Wooden floors for a house made of aerated concrete. Types of interfloor floors, advantages and technology for the construction of wooden floors. Feature of the technology of installation of wooden floors

When designing an aerated concrete house, builders are one of the first to decide on the type of flooring. The following structures have become widespread - reinforced concrete monoliths and panels, wooden beams. Each option has its own advantages and disadvantages, which are important to evaluate before starting installation work.

• availability of special equipment;
• the cost of installation work and materials;
• construction speed.

Despite the fact that panel and monolithic ceilings in an aerated concrete house are characterized by a lot of positive qualities, they also have negative sides - it is difficult to choose slabs of the desired configuration and size. Wooden interfloor floors are deprived of these shortcomings - they are durable and "adjust" to any configuration of the house. Given the light weight of the beams, there will not be a strong load on the walls. That is why experienced builders often choose wooden floors when building a house based on aerated concrete.

How to calculate the dimensions of a wooden floor?

In order for an aerated concrete house to stand for many years, it is important to correctly calculate the interfloor or attic structures, because they will serve as the floor for the upper floors. The builder needs to know what maximum length and section to buy beams.

Here is a summary table, according to which, given the length of the span and the step of installing the logs, you can set the cross section:

Suppose that a house is being built from a gas block with a span of 5 m, and the beams are mounted in increments of 1 m. Check the table - you will need a beam with a section of 150x225 mm. In further calculations, keep in mind that the boards will go into the aerated concrete wall by at least 15 cm. Therefore, the maximum overlap length is set as follows: 5 + 0.15 + 0.15 = 5.3 m.

Calculate that the cross section of the lumber provides a deflection of no more than 1/300 of the size of the floor span. It is desirable that the length of the wooden beams does not exceed 6 m - the structure may not withstand the loads. The exact amount of lumber that needs to be prepared is calculated based on the surface area.

How to mount a wooden floor in an aerated concrete house with your own hands?

When the dimensions of the floors are calculated, you can purchase all the materials necessary for installation. The interfloor structure consists of lower support beams covered with heat and sound insulators and counter rails fixed on top. Experienced builders choose glued laminated timber, edged boards or finished I-beams as lumber. You can also use metal elements.

The main feature is that the wooden floors for the floors in the aerated concrete house will be supported by a reinforced concrete reinforcing belt mounted around the entire perimeter of the building. For its manufacture, U-blocks are taken - this is where wooden beams will be built in the future.

Before the installation of interfloor structures, lumber is treated with antifungal agents. Here you can use any of the compositions available for sale. The exception is oil-based solutions. Such substances will prevent the evaporation of moisture from the tree, which will make the aerated concrete house less durable and reliable.

It will not be superfluous to treat the beams with substances that increase the fire resistance, since the tree is combustible. Modern compositions can significantly reduce the risk of fire - in the event of a fire, the floor or roof will not collapse for several hours. If an interfloor wooden floor is installed along metal beams, then the steel elements must be treated with anti-corrosion agents.

Wait until the compositions applied to the individual parts of the structure dry out. And when the preparatory work is completed, you can mount interfloor wooden floors:

1. The ends of the beams, which will be further fixed in the aerated concrete wall, are first sawn at an angle of 60 °, and then wrapped in roofing material. This will prevent abrasion of the bars. Leave the places of "cuts" uncovered - the tree must "breathe".

2. It is impossible to allow the aerated concrete block to closely touch the end of the beam - this can lead to rotting of the beam. Therefore, leave a gap in this place - at least 5 cm. Here, lay a thin layer of thermal insulation - mineral wool.

3. First, the extreme beams are mounted. Keeping the same step, fasten the intermediate wooden boards. How exactly the bars lie down, check at the building level.

4. Beam ceilings are attached to the reinforcing belt with metal corners, plates or studs coated with an anti-corrosion compound.

5. Now you can proceed with the installation of the roll. It is made on the basis of boards or beams that are attached to the lower parts of the beams.

6. The reel should be insulated. Heat insulator layer - at least 10 cm.

7. Wooden beams for overlapping from above are covered with logs. After that, you can proceed to the device of the floor of the upper floor. If in the future it is planned to cover it with linoleum, laminate or parquet, then chipboard or plywood is additionally laid on the logs to level the surface.

8. From below, floors with wooden load-bearing elements are sheathed with clapboard or drywall. You can choose other options - it all depends on the planned decorative finish of the ceiling on the lower floor.

The basement structure is mounted using the same technology as the interfloor one. But in this case, it is important for the builder to take into account some features:

• To protect the aerated concrete block and beams (in case of high humidity on the lower floors), consider laying waterproofing. It fits under the heater.
• If the rooms below are not heated (pantry or basement), provide a thicker layer of heat insulator - up to 20 cm. To protect the blocks from condensation, lay a vapor barrier on top of the insulation.

The attic floor differs from other types of structures in that at the end of the work it is not required to mount the floor - it is enough to install bridge ladders along the beams. The layer of insulation in the space between the beams is 15-20 cm. Since there will be no large loads on the elements, it is realistic to do without a reinforcing belt. The exception is when the attic on the upper floors will be used as a living room.

Aerated concrete is a material with which you can quickly build a house. It holds heat well and is easy to install. Aerated concrete buildings build a maximum of up to 3 floors. This is due to the calculation of the ultimate load. Overlapping in such houses are of different types, depending on the possibilities of the customer's wishes. Let's try to understand most of them.

