of paper and is always in front of your eyes.

A good alternative would be a life-size cardboard template. A paper template is indispensable in the manufacture of a flight of stairs on a bowstring.

How to build a structure in stages

Materials needed for building

So, we build with our own hands.

For this you will need:

Pine lumber or pine log for the manufacture of floor beams and rafters (pine lumber 100 x 200 mm)
Boards for steps and landings, railings and side posts
Several boards for a canopy, (thickness 50 × 150 mm or 50 × 200 mm).

Foundation device

Like any other capital building, the porch needs a foundation. For the porch, the best option is a pile foundation. Its advantages are simplicity and low cost. In addition, you can build such a foundation with your own hands in a short time, without resorting to the help of specialists.

The second stage of work begins with a bowstring. In the case of making a patio porch, it is also necessary to additionally build two medium stringers.

The bowstring can be of two types - the choice is up to the owner of the house. A simpler and more affordable option is a bowstring with cut ledges. A slightly more complex option is a bowstring with embedded steps.

In order to prepare a bowstring, you will need the following tools and materials:

Thick board of the right size
Pattern in the form of a triangle

The procedure and rules for the manufacture of steps

So:

Tip: In order to better understand how to build a porch with your own hands, video tutorials will clearly show you the entire installation process. To do this, just go to the Internet and ask the search engine the appropriate question.

Installation of the platform (wooden floor of the porch)

This stage of building a wooden porch is simple, and can be performed even by a beginner who does not have experience in such work. Over time, the boards from which the flooring is made begin to dry out.

As a result, gaps are formed between the boards, which can be quite wide. Such flooring becomes unaesthetic and unsafe.

To avoid the appearance of large gaps as a result of the drying of the wood, it is necessary to lay the floor boards as close to each other as possible.

When the flooring is almost ready, and the stringers and bowstrings are securely fastened to the lags, the next step comes - the installation of risers and treads. The riser and treads are connected in the same way “thorn in the groove”, the bowstring from the risers are attached to each other in the same way.

The opinion that the elements can be fastened together with the help of self-tapping screws and nails alone is erroneous. Such a design will not have sufficient strength.

The construction of the porch with your own hands is over - everything is ready. Compliance with building codes and regulations ensures that the porch will be reliable and durable. However, it must be taken into account. What matters is not only the quality of joinery and carpentry.

The durability of any wooden structure, including a porch, largely depends on how well the wood was prepared and processed. Before starting work, it is advisable to make sure that the wood is properly dried. And in order to prevent rotting and pest infestation, wood must be treated with appropriate chemical compounds.

How to build a porch with your own hands: video.

Mistakes in the manufacture of a wooden porch

The most common mistakes when building a porch are:

The device of the attached staircase is too close to. In winter, the ground will freeze, and the ladder can rise several centimeters. As a result, the door will open with great difficulty or become jammed.
Another common mistake is the construction of a porch on an insufficiently deep foundation. It should also be borne in mind that if waterproofing is not done, moisture will sooner or later lead to swelling and damage to the wood.

Tip: The problems listed above can be avoided. To do this, you can make a threshold in the doorway. Also, to get rid of such difficulties, the installation of a ladder 15 centimeters below the level of the doorway.

But it must be taken into account that in both cases a step is formed, which may be unsafe. You can trip over it, so this design also has a drawback.

After the wooden porch is almost ready, you can think about decorative elements. If the porch has three steps or more, it is advisable to install a railing.

Optionally, you can make a canopy of wood or other materials (see), as well as other details to decorate the product and give it the appearance of a finished architectural element.

What is a porch, why is it and what functions does it perform?

The porch is an extension to the house, which through the steps makes it easier to enter / exit the door. Since the porch usually has a canopy, this is an additional protection for the doorway from the sun, rain and snow.

In addition, the porch acts as a decorative element that makes the exterior of the house complete and its operation convenient.

As a rule, the parameters of the porch are thought out even at the stage of building a house, cottage or cottage. But often the porch is attached to an existing building.

