Levels with three horizontal flasks. Building levels: types, selection and purpose. Optical building levels

In this section of the Skladom online store you can buy a building level at a low price! Our catalog contains a wide range of models. The range includes tools made in Russia and abroad. A wide choice allows you to find the best option in terms of cost and functional purpose, allowing you to solve problems of any degree of complexity.

Types of building levels

You can buy a building level from us:

Bubble. A special tool of rectangular shape with installed transparent flasks filled with liquid. By the location of the bubble, it is easy to determine whether the surface corresponds to a horizontal or vertical plane. The presence of the third flask makes it possible to measure the degree of deviation from the given parameters of the horizon. The catalog contains levels of various lengths and body designs: "Profile", "Rail", etc.

Water - a special construction tool. The level is designed to determine the horizontal location of structures or distant objects. Two graduated flasks at the ends of the hose filled with water allow you to quickly and accurately beat off the horizontal level of the foundation, screed, floor, etc.

The photographs accompanying each model, as well as an informative description, will help you choose the right level. It is enough to go to the site page and you can find out everything about the possibilities, advantages and distinctive features of a particular model.

Depending on the type of tool, manufacturer and individual characteristics, the price for the construction level may be different. Along with professional, more expensive products, we also have budget models that compare favorably with affordable prices and high quality.

For accurate and quick measurements, buy building levels in Skladom!

The building level is a device designed to control the installation of devices, materials, structures in the vertical and horizontal planes, as well as to check the clarity and correctness of the lines.

Modern construction technologies require the use of only high quality materials and precision tools. It is from the strict observance of the clarity of the lines, quite often, that the overall result of the repair or construction depends.

One of the main tools that allows you to keep all planes perfectly flat is the building level. The control of vertical and horizontal lines is carried out using different types of building levels: rack, hydraulic or laser.

Helpful information:

In order to determine which building level is best suited for your needs, first consider their design and features of use.

Bubble (rack) levels

The rack level is a rail with three cones at different ends. Each of them contains an air bubble placed in a colored liquid. Also, cones contain special marks, according to which the necessary measurements are made.

Bubble levels are so called because of the presence of cones filled with liquid (non-freezing in the cold) with an air bubble left. The cones are marked with risks that help determine the position of the bubble relative to the earth's surface, and, depending on the position of the cone, indicate the horizontal or vertical of the object being measured.

The basis of the work of this level is the movement of the bubble in the cone, relative to the level of the horizon. The cone located in the middle is responsible for controlling the horizontal lines. Another, located at one end of the rail, helps in measuring vertical lines. The third cone is set at an angle and allows the planes to be held at a 45-degree inclination.

When choosing a building level, you should also pay attention to its design, or rather the design of the rail. It can be of two types: rectangular section and I-beam (in the form of a rail).

Rectangular levels are popular among amateur models that are used in everyday life. I-beams, on the other hand, have earned the attention of professional builders, due to their "survivability". Such levels are not deformed when falling from a height and during prolonged intensive use.

The sectional shape is not the only structural feature of the building level to which attention should be paid. Levels of different lengths are designed for different types of construction work. With their help, the evenness of lines and planes is controlled in a wide variety of conditions.

Rack levels exist with a different number of eyes (cones), for example:

One-eyed (horizontal)
Two-eye (horizontal and vertical)
Three-eye (the most common type of rack level), in such levels two eyes are fixed motionless (horizon and vertical) and one eye is adjustable (with a degree scale to determine the angle of inclined surfaces)
Five-eye levels - special plumbing levels for laying water and sewer pipes at a certain angle.

Bubble (rack) levels come in various sizes - from 20 cm to 2.5 meters.

To check the bubble level, it is placed on a flat surface, the position of the bubble relative to the marks is noted, and then it is turned to the other side. If the bubble has not changed its position relative to the marks on the flask, then the level is accurate. Thus, it is necessary to check the readings of each cone.

Hydrolevels (water) levels

The hydraulic level is another type of building level. It is a transparent tube, at the ends of which there are flasks with marks. Its functioning is ensured by the laws of physics and the principle of communicating vessels.

The liquid level in the flasks remains the same and constant, regardless of the height of one of them. In order to use the hydraulic level, it is necessary to draw water into it. Try not to get bubbles into the tube while doing this, because. each bubble will significantly reduce the accuracy of the construction tool.

To carry out correct measurements by the hydraulic level, you will need an assistant, you will not be able to handle it yourself. Everyone takes a flask in his hand and opens the lids on them to prevent water from escaping. One flask is pressed against the wall near the mark, and the other in the place where the mark needs to be applied. After that, the first flask is lowered or raised until the water level in the flask and the mark on the wall are in line.

The water level in the second flask will indicate a point that is in the same horizon with the mark. Be sure to wait until the water in the flasks and the tube calms down, otherwise, it will not be possible to carry out correct calculations.

After it was possible to get two marks in one horizon, they are connected to each other by pulling a cord or drawing a line. Such levels are used at sufficiently large distances. The sizes of hydraulic levels range from 3 to 25 meters.

With the help of a hydraulic level, only horizontal lines can be marked, for vertical lines it is necessary to use a different type of building level.

When performing finishing work in rooms with a small quadrature, it is not recommended to use a hydraulic level. Its minimum length is five meters, which makes it difficult to work with it in small spaces.

When choosing a hydraulic level, you should pay attention to the shape of the flasks. Preference should be given to rectangular rather than cylindrical. It is easier to work with this level, because it is more convenient to press the flasks against the wall and make marks. The diameter of the tube also plays a role, the larger it is, the faster the water in the flasks is set at the same level. The diameter of the tubes varies from 6mm to 8mm.

