For cable structures. Power cable design. Cable shelves models K1160-K1164

Publication date: 09/13/2018

What is cable structures?

Cable structures are load-bearing structures, these include: cable boxes, cable trays, sections, cable racks, consoles, scarves, tees, adapter brackets and other elements designed for laying power and control cables in the open air, inside buildings and energy facilities facilities, including nuclear power plants in the Russian Federation.

What are cable structures made of?

Cable structures are made of bent profiles of increased rigidity. Perforation provides not only ease of installation of structures and fastening of cables, but also their ventilation when heated, as well as rapid detection and elimination of fires on cable routes (including the use of automatic fire extinguishing). Perforation makes it possible to decontaminate cable routes at nuclear power plants and wash off dust from cables in conditions of especially dusty industries (pulverized coal production, woodworking plants, etc.).

Benefits of using

The use of bent profiles of increased rigidity allows, with a low metal consumption, to provide a large load capacity and increased structural strength. Thanks to the zinc coating, these structures can be used in both cold and maritime tropical climates.

A wide range of cable structure elements is provided, which allows:

install cable routes of any configuration without welding;
separate cable systems for fire extinguishing, communications, etc. from the main cable flows in compliance with all norms and rules for the joint laying of cables for various purposes on the same cable structures.

Type of climatic modification - U2. Т1 in accordance with GOST 15150. Nominal values of environmental climatic factors in accordance with GOST 15150. Other types of climatic modification are allowed upon agreement with the customer.

Before laying cables, mark the route of the laying and strengthen the fastening structures. Pipes are placed in places of passages through walls and ceilings. If cable segments, together with couplings and end fittings, are prepared according to measurements centrally in workshops, then instead of pipes, openings are left for the subsequent installation of detachable ones; protective covers.

Paper and plastic insulated cables passing through the walls and ceilings of buildings can contribute to the spread of fire.

To protect against the passage of fire from one room to another, passages through walls and ceilings are sealed after installation with non-combustible materials. So that the passages can be easily released in the event of a cable change, easily punched solutions are used, for example, cement grade 300 - 500 s sand 1:10 by volume, or clay with sand 1:3 by volume, or clay with cement and sand 1.5:1:11 by volume.

Cable entries into buildings are usually part of the cable line, and only in some cases (cramped places) cable entries into buildings are made from the nearest

overhead lines. Figure 60 shows the head of a reinforced concrete support V L 0.4 kV (terminal), from which cable entry is made. In addition to the cable end mast for a four-wire cable (4 KM), arresters for protection against atmospheric surges (RVN-0.5) and an outdoor lighting lamp (SPO-200) are also installed here.

The grounding conductor of the cable box is connected to the upper grounding terminal of the support (strut and strut), and the lower grounding terminals of the support - to the grounding conductor mounted in the ground. The cable is lowered into the ground along the strut, strengthened

Rice. 60. Installation of a cable box on the end reinforced concrete support of a 0.4 kV overhead line: 1 - support post; 2 - ground conductor; 3 - arrester RVN-0.5; 4 - branch clamp; b - cable box 4KM; 6 - loop ram clamp.

brackets and protected at an accessible height with a steel pipe.

Cable entries into buildings from trenches can have different designs depending on local conditions (Fig. 61). If significant soil subsidence is not expected at the cable entry points, then the cable stock can be left either in a horizontal or vertical plane.

The cable stock (approximately 1 m) is laid in an incomplete loop. The bending radius must not be lower than that allowed for this brand of cable. The value of the temporary elevation of the backfill above the planning mark, the reserve of the cable, the thickness of the backfill is taken based on local conditions and depending on the possible amount of subsidence of the soil. The depth of the cable at the entry points to the buildings must be at least 500 mm.

The diameter of the pipe is chosen depending on the thickness of the cable, and the length of the pipe is determined by the thickness of the wall.

To protect against strong subsidence of the soil, they lay
reinforced concrete slab (Fig. 61, b). Hole width in
wall (dimension A): 500 mm for one cable and 650 mm for
two cables. Plate width 500 and 650 mm respectively
(the size).

Rice. 61. Entering cables from trenches into the building:

a - with small expected plantings of soil; b - with significant subsidence of the soil; 1- power cable; 2- slabs or bricks (cable protection); 3- fine earth or sand; 4- sand without admixture of clay and stones; 5 - pipe seal; 6- - concrete grade 100; 7 - waterproofing 8 - pipe; 9 - reinforced concrete slab; A - the width of the hole in the foundation; B - plate width.

When mounting a cable entry to a shield or shield installed directly on the wall of the building through which the input is made, the cable is passed through a curved pipe. Figure 62 shows the designs of such inputs to buildings with wooden block and chopped walls. For buildings with brick and reinforced concrete, as well as with frame-backfill walls, the input device differs only in the way it is attached to the walls (brackets on dowels or wood screws).