Features and types of floors for aerated concrete

The floors of the first floor are a structurally important part of the building. It is on them that the entire vertical load of the walls of the house made of aerated concrete falls. Also, the ceilings have to withstand the weight of the installed furniture, flooring and people living in the building. In addition, they provide the necessary rigidity to the structure. Photo of wooden beams of different sections below.

It is especially important to correctly calculate and select floors for houses made of aerated concrete. This material, due to its porosity, has a lower compressive strength, which must be taken into account when choosing beams of different sections or other structures for a building made of gas silicate blocks.

There are several floor options for aerated concrete houses. Each of them has its pros and cons and is suitable in a particular case. The types of the best floor structures can be divided into the following types, depending on the materials used and installation technologies.

• Monolithic;
• On metal or wooden beams;
• Tiled floors: from aerated concrete or reinforced concrete.

Below you can see a photo of the installation of structures with beams of different sections and others.

Wooden floors in aerated concrete house

Installation of wooden floors in an aerated concrete house along beams is one of the best options. A feature of this design is the obligatory armored belt on aerated concrete, on which it will be installed. Wooden beams of different sections are fixed with studs, as well as metal corners and plates. This method is quite reliable for structures made of gas silicate blocks.

The device of wooden floors in a house made of aerated concrete on large-section beams differ from each other according to several criteria. First of all, this concerns the material from which the beams are made. The best forms are edged board or timber, in some cases a log. Increasingly, recently, I-beams have been widely used for installation, and a little less often glued beams in a private house made of aerated concrete.

The arrangement of ceilings from wooden beams of large cross-section on an armored belt on aerated concrete may also differ in the way the voids are filled. For this, the roll of their shields on top of the cranial bars, as well as insulation, vapor and waterproofing materials can be used.

The arrangement and installation of wooden floors in a house made of aerated concrete along the beams on the armored belt may also differ according to the material used for filing the beams. These can be plasterboard sheets, plywood, chipboard, plastic lining. Often the bottom of the wooden floor in the house made of aerated concrete along the beams is left without filing, creating the effect of antiquity or embodying other design solutions. Photo and video solutions with beams and their best installation method are located below.

Monolithic ceiling in aerated concrete house

A monolithic ceiling in a house made of aerated concrete along beams of different sections is done independently at the construction site. The exception is the concrete itself, which is needed for installation. It is not recommended to do it in small-sized mixers, but it is better to order it ready-made directly from specialized companies. This is due to the fact that monolithic floors are a structure that is responsible for the safety of people living in aerated concrete houses. Manually preparing reliable concrete is quite difficult.

The most important part of a monolithic floor is the frame. It is made from reinforcement of small section and the required thickness, tying it with wire. The metal frame will take all the load from the concrete. It is mounted in a pre-prepared wooden formwork. Usually the thickness of the monolithic ceiling in gas silicate houses is made 150-300 mm thick. Gas silicate blocks may not withstand a large load.

The advantages of a monolithic design include:

• The best bearing capacity, unlike beams of small section;
• Variety of manufactured standard sizes for installation and installation in buildings from gas silicate blocks;
• Wide range of configurations. You can pour a monolithic ceiling of any shape, and not just a rectangular one, like with beams. It can be seen in the photo.
• Possibility of assembly or installation in buildings made of aerated concrete, where the use of tiled flooring devices is limited or completely excluded.

Monolithic structures in a house made of gas silicate blocks, in addition to the advantages, have a number of disadvantages. These include:

• Timing. This includes both the duration of the installation itself and the time required for the concrete to gain the necessary strong parameters, in contrast to the ceilings along wooden beams in an aerated concrete house.
• The need for specialized equipment for the installation of the best monolithic floors in the house, such as mixers, concrete pumps.
• For the installation of the best monolithic floor in a house of gas silicate blocks, it is necessary to make a project for calculating the load.
• A rather high price, which increases the total cost of installing a building made of aerated concrete, in contrast to the overlap on wooden beams.

Interfloor ceilings

The device of the best interfloor floors in a house made of aerated concrete on wooden beams of different sections or on a monolithic basis is one of the most important. Its feature is the need to install a floor on which people will walk and household items and furniture will be installed. As a result, the load on the best interfloor ceilings will increase significantly in the aerated concrete house on the installed beams.

One of the best solutions is the installation of a wooden floor, namely natural or glued beams, as well as modern I-beams. The step of their installation in the best interfloor ceiling in an aerated concrete house depends on the section, but usually it is 0.6 - 1.2 meters. The best length of large beams in the house is 6 meters. In the photo you can see the correct calculation and installation of the best wooden floor and the number of beams on the first and second floor.

In the wooden floor of an aerated concrete house, excellent beams are mounted at right angles to the load-bearing walls. They will be installed on a reinforced concrete reinforcing belt prepared in advance. Previously, under the wooden beams installed on the walls, in the planned arrangement of floors in the house of aerated concrete, a layer of waterproofing is laid.

The size of the niche should be 2-3 cm. The beam in the aerated concrete house should lie on the reinforcing belt for a length of 15 cm. The supporting part should be wrapped in a layer of roofing material over bitumen or with a self-adhesive membrane. In places where wooden beams are installed on a monolithic reinforcing belt of aerated concrete house, anchors or plates are installed. Look at the photo of the best solutions for installation on gas silicate blocks.

