Instructions for assembling a house from sip panels. SIP Houses are produced at the SIP 47 factory with a house kit, that is, a set of board elements and sip panels made with high precision based on the project chosen by the customer. The house set of sip panels can only be assembled at the construction site like children's designer. All products are marked, and a wiring diagram is attached to the set of elements, guided by which mounting sip panels. Before starting work, you need to study wiring diagram and check for completeness.
In order to better understand the features of installation, it is necessary to have an idea about SIP panels.
Basic tool that you will need for self-assembly of a SIP house:
Screwdriver (assembly on self-tapping screws) / nailer (assembly on nails);
Chainsaw;
Circular Saw;
Roulette;
Building level;
Thermoknife for sampling the groove in SIP-panels.
Panel design and typical dimensions
SIP panel(structurally insulated panel) is building product, which includes two OSB boards (oriented strand boards) with an insert of insulation - expanded polystyrene (EPS) between them, connected and pressed with a special adhesive under a pressure of 20 tons. This structure allows the panels to perform a dual function - they serve not only for heat and sound insulation of enclosing structures, but are also able to withstand significant compressive and bending loads. Therefore, these products are suitable for the construction of any kind of buildings. They are used for walls, partitions, as floor slabs and roof coverings. 
Typical dimensions of SIP panels
The thickness varies in such sizes from 68 mm to 244 mm. Often used sip panel with a thickness of 174 mm (with a thickness of PPS 15 cm, OSB 12 mm) width 1,250 m; length from 2.5 m to 2.8 m.
For the construction of enclosing walls, standard 17.4 cm sip panels are used, for ceilings and roofs - 17.4 - 22.4 cm thick. Products 12.4 cm thick are used for partitions in the house.
Sip panels are light - no more than 20 kg / m 2, which allows them to be installed by two, three people and without the use of a crane, and are also easily processed and cut with a hand-held power tool.
Assembly procedure for SIP at home
The assembly of SIP at home consists in the sequential execution of the following operations:
- Foundation devices and installation of the lower strapping;
- Mounting basement floor;
- Installation of walls of the 1st floor;
- Assembly of interfloor ceilings and walls of the next floors in the case of a 2-3-storey building;
- Mounting attic floor, attic, SIP roof.
Foundation device and installation of the lower trim
Foundations can be monolithic tape, pile, and design in the form of a monolithic ribbed slab. The type of foundation should be selected based on the properties of the soils underlying the structure at the construction site. When choosing the type of foundation, it is recommended to use a pile foundation- the most suitable for the simplicity of the device, relatively low cost, the possibility of application under most types of soil conditions and the convenience of combining with the base of the structure of a prefabricated SIP house. 
To support the strapping on the top of the steel pipes protruding above the ground, special heads with a horizontal metal plate are installed, or a steel beam from the channel can be laid upside down. In the latter case, the strapping beam is attached to the steel beam with anchors every 50 cm. After immersion in the ground screw piles, they are combined by a lower strapping or support bar with a section of 200x200 mm, which is the supporting basis of the entire designs SIP at home. The strapping beam is attached to each pile with self-tapping screws "grouse" having a diameter of up to 12 mm.
The strapping beam must first be impregnated with a fire-retardant composition, and a gasket made of bituminized paper, roofing felt or other rolled waterproofing materials is laid between its lower surface and the support plates of the heads. 
In the case of laying the support beam on metal beam or on tape or slab foundation waterproofing must be laid under the entire lower surface of the timber.
The strapping beam is installed exactly according to the markings corresponding to the layout of the SIP house and its assembly scheme. 
At the corners and intersections, the elements of the timber are combined with each other by staples and fastened with self-tapping screws 8x180 mm. Fasteners on the brackets are time-tested, the brackets withstand heavy loads and do not burst. They give additional rigidity and strength in critical areas.
In the case when the support beam is laid on a horizontal concrete surface of foundations of other types, it is fastened with anchor bolts, which must be deepened into the foundation body by at least 100 mm with a length step of 500 mm.
Plinth cover installation
After installation and fixing to the foundation of the lower support beam, a SIP floor is mounted on it, including: wooden beams-logs 100x150, connecting inserts between the panels from a bar with a cross section of at least 50x150 mm and a sip of the floor panel. Logs are installed in the grooves available in each sip panel around the perimeter. First, the first sip floor panel is laid at any of the corners, the groove at the end is filled with foam from the mounting cylinder. A short connecting beam with a section of 50x150 is inserted into this groove, which is fastened through the sheathing of OSB-board with screws 3.5 mm in diameter and 40 mm long on wood every 15 cm in length. Then a groove is foamed at the end of the second sip panel, and it is joined to the first sip panel. In this case, the protruding part of the connecting beam enters the groove of the second product and is also fastened with screws for woodworking through the skin.
How many self-tapping screws are needed for one SIP panel? In increments of 15 cm, on average, 100 pieces will be needed per panel 2500x1250 mm. self-tapping screws, half 600x2500 mm 80 pieces.
After connecting and fixing the first row of socle sip floor panels to each other along the extreme span of the sip house, located near the end wall, a lag-beam is installed along the entire length of the span. Before this, the grooves of the products are filled again assembly foam and the beam slides into this groove. 
The subsequent assembly of panels, connecting bars and installation of the log is carried out in a similar way until one continuous plane of the floor sip is formed. For fastening wooden beams for flat floor products, wood screws with a diameter of 4.2 mm and a length of 75 mm are used. In places determined by the installation scheme, reinforced beams and timber are installed. The entire overlap is fastened through the logs to the strapping beam with self-tapping screws measuring 8 x 280 mm. 
The resulting open ends of the sip floor of the first floor of the house are sewn up with a board having a section of 100 by 150 mm from all sides. 
