Given the design features frame house on piles, the floor must be not only strong, but also light enough so as not to unnecessarily burden the foundation of the house. No less important good thermal insulation this part of the building. That is why the floor device in frame house best made from wood. This material is environmentally friendly, warm and light. To increase the thermal insulation of the floor of the first floor, a heating system can be provided.
Floor materials
If you are going to do the floor with your own hands, then you first need to choose the right Construction Materials. When choosing the type of wood from which the main load-bearing parts of the constructive floor cake will be made, you should take into account the climatic conditions of the construction region, the intensity of loads on this structural part of the house, your financial capabilities, as well as the features of each room, for example, in the bathroom you will need good floor waterproofing.
When building a house on screw piles the frame of the first floor can be made using the following types wood:
- Needles. This type of wood is relatively inexpensive, durable and strong. It is suitable for construction in small spaces, for example, in the bathroom or hallway.
- Aspen and oak are more expensive types of wood. Their performance indicators of strength, reliability and durability are much higher than those of other breeds. With the help of elements from these types of wood, you can make frame structures in the children's room and bedroom.
When building a floor in a house on screw piles, it is equally important to use well-dried wood. If you build a floor from a damp material, then as it dries, cracks form in the structure. External state wooden elements for building a house is equally important. They should not have spots, cracks or other defects.
Tip: for flooring in a house on piles, it is better to buy wood of the 1st grade with a moisture content not higher than 20%.
To correctly calculate the required volume of material, it is necessary to add 10% to the area of \u200b\u200bthe room. The flooring of the floor of the house on screw piles is best done from two-meter boards. To avoid discrepancies in color and texture, it is worth purchasing products from the same batch. The best flooring for any floor of a frame house there will be a grooved edged board. It does not require finishing grinding, which will reduce the time of work and reduce labor costs.
Floor covering materials
Making the floor in a wireframe wooden house, most often used as a floor covering:
- glued parquet board ( inexpensive material with low performance)
- parquet (more expensive and durable product);
- solid parquet board (durable coating);
- board made of solid wood (material with high wear resistance).
Naturally, all of them are not suitable for the floor in the bathroom, kitchen and bathroom. For bathrooms and bathrooms, it is better to use ceramic tiles. The main thing in the floor design of the second floor is to provide good waterproofing in places with high humidity.
Bearing structures of the floor of a frame house on piles
The device of the floor in the frame house can be started after the construction of the pile foundation and the strapping. It is better to make it from a bar, an I-beam or a channel. We will use for strapping wooden beams, to which we attach the lags. The span length of the strapping beams should be no more than 3 m. If the span is greater than this value, then additional pile supports must be used. For beams, you can take a beam with a section of 100X100 mm from coniferous wood.
Before laying the strapping, it is imperative to waterproof the base with penofol, roofing felt or plastic film.
After installing the beams, you can proceed to laying the log. The pitch of these elements is 500 mm. The construction of the floor in a house on piles is carried out using beams (lag) with a section of 100x250 mm for the first floor and 70x200 mm for the second floor. If the overlapped spans are small, for example, in the bathroom, then the cross section of the beams can be reduced to 50x150 mm. In some cases, a lag step of 40 cm is used to increase the strength of the structure. For more information on how to mount the floor frame, see the video at the end of the article.
Before laying the lag on the harness, you need to make a markup equal to their step. Further, in the strapping beam, recesses are sawn along the width of the lag. After laying in the grooves of the strapping, the logs are fixed with dowels, screws, nails or self-tapping screws.
Important: all wooden load-bearing floor structures must be treated with antiseptics and fire retardants to protect against rotting and burning.
From below, boards of 30x30 mm must be attached to the lags. To increase the strength of the floor structure, sometimes logs are interconnected during construction cross jumpers in increments of 150 cm. But this is not necessary. Such reinforcement of the structure is recommended to be done if a heated concrete floor is to be performed.
As for the floor frame of the second floor, floor beams will be used here, not logs. Their step is taken equal to 500 mm. The flooring will be laid directly on the beams.