Laser level

The third type of building level is the laser level. This type of construction equipment is more modern and accurate than those described above. Equipped with various electronic technological solutions, it allows measurements in various planes with maximum accuracy.

To date, the most convenient and accurate control and measuring device, which allows you to accurately and efficiently build lines in various planes. Laser levels can be mounted on tripods, magnets, sliding rods or on special brackets. The most common models of laser levels are the so-called "self-leveling levels", in which the projecting part of the beam works on the principle of a pendulum, that is, it is aligned with the ground on its own.

There are several types of building laser level:

A classic rack level with a built-in laser pointer that can be used to project a laser beam onto a plane.
The so-called laser level, which can be independently installed in the level.
Well, the last, the most technically perfect - the builder of planes. It has the ability to project several laser beams onto a wide variety of planes at once.

Technical excellence and versatility make the laser building level the most preferable to buy, but its price is also the highest.

Choosing the optimal level length. Here you need to determine for what kind of work you plan to use it. If this is tiling, then you will have to purchase two levels: short (up to 60 cm), to control the level between adjacent tiles; long (200 cm), to control the level of the entire cladding plane.

When installing plasterboard structures, pouring screeds, plastering walls, it is necessary to purchase a long, at least 200 cm, building level. Thus, the larger the working area, the longer the level must be purchased.

The presence of various additional design features. Built-in magnets allow you to attach the building level to metal structures, freeing your hands. Slots on the rail make it easier and more secure to hold the level in your hand. Rubberized pads protect against slipping and act as shock absorbers in the event of a level drop.

The building level is a control and measuring device, therefore, when buying it, it is necessary to check for the absence of factory defects and errors in the readings. To check the correct determination of the horizontal position, you can use a horizontal stand (available in large hardware stores).

If there is no stand in the store, you can put the level on any horizontal surface and turn it 180 degrees to check the position of the bubble. If it has not changed, then the level is correct. The correctness of the readings of a vertical bulb is checked by applying a level to a wall or other vertical surface. The unchanged position of the bubble indicates the serviceability of the flask.

More reliable and accurate are the levels in which the flasks are securely fixed. You should not buy models with screwed flasks, it is better to choose with tightly mounted ones. This is worth paying attention to, because over time the screws become loose and they constantly need to be tightened and the accuracy of the level checked.

In addition to the above design features of the fastening of the flasks, attention should also be paid to the quality of the fastening. If the flasks are not installed securely enough, then over time they will loosen and the level will become unusable.

When considering the prices of different types of levels, you should not opt for the cheapest options. Such building levels are short-lived, require constant adjustment, and may give incorrect readings. It is not worth saving on instrumentation, because the result of construction and repair work will depend on them.

If you decide to buy a laser level, then saving here is all the more inappropriate. Such things cannot be cheap, unless they are fake or defective. But here it is important to understand that if you need a level for a one-time work (for example, installing interior doors), then spending money does not make much sense.

Always keep your receipt! It may happen that you will determine the defect or inaccuracy of the acquired level only at home after some time. Most often this happens when you double-check the planes with different levels. Professional builders use a whole range of measuring instruments. Each of them is adapted for a certain type of work and conditions, and therefore it is impossible to call them interchangeable. They perfectly complement each other and "insure". Therefore, in order to be able to replace or return a low-quality level, keep the receipt.

We hope our advice will help you decide which build level to choose for your specific needs.

Pin it

The final result of the work of a number of industrial specialists depends on the accuracy of measuring instruments: a builder, a bricklayer, a carpenter, etc. The building level of various modifications is a simple but indispensable tool for any serious team or individual craftsman, which allows you to determine the accuracy of the location of horizontal and vertical surfaces. The history of the appearance of the first spirit level dates back to the second half of the 17th century, and the vertical plumb line is a well-known primitive prototype of later inventions.

The generally accepted classification for building levels:

Bubble (water level) - with flasks installed in a rigid case filled with liquid, and the presence of a floating air bubble in each flask;
Laser level - with fast and clear marking by a point of a laser beam of working surfaces;
Water level (hydro level) - the principle of operation is based on Pascal's hydrostatic law and checks the compliance of the planes of horizontal surfaces.

Despite all the obvious innovative advantages of the same laser level, skilled craftsmen never refuse to use a high-quality bubble level - this versatile tool that has stood the test of time.

The main characteristics of the building level

Measurement accuracy (from 0.3 mm / m, the longer the building level and the heavier it is, the higher the accuracy of its readings);
Impact resistance. As a rule, levels have a hollow body, but with walls of sufficient thickness;
Wide resistance to the slightest bending and torsion;
Measuring flasks with a high degree of transparency and resistance to discoloration, haze, cracking and leakage when exposed to low and high temperatures, as well as ultraviolet rays.

Device

A rigid monolithic, most often rectangular case with a milled bottom edge is made of light and durable materials (aluminum, polystyrene, plastic, wood) with an anti-corrosion coating. In the case, depending on the required accuracy, a certain number of transparent sealed glass flasks (level eyes) are securely fixed with an air bubble floating in a colored alcohol-containing liquid:

one flask - only for a horizontal guide (180 degrees);
two - for horizontal (180 degrees) and vertical guides (90 degrees);
three - for more complex work, with an additional third camera that controls the measurement of the angle of inclination (rigidly fixed at 45 degrees, or rotary - to measure any angle of the controlled surface).

In order to minimize errors in angular vision, limiting lines - risks - are applied on the surface of the measuring flasks. Eyes for checking the position of surfaces of the vertical plane and the angle of inclination have built-in mirror reflectors for simultaneous control of the position of the bubbles.

Plastic plugs at the ends of the level protect the structure in case of accidental drops.