Installing the walls of the 1st floor
Design the first floor of a house made of sip panels is a frame consisting of wooden posts and wall SIP parts, fixed to the lower strapping beam, posts, and fastened together. On the initial stage assembling the enclosing structures of the walls of the first floor of the sip house kit, on a solid basement floor boards are placed under each wall with a section of 25x150 mm, the layout of which must correspond to the design layout and wiring diagram. Strapping boards are attached with self-tapping screws with a diameter of 4.2 mm and length 75 mm to the overlap every 40 cm. The marking for laying the strapping must be done with maximum accuracy without deviations from the scheme, so as not to cause difficulties in the future. It should be noted that between the edge of the basement there should be gaps that match in thickness with the sheathing of the sip panel from the OSB board - 12 mm, which is indicated in the wiring diagram. Strapping boards are laid without gaps in places corresponding to the location of openings for installing doors in order to increase the accuracy and speed of their installation. In the future, after mounting the sip wall panels, cutouts are made in these places, so this must be taken into account when placing self-tapping screws. The main stage of wall assembly can be started from any corner of the SIP at home, where a vertical post is first installed, having a cross section of 100 by 150 mm, which is attached to the bottom binding board with two self-tapping screws with a diameter of 4.2 mm and a length of 7.5 mm, the first panel is mounted to it. 
Further, on one of the corner sip panels, the side groove is filled with mounting foam, then the product is placed in the design position with fastening to the rack. In this case, the rack should fit snugly into the side groove of the sip panel. After checking the vertical position of the element using a plumb or level, the panel is attached to the binding board along the bottom edge and the stand with galvanized wood screws with a diameter of 3.5 mm and a length of 40 mm on each side from the bottom and along the side edge after 15 cm. 
In the same way, another vertical beam and a second flat wall product are installed, adjacent on the other side to the corner of the house. After checking the verticality, both corner wall products are additionally fixed to each other by means of structural self-tapping screws with a diameter of 8 mm and a length of 200 mm in increments of 50 cm in height. 
Starting from the first corner sip panels, racks and ordinary sip panels of external and internal walls. Before mounting each element, the side grooves are foamed, the sip panels are attached along the side edges to the vertical bars and from below to the strapping with screws 3.5 mm in diameter and 40-45 mm long every 15 cm on both sides. 
At the corner nodes and T-shaped joints of the walls, the products are additionally sewn together with structural self-tapping screws with a diameter of 8 mm and a length of 230 mm every 50 cm in height. The installation of the walls is completed at one of the corners, in reverse order to the operation of mounting the first corner - a vertical beam is inserted into the side edge of the last SIP panel, pre-filled with polyurethane foam, covering the end part of the wall. SIP panel attached to vertical bar and strapping with self-tapping screws with a diameter of 3.5 mm and a length of 40-45 mm in increments of 15 cm on both sides. 
Next, two corner sip panels are pulled together with structural self-tapping screws with a diameter of 8 mm and a length of 230 mm in increments of 50 cm in height. The last operation to install the walls is to connect them with an upper strapping board. To do this, the grooves on the upper ends of the installed sip panels are filled with polyurethane foam, after which the strapping is laid in them. board section 25x150 mm, which is fastened with self-tapping screws with a diameter of 4.2 mm and a length of 75 mm to uprights, then all wall sip panels are attached to it with screws with a diameter of 3.5 mm and a length of 40-45 mm on each side with a step of 15 cm. 
Installation of upper floors
If a house from sip panels is multi-storey, then after the assembly of the structures of the first floor, installation is carried out interfloor overlap. All operations are performed similarly to the installation of the basement. Then the installation of the second floor is carried out in exactly the same sequence as the installation of structures first floors of the SIP house. Then everything is repeated on the next floor.
Installation of attic floor, attic, SIP roof
The final stage is the installation of the attic floor, after which it is constructed roof. When constructing the attic floor, wall sip panels of complex shape are used - trapezoidal and triangular, on which the details of the rafter roof rest. The roof includes a frame consisting of mullions, rafters, girders, mauerlat, elements of valleys and ribs at fractures, as well as special SIP roof covering panels. These products, when roof not gable, they can also have both a rectangular and a more complex geometric shape - trapezoidal or triangular, so you should first carefully consider the wiring diagram and outline the assembly order. In that case when top floor The SIP of the house is not attic, then first a Mauerlat is installed from a bar with a section of 100x150 mm over the plane of the attic floor along the perimeter of the walls. Then racks 100x100 mm, combined with a ridge beam 100x150 mm in size and rafters 40x200 mm in size, resting on the ridge with the upper end and the lower part on the Mauerlat. 
If SIP roofing complex configuration, then the frame is supplemented with intermediate runs and details of the installation of valleys and ribs at the outer corners of the intersections of the roof planes. Mauerlat, ridge beams, girders and other details can have a trapezoidal section, which is given to them during the manufacture of the house kit at the factory in order to accurately fit all roof elements to each other. All elements of the roof frame are joined together by galvanized self-tapping screws 8x280 mm, one at each attachment point. If necessary, metal connecting plates with holes for screws are used in some places. After assembling the supporting frame of the roof, installation is carried out roofing vultures panels that are attached to load-bearing elements in a similar way to the design of fasteners used in the assembly of floors. If necessary, the edges of some panels can be cut with a power tool at certain angles on the construction site, for example, when it is necessary to form a ridge joint for joining two panels. 
If you find it difficult to understand these installation instructions for sip at home, then we recommend that you contact the specialists of SIP 47-Sip Factory.
Lightness and big size SIP panels makes this material one of the best for erection country houses. All the main parts for construction are produced at the factory, the required number is brought to the site and assembled like a designer. Big team is not needed for this, the task can be handled by a team of 2-3 people. In addition to the assembly readiness of the material, the simplicity of its docking is also attractive. Consider the key stages of the technology for assembling a house from SIP panels.
What foundation is right for you?
In the case of SIP panels, there is no need for an expensive, powerful base. Finished house by Canadian technology weighs no more than 15 tons, so it is enough to choose an economical strip foundation. In accordance with building codes, the foundation is laid to the depth of soil freezing, in our case, it is enough if corner grillages are laid along the entire perimeter at this depth.