Traditionally, the same material from which it was built is used to build a porch in front of a house (for example, a wooden or brick house). The porch can be made of wood, concrete, metal, brick. It is important that the selected material (for steps, cladding, porch trim) is in harmony with the overall design of the house.

Due to the fact that wood is the most popular, as well as affordable and inexpensive material, most often the porch is built from wood. Therefore, we will consider in detail (step by step) how to organize the construction of a wooden porch. Another argument in favor of lumber is the ease of working with wood, which makes it possible to make a wooden porch with your own hands.

Wooden porch to a private house - project

Construction begins with the development of a project that takes into account:

Porch types

Porch construction

built-in porch - built together with the house, has a common foundation with it;

attached (attached porch) - completed during the operation of the house.

Material for porches in a private house

wood;
concrete;
metal (forging, steel, iron);
brick (stone).

Methods for arranging a wooden porch

Implementation is possible in two versions:

This method is simpler and consists in the fact that a wooden box (or a porch frame made of a metal profile) is installed on the prepared site, on which steps are installed.

This option is also more budgetary, it can be implemented at any stage of construction or operation of the house. A closed wooden porch makes it possible to hide all the flaws that arise during the construction phase;

The peculiarity of this method is that the base frame is prepared only for the lower part of the kosour / string, and the upper one rests on beams or a floor slab. This way of building a porch gives more opportunities for the implementation of original solutions.

How to make a wooden porch with your own hands without mistakes

Before we tell you how to build a wooden porch, we will describe the main mistakes that novice craftsmen may encounter.

stylistic mistakes. The dimensions, appearance, material of the porch should be in harmony with the general appearance of the building (house design);

errors in the size of the porch. The porch should be proportional to the main building;

measurement errors. Each parameter is measured several times and plotted on the diagram;>
Note. Professionals advise putting on the diagram not only the dimensions of the porch, wooden frame, but also other parameters: the size of the doorway, the distance from the porch to plants or protruding decorative elements. This information is useful, if necessary, correct the drawing of the porch.
waste of material. Eliminated by careful planning.

ignoring the requirements for structural strength. The porch is the most exploited part of the building. In addition, it is exposed to external factors, which means that the material must be chosen with a margin of safety and taking into account the dimensions of the porch;

provide additional protection to the wooden porch. Untreated wood gradually loses its properties, therefore it needs protection and constant care;
Note. Both open parts of the structure and load-bearing parts need protection, i.e. those that are placed in the ground or rest on a foundation.

dissociation of the foundations of the house and the porch (on different (separate) foundations) will lead to uneven shrinkage of the porch and the appearance of a crack between the elements. To avoid this, the threshold installed at the junction of the porch to the house will allow. Or setting the threshold without a march, with the first step 150-170 mm below the threshold. But this is fraught with injuries, because, leaving the door, the user is forced to go down;

the absence of a foundation leads to the fact that the porch "floats" under the influence of soil displacement (shear);

door jamming (blocking, jamming). Occurs due to geological changes (frozen soil is able to raise the porch a couple of centimeters).

How to build a porch in the house

Porch material

To make a beautiful wooden porch you will need building material:

for supports, a beam with a section of 100x200 mm is suitable. The size depends on the type of porch, the expected load, the number of supports, etc. When choosing wood for supports, it is better to give preference to larch or pine, due to the presence of resins, they withstand all-season operating conditions well;

for the entrance platform from the steps, you can use a board with a thickness of 30-50 mm;

finished balusters and railings. Or timber and rail for their manufacture. The dimensions of the lumber depend on the parameters of the future product.

solutions, compositions and impregnations for wood protection;

cement mortar (concrete);

Note. The use of 50 mm boards both on supports and on steps will avoid calculation errors, reduce waste and, in general, use lumber more rationally.

Drawing of a wooden porch

Even a simple (typical) drawing, drawn by yourself, will help to avoid difficulties in its construction.