Some level manufacturers also provide additional conveniences: for example, a built-in magnifying lens for more comfortable bubble control, magnetic systems or a fluorescent flask liquid for the possibility of continuing work even in the dark.

The principle of operation of the bubble building level is simple: measuring and adjusting surfaces relative to the horizontal and vertical planes occurs by moving the bubble inside a certain level eye. The result of the correct adjustment will be the presence of the bubble exactly in the middle between the measuring marks of the flask.

Building level. Which is better?

Having decided to purchase a building level, it will not be superfluous to familiarize yourself with some recommendations for choosing it:

Flask– must be securely fastened to the body. When buying, it is worth abandoning the level at which the flask is screwed with screws, because of which it can become loose over time. Flasks made of polyacrylic should be chosen, which is stronger than glass and more transparent than plastic.
Level length- it is necessary to take into account the type of work to be done, since the larger the working area, the longer the level should be chosen;
Defects- the building level is a measuring device, therefore, when buying a tool, you must make sure that there are no factory defects, as well as errors in the readings.

Housing material- the tool can be made of plastic, metal or wood. The most reliable and durable is, of course, the metal level, inside which there are stiffeners
markup- the best option is to place control strips inside the bubble itself. The divisions applied to the surface of the flask should be clear and located close to each other.

The run-up in the cost of building levels is quite diverse. At the same time, it is not worth asking for a choice of more economic models, especially if you need to use the tool repeatedly. If you have to carry out a thorough repair, then experts strongly recommend purchasing a professional tool. For him, a characteristic difference is the presence of a shock-resistant case with special rubber pads, which, during operation, are able to soften the blows from falls, etc.

In operation, it is better than others, the construction level of the famous German brand "Stabila" has proven itself. For such a tool, on average, you will have to pay from 700 to 1800 rubles. This measuring device is famous for such advantages as:

high-quality and stable reading of indications (high degree of measurement accuracy);
good ergonomic characteristics;
precision in the geometry of the aluminum profile housing.

In addition, this brand also produces magnetic building levels, which make it possible to work with electricity, and are equipped with special slots for marking switches and sockets.

In addition to "Stabila", another good option could be the building level of the company "Shark". The levels of this brand are good because they are not afraid of falls and bumps. Also, good models are produced by Ermak, Bosch or Kapro.. For example, the Kapro company constantly updates its models and often introduces the latest innovative solutions, releasing household and professional tools. The models of the German company Bosch are distinguished by high quality. A similar tool with Bosch models is also produced by the Russian company Condtrol, which is more affordable.

In the middle category of such instruments, it is worth highlighting the levels produced by the firms "Matrix", "Foreman" and "Stayer", which are distinguished by their special measurement accuracy and the optimal ratio of cost to quality.

However, when buying a building level, a well-known brand should not be a decisive aspect. The main thing is to decide on the type of future work and the frequency of using the tool.

180 degree method

You can check the accuracy of the level in the simplest way, called the 180 degree method:

It is necessary to put the building level tightly, without gaps, on a flat horizontal surface and remember the position of the bubble relative to the marks.
In the horizontal plane, turn the level 180 degrees and place it clearly on the same area.
In a qualitative and accurate level, the position of the bubble should remain the same.

In the same way, you can check the accuracy of the vertical readings.

Round bubble level

This kind of building levels is designed to control only horizontal surfaces and differs somewhat from the usual levels in the design of the body with the same principle of operation. The round level is a sealed hemispherical capsule made of impact-resistant glass with a fixed flask, inside which the position of the bubble is determined by a bounding round line.

The scope of the round bubble level is not only construction work and control of the degree of shrinkage of already rebuilt buildings. Such levels are widely used in photo and video shooting for strict adjustment of the horizontal position of the equipment tripod. The use of round levels is also very common when installing trade or control scales, as well as for constantly monitoring the stable horizontal position of stationary machines, industrial tools and even jewelry surfaces - for example, polishing wheels.

A round bubble level often has the possibility of local attachment to a controlled surface and a very low cost with high measurement accuracy. A knowledgeable person will appreciate this simple and necessary tool.

The ubiquity of levels

Whatever work you have to do (check the correspondence of the vertical and horizontal surfaces of the walls, floor and ceiling; install a washing machine without distortions, hang a bookshelf or a picture) - the simplicity and ease of use of the bubble building level will help you do it quickly and with the highest quality. Even in the presence of a laser level or a plane builder that is more complex in execution and principle of operation, the building level, unchanged in the arsenal of any master, will not remain idle.

The building level is a tool that detects the slope of surfaces. Suitable for indoor and outdoor use.

How they work

The algorithm of operation of any of them is reduced to the choice of the installation point and the place for measuring the level. The remaining options depend on the particular type of tool and can be combined.

The building level helps:

Determine the verticality or horizontality of a given surface - in order to establish a further scope of work and its necessity.
To find out in which direction the tilt occurred, in some models its exact size is also available.
Set clear guidelines when marking surfaces - before installing frames or furniture.
Calculate the volume of materials - for this, the arithmetic mean of the levels of different points on the same surface is used.
Determine a single level in different rooms - often required when installing ceilings or windows.

In low-rise construction or apartment renovation, manual tool variations are more often used. These are devices without complex electronics that do not require special skills. Professionals use several types at the same time.

Types and functions of building levels

hydraulic levels

The functioning of this type of instrument is based on the law of physics about communicating vessels. Structurally, hydraulic levels are two flasks connected by a transparent tube.

Peculiarities:

This is an accurate view of the levels, but it is important to keep the hose free of kinks and have good eyesight.
Suitable for checking slopes simultaneously in different rooms.
As a rule, they require pair work.