First floor floor insulation
If you decide to build a house on screw piles with your own hands, then Special attention you need to give insulation to the floor of the first floor. The constructive wooden floor cake on the second floor does not require such thorough thermal insulation.
As a rule, the construction of houses on piles is carried out using beam filing. To do this, we lay OSB boards or plywood along the rails attached to the bottom of the joists. The sectional design will resemble the letter W.
Now you can proceed to the device of hydro and vapor barrier. To do this, we do the following:
- We spread a waterproofing film over the lag so that it sags into the gaps between the lags. You can use membrane waterproofing or a regular film.
- We put it in the gaps between the lags (on top of the film) thermal insulation material. Suitable for these purposes mineral wool. If you want to insulate your house on stilts well, then it is better to use basalt wool.
- The waterproofing film on the logs must be fixed with a stapler.
- The constructive cake of the first floor floor in a stilt house must include a vapor barrier. If you are building with your own hands, then do not forget that vapor barrier material laid with an overlap of 150 mm. Joints must be glued.
The above method is used to build the floor of the first floor in any room, be it a bathroom, kitchen or living room. As for the constructive cake of the floor of the second floor, it can be done without heat and waterproofing material. But in the bathroom and other places with wet processes, it is worth laying a waterproofing layer in the floor structure. In the video below, you can learn in more detail about the device of the floor of the house on stilts with your own hands.
Floor covering
The next layer of the constructive cake is made with a board 3 cm thick. When laying the boards with your own hands, observe a step of 40-50 cm. ventilation gap. You can fasten the boards to the lags with self-tapping screws.
- On the crate of the boards we perform the laying of the subfloor. It can be grooved or regular board. We fasten it to the crate with self-tapping screws.
- On the boards with your own hands, you can lay the acquired flooring.
Since tiles will be the front layer of the floor in the bathroom and bathroom, to level the surface on draft boards it is better to lay plywood or OSB. At the same time, additional waterproofing must be laid in the constructive cake in such rooms, which is laid on plywood.
Warm floor frame house
With your own hands, you can make a warm floor in a house on stilts. This is not shown in the video below, but the process is simple and takes place in the following sequence:
- A constructive underfloor heating cake includes the same carrier wooden frame, as for the floor without heating, with the only difference that the plywood sheets are not laid on the filing boards, but on the cranial bars attached to the logs with self-tapping screws on the sides. You can use a cranial bar with a section of 30x30 mm and fasten in increments of 15-20 cm.
- After laying the plywood on the bars and performing waterproofing, we lay polystyrene foam in the gap between the lags. Top surface polystyrene boards should be on the same level as the top of the lag.
- Next, you need to lay a layer of vapor barrier film, bringing it to the walls above the expected level of the finished floor.
- We lay a reinforcing mesh on top of the film and fill it with a thin layer of cement mortar.
- Then we lay out the heating mats of the underfloor heating system on the reflective layer of foil isol. We carry out a concrete screed.
- We do flooring installation. If the floor is done in the bathroom or in the kitchen, then you can use tiles.
In houses with screw piles, special requirements are placed on floor laying technology due to design features buildings. In frame houses, the floor should be part of power structure. Floors in a frame house on piles are more exposed to climatic influences, so the requirements for materials, flooring technology and insulation methods are fundamentally different than in buildings with standard types foundation. This material is about how to properly lay on piles so as not to violate the key parameters of the building and achieve comfortable conditions residence for many years.
On screw piles
Building in most precedents is a forced necessity, rather than an image or aesthetic decision. Houses of this type are built in places where the soil has a low density or high level ground water. Similar structures are also found in coastal zones where in the spring there is a threat of flooding of the dwelling.
Building on the slope of a ravine.
For the construction, you need to screw piles over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe future frame house. The number of piles, their deepening are individually prescribed in project documentation. Top part the pile foundation is combined with the help of a lower strapping made of timber 150 by 150 mm, or 200 by 200 mm. The beam of the lower strapping of the frame house evenly distributes the load on the piles. Thus, the laying of the floors of the frame house is carried out directly on the timber.