The drawing of the porch must contain the data:

porch appearance. It makes it possible to visualize the final view of the structure;

porch width - should be one and a half times wider than the doorway (you can calculate how wide the porch should be in this way: multiply 1.5 by the width of the door, this will be the minimum allowable width). This width will allow you to open the door while on the porch platform;

the width of the stairs to the porch (flight of stairs) - must be at least 700 mm. Otherwise, there will be difficulties in moving people and objects along the steps;

the location of the platform (flooring) of the porch. The floor of the porch should be 30-50 mm below the threshold (doorway). The porch platform lowered down will prevent the doors from blocking due to snow or raising the porch structure;

the angle of the porch;

Note. Professionals advise making the slope of the porch and steps 2-3 ° to avoid water accumulation. An alternative would be to install deck boards with a gap of 2-3 mm.

foundation. Types, depth of laying, characteristics of the soil under it;

the number and size of steps of the porch. The standard recommends adhering to the following dimensions of steps: height - 170-180 mm, step depth (tread) - 300-350 mm. It is desirable that the number of steps be odd. Such dimensions will make the movement on the steps comfortable;

the presence and place of installation of the fence (balusters and railings).

Note. In construction practice, there are no norms and rules governing the parameters of the porch. The recommendations concern only the parameters of the steps.

A drawing of a wooden porch, as a good example:

Scheme of a wooden porch

It is convenient to work when the scheme of the wooden porch is made on a large sheet of paper and is always in front of your eyes.

A good alternative would be a life-size cardboard template. A paper template is indispensable in the manufacture of a flight of stairs on a bowstring.

Foundation under the porch of the house

Properly selected and poured foundation for a wooden porch is the key to its strength and durability.

A wooden staircase to the porch can be installed without a foundation. But its filling will avoid the displacement of the porch due to seasonal movement of the soil.

When building a porch, you can choose one of the following types of foundation:

Columnar. Good for lightweight construction. The number of support pillars depends on the size of the porch.

Slab. Structurally, it is a monolithic concrete slab. Designed for heavy (massive) structures. The slab foundation in most cases does not need to be tied to the foundation of the main building (house).

Tape. It has a significant margin of safety, while requiring less material costs. A connection with the foundation of the house is required.

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What is the best foundation for a porch?

Some users recommend equipping a strip foundation for the porch. In this case, the likelihood of a discrepancy between the porch and the house is eliminated, as when using a columnar one. And also the consumption of material is reduced, in comparison with slab. The complexity of arranging this type of foundation is that it needs to be tied to the house.

How to tie (tie) the foundation of the porch and the house?

First of all, the adjacent foundations of the porch and the house must have a single depth.

It is better not to fill the place of attachment (fastening, connection) of the foundations immediately, but leave a technical gap (a gap of 20-30 cm), in which there will be connecting elements (studs, reinforcement).

In the old foundation of the house, holes are drilled at a distance of 50-60 mm and studs with expanding anchors are hammered. From the new porch foundation, make a reinforcement tap to these studs. Simply wired (do not twist or weld).

After the new foundation "settles" (stands) for a year (or at least winter), preferably under load, you can connect the reinforcement (tie, twist, weld). Pour the bond with concrete mortar.

The diagram below shows how to make a wooden porch with the foundation tied to the house.

What is the depth of the foundation under the porch

The depth of the foundation for the porch should correspond to the depth of the foundation of the house and is below.

A strip foundation is definitely a great solution for building a porch. However, not everyone needs a massive structure. After all, most of the flights of stairs of the porch are built using stringers or bowstrings. In this case, it is not necessary to fill in a strip foundation, but to give preference to a pile or column foundation. Equipping such a foundation, you need to make concrete "cushions" for the supports and the base of the stringer / bowstring.

The method of constructing a concrete cushion is shown in the diagram.

How to build a wooden porch for a house

Consider the technology of erecting porches on pillars (piles, supports, beams) made of wood.