To bring the device into working condition, it is enough to fill it with water so that the upper meniscus of the liquid reaches the middle of both flasks, and no air bubbles remain in the tube.

Bubble building levels

Regardless of the size and design features, the principle of the device is the same. At least two flasks are built into the body of the level, where small air bubbles “float” in the liquid. Focusing on them, they check if there is a slope of the planes.

Peculiarities:

The liquid in most cases will be technical alcohol. Allows you to measure with an accuracy of 1 mm / m - this is the industry standard.
"Air" bubbles of solid acrylic suggest greater precision. Accuracy 0.5 mm/m.

Some models of bubble levels are equipped with flasks on a rotating base. This allows you to work with inclined planes. Profile shapes are in the form of a box, a trapezoid and with one measuring plane cast Shark (shark). Part of the tool is equipped with end elements that prevent breakage during falls.

Laser building levels

The convenience of this equipment lies in the non-contact use and in a large area of marking coverage.

Peculiarities:

The pendulum of devices is leveled after unlocking. It is desirable to set the base plane horizontally.
Manufacturers offer an additional mounting tripod, but its dimensions are not enough for marking at a height. In this case, a bar is used, which is fixed between the floor and another horizontal surface. The platform on which the tool is installed moves along it.
In bright light, the laser beam is not visible to the naked eye. To resolve the issue, glasses with glasses in the red color range are used.

Part of the laser levels produces static vertical and horizontal lines in a limited sector. An alternative option using a dot running in a circle allows marking from all sides simultaneously.

Magnetic building levels

Magnetic levels are visually indistinguishable from bubble levels. The difference is noticeable only on the lower ends. This option is equipped with magnets for easy work with metal surfaces.

Peculiarities:

Bar magnets are more commonly used in polymer levels, in combination with a V-groove for ease of use on pipelines.
Ceramic magnets or ferrites have been the industry standard in levels up until recent years.
Rare earth - most aluminum models now come with this type of magnet. They are up to 10 times stronger than ceramic.

This type of level is more often used for work related to the installation of frames for drywall, as it is conveniently attached to ceiling and rack profiles, leaving hands free.

Optical building levels

An optical level or level is used in industrial facilities or in the construction of houses. The kit includes a special tripod, without which the use of the instrument is unproductive. Installation comes down to mounting, focusing and centering.

Peculiarities:

Centering is needed for point-to-point measurements. It is carried out using a construction plumb line attached to the bottom of the tripod.
Focusing - the telescope is aimed at the rail, with the help of an adjusting screw, the clarity is adjusted. The eyepiece ring defines the reticle.

After adjustment, the height marks are taken. The collected data are summarized, their arithmetic mean is calculated. It will be the mark of the base from the horizon of the instrument.

Advantages

Each type has its own set of advantages:

hydraulic levels . They support measurements in different rooms, when the initial level is hidden by partitions or heavy structures. This functionality is not available in other models.
Bubble . Easy to install and use, light weight and dimensions. Possibility of use for measuring the level and at the same time checking the plane of the wall or floor.
Magnetic . Do not require additional fixation when working with metal. They have a full set of advantages of bubble models.
Laser . Supports simultaneous vertical and horizontal measurements. The coverage range is higher than any of the manual models. Automation of routine processes.
Optical . Applicability in open spaces, in the construction of roads and large facilities. Functionality, saving time and labor costs. When measuring at a distance, the accuracy does not decrease.

Problems

Disadvantages and inconveniences also depend on the type of tool:

Hydro. M obscure and difficult to use. The routine processes of filling, draining, unwinding and forcing out bubbles are time consuming. Not suitable for vertical planes.
Bubble . Often goes astray, adjustment is often not available. Not suitable for work over long distances and areas. In adjacent rooms, the correct level cannot be determined.
Magnetic . The same disadvantages as the bubble. Magnets often protrude from the plane of the rib - when measuring, fresh paint or putty can be damaged. Some models are less stable than bubble ones. Frequent failure of magnets is also a disadvantage.
laser . Requires a flat surface. The pendulum during transportation often fails. With distance, the diameter of the beam increases, which affects the accuracy. Plane measurements can only be made using optional accessories.
Optic . Adjustment is time consuming and requires skill. For domestic purposes, the functionality is redundant - neither the time costs nor the costs are justified.

How to choose a building level

For most types of levels, accuracy will be the defining indicator, so checking its correctness is important.

bubble and magnetic

The same design also implies uniform methods for assessing the correctness of indications.

To check a horizontal flask, you need:

Place the tool on a flat surface.
Make two marks: at the end of the level and along - near the horizontal ampoule.
Note the position of the air bubble.
Turn the spirit level 180° and set in the same place according to the previously made marks.
Check the position of the air bubble. Any difference in its position before and after the level flip indicates that the instrument is inaccurate.
Repeat the test even if the readings match.

To check a vertical flask, set the level on a door frame or a flat wall, further steps are similar to horizontal measurements.

Hydro

In this type of measuring instruments there are no structural details responsible for the accuracy of measurements, but there are nuances that should be considered when choosing:

The length of the hose - you should not choose it in reserve, because the extrusion of air bubbles and the straightening of the tubes can turn this advantage into a problem.
Pay attention to the tightness of the protective caps. Water should not pour out - this will interfere with work.
It is worth checking the integrity of the tube and the connections with the flasks.

An additional parameter is the flexibility of the hose, but it is difficult to evaluate it without having experience with this type of level.

laser

The choice of a laser level involves reconciliation of a number of indicators:

Measurement error - should not exceed 3 mm per 10 meters.
Self-alignment - test multiple models. The preferred option is the pendulum of which levels out faster than in analogues.
Range - marked as a radius or diameter. To avoid confusion, specify what type of distance is indicated. The laser is responsible for the same parameter. The 532nM green beam is suitable for most measurements.