The diameter and length of the pipes are determined by the thickness of the cable, the thickness of the walls, the height of the floor. The smallest bending radius of the pipes is selected according to the brand of cable with the expectation that the cable pulled into the pipe has a bending steepness within the allowable range (Fig. 55). For example, for the passage of unarmored cables with rubber insulation, the pipe must be bent with a radius equal to at least six pipe diameters, and for cables with plastic or paper normally impregnated core insulation, armored or unarmoured, with a radius equal to fifteen diameters. For a cable up to 20 mm thick, lay a pipe with an inner diameter of 25-30 mm; and for a cable up to 30, 40 mm, respectively, pipes with a diameter of 50, 70 mm.

Rice. 62. Options for cable entry from trenches into buildings

when the inlet shield is located in the building on the outer wall:

1 - power cable; 2 - cable protection (plates or bricks); 3 - seal, pipes; 4 - fine soil or sand; 5 - bushing; 6 - bracket; 7 - protective pipe 1.3 m long; 8 - coupling with a grounding nut; 9 - input pipe; A - size from the floor, equal to 1500 mm for wall-mounted shields or 150 mm for floor-mounted shields.

The places where the cable exits the pipe are sealed with cable yarn soaked in oil. If there is no cable yarn, then steel pipes can be sealed with cement. If asbestos-cement pipes are used to pass through the walls, they can be sealed with tow impregnated with bitumen. Pipe ends are sealed with yarn over a length of 300 mm, with cement over a length of 60 mm, and with tow over a length. 150 mm. When the groundwater level is low, clay can be used to wet the yarn (cable or hemp). -

The wall at the outlet of the pipe to the outside is covered with coating waterproofing or covered with hydrophobic sand or hydrophobic clay. In dry soils, the hydrophobic layer can be replaced by a layer of clean, doughy clay mashed with water.

Instead of pipes, profile metal can be used to protect the cable when it is pulled out of the trench to the wall,

Rice. 63. The output of the cable from the trench to. building wall with channel protection:

1- power cable; 2 - protection of bricks or slabs; 3 - channel; 4 - bracket.

for example, a channel (Fig. 63). Distance between cables (size BUT) 60 mm should be taken for cable thickness up to 20 mm, 70 mm for cable thickness up to 30 mm and 100 mm for cable thickness over 30 mm. The channel can be bent from 3 mm thick sheet steel. The following are the dimensions of the channel, depending on the thickness of the cable:

Cable thickness, mm Channel dimensions (channel width shelf width) for one cable, mm. Channel dimensions. and for two cables, mm

Up to 20 - Over 20 Over 30 32X32 50X50 60x60

80x32 120x50 160x60

When reconstructing air inlets of 0.4 kV overhead lines into buildings and replacing them with cable ones using existing passages in the walls of buildings, the input structure shown in Figure 64 is used.

Cable glands, if they are well made and properly maintained, are more reliable than air ones, since they are not affected by wind and ice, they cannot be closed by a wire throw, damaged when snow is thrown from the roof. They are safer, since all current-carrying parts are hidden under the shell.

Figure 64. Cable entry into the building when replacing the air entry, using existing passages in the walls of buildings:

1- power cable; 2 - bracket; 3 - funnel; 4 - sleeve

But it must be remembered that the cable insulation must always be high, and metal sheaths and protective coatings must be reliably grounded.

Inside the building, cables are laid both openly (at a height of at least 2 m) and in the floors - in specially laid pipes, as well as in special trays or channels with a large number of cables. Between the walls and columns of buildings, as well as under canopies, cables can be suspended on cables.

Cables laid horizontally in the building are rigidly fixed at the turns of the route and at the couplings. Cables laid vertically are fixed in such a way that there is no deformation of the sheath and connections under the influence of weight on the cable.

The cables protect against heat radiation from various heat sources and from the direct action of sunlight, with the exception of the northern regions (geographic, latitude more than 65 degrees), where protection from solar radiation is not required. The bare sheaths of the cable are protected at the attachment points by elastic pads. If a cable with a jute cover is laid in a trench and brought into the building, then the jute cover is removed on the cable section inside the building.

The pipes through which the cable is led out of the building must be sloped towards the trench and sealed to prevent water from entering the building.

For the purpose of fire safety inside buildings, cables without external combustible sheaths or covers (for example, jute) are used.

On wooden structures, cables are laid with a gap from the bases to the cable of at least 50 mm. There must be gaps between cables in a bare aluminum sheath and concrete and brick plastered walls. If such walls are painted with oil paint, then the cables can be laid without gaps. If there is a danger of mechanical damage during operation, then armored cables or protection with boxes, angle steel, pipes are used. With a laying height of unarmored cables of less than 2 m, such protection is always required.

Dismantling the cable line:

Remove the fertile layer in a separate place. Remove barren soil. Remove brick. Remove sand pad. Remove the cable from the trench and the sleeve in the wall.

Inside cable structures (premises), cables are laid on steel structures of various designs. A cable structure is a room specially designed for placing cables, cable and other equipment in it, designed to ensure normal operation.

General principles for laying cable lines

Cable structures include cable tunnels, channels, boxes, blocks, shafts, floors, double floors, cable racks, galleries, chambers, feed points.

Cable structures must be separated from other rooms and neighboring cable structures by fireproof partitions and ceilings.