Advantages of a pile foundation
Such a technological solution has a number of advantages:
- minimum level of draft;
- the ability to use on any type of soil;
- quick installation of the foundation;
- absence a large number earthworks;
- high level of structural stability;
- slight susceptibility to aggressive environmental factors.
An important point is that with the help of a foundation on screw piles, it is possible to build frame houses in areas with a significant difference in height: on cliffs, slopes of lowlands or ravines, artificial embankments.
On a note
To weaknesses described technological solution can be attributed to the inability to equip basement and difficult floor insulation in a frame house on stilts.
Floor in a building on screw piles
Before covering the horizontal ceiling of the first floor, you need to correctly select the type of wood in order to minimize heat loss, since the floor in a frame house on screw piles is not protected from the external environment like the floor in ordinary house. Therefore, varieties of wood are required that will ensure the tightest fit of the floorboards to each other.
In order to lay the floor of a frame house on screw piles, it is recommended to use conifers which combine high strength, durability and reasonable price. For wealthy homeowners, it would be preferable to choose oak or aspen, which are many times superior coniferous varieties by many characteristics.
Floor insulation on the first floor. The right floor in a frame house will allow you to use any type of flooring. natural origin be it parquet parquet board or processed solid wood board. You also need to keep in mind that you will have to use ceramics as a floor covering in order to tile the bathroom. The tree must tolerate the effects of water-repellent impregnations well.
Ground floor floor
The horizontal ceilings of the first floor are most susceptible to heat loss, therefore, in this case, insulation is required between the main floor surface and the floor covering. Thus, the thickness of the frame house floor on the first floor will be much greater than on the second. Additionally, it is required to nail sheets of plywood or sheets of isoplat to the logs from the outside.
The counter rails on which the flooring rests must be located directly on top of the log above the insulation. The floor of the first floor in a frame house requires additional protection from the accumulation of moisture and its evaporation. Thinking about waterproofing starting stage covering the floor, even before the installation of the floor covering.
Layers of insulating material must overlap. The width of the overlap must be at least ten centimeters. The arrangement of floors in a frame house on piles resembles a kind of pie, the “stuffing” of which is a subfloor, wind protection, layers of thermal insulation, vapor barrier, and flooring.
Requirements for the floor of the second floor
What floor is used in frame houses on the second floor? The main requirement for the floors of the second floor is that they must bear the minimum load on the building, since it is not recommended to build frame houses more than two stories high. The floors of the second floor do not give off heat and are less demanding on the type of flooring. Basic requirement for floors of this type is the ease of construction and good sound insulation.
Sectional view of the floor of the second floor. On the upper floors of a frame house, it is unacceptable to use a thick layer insulating materials. For less load on the floor, you can do large quantity premises on the first floor. Spacers and partitions will become part of the power structure of the house, thereby unloading the floor of the second floor of the frame house.
Floor insulation
It is necessary to pay close attention to the types of insulation, so wooden floors in a frame house not only actively give off heat during external environment in the absence of insulation, but can also be destroyed if the material of the insulating layer is selected with errors.
The main types of insulation
- Mineral wool- this type of insulation has excellent insulating parameters. In addition, mineral wool does not burn, does not decompose, does not accumulate toxic substances during operation. However, mineral wool loses its insulating properties if it comes into contact with water, so the construction of a frame house floor should be done with a minimum of liquids. In this case it is forbidden to process floorboard water-based enamel.
- Frame house with water floors- this option of insulation requires significant technological competencies from builders. It is required to lay the coolant supply lines between the floor and the floor covering. circulating hot water will heat the coating to the desired temperature. In order for this system to work without failures, a boiler with ACS and thermostats must be installed in the house. This type insulation is recommended for houses where people live all year round;
- Electric floor heating– in a frame house, thermal elements are installed between the floor and the floor covering, which the user can activate at will. In this case, the floor covering should not be combustible.
It implies variability, which is limited by the financial capabilities of the homeowner and the operating conditions of the dwelling.
Floor installation work
Installation algorithm:
- Log installation.
- The adjunction of bars between the lags to strengthen the structure.
- Laying a subfloor from a board or plywood.