In addition, the integrity of the instrument and the absence of mechanical damage are checked.

Optic

You need to choose a level taking into account the tasks ahead and the features of future use. They are divided into three classes: high-precision, basic and technical.

Peculiarities:

An air damper is suitable for outdoor applications, while vibration mode requires the use of a magnetic version.
To perform tasks in a limited space, the defining parameter should be the smallest sighting distance. For large objects, models with the maximum magnification range of the telescope are preferred.
Class I or II leveling at construction sites is usually not required, but it should be borne in mind that only high-precision instruments are capable of performing it.
It is easier to prepare a tool with a compensator for work due to the self-alignment of the sighting axis.

Which is better

The answers to these questions will help you choose the best type of tool for your current tasks.

What basic functions should the level perform?

The functionality of the bubble level will cover all the problems of household tiling, but it is impossible for them to correctly measure the level of ceilings in different rooms.
Laser - will save hours of work on marking walls for frames and wallpapers, but is not suitable for determining the correct level of the planes.
Optical - will support accurate calculations for laying tracks, leveling surfaces, but it will not work to hang shelves inside a kitchen cabinet.
Hydro - will help to perform a single marking of ceilings, but it is useless for mounting wall frames.

Where will it be used? Indoors, outdoors, or both?

Most of the electronic models are not designed to work outdoors or in aggressive environments (rain, snow).
Please note that in addition to the laser level, you will need an outdoor detector, as the beams will not be visible in daylight.

What is the required measurement accuracy?

Industrial lasers and levels have mechanical or digital counters, there is support for recording the angle of inclination in 0.01% increments. For less accurate measurements, basic models of hand tools are selected.

Are additional features needed?

A professional-grade tool, accessories necessary for comfortable work. But the functionality of household and industrial models may not have significant differences.

How to use the building level

Features of use depend on the type of tool. There are no single operating methods.

How to use the hydraulic level

Carefully unroll the tubes and fill the instrument with clean, running water through one of the flasks while holding the other one above. Try to fill without stopping so that there are no extra air gaps.
Check the correct filling - the tubes should be evenly convex. Drive the rest of the air bubbles with light clicks to the flasks until completely out. If done correctly, the risks will rise to the same height when measured. This can be checked by placing the flasks close to each other.
Lock the lids.
The next step is to work together. One person holds the flask, and the second goes with a hose to a place or room, the level of which needs to be compared with the current one.
When both are in place, the caps are removed from the flasks. It is important to do everything at the same time and at approximately the same height - otherwise there will be overflows.
One person holds the flask against a pre-made mark, making sure that the center of the meniscus of the water corresponds to it.
The partner carefully raises or lowers the flask, thereby adjusting the level of filling with water.
When everything is leveled, a level mark is made by the second participant.

Precautions: avoid kinks and mechanical damage to the hose.

How to use the bubble and magnetic level

Place the instrument on the surface of the object whose horizontality is to be checked.
If the air bubble is to the right of the line, the object is tilted down to the left.
If the bubble is to the left of the line, the object is tilted down to the right.

The vertical level is found by analogy.

Maintenance and care consist in the timely cleaning of the instrument, especially after measurements on wet plaster surfaces.

Precautions are limited to protecting the instrument from bumps and falls.

How to use the laser level

Place the instrument on a tripod or a flat surface.
If the model is manual, make sure the bubbles indicate the level. Otherwise, find the screws on the side and adjust them to the required correctness. Self-Leveling - Allow the tool to self-level after installation, typically 30 seconds.
Turn on the device. The device will emit a beam that reflects on surfaces. Depending on the type of laser level, it can be a dot, a line, or several horizontal or vertical intersections.

If the device has not been used for a long time or has been dropped, calibration will be required. Mounting on a rail or tripod is carried out using a clamp or clamps from the kit.

Precautionary measures:

do not look at the beam itself, do not direct it at children or animals;
do not use the tool in the rain;
do not carry with an unlocked pendulum - many models warn about this with a beep or laser blinking.

How to use the optical level

Before use, check the stability of the tripod. Tighten the mount with the tool. Make sure the foot screws are not too tight on the footing.

Alignment:

Hold the adjusting screws between your thumb and forefinger and turn them simultaneously in opposite directions. Observe the movement in the graduated flask.
The air bubble should be centered on the circular level window.
Centering on a point is carried out by a plumb line mounted on a tripod screw. Then the level is shifted along the head.
Centering is complete when the plumb bob is above the target point.

Focusing:

Aim the telescope at a sheet of paper or other light object.
Tighten the eyepiece until the desired sharpness appears - the sight should be clear.
With the tube pointed at the supplied rail, adjust the focus with the knob.
When properly adjusted, the scale of the leveling staff and the crosshair of the sight do not move one after the other.
After focusing, hold the level on a specific target.

Use the focus knob to add sharpness.

Precautions are the same as for laser models, but additional care must be taken when handling the lens.

Warranty

Standard warranty obligations exclude cases of mechanical damage.

Bubble, magnetic and hydro - related to hand tools. They rarely have warranties longer than 12 months. Most manufacturers do not provide detailed conditions for these types of tools.

Laser - depending on the manufacturer and the category of the tool (household or professional), a guarantee is provided from 1 to 3 years.

Optical - standard warranty period of one year. But the narrowness of the niche forces manufacturers to go to tricks. Some give a guarantee on the tool up to 25 years.

The warranty period can be counted from the date of purchase or shipment. In the second case, it is appropriate to clarify how much time the tool spent in the warehouse.