Basement

According to the principle of the device, the basement ceiling on the wooden beams of an aerated concrete house almost does not differ from the interfloor one. Although there are some features.

• If there are damp rooms on the basement floor of an aerated concrete house: a bathhouse, a swimming pool, then it is necessary to lay a waterproofing layer along the beams before installing the insulation. If the interfloor ceiling in the house is wooden, then the material must be treated with an antiseptic to avoid the occurrence of fungus and rot.
• With a cold lower floor of a house made of aerated concrete, for example, a pantry, a garage, the size of the insulation along the beams should be increased. The best thickness is 20 cm. Photo with the installation of wooden beams below.
• The difference in temperature between the floors of an aerated concrete house can lead to condensation. To avoid such a situation, a vapor barrier layer should be given on top of the insulation of the wooden interfloor ceiling along the wooden beams. Look at the photo for the best installation solutions for gas silicate blocks.

Attic floor in a house made of gas silicate blocks

A feature of the device of the attic wooden floor in aerated concrete houses, in contrast to the interfloor, is the absence of laying the floor along the beams in most cases. Except for the moments when the attic will be used as living rooms.

If the premises will be used as a pantry, for example, then only the subfloor along the beams will be enough. Most often, on the attic wooden floor in an elite house made of aerated concrete, instead of the floor, unlike the interfloor, they will simply lay bridges, along which you can control the state of the truss system or roof.

To prevent cold from penetrating from an unheated attic into the interblock space, insulation should be laid along the beams. Its optimal thickness should be 15-20 cm. Due to the lower load on the wooden floor in an aerated concrete house, unlike an interfloor one, it can be made from beams of smaller diameter, as seen in the photo.

The device of floors in the houses of their aerated concrete: video

Regardless of what material is chosen for the installation of floors in aerated concrete house, the work requires special knowledge and skills. The video below shows step by step the process of installing wooden beams on gas silicate blocks.

For the installation of metal and wooden interfloor floors of a house from gas silicate blocks, the main stages are the manufacture of beams, their installation on special gaps in the reinforcing belt, the installation of flooring from boards or profiles, all necessary insulation and waterproofing layers, floors.

The monolithic works of the first floor consist of the preparation of the formwork, the manufacture of the frame and the pouring of concrete. Tiled interfloor are considered the simplest, you just need to correctly place the workpieces on the bearing walls of gas silicate blocks, as in the photo.

Overlapping of the first and second floors in aerated concrete house

For the device of overlapping the first floor in a house made of aerated concrete, any possible types of structures can be suitable. It can be tiled, monolithic, wooden or metal beams along a reinforced belt. The ceilings of the first floor in the house do not receive negative effects either from the cold and damp basement or from the attic. Although often they account for the main load on the beams.

Usually heavy furniture, bedrooms are placed on the second floor, people often move. Therefore, you need to carefully calculate the load on interfloor monolithic wooden floors and beams in a house made of gas silicate blocks, see the photo.

After overlapping the second floor, there is usually an attic. If it is made in the form of an attic, where living rooms are supposed to be located, then the requirements for the interfloor wooden floor made of beams in a house made of gas silicate blocks will be the same as after the first floor. If the attic is non-residential or not equipped at all due to its low height, then you can make a lightweight structure without flooring or limit yourself to installing a rough one. A photo of the beams is just below.

Armopoyas on aerated concrete

The device of a reinforced belt on an aerated concrete house is a fundamental thing for floors of the first floor along wooden beams. It has several meanings. Firstly, thanks to the interfloor monolithic armored belt, the entire aerated concrete house is strengthened on aerated concrete, reliably tightening the aerated concrete.

The room becomes more protected from sediment and deformation. Secondly, wooden or metal floor beams in an aerated concrete house are laid on the reinforcing belt. Photos and videos of the reinforced belt are just below.

In order to install a monolithic armored belt on aerated concrete under wooden floors, special material with a gutter is used. A metal frame made of reinforcement is installed in them. Then concrete is poured for the reinforced belt. To preserve heat outside the wall, polystyrene insulation is added for floors on wooden beams in an aerated concrete house.

If it is impossible to purchase special aerated concrete, then you can make a regular monolithic reinforced belt or make the necessary holes yourself. Photos and videos of the structure below, as well as the wooden beams located on them.

Choosing the best floor for an aerated concrete house: expert advice

What is the best floor for an aerated concrete house? Or which one is more reliable? Such questions are often asked by people planning to build a house from aerated concrete. There is no single answer to them. But it is possible to highlight the fundamental points.

• Overlapping on the basement floor of an aerated concrete house is best done monolithic or block. Wooden and metal beams are significantly deformed under the influence of excess moisture, and even all the necessary waterproofing materials will not be able to completely protect them.
• For an attic floor in a house made of aerated concrete, a light wooden structure made of beams, with a subfloor and a thick layer of insulation, is quite enough. It will bear the minimum load that any design must cope with.
• For interfloor overlapping of an aerated concrete house, you can choose both tiled and monolithic or using wooden and metal beams option.

The construction of houses from gas blocks is very popular lately. This is due to the fact that aerated concrete blocks allow you to build a house quickly. The walls are warm, breathable, it is easy to get a smooth surface of the walls.