With the same partitions, extended tunnels should be divided into compartments no longer than 150 m when laying power and control cables and no more than 100 m with oil-filled cables. In cable structures, measures must be taken to prevent the ingress of process water and oils into them, and soil and storm water must also be drained.

Inside cable structures, cables are laid on steel structures of various designs. Cables of large cross sections (aluminum with a cross section of 25 mm2 or more, copper with a cross section of 16 mm2 or more) are laid directly on the structures.

Power cables of smaller cross sections and control cables are laid in trays (welded or perforated) or in boxes that are mounted on cable structures or on walls. Laying in trays is more secure and has a better appearance than open laying on structures.

Cable structures, with the exception of overpasses, wells for couplings, channels and chambers, must be provided with natural or artificial ventilation.

Ventilation devices are equipped with dampers to stop air access in case of fire, as well as to prevent the tunnel from freezing in winter.

When laying cables indoors, overheating of the cables should be prevented due to an increase in the ambient temperature and the influence of process equipment (laying cables near the oil pipeline, above and below oil pipelines and pipelines with combustible liquid is not allowed). In the floor and interfloor ceilings, cables are laid in channels or pipes. It is forbidden to lay cables in ventilation ducts, as well as openly in stairwells.

Cable crossings of passages must be carried out at a height of at least 1.8 m from the floor.

Rules for laying cables in cable tunnels

Cable tunnels (and collectors, in which pipelines are also laid), are recommended to be built in cities and enterprises with dense development of the territory or when the territory is highly saturated with underground utilities, as well as in the territories of large metallurgical, machine-building and other enterprises. Cable tunnels are constructed, as a rule, with the number of cables being laid from 20. Tunnels usually serve as trunk tunnels.

Rectangular cable tunnels are designed for two-sided and one-sided laying of cables and come in pass-through and semi-passage versions.

With a large number of cables, tunnels and rectangular collectors can be three-walled (double). In table. 5.6 shows the main dimensions of rectangular tunnels.

The use of semi-passage tunnels is allowed in places where underground communications prevent the passage tunnel from being completed; at the same time, a semi-through tunnel is accepted with a length of not more than 15 m and for cables with a voltage of not more than 10 kV.

The width of the passages in cable tunnels and collectors must be at least 1 m, however, it is allowed to reduce the width of the passages to 800 mm in sections no longer than 500 mm.

Long cable tunnels and collectors are divided along the length by fire-resistant partitions into compartments no longer than 150 m long with doors installed in them. The laying of cables in collectors and tunnels is calculated taking into account the possibility of additional laying of cables in the amount of at least 15%.

With double-sided arrangement of cable structures, control cables should be placed, if possible, on the opposite side from the power cables. With one-sided arrangement of structures, control cables should be placed under power cables and separated by a horizontal partition.

Power cables up to 1 kV should be laid under the cables voltage above 1 kV and separate them with a horizontal partition. It is recommended to lay different groups of cables (working and reserve voltages above 1 kV) on different shelves with their separation by horizontal fireproof partitions. As partitions, it is recommended to use asbestos-cement pressed unpainted slabs with a thickness of not less than 8 mm.

The use of unarmored cables with a polyethylene sheath in cable tunnels is prohibited according to fire safety conditions.

Cables laid horizontally along the structures are rigidly fixed at the end points, at the turns of the route, on both sides of the cable bend, at the connecting and end terminations. Cables laid vertically along structures and walls are fixed on each cable structure. In places of fastening between unarmored cables with a lead or aluminum sheath, metal supporting structures and a metal bracket, gaskets made of elastic material (rubber sheet, polyvinyl chloride sheet) with a thickness of at least 2 mm must be laid, protecting the sheath from mechanical damage. Unarmored cables with a plastic sheath can be fastened with brackets (clamps) without gaskets.

The metal armor of cables laid in tunnels must have an anti-corrosion coating.

Rules for laying cable in channels

Cable laying in cable channels are widely used. Cable channels are made standard from prefabricated reinforced concrete elements or from monolithic reinforced concrete (Fig. 5.7). In industrial premises, the channels are blocked with slabs at the floor level.

When passing outside buildings in unprotected areas, the channels are laid underground at a depth of at least 300 mm, depending on the loads that may occur on the route.

If the territory is protected, then semi-underground channels with natural or artificial ventilation are used. But such channels should not interfere with transport communications and should not be combined with the general layout of the territory of the enterprise, since the level of overlap of such channels rises above the planning mark by 50 ... 250 mm.

Cables in the channels are laid on structures of various designs; laying along the bottom of the channel is also possible. The number of cables in the channel can be different and depends on the diameters of the cables and the brand of the typical channel; up to 50 ... 60 power cables can be placed in channels of maximum dimensions. If it is necessary to lay a large number of cables, it is possible to use double or three-walled channels, but this complicates the implementation of branches to individual consumers.

The method of laying cables in the channels allows for inspection and repair of cable lines during operation, as well as laying a new or replacing an existing cable without excavation.

When laying cables in channels, their reliable protection against mechanical damage is ensured.

In table. 5.7 shows the main dimensions of unified cable channels (designations B, B, H in Fig. 5.7).

The main straight tray channels, ceilings to them, as well as the main elements of prefabricated channels have a length of 3 m. 3×240 mm2, with cable bending radius R = 25d.