Second stage: floor coverings
You can assemble a house from SIP panels at any time of the year, construction does not have wet stages. Installation begins with the installation of floor slabs. If the span is not more than six meters, standard panels are used for floor coverings. The inside of the panels is insulated with an antiseptic and bituminous mastic.
The joints between the panels are fixed with self-tapping screws and sealed with mounting foam. To give the structure rigidity along the horizontal axis, strapping bars are placed in the technological grooves of the ends. Installation of floor coverings can be completed within a few hours.
We mount the walls
Before starting the installation of the first wall panels, a strapping circuit for the walls is prepared. To do this, a longitudinal beam 10 cm thick is attached to the floor with self-tapping screws. The template will help to check the correctness of its placement. The structure is fixed to the foundation with anchor bolts by drilling holes through the panels and timber. All parts must be treated with antimicrobial and water-repellent compounds.
The panels that form the corner are mounted first. The second is placed at right angles to the first. Due to the strong fixation of the corner elements, the structure acquires the necessary rigidity. Further, the panels are mounted in series using a tongue-and-groove connection. The connection between the panels is fixed with self-tapping screws or large ship nails.
When all the panels that form the walls of the first floor have taken their places, their technological grooves are filled from above with mounting foam and closed with strapping bars. Simultaneously with the construction of the perimeter, the ground floor space is divided into zones by partitions made of panels. Additional rigidity of the structure is given by the overlap that connects the walls.
The same technological cycle is repeated on the second floor. The ceiling is assembled in the same way as the installation of the floor, the frame of the previous floor serves as a support for it, the floor slabs are attached to it with self-tapping screws.
Attic and roof: no rafters
Roof installation is one of the standard technologies for working with SIP panels. Rafters are not needed during the construction of the roof, the own rigidity of the panels allows them to withstand all meteorological loads.
The lower base for the roof panels is a mauerlat fixed along the perimeter, the upper one is a ridge beam fixed between the gables. The stacked panels are fixed to the beam at the top and bottom with screws. The roof panels are fixed to each other in the same way as wall elements - with self-tapping screws or ship nails.
The attic, located under the roof of SIP panels, will always be warm. The design of the panels is such that the roof does not need a vapor barrier. The roof can be made from any material known today: bituminous, ceramic or metal tiles, others.
Sealing the finished house
After completing the assembly, the structure is sealed, smearing all joints with polyurethane glue. This is very milestone, the thoroughness of its implementation guarantees long-term operation of the house.
Installation of doors and windows
Openings for doors and windows are provided by the project and prepared at the factory, which greatly simplifies installation.
Exterior and interior decoration of the house
Outside, the house can be lined with brick or siding, clapboard, timber, natural stone or its artificial imitation. The perfectly flat inner surface of the walls is also suitable for any finishing materials: wallpaper, painting, tiling and others. The use of drywall will give the walls additional fire resistance.
Engineering Communication
Communications are laid upon completion of the frame assembly. All of them will be easily accessible due to the external location. If necessary, they are covered with plasterboard partitions or suspended ceilings. Plumbing and sewerage one-story house they do it under the floor, special mines are arranged for a two-story building. Distinctive feature construction using SIP - flexibility in terms of communications. All wooden elements, which will be in contact with the water supply and sewerage, are additionally impregnated with waterproof compounds.
Factory production of all elements, the lightness of the panels makes possible mounting in the shortest possible time.
The advantages of houses made of SIP panels compared to houses using traditional construction technologies are obvious:
- Strength. The sip panel can withstand up to 200 kg of load per 1 m 2 with a deflection of no more than 12 mm.
- No shrinkage and smooth walls. You can attach to the exterior and interior decoration immediately after installation.
- Increased fire resistance. Temperature range -50ºC to +50ºC
- Ease of construction. Average weight Canadian technology houses
no more than 15 tons. - Increased heat capacity. For home heating SIP technologies 4-6 times less resources are needed than for heating brick.
Watch the house assembly process in the video:
The construction of sip panels (SIP) can be attributed to the fastest, which currently exists in this market. In a week and a half it is quite possible to build one-storey cottage. The technology came to us from Canada. It is also extremely popular now in European countries.
Buildings made of sip panels are very warm and quite reliable. In our conditions, the material is ideal for the construction of country cottages and country houses. In this regard, many who want to become owners of such temporary or permanent housing are interested in how to build a house from sip panels with their own hands in record time due to technology.
What are sip panels
The sip panel is a three-layer building material. The inner part is a thick layer of expanded polystyrene, which acts as an insulating and warming material. On both sides, 2 layers of OSB chipboard are attached to it. It is made from wood chips, multidirectional and glued under pressure.
Expanded polystyrene provides excellent sound and heat insulation. OSB boards and high-quality glue, produced by special technology, securely fix insulating material. During construction, sip panels are connected to each other with mounting foam, and wooden beams give rigidity to all structural nodes.
The advantages of this building material:
1. Durability - 100 years or more.
2. Fast construction by joining SIP panels.
3. You can build in any season, since there are no mortars that require special conditions for solidification.
4. Very simple design roofs.
5. Due to the small thickness of the panels, the usable area inside the house increases.
6. A building built using this technology is very light and does not shrink.
7. Excellent thermal insulation, allowing you to save energy even during the heating season.
8. Ease of installation of doorways.
9. Ideally smooth and even surface of the panels allows you to use any finishing without pre-alignment of the walls.
10. Styrofoam and OSB board do not rot; they are not inhabited by rodents.
11. The material is absolutely clean and environmentally friendly.
12. The construction of it is quite simple and does not require the involvement of heavy construction equipment (cranes, etc.) in the process.
13. Low prices on SIP panels make the construction of them the most cost-effective option.
Flaws:
1. The panels do not allow water vapor to pass through, so buildings made of them need high-quality ventilation.
2. The material cannot boast of high fire resistance. In this regard, the issue of electrical wiring insulation must be given Special attention. It is recommended to install a fire alarm.