Faults and repairs

Different parts turn out to be weak links - their set depends on the type of tool.

Bubble and magnetic

The main problem is related to the loss of measurement accuracy.

Broken flask with bubble - the readings will no longer be accurate, the error can reach several cm per meter. In budget models, bulb adjustment is not provided - the tool is unsuitable for work with this malfunction. In other cases, tightening the screw fasteners or fixing clips will return the level to the correctness of the readings. During setup, calibration is performed in the same way as when selecting a tool.
Bent profile - this happens with bumps and falls. The tool cannot be repaired, it will no longer give accurate readings.
Crack in the protective glass of the flask - in models of a collapsible type, the part changes to an analogue. Solid cast levels in this case cannot be repaired.

Minor problems: breakage of protective pads and handles, falling off of magnets are corrected by replacing the obsolete part with a new one.

hydraulic levels

Malfunctions of hydraulic levels are reduced to three types:

Broken or cracked hose . Occurs as a result of mechanical damage or freezing of an instrument filled with water. As a temporary measure, you can seal it with a layer of nail polish and wrap it with electrical tape. Complete repair and replacement of the hose is often unprofitable - the costs are comparable to the acquisition of a new hydraulic level.
Cracks in flasks - temporary measures are similar to those presented in the previous paragraph, but instead of electrical tape there should be a transparent material in order to see the rizki. Replacement may not be required in mild cases. In serious cases, it is necessary to change, since the defect will affect the accuracy of the instrument.
Breakage or loss of protective caps is the simplest case. They can be replaced with plastic soda caps.

Laser

Correction is often impossible to perform independently due to the need for a special tool.

pendulum shift - the tool does not work correctly, with deviations in horizontal and vertical measurements. This happens after the device falls or is carried with an unlocked pendulum. Restoration will require an offset adjustment. Such damage is not covered by the warranty.
Beam does not burn - the malfunction is caused by a broken wiring or incorrect operation of the batteries. In the first case, you will need to remove the cover of the device and replace the flexible wiring going to the pendulum. In the second case, unclenching and stripping contacts or changing batteries is more often enough. Both options are self-repairable.
Instability of readings - as a rule, it will be necessary to change the suspension bearing. The case is rare, but guaranteed in the absence of mechanical damage.
Buttons don't work - there are several options for failure, of which only clogging of contacts can be repaired independently. The keyboard may not work as a result of frequent use in dusty environments. Clogged contacts will need to be cleaned mechanically. The procedure can be performed at home.

In difficult cases, the keyboard will need to be replaced. When the coating is membrane, it will not be possible to repair the device without special skills.

Optical

Problems of optical levels are solved systematically or by replacing parts. Repair with improvised tools is often not applicable.

Sticking compensator - to solve the problem, the standard calibration procedure is performed several times. In case of gross errors, service maintenance of the tool will be required.
Cracked lens or mirror . Purchase of a similar part is required. The optical lens can be replaced by yourself.
Adjustment is broken - you need to calibrate the device. The screw fastener is loosened, the plate with the grid is aligned. To do this, the horizontal thread is placed perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tool, and the vertical thread is set along the plumb line.

Problems in the operation of electronics, serious mechanical damage, repair of the platform or re-tightening of the torsion bars will require the intervention of specialists.

Manufacturers

Manufacturers are presented in different price categories. The correlation between prices and quality is often insignificant.

AD - manufacturer of diagnostic and measuring equipment. The company is multinational. Digital and shockproof level types, professional tool. Warranties are not specified. Website: www.adainstruments.com

Bosch - German manufacturer of equipment. Rotary, linear and point laser levels, digital levels. The tool is available in professional (blue) and home (green) formats. Standard warranty. Valid for 12 months from the date of purchase. In addition, a long-term promotion is taking place, within which warranty cases with mechanical confirmation of the tool are recognized. Website: www.bosch-professional.com

FIT - budgetary manufacturer of power tools. Torpedo and laser levels are available in the minimum configuration. The tool is certified, a network of service centers. Warranty terms not announced. Website: www.fit-instrument.ru

Kapro - an international manufacturer from Israel specializes in measuring instruments. Digital, magnetic, aluminum levels with an ergonomic design, comply with Russian standards, are certified. The warranty period is 12 months. Website: www.kapro.com

KRAFTOOL - manufacturer of professional hand tools. Magnetic, digital, foldout and box models available. Warranty and certification not announced. Website: kraftool-instrument.ru

Stabila - manufacturer from Germany. The company specializes in measuring instrument. The range includes 120 construction, including telescopic and special models. No warranty provided. Website: www.stabila.com

Stanley - hand and power tools, including measuring ones. Average price category. Certification provided. Plain and magnetic models are available. Warranty not stated. Website: www.stanleyrussia.com

Zubr - a budget manufacturer of household and professional tools, but measuring instruments are presented in the middle price category. Basic and enhanced models. Warranty not stated. Website: zubr-instrument.ru

Regular measurement and scrupulous control are the basis of all areas of construction. If a perfect result is needed in finishing or repair, it is necessary to mark and check the geometry of the structures. A normal owner will not hang a shelf or install a washing machine without measuring and control manipulations. They are carried out with the help of building levels used to comply with horizontal and vertical directions. These are devices and devices that differ in degree of complexity, cost, purpose. The home master should know which building level is better, what is useful or may not be needed on the farm.

The ancestors of building levels were the spirit level and plumb line, which have been used by builders for marking and control since ancient times. A plumb line is used to determine the verticals, the spirit level - horizontals.

The principle of operation of old uncomplicated devices is closely connected with the law of universal gravitation. The most important element of the simplest devices is a heavy steel blank with a cone-shaped tip. Under the action of gravity, the metal part steadily tends downward, repeating the vertical line without the slightest error. Actually, the blank is a plumb line, which is tritely hung on a cord or fishing line, if you need to find or verify the vertical direction.