In areas where molten metal, liquids with high temperatures or substances that destroy the cable sheaths can be spilled, the construction of cable channels is not allowed.

Cable ducts outside buildings should be covered with earth over removable slabs with a layer thickness of 300 mm or more. In fenced areas accessible only to service personnel, for example, at substations, backfilling of cable channels over removable plates is prohibited.

Backfilling of power cables laid in channels is prohibited. The location of cables on structures, depending on the size of the channels, can be:

on one wall of the channel on suspensions;
on one wall of the channel on the shelves;
on both walls on suspensions;
on one wall of the channel on hangers, on the other wall on shelves;
on both walls of the channel on the shelves;
at the bottom of the channel with a depth of not more than 0.9 m.

Cable channels should be calculated taking into account the possibility of additional laying of cables at least 10% of those laid. The horizontal clear distance between the structures with their two-sided arrangement (passage width) must be at least 300 mm for channels up to 600 mm deep and at least 400 mm for channels with a depth of 900 and 1,200 mm.

Electrical wiring is an integral part of electrical power and lighting networks of alternating and direct current with a voltage of up to 1 kV. Depending on the designs of conductors, the characteristics of the premises and the environment, conductors are laid in various ways: openly on insulating supports or directly on building foundations and structures, in pipelines, on steel trays, in steel boxes, along tensioned steel cables and strings, and also hidden in structural elements of buildings.

According to the accepted method of laying conductors, electrical wiring is divided into open and hidden. In industrial buildings, in order to generally reduce the cost of work and save metal, it is recommended to use open tubeless wiring or replace steel pipes with non-metallic ones.

For open pipeless wiring, unprotected insulated wires and unarmored cables are used, so the routes of such wiring at their location must ensure the safety of the wiring from possible damage. Under normal operating conditions, indoor wiring is considered sufficient protection. at a height of at least 2.0 ... 2.5 m from the mark of the clean floor or service platform and at a height of at least 3.5 ... 6.0 m from the ground level outside the premises. In necessary cases, open wiring is protected from touch and mechanical damage with special boxes or pipes.

Open wiring takes up a lot of space and increases the fire hazard, worsens the appearance of buildings and premises, but in general they are much more economical than hidden wiring. Hidden electrical wiring is carried out in the structural elements of buildings, in walls, floors, ceilings, special channels. Office, office, residential premises are now carried out only by hidden wiring.

Rules for laying cable in trays

When the number of wires and cables laid along common routes in industrial premises is very large, it is advisable to use cable laying on trays. Trays are designed for:

open laying of cables in dry, damp and hot rooms;
premises with a chemically active environment;
fire hazardous premises for laying wires and cables allowed for such premises;
cable half-floors and basements of electric machine rooms;
passages behind shields and panels of control stations and transitions between them;
technical floors of buildings and structures.

This electrical power sewerage system is highly flexible, greatly facilitating installation and operation. Tray wiring provides good cooling conditions for the cables, provides great savings and reduces the cost of work compared to other types of wiring.

The trays create free access to the cables throughout their length. If necessary, the cables can be easily removed and replaced by others; at the same time, you can change their number, section, brand, and also the route.

When using trays, it is easier to carry out wiring on complex routes, it is possible to arrange a branch on any section of the route of the tray line.

Trays are made of steel profiles and strips. Two types of trays are used: welded (length 2; 2.5 and 3 m, width 400, 200, 100 and 50 mm) and from perforated strips (length 2 m, width 50 and 105 mm). Trays of both types are equipped with connecting corners and bolts for connecting the trays into a trunk. Individual trays and tray lines can be positioned horizontally, vertically and obliquely.

Cables on trays should be laid in one row.

Unarmored cables with voltage up to 1 kV with a cross section of conductors up to 25 mm2 are allowed to be laid in trays in multilayer, bundles and single-layer without gaps. The height of the layers of cables laid in multilayer should be no more than 150 mm. The height (diameter) of the beam should be no more than 100 mm. The distance between bundles of power cables must be at least 20 mm; the distance between bundles of control cables, as well as power and control cables, is not standardized.

Fastening cables laid in trays on straight sections of the route is not required when the trays are installed horizontally; at any other location of the trays, the cables are attached to the trays with an interval of no more than 2 m.

Rules for laying a cable on a cable

In cases where other types of cable laying cannot be applied for technological, structural or economic reasons, cable laying on cables (on a steel rope) is used. The laying of power cables on cables is used in networks with a voltage of up to 1 kV, both indoors (workshops) and outside them. Cable wiring on cables indoors is carried out along columns along and across the building, as well as between walls, and outdoors - as a rule, between the walls of buildings.

For power lines laid on a cable, the same cables are used as for laying inside buildings and structures. Cables laid outside buildings, including under open sheds, must have a protective non-combustible outer coating.

The choice of cable is made depending on the bearing load.

Ropes woven from galvanized steel wires and hot-rolled galvanized steel wire are used as a carrier cable.

The distance between the anchor fastenings of the carrying cable should be no more than 100 m.