3. The material is not resistant to moisture, so the foundation must be made wide enough to protect the structure from moisture.
4. The technology of building houses from sip panels does not allow much diversification of standard projects.
Construction of sip panels (video)
You should always start with design. And although you can’t expect a lot of variety in this matter, it is important to correctly calculate the size of the rooms, the placement of communications, etc. The complete assembly of the building is shown in the video.
The building made of sip panels is very light in weight and does not need a strong foundation. Under one or two-storey house you can build a tape or pile-screw. During the construction of the foundation, it is very important to equip its waterproofing with high quality. This will require bituminous mastic and 2 layers of roofing material, the sheets of which must be overlapped.
Then you can start laying the subfloor, which we also build from the same SIP panels (video). The photo shows how the floor is attached to the foundation. Between themselves, the panels are connected and immediately fixed with polyurethane sealant and self-tapping screws.
Building walls (video)
How the assembly of the building walls from SIP panels looks like can be seen in the video.
It is assembled literally like a big constructor. First, the bottom trim is mounted. As is the case with many modern building materials, building with sip panels starts from the corners of the house. To the corner panels, butt-to-butt, the subsequent ones are attached in both directions, up to the next corners. Between the panels is laid wooden beam fixed with sealant and self-tapping screws.
To build any building, you must use building level. AT this case this is also true, despite the fact that the sip panels are perfectly even. Using the level will help to avoid deviation of the walls from the ideal vertical. The ends of the walls and the upper selections are covered with sealant, after which we begin to make the upper trim.
To create floors between floors, all the same sip panels are used. They have sufficient strength for this and can withstand a very solid weight (furniture, the residents themselves, etc.). After installing the floors, we continue to build walls - now the second floor. The ceilings are reinforced with wooden beams.
Door / window openings are made very simply: they can simply be cut with a regular hacksaw. The material is perfectly processed and requires almost no effort during this process. All this can be done by hand.
How to build a roof
The technology of erecting a roof on such a building is extremely simple. To build it, we again use the same SIP panels. Plates are mounted on the same principle as walls and interfloor ceilings. Rafters are not required. How the roof and wall panels are connected is shown in diagrams 1 and 2.
Please note that a support column is installed in the center. To do this, you can use a bar 50x70 mm. All mount roofing elements made using self-tapping screws, sealant and docking bars. When the roof is assembled, you can immediately proceed to the finish coating. You can cover the roof with almost any material (metal tiles, corrugated board, soft tiles, etc.). The choice of material depends on the preferences and material capabilities of the homeowner.
Finishing
Outside, the building can be lined plastic clapboard, siding and any similar material that will protect the walls from moisture. Interior decoration even more simple. Since the walls of sip panels are absolutely flat, there is no need to mount any leveling frame.
The walls inside the building can be wallpapered, plastered, even tiled or mosaiced (bathroom, kitchen, etc.). Flooring also suitable for almost any. You can lay laminate, linoleum, floorboard and even parquet on the floor, if you so desire. Even including all the finishing work, the construction of a 3-4-room mansion from sip panels in the worst weather can take a maximum of a month and a half.
The technology is simple and low-cost; the cost of all materials is also minimal. Everything is done simply and very quickly. If you need the most inexpensive country house with excellent heat and sound insulation, the construction of sip panels is just right. In the next video, we posted a review of the owner of such a house. It will help to better understand what such a structure is like.
Below we list the pros and cons of using the technology of building houses from SIP panels.
Advantages:
- due to the high heat-saving characteristics of enclosing structures.
- More usable area- due to the small thickness of the walls, you can get 15-20% more usable area.
- Accelerated installation of the box at home (1-2 weeks).
- No need for a device expensive foundation(enough, for example, installed in 1 day).
- Savings on heavy lifting equipment can significantly reduce construction costs.
- You can build houses all year round- they do not shrink, so finishing work can begin immediately after assembly.
- The assembly technology is simple, you can even build a house from a SIP panel with your own hands - this is within the power of anyone who follows the instructions and knows how to hold a screwdriver and a saw in their hands.
Flaws
- A small thermal inertia of the enclosing structures is characteristic of any frame houses.
- High price material - however, this is more than offset by savings in foundation costs and a reduction in construction time.
- Enclosing structures do not breathe, and, therefore, an efficient device is needed - this disadvantage is also inherent in all frame houses.
- Flammability of building envelopes - but it is not higher than that of any wooden buildings.
- Emission during combustion of harmful substances - indeed, during the melting of polystyrene foam, styrene is released with a specific sweetish odor. When its concentration in the air is more than 600 ppm (1 ppm = 4.26 mg / m3), it is dangerous to humans. But the smell of styrene becomes unbearable already at concentrations above 200 ppm, and this is an unambiguous signal for urgent evacuation.
- Amenable to rodents - although these animals are bred anywhere, there are cases when, in search of food, rats even gnawed through concrete.
Also on the market are cheaper products with linings 9 mm thick, but they are only suitable for walls and partitions of small one-story buildings.
Differences of the factory SIP panel
- Inaccurate geometry. The shift of the plates relative to each other, the rhomboid or trapezoidal panels are easily detected using a square and a tape measure.
- The use of low-quality OSB with low moisture resistance. Wet the surface of the panel liberally for an hour or two. If the chips begin to flake off, you have a defective product.
- Low bond strength. This is perhaps the main feature of goods produced in a semi-handicraft way. You can check the product only by tearing off one of the plates from the insulation. A high-quality panel is torn not at the seam, but along the foam sheet.
- Execution of the middle part of the panel from fragments of polystyrene foam plates. To reduce the amount of waste, artisanal enterprises start cutting insulation, which negatively affects both strength and heat-insulating properties. The joints of the expanded polystyrene boards are easy to see at the ends of the panels.