- Flooring between the lags of the vapor barrier membrane.
- Insulation lining.
- The insulation must be covered with a vapor barrier film.
- Installation of the floor in a frame house.
Installers must monitor the correct sequence of laying the floor cake and the tightness of the adjoining boards.
13.01.2019
Friends
, I will tell you that for those who are interested in this topic, who want to independently or replenish their knowledge base in construction, this story will be very useful and interesting.
The fact is that Sergei Filipov tells in detail in his story about the order, which can be used not only in the construction of a frame house, but also in a house of another constructive format, whether it be stone, brick, log, or aerated concrete. The main condition for the application of such a solution should be the floor used on the logs or the overlap of I-beams, in general, the use of engineered wood in the floor.
We took screenshots from the video and arranged them in order of installation order, for a more visual format for understanding the laying and installation of the layers and materials used in the floor pie.
Subscribe to Sergey's channel, there are a lot of useful and informative videos about construction frame houses in Finland.
Installation of a vapor barrier on the walls of a frame house is desirable to do in advance, because. it's over effective protection and much more convenient fixture protective film. Then the beam supports are mounted under the bearing logs.
After the installation of the beams, a dry board with a section of 20 * 90 mm is laid along the logs, with a step of 90 mm. and fastened with two 60 mm nails. at each intersection with a beam.
If you use I-beams to organize a ceiling or floor, ventilation and other communications are carried out in pre-prepared holes.
After installing the subfloor or lathing, the next layer of the floor pie is laid GKL sheets ( drywall sheet), which are fastened with self-tapping screws to the subfloor boards at the rate of 8 self-tapping screws per 1 square meter. These are the requirements for fasteners when building a frame house in Finland.
The next photo shows in section the first layer of GKL mounted on the crate.
The next step in the cake layering sequence could be as a water tube installation for warm floors, and the installation of the next sheet of GKL, in which later it is possible to punch a channel for mounting the tube. In any case, the next sheet of GKL is attached to the base by gluing with special mounting glue from balloons similar to mounting foam. Then this construction of two sheets acquires solidity and strength, it is much more convenient to work with it.
If you do not ditch the glued second sheet of gypsum plasterboard, but lay water pipes for underfloor heating on the first one, they are attached to the sheet with special clips.
After the underfloor heating pipes are laid and attached, a leveling compound will be poured between them. Along the perimeter, of course, it is necessary to mount a second layer of GKL, which will be level beacons.
The next step is to pour a self-leveling mortar, to form flat surface on which the next layer will be laid.
The next stage in the construction of a warm floor in the ceiling of a frame house is the installation of gypsum plasterboard for the floor (15.4 mm with fibers) on building glue.
The application of construction adhesive for laying gypsum board 15.4 mm is the same as you would install tile, just large.
In places where there was no filling compound for the field, where there was a gating under the pipes of the warm floor, the glue consumption is much less, since the GKL sheet is smoother than the filled surface. However, the work is done in the same order as gluing floor tiles.
Slots are organized in the GKL for the passage of communications. They are cut in Giprok with a jigsaw.
After all the trimmings, laying on the glue, we get a very strong, one might say, a single cake of three sheets of drywall.
The pie lying on the crate of the ceiling along the logs of three sheets of plasterboard is ready.
After the pre-finishing coating is ready, it is necessary to proceed with the installation of insulation between the floor joists.
The thickness of the insulation itself in 100 mm is more soundproofing material than insulation, in this particular case.
Communications and ventilation ducts are laid in the distance formed between the GKL layers and the layer of soundproofing wool.
The final stage of pre-finishing when installing the ceiling in a frame house along the logs, with the installation of underfloor heating water pipes, is the installation of a protective film. It is not necessary to install a vapor barrier in the ceiling of a frame house, since it is only necessary on the outer walls. In this case, the film performs the functions of protection against penetration into the room of elements and particles of cotton wool used in the ceiling. Therefore, gluing the joints of the film is not necessary.
We thank Sergey Filipov for a detailed professional story about the device and the stages in the Finnish frame house.