The distance between intermediate fasteners should be no more than 30 m when laying one or two cables with a cross section of up to 70 mm2, 12 m when laying more than two cables with a cross section of 70 mm2 and in all cases of laying cables with a cross section of 95 mm2 or more. The distance between cable hangers should be 0.8…1.0 m.

Anchor end structures are attached to building walls or building columns; fastening them to beams and trusses is not allowed.

Rules for laying cables on overpasses and galleries

Flyovers and galleries are an alternative to tunnels and blocks; functionally, they have the same purpose - to organize large cable flows and protect them from mechanical and other damage.

Laying cables with voltage up to 10 kV with a cross section up to 240 mm2 on overpasses and in galleries is used for main and intershop electrical networks in the territories of industrial enterprises.

The use of special cable racks is recommended as the main type of cable laying in the territories of chemical and petrochemical enterprises, where the possibility of spilling substances that are destructive to cable sheaths is possible, at enterprises where the groundwater level is close to the surface.

It is allowed to use technological racks for combined laying of pipelines and cables. The main types of cable racks are impassable reinforced concrete, metal and combined.

Impassable overpasses are used for:

laying up to 16, 24 and 40 cables with spans between supports of 6 m,
for laying 24 and 48 cables - 12 m;

One and two-section flyovers - for laying up to 64 and 128 cables with spans of 6 and 12 m.

The vertical distance between the shelves on impassable overpasses is 200 mm, on walk-throughs - 250 mm.

The horizontal distance between the shelves is 1 m, but it can be increased when developing a specific project, taking into account the load-bearing capacity of cable structures. When laying cables in an aluminum sheath with a cross section of 50 mm2 or more, the distance between cable structures is allowed up to 6 m.

The cable sag between structures should be 0.4 m.

For laying on overpasses, cables without an external combustible cover, having anti-corrosion protection, or with an external protective cover made of non-combustible material, should be used.

In cable tunnels, channels, shafts and industrial premises, cables are laid along cable structures and in boxes. Cable structures, boxes and fasteners necessary for laying and fastening cables are produced by industrial enterprises of Glavelektromontazh.

Prefabricated cable structures consist of racks with special holes in which consoles are installed, made with and without perforation. Prefabricated cable structures are intended for direct laying of armored cables over them. When laying unarmored cables on prefabricated cable structures, solid fireproof partitions made of asbestos-cement boards under metal cable trays should be laid.

Cable ducts are produced in the KP and KKB series. Boxes of the KP series (Fig. 5) are used for multilayer laying of control cables under and above service platforms in the main building and auxiliary facilities of power plants, as well as in galleries along overpasses and in cable floors. The set of boxes includes straight, angled and tee sections, which makes it possible to assemble any cable route from them. The gearbox box section consists of a body, a cover and fasteners.

Boxes block series KKB (Fig. 5) are used for joint laying of power and control cables both inside the main building and auxiliary structures, and across the territory of power plants and outdoor switchgear. The boxes have an angle steel frame and a steel sheet lining. Cable consoles are installed inside the boxes. For the possibility of completing the cable route, elements of straight and corner boxes are produced.

Installation of cable structures should be started after the completion of plastering, whitewashing and painting of walls and building structures along which the cable route passes.

To fasten cable structures along the entire length of the cable route, 50x5 mm guide strips are laid from strip steel, two in number for tunnels and channels 900 and 1200 mm high and one for channels less than 900 mm high. These strips are also used as grounding lines and therefore must be securely welded along the entire length and connected along the route in two places to a common ground loop. The guide strips are welded to the embedded parts or attached to the building base with dowels fired with a mounting gun.

Fig 5. Left KP series box: 1-pin; 2 - cover; 3 - clamping bar; 4 - gasket; 5 - box body; 6 - cables or wires; 7 - cable structure bracket: 8 - insulating tube; 9-nut: 10-pillar On right- Cable boxes of the KKB series: a - box assembly; b - self-supporting span of the box; 1.2-corner box for horizontal rotation by 225 ° type KKB-UGN; 3 - direct type KKB-P; 4. 5 - angular type KKB-UN; 6 - direct type KKB-PO

Prefabricated cable structures are welded to the guide strips vertically and at the same height so that the corresponding shelves of all structures are on the same straight line. The distance between cable structures is maintained within 800-1000 mm. In places where the cable route turns, the distance between the structures is chosen so that the permissible bending radius of the cables is maintained.

Metal trays are installed over cable structures when unarmored cables are laid through them. Trays are attached to structures with bolts or wedges or welded by electric welding. The connection of the trays is also carried out by bolts or welding. On the vertical sections of the cable route, the distance between the supporting structures should be no more than 2 m for cables of all brands, except for unarmored cables with rubber insulation of small sections, for which this distance should be no more than 0.7 m.

KP series cable ducts are installed on cable shelves, brackets or suspended on cables. The connection of the duct sections and the continuous earthing circuit are carried out by means of bolts or by welding. Boxes of the KKB series are self-supporting and can be attached to the supports assembled in blocks with a distance between the supports from 3 to 12 m. To increase fire safety, fire barriers are provided in the boxes KP and KKB. The boxes must be grounded in each room at least in two places.

Staples, buckles and other parts are used to fasten cables to structures.