When determining the design of the house, the question arises of what kind of overlap is best done in houses made of aerated concrete blocks. First, we will briefly review the options, and then we will focus on the wooden floors in the house of aerated concrete.

Which cover is better

In a house made of aerated concrete, you can arrange various types of interfloor floors. The most common are floors made of prefabricated reinforced concrete panels, monolithic reinforced concrete and wooden beams.

Brief description of reinforced concrete floors

Reinforced concrete floors have all the characteristics necessary for floors:

• strength;
• durability;
• high bearing capacity;
• good sound insulation;
• high fire resistance and incombustibility.

But, at the same time, there are a number of disadvantages that must be considered when choosing a reinforced concrete floor.

Ceiling from precast concrete panels. In the case of precast concrete panels, it must be taken into account that the plan and configuration of the building do not always allow optimal selection of the panel of the desired size. Since the panels are produced only in a rectangular shape, it is impossible to cover rounded areas and rooms with irregular geometric shapes with them. Then there are areas that have to be additionally sealed with monolithic reinforced concrete. Despite the fact that the installation of the reinforced concrete panels themselves is a fairly fast process, it is the installation that can become a factor due to which it will be necessary to abandon the prefabricated panels, since not all areas have the ability to drive a crane to install them.

Advantages:

• fast installation.

Flaws:

• restrictions on size and shape;
• the need for a crane access during installation.

Monolithic concrete floor. A monolithic ceiling is convenient because it does not require large equipment and can be made in any size and shape. But the construction of a monolith is a very laborious process. This is the manufacture and installation of formwork, the installation of a metal frame, the preparation of concrete and its pouring, the care of concrete during the hardening process. Moreover, when pouring concrete, it is necessary to follow certain technological rules to ensure its uniform distribution in the mass of the slab, which significantly affects the quality of the product. Laboriousness, duration and a large number of so-called "wet processes" may make you think about finding another option for the design of the ceiling.

Advantages:

• the ability to perform overlappings of any shape;
• no big equipment needed.

Flaws:

• high labor intensity and duration of the process;
• wet process;
• you need a large amount of water, and it may not yet be in such volumes on the site;
• the need to comply with the technological regimes for the preparation and placement of concrete.

A significant disadvantage for concrete floors when choosing a floor material for a house made of aerated concrete blocks is its weight. Given that aerated concrete is a porous material, it is more brittle than just concrete and brick. And, therefore, in houses made of aerated concrete, it is preferable to use a lighter floor structure.

Brief description of wooden floors

Therefore, very often the choice stops on wooden floors. Wooden floors are lighter than concrete, cheaper, can cover rooms of various configurations.

The manufacture and installation of wooden floors is not difficult. For the installation of such an overlap, large equipment is not needed, you can use home-made winches and hand tools.

Advantages:

• a light weight;
• flexibility in configuration;
• the presence of an assortment of wood;
• not complicated installation.

Flaws:

• combustibility;
• the need for antiseptic protection.

Wooden floor: construction and installation

The load-bearing element of a wooden floor is a beam. Basically, beams are made of solid wood or glued beams. But it can be used for beams and logs of the appropriate diameter. The approximate dimensions of the beam sections, depending on the step of the beams and the overlapped span, can be found in the table.

Table of sections of wooden beams of the floor, depending on the span and step of the beams, the estimated load on the floor is 400kg / m2.

Fixing the beam in the wall. During the construction of the wall at the design height, floor beams begin to be laid out. The beams are inserted into the wall at a distance of at least 12 centimeters. The end of the beam, which is inserted into the wall, must be covered with a waterproofing material: wrapped with roofing paper, covered with bituminous mastic or other sealant with antiseptic additives.

There should be a small air gap around the beam, the beam should not sit rigidly. To do this, they also make a bevel at the end of the beam at an angle of 60-80 degrees. Between the end of the beam and the outer part of the wall, polystyrene insulation is arranged.

If it is necessary to lengthen the beams, this is done in the form of a lock: the beams are interconnected with an overlap from 0.5 to 1.0 m and fastened with bolts. It is desirable to make the joints of the beams above the inner wall or other support.

Floor structure device. For the device of heat and sound insulation of the ceiling between the beams, sound and heat insulation is laid. For this purpose, a roll is made in the lower part of the beams, for fastening of which cranial bars with a section size of 50x50 mm are nailed along the bottom of the beams. Insulating materials must fit snugly against the bars. The bottom of the beams is hemmed with plywood, OSB-board, or plasterboard.

Logs are laid on top of the beams, and a draft floor is laid along them. To improve sound insulation under the subfloor and under the logs, you can lay special noise and vibration-absorbing pads.

To improve sound insulation and in order to reduce the possibility of ceiling deflection from the effect of gravity on the floor of the upper floor, there is an option for installing the floor and ceiling on divided beams. The main idea of ​​this method is to separate the floor structure and make different load-bearing beams for the floor of the upper floor and for the ceiling of the lower floor. To do this, the floor is laid on the main load-bearing beams.

Floor beams are laid directly on the wall with armored belt. Between them, ceiling beams are mounted in the middle, which are attached to the wall with brackets.