Step-by-step construction of a house from SIP panels
Foundation
Firms that are engaged in the construction of houses from SIP panels recommend doing that fully meets the concept of a prefabricated building. Piles under a house up to 150 m² can be mounted in two to three days, and with the help of special installation- for one day; assembling a grillage from a channel or timber strapping will also not take much time.
The force of frost heaving many times exceeds the load from light walls made of SIP panels. In such conditions, pile and insulated shallow foundations work best.
(their most common diameter is 108 mm, length - 2.5 and 3 m) are placed under the outer and inner main walls, as well as crossbars (they are needed to reduce the spans of the beams) in increments of 1.5–2 m. Such a base leads well itself on heaving soils and practically does not settle under light walls - provided that the laying depth was not determined randomly, but as a result of trial screwing with force measurement: the pile blades must rest on dense soil layers.
To serve for more than 50 years, you need to purchase piles of steel with a thickness of at least 4 mm with cast tips that resist corrosion much better than welded ones; after installation, they should be filled with concrete. One support, including installation, will cost 2400–2700 rubles, that is, the cost of a foundation for a house measuring 8 × 10 m will not exceed 100 thousand rubles. True, finishing the basement will require additional costs: you will have to carry out a pick-up from cement-bonded or glass-magnesite sheets (for tiling or stone lining) or decorative panels on the frame.
The main alternative to the pile-screw foundation is the traditional one for dacha construction shallow-depth tape 0.3–0.4 m wide and 0.6–0.8 m high. If you prepare concrete yourself, and not buy it at the factory, then such a foundation will cost a little cheaper than a pile one, but the construction time will increase by at least 3 weeks . Pledge of reliability strip foundation- a properly executed reinforcing cage, it should be designed in accordance with SP 63.13330.2012 (the main requirements are the presence of at least two reinforcing chords and a reinforcement ratio of at least 0.1%). The base of this foundation cannot be erected on heterogeneous soils with quicksand. Lightweight is optimally suited for swampy areas with strongly heaving and weakly bearing soils. The slab is poured over a sand and gravel drainage pad, a layer of extruded polystyrene foam with a thickness of at least 100 mm and a waterproofing substrate. The minimum thickness of the slab is 200 mm, and it must be reinforced with a two-level frame made of a bar with a diameter of 12 mm or more. To protect the walls from water (mainly melted water), a reinforced concrete plinth 0.3–0.5 m high should be erected along the contour of the slab. It is advisable to insulate the blind area and the plinth with 50 mm thick EPS sheets.
It is advisable to strengthen the foundation of steel piles with a grillage from a channel or an I-beam. The grillage rand beams must be welded to each other and, in addition, welded to the piles. Metal parts must be protected from corrosion and isolated from the wooden piping with rolled waterproofing.
When constructing a floating strip foundation, it makes no sense to delve into clay soil- it is better to build up the above-ground part, which will serve as a basement. The reinforcing cage should be knitted with galvanized wire. Connections must be strong and durable, because the frame must work as a whole throughout the entire life of the foundation.
Walls
Despite the fact that the technology is considered unified, each company and even the team has its own methods of assembling building envelopes - successful and not very successful.
For construction, products of both standard and non-standard sizes are needed - lintels over openings, piers, roof elements, etc. Large companies with own production line cutting is carried out only in the factory. Small firms and "autonomous" teams often cut out the necessary fragments on the site using circular saw and a foam grater (using this tool, grooves are selected along the perimeter of the panels). With this method, there is a high risk of violation of the geometric dimensions of rooms and openings, the appearance of gaps at the joints of parts.
The construction technology provides for the installation of a hidden frame, the details of which are inserted into the grooves of the panels. Selected lumber should be used for the frame chamber drying impregnated with an antiseptic composition, and for floor beams it is desirable to use either a wooden I-beam. Alas, sometimes under-dried products are used, which can warp, which will lead to the appearance of cracks and deformation of walls and ceilings. The junction of panels with frame elements is always sealed with polyurethane foam. However, some teams are accustomed to assembling racks from two boards, simply pulling them together with self-tapping screws without any seam sealing. At the same time, a beam of 150 × 100 mm can be installed in the corners. It seems that this should increase the strength of the box at home, but in practice, such a solution only guarantees the freezing of the corner in a harsh winter.
SIP panels allow you to build buildings of complex configuration - with oblique corners and bay windows. True, at the same time, labor costs and the amount of waste increase, and hence the cost of 1 m2 of house area.
Roof
An attic or semi-attic floor can be built both with the help of SIP panels and traditional technology insulated with mineral wool or other materials.
Sometimes you can hear that roofing cake based on SIP panels are more resistant to moisture (after all, polystyrene foam has extremely low water absorption). However, the constant presence of moisture (which may seep through the roofing or enter from below in the form of steam) leads to the destruction of the panel facings (OSB). In addition, at temperatures above 80 ° C, the process of thermal destruction of expanded polystyrene begins.
Therefore, between SIP panels and roofing material ventilation must be provided. You can not do without a layer of vapor barrier from the side of the premises, as well as a ventilated ridge.
The load-bearing part of the roof made of SIP panels includes a ridge beam, girders (bearing beams parallel to the ridge) and layered rafters, the function of which is performed by the beams between the panels. The installed panels are covered with a continuous carpet of rolled vapor-permeable waterproofing, then a rack lath is mounted, to which the roofing is attached (for example, profiled steel sheets) or another layer of OSB, which serves as the basis for flexible bituminous tiles.
Only forced system supply and exhaust with heat recovery, which will provide zonal air exchange. The main element of such a system is the recovery unit. For a cottage with an area of about 120 m 2, where a family of three to four people lives, an installation with a capacity of 180-250 m 3 / h is enough, the price of which will be 60-250 thousand rubles. depending on the design and manufacturer. The cost of the system with installation varies between 350-700 thousand rubles. without taking into account the cost of creating hidden cavities for laying ventilation ducts.