The construction of a porch on a foundation in the form of a support cushion for pillars (support pedestals) will be justified only if a number of rules are followed:

the base of the kosour should rest against the waterproofing laid between the foundation and the wood of the kosour;

for supports it is better to take coniferous wood, it is preferable in conditions of high humidity;

Advice. When choosing lumber for a support, it is better to give preference not to a 100x100 mm beam, but to two 50x100 boards fastened together.

the wood of the supports should be treated with an antiseptic;

Note. The support should be processed to a height of 150-200 mm from the soil level. In this case, it is undesirable to use only It prevents the entry of air, and the process of wood decay begins from the inside. It is better to use drying oil or used engine oil.

installation depth of supports at least 800 mm;

the wider and more massive the structure, the more supports should be;

after the concrete with which the supports are poured dries, you need to check their height. Correct height difference;

Note. When making a wooden porch, it is necessary to consider waterproofing and a drainage system. This will avoid distortion of the porch structure.

It is worth noting that there is no fundamental difference in how to build a porch for a wooden house or a brick one. It is important to make an informed choice of the type of foundation and, if necessary, correctly bind it to the foundation of the house.

Porch decking and step installation

User opinions differ on this issue. Some advise to fit the flooring boards as closely as possible to each other in order to prevent the appearance of cracks characteristic of dry wood, as well as to make a slope of 1.5-2 ° allowing water to flow calmly from the flooring.

Others recommend leaving a gap of 2-3 mm so that water flows down unhindered. At the same time, they argue that these gaps do not entail the risk of injury when walking on the flooring (except for stilettos). Wooden steps for the porch - you can buy ready-made or make your own. If the latter option is selected, the detailed description is given below.

How to make steps for a wooden porch

Steps are installed, starting from the lower edge of the kosour / bowstring. Fastening is carried out using self-tapping screws, which must be sunk into the wood to avoid injury.

First, the riser is mounted, then the step. This is due to the fact that it is easier to maintain dimensions.

When arranging a ladder on a stringer, the steps are attached to it. Options for attaching steps to the bowstring are shown in the diagram.

Wooden porch railing

It is important to note that if there are more than 3 steps at the flight of stairs, it is desirable to equip it with a fence. Porch fencing can be metal (forged, stainless steel), wood, brick, stone (or concrete). Wooden railings for the porch can become not only a guarantee of the safety of movement, but also an additional decoration.

Recommendation. Provide safety elements - anti-slip coating on the steps of the porch (non-slip, anti-slip, rubber, rubber coating, tile, rug). After all, frozen moisture (icing) makes movement on them dangerous.

With the question of how to make a wooden porch sorted out, now it is important to learn how to extend the period of its operation.

How to protect a wooden porch - maintenance

A canopy over the porch will protect the wooden steps and the structure as a whole from the effects of external factors (from the sun, snow and rain). A wooden canopy over the porch of a wooden house will look especially good. For buildings made of other materials (for example, for a stone house), polycarbonate, corrugated board, tiles or other roofing materials are suitable. The visor can be made on racks or without them. The main thing is that the visor supports do not interfere with movement.

Wood processing is divided into pre-operational and operational. The first involves the application of special compounds before the construction of the porch begins. The composition of the solutions will reduce the tendency of wood to rot, warp, dry out, etc. And the second - will make it possible to preserve the original appearance of the structure. Such processing can include painting, waxing or varnishing.

Wood porch painting

pine wood needs to be opened (coated) with paint in several layers and periodically updated layer;

before applying the paint, you need to open (treat, impregnate) the wood with a primer;
Advice. The primer will retain the properties of the wood, but the surface will need to be painted every 3-6 years. Without impregnation, the paint will last up to 10 years, but the properties of the tree will deteriorate significantly.

covering pine with transparent compounds is not recommended. Sand and dirt are pressed into soft rock;

larch or hardwood wood can be opened with transparent compounds. The Vermeister Deck.Oil impregnation oil has proven to be excellent;

when choosing how to paint a wooden porch on the street, you need to know that the compositions for coating wood outside and inside the house may differ. To paint a wooden porch from the street (outside), use the following paints, enamels:

oily (due to the pungent odor, they are gradually losing popularity);

water-based (need to be constantly updated);

alkyd (resistant to moisture and mechanical abrasion);

polyurethane (used mainly in industrial conditions);

reactive (consist of two components, their distribution is limited by high cost and short time for application after mixing the components).

each update of the coating on wood is carried out only after cleaning the surface from the previous layer of old paint.