Ceiling beams are installed with the same pitch as the carriers, so the distance between adjacent beams will be 0.3 or 0.5 meters, respectively. Ceiling beams will not carry heavy loads, their main task is to keep the false ceiling and the cake made of soundproof materials. Therefore, ceiling beams, according to the calculation, can be installed with a smaller section. To place sound insulation, ceiling beams are placed 10-12 cm below the bearing ones. Thus, the floor and ceiling are not connected to each other and possible deflections and sounds from the floor structure are not transmitted to the ceiling structure.

The device of a monolithic belt of an aerated concrete house: why is it important

In houses made of aerated concrete blocks, floor beams are laid along a monolithic belt. A monolithic belt in houses made of aerated concrete blocks is an indispensable structural element. It helps to evenly distribute the load from the floor beams to the wall, which helps to ensure that the aerated concrete in the places where the beams are placed is not overloaded and does not crack. The monolithic belt must be solid and placed around the entire perimeter of the building. This belt is essential for aerated concrete houses. In addition to distributing the load from the floor, it also serves to maintain the overall integrity and stability of the house structure, protects against possible destruction and deformation in the event of possible ground settlement and slight foundation movements. Therefore, special attention is paid to the device of a monolithic belt.

For the device of a monolithic belt, there are special U-shaped gas blocks.

Reinforcement is laid inside this block - 2-4 rods with a diameter of 8-12 mm.

The lower row of rods is laid on special gaskets so that a protective layer of concrete is formed under the reinforcement from below.

If there are no ready-made narrow blocks, then they can be cut from standard ones, aerated concrete is well cut. You can also make a U-block yourself by sawing out the inside of the block with a hand saw.

A frame is made from reinforcement.

Important! The reinforcement is not welded, but twisted with a wire.

At the junction, it is desirable to avoid right angles by bending the reinforcement with an arc.

Embedded parts (rods) can be attached to it, to which floor beams will be attached. From the outer side of the wall, the monolithic belt is insulated with polystyrene. The cavity of the U-shaped block is then filled with concrete.

and filled with concrete

Since special blocks are expensive, or they may not be commercially available, a monolithic belt can be made like an ordinary concrete belt with a metal frame.

In order to not visually see the place of its installation on the outer wall, the installation of the armo belt is carried out as follows, we install aerated concrete blocks 100 mm thick along the outer wall. Then, to avoid the formation of cold bridges, lay 50 mm polystyrene. On the inner side of the wall we put a formwork made of a wooden shield, we put an armored belt into the resulting space.

Useful video:

But aerated concrete also has a minus - due to its low strength, when pressure is applied to it from ceilings, the walls can crack. For this reason, when building floors in such houses, it is necessary. Next, we will talk about wooden floors in a house made of aerated concrete.

Advantages and disadvantages compared to floor slabs

Wooden beams boast their lightness and ease of installation. There is an erroneous opinion that a reinforcing layer is not needed for light wooden floors. This is fundamentally not true.

For aerated concrete walls, regardless of the type of overlap, an armored belt is always needed!

In the case of wooden floors, its construction will distribute the load from the beams around the entire perimeter of the walls and prevent cracking of aerated concrete from point loads.

The advantages of wooden beams are:

1. Environmentally friendly, as wood is a renewable natural material.
2. Small mass.
3. Low thermal conductivity compared to concrete structures.
4. Low price compared to other types of floors.
5. Large assortment to choose from.
6. Easy to install beams.

There are also negative sides to wood:

1. fragility. Sooner or later, even the best floors can start to rot.
2. Low strength - a tree will not be able to withstand as much weight as a concrete floor could.
3. Flammability (natural materials are highly flammable).

Despite such significant negative qualities, a tree is still chosen much more often, and here's why: special compounds for wood impregnation can extend its service life, protect it from decay and ignition. And low strength is eradicated by using more beams and reducing the laying step.

Now consider concrete floors and their disadvantages:

1. The first and most significant disadvantage is the high cost of concrete floors. Not only are the ceilings themselves expensive, they will also require special equipment (a crane) to install and transport them. So for the installation you will have to pay a certain amount of money. Wooden floors do not have this minus - you can install it yourself. If the beams are small, then two or three people will be enough. The heavier and more massive they are, the more people will have to be involved.
2. High weight. We have already said that installation will require special equipment. And it will also require a more expensive foundation.

As you can see, all the shortcomings are connected only with the price. To make a final decision, check out the article about.

Types of beams, advantages and disadvantages of each type

For the construction of floors between floors of a building, I usually use only three types of wooden beams:

1. Whole.
2. Glued.
3. I-beams.

We will figure out which of them are most suitable specifically for each design, highlight the disadvantages and advantages of each type.

From a solid bar

Beams made of solid timber are distinguished by their strength, but they are inferior in the maximum possible length. In order for the beam not to bend over time, it is recommended not to install it longer than 5 meters. That is, timber floors are only suitable for small houses.


Of the significant disadvantages, one can single out the fact that, without proper processing, the floors can eventually begin to rot and become moldy. Do not exclude the risk of fire.

Attention!

From glued timber

Glulam beams have one indisputable advantage - their length without deflection can reach 12 meters.


Glued beams have the following advantages:

1. Special strength.
2. Ability to cover spans up to 12 meters.
3. Small mass.
4. Longer service life.
5. Do not deform over time.
6. Relatively fireproof compared to conventional timber.