Finishing SIP panels
From the inside, the walls of SIP panels are in the vast majority of cases sheathed with drywall, the sheets of which can be attached directly to the internal OSB. The sheathing is made two-layer, providing channels for electrical wiring in the first layer (cables must be placed in protective corrugated pipes or PVC boxes). At traditional way installation of gypsum boards (using lathing from rails or steel) pipes and cables are laid in cavities under the skin.
Outside most often mounted hinged facade. In addition, plastering is possible, but in order to avoid cracks, it is desirable to use the technology wet facade, with, wooden planks, composite panels.
Installation of SIP panels. Instruction
An example of installation of SIP panel units is given for the use of panels with a thickness of 150 mm expanded polystyrene insulation and 12 mm OSB walls.
Depending on the climatic conditions and customer needs, it may be advisable to use thicker panels with 200 mm insulation
Node #1. Foundation-Floor-Wall
Recall that when building a house on a monolithic slab, there is no need to use a strapping beam and SIP panels as a floor. Therefore, we will dwell in more detail on the features of installation on a strip and pile foundation.
As for the slab, it is more cost-effective to use other methods of subfloor insulation, for example, with high-density extruded polystyrene foam.
Laying on the foundation 2 or more layers of waterproofing to prevent saturation of the tree with moisture. This condition applies to all types of foundations.
Waterproofing must be strong enough so that under the weight of the whole house the properties of reliable insulation from moisture are not violated for decades.
A strapping beam is laid on the waterproofing and securely fastened to the tape with a step of 400 mm or to the pile heads. The strapping beam should be at least 45x145 mm, but it is better to use a larger size, for example, 90x145 mm or 145x145 mm.
Read more about the features of its installation in the description of the arrangement of foundations.
Fasten the strapping bar into the tape is necessary using anchor bolts with a diameter of 12-14 mm. The bolt nut should be recessed into the beam and not stick out. To do this, pre-drill a small hole in it. larger diameter than a nut. The anchor must penetrate at least 100 mm into the foundation.
Fasten the strapping bar to the pile using a stud 12-16 mm with 2 nuts. Perfect option- this is to weld a stud into the center of the pile head with a 100-200 mm penetration inside the pile, followed by concreting the pile and welding the head to it. 2 or more layers of waterproofing are also laid on the pile, and the pin passes through the strapping beam through and through. It is cut off at the level of the beam and fixed with a nut with a pre-prepared hole to the nut was sunk into the beam.
Laying of SIP panels begins on the strapping beam in accordance with the laying plan. For the floor, it makes sense to use 625 mm wide panels to increase the number of joists. The design of the foundation must take into account the presence of support points and strapping beams under all internal walls.
AT quality construction they try to reduce the number of cold bridges and, accordingly, thermal seams. Therefore, it is advisable to mount the outer wall of the SIP panel before attaching the strapping beam, and start the floor panel after this outer wall(see Node 1.1). This solution will require the use of a higher wall SIP panel.
Economical option provides for the installation of wall SIP panels directly on the floor panels. In this case, there will be 3 thermal seams instead of 1. (see Knot 1.2), but the panels can be used in a smaller height. For builders, this solution is quicker and easier, as each wall panel does not need to be trimmed. But live in your house!
By choosing one of these options, you can proceed with the installation of floor SIP panels. They will either be shifted to the center of the house by 12 mm (OSB wall thickness wall panel) in the first option, or they will go flush with the strapping beam - according to option 2.
Floor panels are mounted according to the layout plan using the installation information of Node No. 2 Panel-Panel.
An important nuance - the lower part of the floor SIP panels is covered with mastic, to protect them from moisture in the ground. If possible the lower thermal gap of the floor panels is also sealed. If it is impossible to gain access to it after mounting the panel, it is necessary to apply sealant in advance
on an already installed panel.
There is also an alternative opinion that mastic cannot be used on the lower part of the first floor ceilings. If moisture penetrates from inside the house into the floor coverings, it will have nowhere to go. This may be due to poor-quality sealing of the seams (for example, they simply foamed it, instead of using the thermal seam technology).
The floor panels are fastened to the strapping beam first with a 4x60 mm self-tapping screw diagonally from the ends. This is necessary to prevent displacement of the panels in the plane of the foundation. After the installation of all floor panels is completed, their ends are closed with an antiseptic dry planed board 45x145 mm (end board in the diagram).
All technology the tabs of the beams in the panel must be pre-foamed with high-quality mounting foam-glue. In order for the foam to work as efficiently as possible, Before applying the foam, surfaces should be sprayed with water from a spray bottle.. The polymerization of the foam occurs under the influence of moisture, and this simple action will achieve best quality foam curing.
When the floor is completely ready, it begins installation of a connecting beam for fastening wall SIP panels. You can use 45x145 mm (in the diagram) or 90x145 mm - depending on the design of the house and the required balance of strength and thermal characteristics. The wall fastening beam is foamed from below and placed on the floor SIP panel.
There is a modification of the technology, when between this board and the floor SIP panel roll insulation from foamed polyethylene with a width of a bar and a thickness of 2-3 mm, or 2 grooves of 3-4 mm are made in the board and a cord of foamed polyethylene of 6-8 mm is laid (these insulation options are not shown in the diagram).
The connecting beam of the wall is fixed with a high-strength structural self-tapping screw TORX M8x280 mm (purple in the diagram). The length of the self-tapping screw is chosen so that it passes through the floor panel to the middle of the strapping beam). Fastening step - 400 mm. This is very important node fastening the wall to the foundation, we do not recommend saving on it!
Do not forget about the correct location of the mounting board on the floor SIP panel. When working according to Option No. 1, the board is flush with the panel. When working on economical option No. 2, the board is offset inside the house by 12 mm (the thickness of the OSB wall panel). Before installing the wall panel, the floor attachment board is sprayed with water and foamed from all sides (green seam in the diagram).