How to attach a wooden porch - video

Compliance with the steps listed above will allow you to create a beautiful, reliable and functional wooden porch with your own hands.

The porch of the house is not only a decorative element of the facade, but also a good protection from rain, snow and wind all year round. The wooden porch is characterized by ease of assembly, structural reliability and natural beauty. Having familiarized yourself with all the intricacies of building a wooden porch in advance, you can do this work yourself quickly and without much difficulty.

Preparatory work

You can build a wooden porch efficiently and quickly, observing certain requirements for the preparation of a future project:

We create a drawing. The plan-scheme includes a general view of the structure, the dimensions of all structural elements.
We determine the type of wood for construction (the best option is hardwood).
We calculate the area of the landing sufficient for the unhindered opening and closing of doors.
We calculate.
Before starting the construction of a do-it-yourself porch made of wood, it is important to think over the general appearance of the structure, the style of its design. It is important that the design is in harmony with the facade of the building, being included in a single composition.

wooden porch project

When attaching a wooden porch to the house, the following parameters are calculated:

Ladder height. It is easy to determine this indicator, for this they measure the distance from the soil surface to the threshold of the doorway, subtracting 5-10 cm of indentation (taking into account seasonal soil fluctuations and changes in tree thickness under the influence of precipitation).

Attention: if the height of the porch requires the arrangement of a large number of steps, experts recommend erecting a corner frame made of wood, in which one of the marches is placed along the facade of the building.

The length of the kosour (string). The bearing beam of a ladder with a comb along the upper line, on which the steps are fixed, is called a kosour. A bowstring is a structural element on which the steps are fixed by the groove method.

Width and height, number of steps. The calculation of these indicators is based on the width of a person's step. On average, the step height is 18 cm, the width (depth) is -26 cm. You can determine the required number of steps using the formula K = i / d, where: K is the number of steps; i is the distance from the porch to the starting point of the base of the stairs; d is the step length.

The width of the stairs. According to regulatory documents, this indicator should be at least 70 cm.

The choice of wood species

When planning a construction, it is important to choose the right material for the job. The most durable, high-quality wooden stairs to the porch will be made of larch or pine. Log cabins for a wooden house made of rounded logs look very colorful.

Before buying lumber, you need to pay attention to the following points:

dryness of wood (the saw cut of the tree is even, without wet spots);
no traces of mold, knots, nests of bark beetles.

Design features

Wooden porch for a private house - a small extension to the facade of the building.

Device options:

open area with steps - a simple design without railings (ideal for a small one-story country house);

partially enclosed area with low railings;

closed porch - a structure consisting of a ladder, a platform, a railing and a canopy. A closed porch helps keep the house quiet and increases the level of thermal insulation.

Pros of a wooden porch

The indisputable advantage of wooden structures is the ease of processing lumber. It is also worth noting a number of positive points:

a large selection of models of wooden structures;
low thermal conductivity (wood canopies help to increase the thermal insulation of the building);
wood does not require additional decorative finishing;
simplicity and speed of construction (there is no need for a reinforced foundation);
if repair is necessary, it is not necessary to dismantle the entire structure, only a separate part of it can be replaced.

Cons of a wooden porch

Wood as a natural material is subject to destruction by moisture, fungus or mold. The surface of steps made of wood wears out very quickly, cracks under the influence of direct sunlight. Of particular note is the high degree of ignition of structures made of timber and boards.

All of the above shortcomings are easily corrected. To do this, it is necessary to regularly impregnate wooden surfaces with special protective and flame retardant compounds.

How to build a foundation

When constructing a porch of wood, you can apply the following types of foundations:

Columnar - the ideal base for a lightweight timber structure. The number of support pillars depends on the total area of the porch.
Slab - the base of a concrete monolithic slab, as a rule, is used for very heavy structures.