However, this material is much more expensive.

Wooden I-beams

I-beams considered one of the most durable and reliable due to the shape of the profile, because they consist of several layers, each of which is protected by various impregnations.


The advantages of I-beams include:

1. High strength, rigidity due to its shape.
2. No deflections.
3. Noiselessness in operation - the structures do not creak when pressure is applied to them, unlike other types of floors.
4. The material does not crack, does not dry out over time.
5. Ease of installation.

Calculation of the required section depending on the span length and loads, laying step

The number of beams, their dimensions, the installation step depend directly on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room and the expected loads. Most experts believe that the optimal load on floors is 0.4 tons per square meter of area (400 kg / m 2). This load includes the weight of the beam itself, the mass of the rough and finish coating of the floor from above and the ceiling from below, insulation, communications, as well as furniture and people.

The best section for rectangular wooden beams is considered to be with a height to width ratio of 1.4: 1.

The cross section also depends on what kind of wood the floors are made of. Now let's bring average recommended values ​​​​at a laying step of 60 cm:

• If the span is 2 meters, then the minimum section should be 7.5 by 10 cm.
• With a span of 2.5 meters, the beam should measure 7.5 by 15 cm.
• If the span is three meters, then it is customary to use beams 7.5 by 20 cm.
• With a beam length of 4 and 4.5 m, it is customary to use them with a section of 10 by 20 cm.
• For the construction of a five-meter ceiling, crossbars with a section of 125 by 200 mm are used.
• The six-meter ceiling is made of beams measuring 15 by 20 cm.

If the step increases, then the size of the beam section should also be increased.

Here is a table of sections of wooden floor beams, depending on the span and installation step, with a load of 400 kg / m2:

If it is not planned to load the floors (in the case of a non-residential attic for storing light things), then lower load values ​​​​from 150 to 350 kg / m 2 are acceptable. Here are the values ​​​​for the installation step of 60 cm:

On the net you can find online calculators for calculating the bearing capacity of wooden beams. I will give a link to one of them: http://vladirom.narod.ru/stoves/beamcalc.html

Also, for example, you can replace one beam with a section of 100x200 with two boards 50x200, sewn together with bolts or nails every meter. They do this for various reasons:

• there are no beams with the required section on sale;
• boards with a smaller section weigh lighter, so they can be lifted to the top alone, and fastened there already.

It is recommended to stitch the boards so that the wood fibers are in different directions. This increases the strength of the structure.

Floor types

Now, only three types of floors are mainly used:

1. Beam - consists of beams.
2. Ribbed - beams laid with an edge.
3. Beam-ribbed.

The first option is standard, it was for him that the dimensions of the section were described. Ribbed and beam-ribbed ceilings are practically not used in the present due to the increased work time and the complexity of the design, so we will not dwell on them.

Installation work

The main stage is, of course, the installation of beams. It implies competent preparation at the stage of construction of the first floor.

First the tree should be pre-treated with a fire-fighting compound, as well as a liquid from decay(this must be done with the entire crossbar). This must be done immediately after purchase. If the material will lie for some time before laying, it must be shifted: a row of beams, then 3-4 bars across, then the next row. So the board will be ventilated and dry. This will prevent mold from forming.

The part of the beam embedded in the wall should also be covered with:

1. bitumen or primer.
2. Ruberoid, roofing felt or glassine.
3. Liquid waterproofing, consisting of bitumen.
4. Linokrom.

This is done due to the fact that wood in contact with concrete and blocks can absorb moisture and eventually begin to rot.

For aerated concrete, the maintenance moisture content of 3-5% is considered normal. No matter how dry the blocks seem, direct contact of wood with this material is unacceptable.

The beam must be embedded in the load-bearing wall by at least 12 cm. The ends are cut at an angle of 70 degrees in order to ensure the removal of moisture.

Attention!

It is not necessary to cut off the end of the beam with waterproofing material. Otherwise, access to the evaporation of moisture will be closed. It is required to leave a small air gap between the end of the beam and the wall.

The fastening of beams to the armo-belt in gas silicate houses is carried out with anchor bolts.

For insulation from the side of the street, a heater can be placed in front of the beam. As a rule, the outer ends of the beams from the outside are insulated with polystyrene foam.

Filling the voids between the laid beams is done with gas blocks. Between the gas silicate and the timber, gaps of 2–3 cm are left. They are tightly clogged with mineral wool, thus preventing the formation of condensate and dampening of the beams.

Do not forget to consider the placement of the stairs to the second floor, since the opening must be provided immediately:

Well, that's all, the floors are ready. Now you can proceed to the next finishing.

Post-installation finishing

Upon completion of the construction of the ceiling, it is recommended to wait before starting to carry out finishing work so that the beams shrink. Overlappings are recommended to be “hidden” behind a fine finish before the onset of cold weather so that they are not exposed to damp weather conditions.

You also need to make a roof. If this cannot be done before winter, then the entire structure should be covered with a film or awning material, including windows, so that moisture does not enter the building. But it is still recommended to leave small through “gaps” so that there is an optimal level of humidity inside the room.

Now directly to the post-installation finish. First, a draft ceiling is made from the bottom of the ceiling. It can also be made from plywood, if the construction of, for example, a false ceiling is provided for in the future.