The wall panel is fastened to the fastening board from 2 sides (outside and inside the house) using TORX 4x60 mm structural self-tapping screws with a pitch of 150 mm.
Node #2. Panel-Panel
SIP panels are interconnected using connecting bar.
Its dimensions can be different: for panels with a thickness of insulation 150 mm, a dry planed antiseptic beam 145 mm wide and 90 mm thick is used (see diagram Option No. 1). The sampling grooves in the insulation are made with a depth of 40-45 mm.
Lightweight structures can be connected with timber / board 145x45 mm (see diagram Option No. 2).
The same lightweight version is sometimes used for roof panels. The depth of the groove in this case is 20-25 mm.
Also used dry planed board 145x25 mm for insertion into the grooves of the sample at the ends of the SIP panels. For example, in the lower and upper parts of the wall, along the perimeter of the floor panels, these are the ends of the roof overhangs.
Before inserting the beam into the panel groove, it is necessary to moisten the surfaces with water using a sprayer, then apply mounting foam into the SIP panel groove.
If the size of the beam and the depth of the insulation sample in the SIP panel are correctly selected, then the thermal seam between the walls of the panels will be 3-5 mm.
For high-quality sealing of the seam, it is necessary to use Izolon cord and sealant(see above). In this case, the thermal gap is called thermal seam - it will be elastic, air-moisture-proof and provide long term operation of SIP at home.
In cheap SIP construction, thermal seam technology is not used. All thermal gaps are foamed with mounting foam, which is cut off after drying.
The obvious disadvantage of this solution is that the foam under the influence of oxygen gradually collapses and crumbles. Moisture will get into the seam, and it will not only cold bridge, but also the probability of damage to the beam and the end of the panel fungi.
Cut ends of OSB boards SIP panels most susceptible to fungal damage, so they should be treated with an antiseptic. Ideally, buy SIP panels immediately with processed ends + independently process the ends when cutting a solid panel.
If a SIP panel is used 200 mm thick, for more durable option is suitable connecting beam 195x90 mm, and for lightweight - 195x45 mm.
A durable option is used if the house is being built voluminous or on several floors. A board 195x25 mm is also used to seal the ends of the panels.
In cheap SIP construction, builders can save on the use of quality timber desired thickness. There are 2 options for replacing timber with smaller boards.
Option number 3
Instead of a 90x145 mm beam, 2 dry planed boards 45x145 mm are used, fastened together with self-tapping screws and foam. It is obvious that this connection will provide a significant cold bridge over time.
Option number 4
3 boards are used to recreate the size of the beam 90x145 mm. This option is more difficult to manufacture, but the cold bridge will be smaller than in option No. 3.
Node #3. Panel angle 90,45,135o
There are several options for node mounting schemes. Options "Economy" with boards sticking out and 3 thermal seams, we will not give, as not recommended. Moreover, they save nothing but 20 minutes of the builders' work time.
The correct corner contains 1 thermal seam. In one of the panels, it is necessary to cut out the insulation and the inside of the OSB to fit the size of the second panel. After that, an additional selection of insulation under the beam 45x145 mm is made with a thermal knife and the internal beam is installed.
In the second panel, a selection of insulation is made for a beam of 45x145 mm (indicated in the diagram) or (if necessary, a structural reinforcement of this angle) a selection and a beam of 90x145 mm is used.
This corner beam it is first fixed to the first panel with TORX 4x60 self-tapping screws. It is necessary to fix it in such a way that there is room for the walls of the OSB of the second panel. If we mount the corner of the wall, then do not forget about the need for a fixing beam on the floor.
The second panel with the finished groove is inserted last. After leveling in all planes, the panels are fixed to the fixing beams around the perimeter.
Using only 4x60 mm self-tapping screws is not enough to securely fasten the corner. Basic fastener in this node is a TORX 8x200 structural self-tapping screw, which is fastened through the second panel into the fixing beam of the first panel with a pitch of 400 mm.
Installed in the same way sharp corners in SIP construction.
It is important to cut the fastening beam at the right angle and note that if the beam is placed at an angle in a panel with 150 mm insulation, the width of the beam must be more than 150 mm.
It may be necessary to use dry planed timber 45x195 mm or larger.
Also, the thickness of the timber used can be increased when it is necessary to strengthen the structural element.
Connecting SIP panels obtuse angle, for example, 135 degrees, it is possible to produce by analogy with the SIP panel - SIP panel assembly (see above), but the connecting bar must be used longer, since it also stands at an angle in the panel.
To simplify the installation of self-tapping screws at an angle, it may make sense to drill a hole of 2.5-3 mm with a drill.
It is also possible to use a thicker beam in the installation - if necessary, strengthen the structure.
Node #4. Window and door unit
Installation of a window and door opening on the diagrams is shown in a section of the plane of the wall.
SIP panels are mounted in such a way that a window opening of the required size is obtained.
a beam of 45x145 mm is laid.
The beam is fixed on self-tapping screws, and all seams are foamed, and outside, after the foam dries, they are covered with sealant.
The bar is recessed flush into the panel. It is important to ensure that the beam is level. This will greatly facilitate the subsequent installation of windows.
The doorway is mounted in many ways similar to the window. When installing walls the lower fixing beam remains on the floor until the installation of all sections of the wall is completed. This is necessary to ensure a flat plane of the wall.
At the end of the construction of the doorway, the fixing beam in it is cut out and removed.
A small SIP panel insert above the door can be mounted and inserted separately. It is very important to ensure the same plane of the panels to the left and right of the door.
Alternatively, you can pre-fix the connecting beam on top of the panels, this will simplify the alignment of the plane.
There is an installation option with a selection in niches (windows, doors) of only 25 mm and the use of timber, respectively, with a size of 145x25 mm.
The illustration shows an example of inserting a connecting beam into the opening before fixing it with self-tapping screws.
Node number 5. Interfloor overlap
Installation of an interfloor ceiling in a SIP house can also be performed in several ways.