Subscribe to Sergey's channel Construction of houses in Finland
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In turn, I want to thank all readers on our website for their interest in the technologies of building frame and other wooden houses. We know that the future belongs to quality and professional construction, our construction team, the whole project "Doc's House" we are constantly striving for the improvement and training of all staff, applying our knowledge in the construction of houses for our customers.
Sincerely,
Roman Dekhtyarev,
project manager.
+7 918 622 99 12
The device of the subfloor in a frame house depends on the type of foundation on which it stands. And the type of foundation even of such a light structure depends on the nature of the soil. And here there are no restrictions on materials - it can be concrete floors on the ground, and wooden floors on the logs. But the first option, if used, is only on a slab or strip foundation. Although for strip foundation the draft floor on the logs is more common. And taking into account the fact that a frame house is usually placed on a screw or column foundation(if they allow geological features site), draft wooden floor the most common.
All enclosing surfaces of a frame house are arranged similarly - thin-sheet sheathing with insulation in the middle
General terms
In principle, there are two types of wooden subfloor on the first floor of a frame house:
load-bearing ventilated structure on a strip or pile (screw) foundation;
lattice structure on a slab or concrete screed.
In the first case horizontal level must already be observed at the level of the basement, grillage or strapping, in the second - when pouring the base.
If there is a subfloor in the tape shallow foundation in the bearing walls of the base along the perimeter and inside it, air ducts for ventilation should be laid.
Note. The air must also be left when arranging the pick-up (base) of the pile foundation.
To prevent wood from rotting on contact with concrete or metal surface, places of support bearing beams floors on the foundation are insulated using rolled bituminous waterproofing.
All wooden elements must be treated with antiseptics, used metal fasteners and attachment points must have an anti-corrosion coating.
subfloor structure
According to the structure, the device of the floor in a frame house does not differ from the walls.
There are also power elements responsible for the reliability and strength of the structure - logs and jumpers. They are also attached to bearing base- foundation. And in the context, this is the same sandwich - a thin-layer sheathing of the frame, inside of which the insulation is located. And so that the insulation and wood do not get wet from condensate and atmospheric moisture, they are protected with special films and membranes.
They equip the subfloor in a frame house in two stages.
Features of the subfloor of the first floor. First stage
At the first stage, immediately after the completion of the construction of the foundation, the supporting structure of the floor is installed - logs and crossbars.
And here is different variants their attachments:
The lags are fixed on top of the beam of the pile foundation strapping or the bed of the strip foundation on nails. First, along two opposite walls, a front (strapping) board for a log is attached to a beam or a bed. And then the lags themselves are installed between them. If necessary, they are built up with an overlap, which should rest on one of the internal load-bearing walls of the strip foundation or the internal beam of the grillage (run).
On our website you can get acquainted with the most popular projects of frame houses from construction companies presented at the exhibition of houses "Low-rise Country".
Video description
The rigidity of the structure is ensured by additional spacers, the length of which must correspond to the lag step (minus their thickness). How Larry Hong does it can be seen in the video below:
The logs are attached on top of the strapping beam or bed, fixing them directly to the wall posts on nails and brackets. In this case, the layout of the lag completely coincides with the step of the racks, and this is not always “convenient”.
The lags are fixed in the strapping beam, for which special slots are made.
The lags are attached to the strapping beam along inside using special brackets.
There is no unambiguous opinion about the lag layout step.
More "economical" option - 600 mm. And if we talk about the axial distance, then taking into account the thickness of the log - 625 mm. But some experts recommend a step of 400 mm. And although the mats will have to be cut when insulating with mineral wool, the construction of the subfloor will be much stronger.
Important! In places where heavy equipment is installed (a stove, a fireplace, a floor-standing boiler with a boiler), the layout (step) of the lag is further reduced.
Video description
The principle of reducing the layout of the lag in places where heavy objects are installed is used not only in frame houses. For example, the same advice can be heard in the following video, although it talks about the device of the subfloor log house. As you can see, in practice there are no fundamental differences - this is the same wooden floor of the first floor:
On our site you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of reconstruction and restructuring of houses. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".