Routing

Installation of cable structures

General requirements. 4
The procedure for the production of works. 5
The need for machines and mechanisms, technological equipment and materials. 7
The composition of the brigade by profession.. 7
Solutions for labor protection, industrial and fire safety. eight
Scheme of operational quality control. thirteen
Work production schemes. fifteen
Reference list. 17

1. General requirements

The technological map was developed for the implementation of a set of works on the installation of cable structures (racks, shelves, boxes, trays, pipes) for electrical work during the construction of an object

The technological map has been developed in accordance with the requirements of the following regulatory and technical documentation:

SNiP 12-03-2001. Labor safety in construction. Part 1 General requirements;
SNiP 12-04-2002. Labor safety in construction. Part 2 Building production;
SP 12-136-2002. Labor safety in construction. Solutions for labor protection and industrial safety in projects for the organization of construction and projects for the production of works;
SP 126.13330.2012 Geodetic works in construction. Updated edition of SNiP 3.01.03-84;
SP 45.13330.2012 Earthworks, bases and foundations. Updated edition of SNiP 3.02.01-87;
SP 48.13330.2011 Organization of construction. Updated edition
SNiP 12-01-2004;
OR-91.200.00-KTN-108-16 "Procedure for the implementation of construction control of the customer when performing construction and installation works at the facilities of organizations of the Transneft system."
OR-91.040.00-KTN-109-16 “Requirements for quality services of construction contractors at the facilities of organizations of the Transneft system”.
OR-91.010.30-KTN-111-12 "Procedure for the development of projects for the production of work for the construction, technical re-equipment and reconstruction of objects of main oil pipelines and oil product pipelines."
RD-93.010.00-KTN-011-15 Main pipeline transportation of oil and oil products. Construction and installation work performed on the linear part of the main pipelines
OR-91.200.00-KTN-201-14 Main pipeline transport of oil and oil products. The procedure for organizing and exercising construction control over compliance with design decisions and the quality of construction of underwater crossings MN and MNPP
RD-35.240.00-KTN-178-16 Requirements for the installation of equipment for automated process control systems

2. The procedure for the production of works

General technical requirements.

Prior to installation, it is necessary to carry out a set of organizational and technical measures and preparatory work:

1) organization of a team of workers;

2) appointment of a person responsible for the quality and safe performance of work (foreman, foreman);

3) providing workers with the necessary equipment, tools, inventory, fixtures, overalls and footwear in accordance with established standards;

4) provision of workplaces with first aid equipment, drinking water, fire fighting equipment;

5) inspection and testing of power tools;

6) delivery of equipment to the construction site.

All materials must comply with the requirements of regulatory documents and specifications.

The progress of work during the installation of cable structures (racks, shelves, boxes, trays):

1) according to the project, the installation sites of cable structures are marked;

2) drilling is carried out according to the marking;

3) installation of racks to the flyover / wall of the room;

4) installation of shelves to cable racks;

5) installation of boxes, trays on shelves with fastening with M8 bolts. With the help of connecting elements, the boxes are docked, the fastening of which is carried out with M6 bolts.

Works on the installation of cable ducts, trays are carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 12-03-2001, SNiP 12-04-2002, PUE ed. 7, SP 76.13330.2016.

At the end of the installation work, the line of boxes should be straightened with the final tightening of all fasteners.

The progress of work during the installation of cable structures (pipes):

1) A section for laying pipes is marked;

2) a trench is being developed for laying pipes (on the marked area, a trench is dug with a depth of 0.9 m and a width of 200 mm to 1000 mm, depending on the number, brand and cross section of the cable cores in the trench);

3) temporary plugs are removed from the pipes;

4) plastic bushings are inserted into the ends of the pipes so as not to damage the insulation of wires, cables are also used when pulling into protective pipes; lubricants are also used;

Cables are pulled only into fully assembled pipelines. The open ends of the laid and fixed protective pipes before pulling cables and wires into them are closed with wooden or plastic plugs so that dirt does not get into the pipes.

When laying a cable in pipes, the pipes used must also have an inner surface that excludes damage to the insulation of the wires when they are pulled into the pipe and an anti-corrosion coating of the outer surface. In the places where the wires exit the pipes, heat-shrinkable insulating tubes are used.

Wires are fastened with clamps in junction boxes or at the ends of pipes. Wires and cables in pipes must lie freely, without tension.

The pipe diameter is taken in accordance with the instructions in the working drawings.

Monitoring the compliance of the work production process, the quality of work and identifying deviations and inconsistencies with the requirements of working and regulatory documentation, checking compliance with the sequence and composition of technological operations during construction is carried out at each stage of all work by the body of the Customer's IC and the Contractor's QC.

It is forbidden to start a new stage of work without a corresponding examination of the previous one by the Customer's IC body and the Contractor's CCM.

3. The need for machines and mechanisms, technological equipment and materials

Table 3.1

The equipment specified in Table 3.1 and hereinafter in the text of this technological map can be replaced by the Contractor with a similar one available at the time of work, based on the required performance and technical characteristics.