In our options floor panels of the 2nd floor rest on the walls of the 1st floor and are fastened through with the fixing beam of the 2nd floor.(structural self-tapping screw 280 mm with a pitch of 400 mm in the diagram).
There is an opinion that it is cheaper to make an overlap using a standard frame technology - wooden logs and cotton. But considering all the subtleties correct installation frame floors and moisture / vapor barrier wool, then the option with SIP panels will not be much more expensive.
Most often used for overlays SIP panels 625 mm wide, which allows you to increase the number of lags and structural strength. Lags in this case are fastening beams in SIP panels.
The fixing beam of the ceiling of the 1st floor, the floor of the 2nd floor and the floor log can be either 45x145 mm or 90x145 mm, depending on the required structural strength of the building.
Option number 1
The installation of the wall of the first floor ends with a beam 45x145 mm in the groove of the wall panel. It is based on the SIP panel of the interfloor overlap. It makes sense to immediately assemble a whole row of panels and fix the floors in rows according to the designed plan for laying out the panels.
In Option No. 1, the floor panel has a shift of 12 mm inside the house so that the OSB wall panel of the 2nd floor closes the ceiling. This allows you to make 1 thermal seam, instead of 4. But in this case, it is necessary to use higher wall SIP panels.
The lags themselves are not shown in the diagram, only the junction with the wall of the 1st and 2nd floors.
During installation, the floor panel must be fixed with temporary fasteners to the fixing beam of the wall of the 1st floor. After laying out the row along the wall, it is necessary to mount the fastening beam of the walls of the 2nd floor on the panels and tighten the structure with a long TORX 8x400 mm structural self-tapping screw with a pitch of 400 mm.
SIP wall panels of the 2nd floor are cut from the inside to the thickness of the ceiling + a selection of insulation is made in them with a thermal knife under the fixing beam of the floor of the 2nd floor.
Node number 6. Mauerlat. Wall-Roof
The wall connection unit from SIP panels is presented in the variant with overlapping ceiling of 2 floors also from SIP panels.
Just like in floors(see above), this overlap can be done according to different technologies, including the one shown in the diagram.
The outer OSB wall goes to the end of the wall. Inside, a cutout is made for the installation of the ceiling and a sample for the connecting beam. Installation begins with the installation of this connecting beam and bringing all the beams of this wall to the same plane using a laser level.
SIP panels we mount the ceilings with the end board already fixed in them. Installation of panels should be carried out in rows, fixing the panels on temporary fasteners so that they do not move out along the installation plane.
We use the designed panel layout plan. For floors, SIP panels with a width of 625 mm are most often taken.
The wall node ends with the installation of a beam called " Mauerlat". This is a thick beam beveled at an angle of inclination of the wall, for example, 150x150 mm. Mauerlat is fixed through the floor panel to the connecting beam of the wall of the 2nd floor using TORX 8x280 mm structural self-tapping screws with a pitch of 400 mm.
On the roof panel, which also most often has a width of 625 mm, is mounted locking bar 50x50 mm - to rest against the Mauerlat and prevent the panel from slipping off the roof during installation. This bar is necessary only for the convenience of starting the installation of the panel and will not bear the main structural load.
The main fasteners for the SIP roof panel are TORX 8x240 mm structural self-tapping screws, also with a pitch of 400 mm.
Upon completion of the installation of the roof, the end parts of the roof panels are sewn up with a board 45x145 mm or 25x145 mm.
There is an option to mount the roof with SIP panel only up to the beginning of the wall. Further, the roof is carried out using a connecting beam of panels (rafters), but without insulation inside. This solution saves on required area panels, but ultimately depends on the length of the span and the need to cut the panels or use whole ones.
Node number 7. Run. roof panels
A run is a thick beam, beveled at the corner of the roof, which transfers the load to the walls from the middle part of the roof (between the Mauerlat and the ridge). A run is required when the roof span is more than 4 meters long.
The beam of the run is mounted in the walls in a niche prepared for it. From the niche, it is necessary to select a heater with a thermal knife and install a connecting beam according to the diagram.
The purlin must not be installed in an unprepared opening, relying only on the edge of the OSB boards!
The connection of the roof panels is carried out at the installation site of the purlin beam. As a connecting one, 45x145 mm or 90x145 mm is used (according to the project and calculations).
The connecting bars perpendicular to the Mauerlat, girder and ridge will be the roof rafters.
SIP roofs do not require a separate rafter system under them.
The main fastener of the assembly is a structural self-tapping screw TORX 8x360 mm and 8x280 mm. Long screw must also pass through the connecting beam under the run. Self-tapping screws 280 mm go in the span, between the walls.
It is possible to strengthen the structure with the help of galvanized mounting angles, which additionally fix the rafters to the run. When using them, you will need to make a small cut in the next SIP panel under the corner.
The most popular solution is the use of SIP panels with a 200 mm insulation thickness in roof panels. In this case, a wider beam of 45x195 mm or 90x195 mm is used.
There are solutions that involve the use of a standard truss system UNDER SIP roof. This makes it possible to increase the strength of the structure, but also increases the installation time.
Node number 8. Roof ridge
Ridge or ridge beam - main load-bearing element roof, located at the very top of the frame. Usually this is a beam 150x150 mm or bigger size. For long, thick beams, it makes sense to use high-quality glued beam solutions. They give minimal deformation and sagging.
The connecting bars of the SIP roof panels are at the same time truss system, tied together using a board 45x145 mm with TORX 4x95 self-tapping screws. The strapping board in this case goes along the outer layer of the SIP panel.
The main supporting fastener of the assembly is a TORX 8x240 mm structural self-tapping screw. In the case of fasteners through the cross section of rafters with a thickness of 45 mm, it makes sense to drill a hole of 5-6 mm under the self-tapping screw in the rafters to prevent cracking during installation.
It also makes sense to fix the rafters with mounting angles to the ridge beam, as well as connect the rafters with a galvanized plate different rays roofs.