You should start from the bottom of the beam, since insulation is usually placed between the ceiling and the floor, which also acts as sound insulation.

After installing the ceiling, insulation and vapor barrier are already placed on top (if necessary). For example, if the upper and lower floors are constantly heated, then insulation is not necessary. But it should be noted that insulation works and how soundproofing. If the second floor is an attic, then you definitely need to insulate - otherwise the heat will go away.

After laying the insulation, you can lay a subfloor (it will help in the further construction of the building, since you do not have to install scaffolding).

Fine finishing must be done after windows appear in the house and it shrinks.

Wooden interfloor ceilings are one of the most optimal solutions. After all, wooden beams are strong, light and at the same time cheap. They are easy to install and do not put excessive pressure on the walls. The main thing, correctly calculate and be sure to process a wooden structure.

To increase the strength of the structure, metal I-beams can be used instead of wood. In this case, you will need a crane for installation. And metal costs more than wood. And if you are ready for such expenses, then isn’t it easier then to opt for? Since the main advantage of overlapping on wooden beams in an aerated concrete house is cost savings.

Overlappings are a horizontal structure that is installed between each floor of the building, and also separates the first floor from the basement, and the last from the roof. In addition, it takes considerable loads from load-bearing walls, due to which it gives the structure rigidity. Additionally, the overlap in the house of aerated concrete is done in such a way as to ensure the safety of heat.

The device of interfloor overlappings

There are several options for installing floors between floors in a private house made of aerated concrete. These include monolithic, as well as prefabricated types of structures. So, wooden or metal beams, special concrete slabs, or prefabricated monolithic options created immediately on site can be used. Each type of structure has certain advantages and disadvantages that must be taken into account when installing them in a building made of aerated concrete blocks. The main criteria for choosing interfloor ceilings in an aerated concrete house are:

• The need to use additional equipment for installation;
• The price of materials, as well as installation;
• The duration of construction with their use.

The use of the parameters of the ultimate loads of interfloor floors in a house made of aerated concrete as the main criterion is irrelevant. This is due to the fact that all of the above options allow you to achieve sufficient strength for private houses. Usually they withstand a load not exceeding 800 kg / 1 m². But materials with less weight will be more preferable in order to reduce the load that is placed on the blocks.

Overlapping their reinforced concrete and other plates

It is justified to use a monolithic floor slab in an aerated concrete house due to good strength and thermal properties. In this plan, you can choose the most suitable options for a particular object:

• Prefabricated monolithic structures;
• Installation of a standard monolithic slab;
• Additional reinforced slabs.

Some manufacturers offer their customers the creation of floor slabs on the second floor in aerated concrete house, which have individual dimensions. But usually the average length of the products is about 6 m, and the width indicators are 1.8 m. The thickness parameters do not exceed 30 cm. For their production, only the autoclave method is used, which makes it possible to achieve the density of the B500 product. Often, a monolithic ceiling in a house made of aerated concrete is made with tongue-and-groove joints. Due to this, it is possible to give the connections a greater density and faster installation.

The classic option is the installation of floor slabs, which are hollow products. Such options are common for the construction of the construction of houses from aerated concrete blocks. It is recommended to use them for arranging spans, the width of which is not more than 6 m. However, before installing them, it is required to make an armo-belt, which allows you to evenly distribute the load on the walls. The advantage of such options is their low cost, despite the need to involve a construction crane. Such products provide a load of 800 kg for every 1 m².

Prefabricated monolithic ceiling

In order to use prefabricated monolithic floors with a T-shape for a house made of aerated concrete, classic reinforced concrete beams up to 7 meters long are used. They are installed on the walls (at least 2 cm should lie on them) in increments of 70 cm. The entire distance that is formed between the iron floor beams in the aerated concrete house must be filled with concrete belonging to class B20. Next, the armored belt is laid and a 5 cm concrete screed is poured. The structure sets within 4 weeks, and you can start partially loading it after 10 days.

Wooden beams

Considering the question of which floor is better for a two-story aerated concrete house, it is worth considering the installation of wooden beams separately. They are great for separating the basement or second floor, as well as the attic. However, it is worth excluding the laying of floor beams on aerated concrete blocks in cases where the distance between the main walls is more than 6 m. If this is neglected, deflection will occur. The parameters of the cross-section of floors from a bar are determined by the loads, as well as the length that the span has.

During the installation of wooden floor beams, it is impossible to take a step less than 0.5 m or more than 1 m.

Before laying such products, it is required to make a reinforced belt consisting of monolithic reinforced concrete on top of the aerated concrete walls. Its average height is about 15 cm, and anchor plates are used to fasten the beams. To prevent the appearance of a dew point directly in the ceiling, it is important to create a good thermal and vapor barrier. In order to prevent moisture condensation, it is worth additionally isolating all gaps and joints. To do this, it is worth using sealants or harnesses made of polyethylene foam.

The end part of the laid beam should be 5 cm from the wall and this distance must be sealed with insulation. Often, mineral wool is used for this, due to the fact that other materials will need to be adjusted in size.

The installation of interfloor overlapping logs, whose length is more than 4.5 m, can, as a result of deflection, lead to the destruction of the previously created monolithic belt. Due to this, before laying the floor beams, it is required to make a special chamfer at their ends in order to prevent such negative consequences. Upon completion of the installation of these elements, you can begin to create a subfloor, as well as install thermal insulation. When it is planned to make a basement in a house made of gas blocks, it is worthwhile to first create a good vapor barrier.