Subfloor installation. Second phase
The second stage of arranging the subfloor is started after the walls are in place and the roof is mounted. Although frame houses are prefabricated, precipitation can “happen” at any time, and mineral wool must be laid, provided that it does not get wet from rain.
There are three ways to make a floor in a frame house (more precisely, its lower part):
The base is hemmed from below the lag. It is made from a board, moisture resistant plywood or OSB. As decorative qualities are not needed for this, then the board can be taken unedged, but be sure to remove the wane (bark) and treat with an antiseptic. The entire load that will fall on this base is the weight of mineral wool. Therefore, it is enough if the board is 20 mm thick, and plywood or OSB - 10-15 mm. The disadvantage of this method is that the base is fixed from the side of the underground, and this is possible only with sufficient clearance to the ground.
This is how the floor plan looks like with a filing from below
The filing of the base is carried out along the "cranial" bar. This is the name of a small bar in cross section (usually 50x50 mm), which is attached to the logs on both sides at the very bottom. On these bars lay base boards or cut plywood sheets(OSB boards). Moreover, their attachment to the cranial bar is carried out purely "symbolically". The advantage of the method is that the installation is carried out “from above”, therefore there is no restriction on the clearance between the ceiling and the ground. The disadvantage is that the logs must be at least 200 mm high (even better - 250 mm) to compensate for the loss usable space for floor insulation. It can also be noted as a disadvantage the additional purchase of a bar.
Rough Pie frame house floormount the lag on top. This method is used if the base is low and there is actually no subfloor. In fact, it is necessary to lay additional logs perpendicular to the lags of the main subfloor. In this case, the base of the subfloor is attached to the main logs, and additional logs are mounted on it - they serve to fasten the finishing floor covering.
After the base is mounted, a waterproofing membrane and insulation are laid between the lag (main or additional for the third method).
Ground floor subfloor cake
The correct arrangement of layers hardwood floor the first floor looks like this:
base;
diffusion waterproofing membrane;
insulation between the lag;
directly the subfloor itself, as the base of the finishing floor covering.
Note. If as finish coat use a tongue-and-groove floor board, then it is mounted on logs on top of the vapor barrier.
board by figcaption>
This arrangement protects the insulation from the penetration of water vapor from warm air from the side of the room, and do not prevent them from weathering outward - into the underground.
For the floor of the frame, choose mineral wool, ecowool, ordinary or extruded polystyrene foam. Preference is given to mineral wool because of its incombustibility. But if you need to make the floor warmer with the same thickness of thermal insulation, then use a combination of polystyrene foam and mineral wool. Styrofoam 10 cm thick is placed below, and mineral wool is placed on top.
Draft floor of the second floor
The device of the subfloor in the frame house on the second or attic floor different from the basement.
Here, the vapor barrier is located differently and additionally there must be elastic gaskets to compensate for impact and structural noise. In addition, only mineral wool is used as an insulating layer. Moreover, this is due not only to its incombustibility, but also to the ability to absorb airborne noise, which foam does not have. That is, it acts not as thermal insulation, but as sound insulation. Therefore, its thickness will be less (although for this case it is better to choose special acoustic wool mats).
Note. To airborne noise include any waves in the acoustic range - this is speech, music, a working TV or music center. Impact noises are walking on the top floor, sounds from objects falling on the floor or moving furniture. Structural noise propagates through structural elements from operating equipment (ventilation, air conditioners, pumps for water supply and heating systems).
finish coating(for laminate - with a polyethylene foam backing);
plywood or OSB board;
rubber or cork substrate glued on top chipboard(or plywood);
rubber or cork floor joists;
mineral wool between beams;
vapor barrier;
crate;
ceiling cladding(drywall, lining or panels);
Video description
Several Yet useful nuances on the device of the subfloor in the following video:
Conclusion
The subfloor must be reliable and durable - its main elements are part of load-bearing structure frame house. In addition, it must have good heat and soundproof properties- it is the observance of this part of the conditions that is responsible for comfort. Therefore, everything must be done here on the basis of the project, the calculation of which should be carried out taking into account regulatory requirements and climatic conditions region. And this is a job for professionals.