In the spirit level, the plumb line is attached to the top of an equilateral triangle or to the highest point of the structure, shaped like an inverted letter T. Its own weight causes the blank to rush down, thereby clearly denoting the vertical line. The device is applied with its base to the surface to be tested. If the plumb line of the spirit level is not located exactly in the middle, i.e. does not repeat the central axis, then the surface cannot be considered horizontal.,

All types of building levels used today in construction perform similar functions. They are used for marking structures before pouring the screed, leveling and plastering walls, before installing plasterboard and suspended ceilings. Marking and verification devices are necessary when plumbing, window systems are produced.

According to their functional purpose, representatives of the family of building levels are divided into two groups:

Control devices. With their help, they check the quality of the masonry, the horizontality and verticality of the surfaces being constructed, mounted systems, communications, and devices. The control group includes bubble building levels, often referred to as spirit levels after their immediate predecessors.
Devices used for marking. With their help position of points concerning horizontals with verticals is defined, contours of the created surfaces are drawn. This group includes the simplest water levels, plumb lines, and a more complex and high-precision category - laser devices.

There is no universal building level. For example, in markup, the bubble type is a very weak helper, although a number of models have rulers with a millimeter scale. Its purpose is to display deviations from the horizontal. There is only one working face, the other three are auxiliary: it makes no sense to apply them to any surfaces.

The primitive plumb line can be used for both stakeout and control, but only for vertical lines. Site marking is best done with a laser level. True, the cost makes you think about the feasibility of acquiring an expensive device for a single job.

An antediluvian water level is indispensable if you need to beat off points at the same height in rooms separated by partitions. Before buying these devices and accessories, you should carefully consider the intensity of use and the rationality of costs. You need to weigh what tools you need to purchase and what is cheaper to rent.

In any case, you need to know exactly how to choose a building level, and clearly understand the scope of its application.

Bubble building levels

In the name of a simple control device, in addition to the “bubble” definition, “alcohol” or “oil” can equally appear on equal grounds. Among the people, depending on the shape of the hull, they are called "box" or "rail". It is a bar or rail with built-in ampoules filled mainly with liquid, partly with air.

The case is most often metal, less often plastic, but there are still outdated wooden options. Among the case materials, metal is the priority, because. polymers are not heavy enough and resistant to deformation, and wood products need increased attention, regular monitoring of readings and scrupulous care.

Regardless of the name, the principle of operation of bubble levels is the same. It is based on the difference in the specific gravity of liquid and gas, as well as the inability of substances with different aggregate states to mix. Simply put, no matter what position the building level would take, a light bubble of air will invariably end up at the top of a vessel slightly curved in the same direction. If it is set exactly in the middle, then the surface is perfectly horizontal.

The volume of the bubble does not change, this is prevented by a hermetically sealed ampoule-flask. It will not disintegrate into several components, because the liquid will constantly push the air up and group its disparate molecules into a single formation. To be sure, shake a tightly sealed jar of water. The small bubbles that appeared in it will soon disappear, and the distance between the lid and the surface of the liquid will remain the same.

Functional classification

The number of mounted flasks determines the functionality of the building level model, because the devices:

With one ampoule in the center of the working face to search for deviations in the horizontal direction;
With two ampoules: a central flask for checking horizontal lines and a side flask for checking vertical planes and lines;
With three ampoules, two of which, by analogy, are designed to check verticals and horizontals, and the third is used to control inclined lines and planes.

The third variety with three control flasks is universal. However, if the level is acquired only in order to qualitatively fill the screed or, there is no reasonable need for a third control device. It is in demand mainly in the construction of roofs and in the construction of stairs.

The sealed flask is filled with an alcohol or oil solution, the freezing point of which is significantly lower than that of ordinary water. Therefore, it became possible to work with a bubble building level at low temperatures. Solutions are tinted for clarity of perception. They are distinguished by less fluidity than water, due to which the air bubble in the flask moves with a agility sufficient for a calm visual fixation of its position.

Convenience and add-ons from manufacturers

The body of the building level is of the usual rectangular or tee section. The shape of the case does not affect the result of the readings at all, but it can be convenient or inconvenient for a particular human hand. Determining the ergonomics of a device is a purely personal matter, but it is advisable to carry out a crane before buying it. To test for convenience, you need to simply hold the tool in your hands, compare several options.

Among the options offered by manufacturers to facilitate work with the building level:

A magnifying lens that allows you to read instrument readings without tension;
The introduction of fluorescent components into the liquid to enable reading in low light conditions;
Rubberized gripper holes for improved usability;
Magnetic inserts on the edge applied to the tested surface for fixing on metal structures;
Rulers that allow simultaneously with checking verticals with horizontals to control geometric parameters.

Models of building levels are available with and without the listed additions. Nevertheless, the size of the ampoules, the pleasant brightness of the liquid and the clarity of the scale are rightfully recognized as the main convenience.

Those who want to buy a level with useful options should think about the possibility of using them. They will certainly increase the price of the instrument. Is it reasonable to overpay for something that is absolutely not necessary to solve the tasks already set or only planned?

Accounting for application prospects

Rack-and-pinion control devices are now also available in electronic form, but the demand for conventional bubble ones has not fallen at all. Simplicity captivates. After all, it has been proven by practice that the simpler the device, the more reliable and longer it serves the owner.

A simple device is easier to learn, easy to maintain, and almost never requires costly repairs.