4. The composition of the team by profession

The composition of the brigade is shown in table 4.1

Table 4.1

5. Solutions for labor protection, industrial and fire safety

When performing work, the following requirements must be observed:

– SNiP 12-03-2001 “Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements”;

– SNiP 12-04-2002 “Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production”;

- VSN 31-81. Instructions for the production of construction work in the protected zones of the main pipelines of the Ministry of the Oil Industry;

- SP 12-136-2002. Solutions for labor protection and industrial safety in projects for the organization of construction and projects for the production of works;

– GOST R 12.4.026-2015 System of labor safety standards. Signal colors, safety signs and signal markings. Purpose and rules of application. General technical requirements and characteristics. Test methods;

- SP 36.13330.2012 Code of Rules "Main pipelines"

- SP 52.13330.2011 Code of Practice "Natural and artificial lighting"

– Safety regulations for the construction of main steel pipelines;

– Rules for labor protection during construction (Order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation of June 1, 2015 N 336n);

- Rules for labor protection when working with tools and devices (Order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation of August 17, 2015 N 552n);

– RD-13.110.00-KTN-260-14 “Main pipeline transportation of oil and oil products. Safety rules for the operation of the facilities of OAO AK Transneft”;

Persons not younger than 18 years of age are allowed to work, who do not have medical contraindications for performing this type of work, who have the appropriate qualifications, who are allowed to work independently in the prescribed manner, and who have an electrical safety group of at least II. The person responsible for carrying out the work must have an electrical safety group no lower than that of subordinate operational personnel.

Before starting work, the personnel must put on overalls and safety shoes, PPE appropriate for the weather conditions, in accordance with approved standards, a helmet with a chin strap. Overalls, safety shoes and PPE must be in good condition, fastened with all buttons and fasteners. It is not allowed to perform work in overalls and PPE contaminated with combustible or toxic materials that have expired.

Before starting work, personnel operating mechanization equipment, equipment, devices and manual machines must be trained in safe methods and methods of work with their use in accordance with the requirements of the manufacturer's instructions and labor protection instructions.

Being in the territory of production of works, all employees are obliged to comply with the rules of the internal labor regulations adopted in this organization.

Admission to the production area of unauthorized persons, as well as workers in a state of intoxication or not employed at work in this area, is prohibited.

Employees involved in laying cables must be provided with sanitary facilities (dressing rooms, dryers for clothes and shoes, rooms for eating, resting and heating, etc.) in accordance with the relevant building codes and rules and a collective agreement or tariff agreement.

Preparation for the operation of sanitary facilities and devices must be completed before the start of work.

At workplaces, workers must be provided with drinking water, the quality of which must comply with sanitary requirements.

In the sanitary facilities there should be a first aid kit with medicines, a stretcher, fixing splints and other means of providing first aid to the injured.

Construction machines, mechanisms and equipment must be in good order and adapted for their safe use, provided for by the technical documentation for operation.

It is forbidden to operate construction machines without enclosing devices, interlocks, alarm systems provided for by their design.

Manual electric machines must comply with the relevant national standards.

The device and operation of electrical installations are carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Rules for the Arrangement of Electrical Installations (PUE), the Safety Rules for the Operation of Consumer Electrical Installations (PTB), the Rules for the Operation of Consumer Electrical Installations.

Workplace lighting

At dusk, a temporary lighting tower is installed on the site to illuminate the place of construction and installation work. Electricity is supplied from a mobile diesel or gasoline generator of the Contractor (diesel station). Norm of illumination of the construction site - 10 lux

On the basis of GOST 12.1.046-2014, electric lighting of construction sites and sites is divided into working, emergency, evacuation and security. At nightfall, work sites, workplaces, driveways and passages to them must be illuminated: at least 10 lux when performing earthworks; at least 100lux at the workplace when performing installation and insulation work; at least 2 lux on driveways within the working site; at least 5lux in the aisles to the place of work.

At night, lighting of the working pit should be carried out by searchlights or lamps in an explosion-proof design.

Fire safety

During the performance of work, it is necessary to strictly comply with the fire safety requirements aimed at preventing the impact of dangerous fire factors set forth in the following regulatory documents:

– RD 13.220.00-KTN-148-15 Main pipeline transportation of oil and oil products. Fire safety rules at the facilities of the organizations of the Transneft system.

- Standard instruction on the procedure for conducting welding and other hot work at explosive, fire and explosion hazardous objects of the oil industry.

GOST 12.1.004-91. SSBT. "Fire safety. General requirements";

GOST 12.1.010-76. SSBT. “Explosive safety. General requirements";

Fire safety rules in the forests of the Russian Federation. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 417 dated June 30, 2007;

Rules of the fire regime in the Russian Federation. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation
from 25.04.2012 №390

All employees engaged in work must be trained in PTM (fire-technical minimum), undergo fire safety briefings. Primary briefing at the workplace and targeted briefing before starting work should be carried out by the immediate supervisor of the work (foreman, site manager, etc.). Introductory briefing on fire safety should be carried out by a fire safety engineer, fire safety instructor.

Engineers of organizations responsible for carrying out the work must be trained in a specialized organization under the fire-technical minimum program. This requirement for the contractor must be included in the special conditions of the contract, in accordance with clause 7.1.7 of RD-13.220.00-KTN-148-15.