Metal beam ceilings

Practically, the installation of metal products is also taking place. In this case, the following options apply:

• I-beams;
• Special pipes having a square section;
• channel.

These products are highly resistant to loads, however, before making a ceiling in the house of aerated concrete with their help, it is required to carry out high-quality anti-corrosion treatment. For the installation of such beams, the use of special equipment is not required, a team of 3 people is enough.

Monolithic overlap

The most time-consuming and time-consuming is the installation of a monolithic floor in a house made of aerated concrete. To create them, formwork is used, in which reinforcement is laid, and concrete is also poured. The thickness of the floors created in this way is usually no more than 20 cm. This ensures a high bearing capacity of more than 800 kg / 1 m². The process of laying such a floor of the first floor in an aerated concrete house, like any other, is carried out without taking into account the width of the span.

The concrete itself can be made with your own hands directly on the site, however, it is worth giving preference to factory options that are made in full compliance with technological standards. In this case, you will additionally need to use a concrete pump to deliver the mixture to the desired height. In addition, in contrast to the overlapping of walls made of aerated concrete with slabs, monolithic options can be made in various shapes, including in the form of a semicircle due to the "filled" type of material.

Which floor is better for a two-story aerated concrete house is determined by a large number of parameters, as well as the requirements that apply to the future foundation.

Reinforcing belt

First of all, the laying of floor slabs on aerated concrete blocks should be carried out on a specially prepared armored belt. It is necessary to distribute the load that will be exerted on the load-bearing walls from the upper floors. It includes not only the mass of the plates themselves, but also another “payload”, which is people, various objects and equipment located in the premises. It is the reinforcing belt that makes it possible to compensate for the main drawback of aerated concrete products - the tendency to bend and break.

In the absence of such an element, cracks will soon begin to form on the walls, and certain blocks will crack under uneven weight. Therefore, before laying floor slabs, as well as beams, the creation of this element is required. This is done as follows:

• First, formwork is installed along the edges of the blocks;
• Further, reinforcement is laid in it, and its dressing is also carried out;
• After that, concrete is poured and waiting for it to solidify;
• At the end, the formwork is removed and the installation of ceilings can be carried out.

How monolithic floors are made

Before starting work, it is necessary to order equipment for transporting and supplying cement mortar to the desired height, as well as a construction vibrator for compacting the material. When the concrete mixture is made on site with your own hands, you must have a concrete mixer. As reinforcement, it is required to prepare metal rods and special wire for tying them. Formwork can be made from wooden beams, ordinary boards or plywood.

Do-it-yourself creation of a monolithic ceiling in an aerated concrete house begins with the construction of a formwork, which is a huge form into which the associated reinforcement is laid, and subsequently a liquid cement mortar is poured. It is made vertically stable to withstand the weight of all the solution poured into it. The sequence of work on the construction of formwork is as follows:

• First make the supports. At this stage, it is recommended to carefully monitor that the horizontal level is observed. Deviations will seriously affect strength. It is required to make racks taking into account the load, which can reach 300 kg;
• The distance between the supports is 1 m;
• Next, the beams are installed across the future slab, and it is also attached directly to the walls. Additionally, to create maximum strength of the formwork, they are sewn to the racks;
• The parameters of the installed beam must exclude the deflection of the structure under the weight of the poured concrete;

• After creating the base, boards or sheets of plywood are laid on it, which are additionally covered with an insulating film on top;
• During this period, all ventilation pipes, as well as electrical wiring, should be laid.

When the formwork is ready, you can start creating a reinforcing mesh. This requires:

• Using metal rods having a cross section of about 10 mm, you need to make a grid by fastening them together with wire;
• The fastening of the rods is carried out in a checkerboard pattern;
• Installation of reinforcement is carried out at once in several levels, to ensure the stability of the future structure to deformation;
• The mesh is laid in such a way that at least 2.5 cm remains before the formwork. This will create the proper thickness of concrete in such places;
• The top layer of reinforcement should be placed 10 cm above the bottom.

The next step is pouring concrete. It is important to strictly observe the parameters of strength, quality, and thickness:

• It is important to use only high-quality options for concrete of a strength grade of at least M200. This parameter determines the future characteristics of the floor being built;

• The thickness of the erected slab should be at least 15 cm, but not more than 30 cm;
• Filling is possible only at air temperature above +5°С. When it is required, but the weather does not allow, special heaters are installed.

The procedure itself is carried out as follows:

• First, the required height is marked. The pouring itself is done at a time, so it requires the presence of a ready-made required volume of concrete nearby, as well as a concrete pump, which will allow you to continuously pour the solution into the mold. If this process was divided into several steps, then the overlap will lose its strength;
• While the solution is poured, it must be treated with a construction vibrator to remove bubbles from the composition. The mass of the concrete itself is not enough to create the desired level of compaction;
• In the end, it is required to level the surface of the concrete so that it is flush with the formwork.

For a monolithic floor to reach its maximum strength, a minimum of 28 days is required.

Creating floors between floors can be done in different ways. For this, metal or wooden beams, reinforced concrete floor slabs, as well as monolithic structures are used. Each of the methods has its own characteristics that must be taken into account.