To perform a variety of control operations, levels are produced in lengths from 0.4 m to 2.5 m. Depending on the brand, the spread can be in both directions from the specified limits. Thinking about the question of which building level of the bubble group is better to choose for domestic needs, you need to focus on your own needs and real prospects.

Please note that devices:

With a length of 2 m and more, they are designed to control the planes of ceilings and walls, to check the quality of screeds, leveling with plaster;
Lengths in the range of 1 - 2 m are used to check the evenness of brickwork, the geometric data of suspended and stretch ceilings;
With a length in the range of 0.4 - 1 m, they are suitable for arranging window and door openings, for installing and hanging a variety of household appliances, for performing various finishing and repair manipulations.

Do not forget that the place of storage of the building level with a length of more than 2m must be taken care of in advance. Remember that the error for long devices is much less than for short counterparts.

Noteworthy Aspects

It was not in vain that the simplicity of the design inspired vague thoughts about the possibility of serial production of fakes to the counterfeit sculptors. Checking the documents for products before purchasing will save you from offensive oversights and from buying "left" devices.

Products of domestic manufacturers must comply with the GOST 9416-83 protocol, devices from foreign manufacturers - with ISO 9001 regulations.

In addition to checking technical documents, the buyer of a bubble building level must:

Thoroughly examine the condition of the main elements of the device - ampoules with liquid;
Decide on the size of the devices and the color of the liquid;
Inspect fasteners. On sale there are models whose flasks are fixed with adjusting screws. Whether they are needed or not is debatable. According to experts, the levels should not be adjusted independently. The result of the efforts of ignorant people is too doubtful.
Investigate the clarity of the application of the metric scale and divisions of the protractor, if there is an ampoule to control the angular directions;
Test ergonomics, i.e. hold in your hands;
Check the condition of the hull.
Check the accuracy of the readings.

Most specialty stores have stands with a perfectly horizontal surface.

Let's say you're buying a level from a newly opened outlet or online store. In such situations, the accuracy of the readings of the control device is checked as follows:

Let's find a horizontal platform on which the tested level can freely fit. Without instrumental definitions, it should appear almost flat;
We apply the tool to the surface. With a marker or pencil, we outline the contour of the corners so that the level can be put back in the same place.
We fix and remember the position of the bubble. We note how much he deviated from the risks.
We turn the level 180º and set it according to the marks made earlier.
Fix the position of the bubble. If he took a similar position, there was no doubt about the accuracy of the instrument. If not, check a couple more devices.

The ampoule responsible for the verticals is checked by an identical method, but on a vertical plane. Even among the people there is a way of applying two spirit levels to each other with working faces. The position of the bubbles according to this method must be the same, otherwise one of the devices is blatantly lying.

There are also tips according to which, to check the rack device, a horizontal line is beaten off with a water level or a laser level, the principle of operation of which should also be studied.

The simplest water level

The device consists of two flasks of equal volume, interconnected by a flexible thin hose. It is used in the marking of horizontal lines, if the layout needs to be done in different rooms or at large distances. Those. where the use of a laser level is impossible, unprofitable or pointless.

The principle of operation of an elementary device is based on the law of communicating vessels. The water level in both communicating vessels will always be at the same absolute mark, for fixing which there are risks on the flasks.

The use of a water device allows you to correctly beat off the horizontal lines, regardless of the actual position of the surfaces of the floor, ceiling, parapet, etc. No digital device has yet been able to replace it. Note that the reference horizon is beaten off by the water level, from which the heights indicated by the project are then deposited. With its help, they do not directly mark future planes formed by a false ceiling, lags or, installation points for plumbing fixtures, etc.

To mark the water level, we will invite an assistant, we will act as follows:

On the wall we mark an arbitrary point at a distance from the floor, convenient for marking;
We apply one of the flasks to the point, fix and remember at what mark the water level has been established;
We send an assistant to the desired point. Moving his flask up/down along the wall, he must find a position in which the water level will be set at an equivalent level.

Significant advantages of the device: low cost, simple operation and accuracy. Disadvantages: the inability to break down at negative temperatures, limited use, the need to wait for the moment the level is established in both flasks.

Advanced laser devices

Buying a laser level for domestic use is considered unprofitable. Why do you need a completely expensive device if the markup can be done using a water level and a ruler? However, for owners who have decided to seriously equip their country estates, a laser device will certainly come in handy. It will help to lay out open areas and indoor areas, ensure the accuracy of vertical and horizontal lines, and, if necessary, mark entire planes in the cultivated space.

A variety of models of laser devices are used in construction: from compact pocket devices with a built-in laser pointer to ultra-complex multiprism devices that allow marking in three mutually perpendicular planes.

The miniature version is ideal for everyday household needs and cosmetic repairs. To perform in-depth redevelopment, cardinal leveling of surfaces, laying pipelines, it is advisable to acquire a serious laser level that is installed in a stationary position on a tripod or on a wall bracket.

Most of the lasers used in construction only target verticals and horizontals. Some of the new modifications are equipped with the function of splitting inclined lines, which are required in the construction of stairs, for example. Instructions for use are simple, manufacturers attach a detailed description to the device. The optimal color of the laser beam is green, because. it does not irritate the eyes, and is also perfectly readable in a brightly lit room and in an open area in sunny weather.

Videos with a detailed explanation of how to correctly select the right device will help to finally clarify the issue.

Overview of bubble variety devices:

Bubble Level Accuracy Test:

Analysis of compact laser levels:

Let's summarize. The rack-type building level with bubble "sensors" is not used for marking. With its help, the horizon and verticals of structures under construction and restoration are checked. The breakdown of the premises and the construction site is performed by laser devices. If the laser is not available at a cost, marking is done with a good old plumb line paired with a water level. There is no universal device, each of them performs its own functions.