The work foreman must check the implementation of fire safety measures within the work site. It is allowed to start work only after all measures to ensure fire safety have been completed.

The contractor's work supervisors are responsible for compliance by subordinate personnel with the fire safety rules in force at the facility and for the occurrence of fires that occurred through their fault, in accordance with clause 7.1.17 of RD-13.220.00-KTN-148-15.

The completion of work sites with primary fire extinguishing equipment, depending on the type and scope of work, must be carried out by the contractor in accordance with clause 7.1.18 of RD-13.220.00-KTN-148-15.

Roads and entrances to sources of fire-fighting water supply must ensure the passage of fire equipment to them at any time of the day, at any time of the year.

When placing and arranging temporary (cars), be guided by the requirements of section 6.5.9 of RD-13.220.00-KTN-148-15.

It is necessary to establish a fire regime at the work site in accordance with the Rules for the fire regime in the Russian Federation (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 25, 2012 No. 390) and
RD-13.220.00-KTN-148-15.

Actions in case of fire

Actions of workers in the event of a fire

Each employee upon detection of a fire or signs of burning (smoke, burning smell, temperature rise, etc.) must:

a) immediately inform the fire brigade about this by phone; in this case, it is necessary to give the address of the object, the place of the fire, and also give your last name;

b) take measures to evacuate people and, if possible, preserve material assets, extinguish the fire with primary and stationary fire extinguishing equipment;

c) inform the dispatcher (operator) of the facility or the manager of the facility (senior official of the facility) about the fire.

Managers and officials of the facilities, persons duly appointed responsible for ensuring fire safety, upon arrival at the fire site, must:

a) report the occurrence of a fire to the fire brigade, notify the management and duty services of the facility;

b) in case of a threat to people's lives, immediately organize their rescue, using the available forces and means for this;

c) check the activation of automatic BPDs, if any, (fire extinguishing, cooling (irrigation), smoke protection, warning and evacuation control systems in case of fire);

d) if necessary, turn off the electricity (with the exception of the CCD), stop the operation of transporting devices, units, apparatus, take other measures that help prevent the development of fire hazards;

e) stop all work (if it is permissible according to the technological process of production), except for work related to fire extinguishing measures;

f) remove all employees who are not involved in extinguishing the fire outside the danger zone;

g) to carry out a general fire extinguishing guidance (taking into account the specific features of the facility) before the arrival of the fire department;

i) ensure compliance with safety requirements by employees participating in fire extinguishing;

j) simultaneously with extinguishing the fire, organize the evacuation and protection of material assets;

k) organize a meeting of fire departments and assist in choosing the shortest path to get to the fire;

l) inform the fire departments involved in extinguishing fires and conducting related emergency rescue operations with information about hazardous (explosive), explosive, highly toxic substances processed or stored at the facility, necessary to ensure the safety of personnel.

Upon the arrival of the fire department, the head or the person replacing him informs the fire extinguishing head about the design and technological features of the facility, adjacent buildings and structures, the quantity and fire hazard properties of the stored and used substances, materials, products and other information necessary for the successful elimination of the fire, work UPZ, anti-emergency systems, also organizes the attraction of forces and means of the object to the implementation of the necessary measures related to the elimination of a fire and the prevention of its development.

6. Scheme of operational quality control

Construction control should be carried out by the construction control units of the CCM at all stages of the implementation of all types of construction and installation works. It is prohibited to carry out construction and installation works without the participation of the JCC. The contractor is responsible for the organization and quality of construction control.

The CCM must carry out construction control during each technological stage of work. The results of the construction control are recorded daily in the construction control log of the contractor at the work site, the general work log and the notes and suggestions log. The construction control journal of the contractor is drawn up in accordance with Appendix B OR-91.200.00-KTN-108-16.

The following measures should be observed:

Written notification from the head of the section (flow) of the construction contractor to the responsible representatives of the customer and the IC body at the work site for the time sufficient to mobilize the customer's IC specialists, but not less than 1 calendar day, about the start of new stages and types of construction and installation works, changes in the number of teams (columns) performing work, shifts of work performed, the need to conduct a survey of hidden work, as well as other cases requiring a change in the numerical and / or qualification composition of the customer’s IC specialists, indicating the responsible representatives of the building contractor’s body and representatives of the quality control service of the construction contractor.

Notification of the customer and the IC body of the need to carry out control measures for the acceptance of work performed 3 working days in advance if it is necessary to submit work that requires specialized control and measuring equipment.

Presentation of completed technological operations to representatives of the customer's IC authority and obtaining written permission in the form of Appendix B in the cases specified in clause 7.2.16 OR-91.200.00-KTN-108-16. In other cases, execution and signing of the AOSR (if it is provided for by the design / working documentation).

Execution of technological operations of the subsequent technological stage, only after obtaining the appropriate permission in the form of Appendix B in the cases specified in clause 7.2.16 OR-91.200.00-KTN-108-16, issued by the customer's IC specialist. In other cases - after the execution and signing of the AOSR (if it is provided for by the design / working documentation), indicating the permission to perform the next stage of work.