Let us consider in more detail the process of erecting the simplest pile (columnar) foundation.

Action algorithm:

According to a pre-calculated scheme, they dig holes in the ground.
A small layer of sand and gravel is covered at the bottom of the pit. It is necessary for high-quality moisture absorption and preservation of pillars from premature decay.
The support is installed in a prepared pit and poured with a concrete solution. Important: the depth of the supports is 20 cm from the level of soil freezing.

After waiting for the required time for leveling and hardening of concrete, check the height of all supporting pillars. If necessary, sawing of the necessary sections is carried out. Important: in order to increase the strength of the structure, the extreme supports are attached to the facade of the building with self-tapping screws.

How to build a wooden porch

Having determined the dimensions, type of construction, having purchased the necessary materials, you can begin construction.

When constructing a wooden porch, you must adhere to certain rules and procedures:

as supports, pine logs will become the most suitable material;
an additional waterproofing layer must be laid between the wood of the kosour and the base of the foundation;
support poles must be treated with protective compounds;
support poles are dug into the ground no more than 80 cm.

How to make a wooden porch with your own hands

A clear algorithm of actions has been developed, following which you can easily and quickly build a wooden porch with your own hands:

We are designing a plan for the future construction. We calculate the dimensions of all structural elements, the amount of material required.
We equip the foundation.
We build a ladder to the porch of wood with our own hands.
We equip a canopy, railings.
We cover the entire structure with protective compounds.

We equip the flooring, steps and fencing

There are several ways to lay boards for flooring and steps:

A wooden beam or board is tightly fitted to each other and attached to the base with self-tapping screws. Important: in this case, the slope of the site is at least 2°C.
The boards are laid with a certain gap (no more than 3 mm).

Installation of steps must begin from the bottom of the bowstring. First of all, the risers are mounted, and then the steps.

The final step is the installation of railings. There must be a fence if the height of the stairs exceeds three steps.

Installation of a wooden porch floor

The site is built from durable thick boards that can withstand the daily movement of a large number of people. A small gap (gap) is left between the flooring boards, which is necessary for the free flow of rainwater and unhindered air movement.

Important: it is necessary to lay out the boards for the site at a slight angle of inclination.

Care and protection of a wooden porch

A canopy will help protect a wooden porch. Peaks made of wooden beams above the porch frame look harmonious.

You can extend the life of a wooden structure by adhering to certain rules and requirements:

Wood requires periodic treatment with protective compounds. The first time the tree is processed before the start of construction, then the protective layer is applied during the operation of the structure.
Painting or varnishing will help to give a more decorative look to the building, to show the beauty of the tree. It is necessary to apply paint and varnish compositions in several layers.

Important: do not cover pine wood with transparent varnishes. For soft woods, water-based, alkyd or polyurethane paints are most preferred.

Step by step instructions on how to make a wooden porch yourself

When building a wooden porch with your own hands, it is important to follow a clear sequence of actions:

Project development and calculation of the required amount of materials. The quality of the work performed, the reliability and durability of the erected structure largely depend on the accuracy of the calculations.
Foundation arrangement. For a wooden structure, it is enough to build a foundation from a pile. This easy-to-install base ensures your porch is reliable and durable for years to come.
Construction of the frame of a wooden porch - the formation of a bowstring.

It is easy to assemble a single structure, all elements are interconnected by a tenon-and-groove method. Metal staples will help strengthen the frame.

Arrangement of the platform, steps, railings. The easiest way to arrange a wooden porch site is to cover it with boards. The elements of the risers and feet are fixed to the frame with self-tapping screws. Installation of steps begins from the bottom of the bowstring. First of all, risers are installed, and then steps.

The safety of movement on the stairs is provided by wooden or metal railings.

It is realistic to make a beautiful wooden porch with your own hands, the main thing is to familiarize yourself with the intricacies of the process in advance and strictly observe all stages of construction.