Roofing pie for a roof from a metal tile. Elements of a flat roof: the structure of the roofing pie and its features Roof and its components

Flat roofs of buildings are often used as outdoor sports, helipads, recreation areas, solariums, swimming pools, parking lots, etc. These types of roofs are called exploitable. According to the type of purpose of the structure on them or the form of use, the composition of the structure of the building cover is selected.

The composition of the coating of exploited roofs

The composition of the coating for exploited roofs is selected depending on:

• operating conditions;
• type of supporting structure;
• loads and impacts on the coating;
• the climate of the construction area and the aggressiveness of the environment;
• the order of arrangement of the layers of the coating structure (traditional, inversion);
• requirements of sanitary and fire safety standards;
• operational properties of the materials used.

One of the main differences between exploited roofs is the additional load from the equipment used, the weight of people, transport and increased loads from the coating materials. Therefore, all supporting structures of such a roof must be selected by calculation.

Roofing with a direct arrangement of layers

The composition of operated combined roofs of the traditional type involves laying the main waterproof carpet on the heat-insulating layer. Between them, a leveling, most often reinforced screed is arranged.

1 - floor slab; 2 - cement-sand screed; 3 - vapor barrier; 4 - insulation; 5 - waterproofing; 6 - reinforced screed; 7 - basic waterproofing; 8 - geotextile; 9 - tiles on plastic supports

The sequence of the roofing composition of direct location:

1. Reinforced concrete floor slab.
2. Cement-sand screed (sloping).
3. Additional vapor barrier.
4. Insulation.
5. Reinforced concrete (cement-sand) screed.
6. Basic waterproofing.
7. Operating coverage.

To protect the thermal insulation from moisture during the laying of the screed on it, a separating layer of waterproofing roll material is arranged on the surface of the porous insulation. The elastic characteristics of the heat insulator are taken into account in calculating the thickness and number of screed reinforcement.

Bituminous, bitumen-polymer, reinforced with a synthetic base, film elastomeric materials are used as the main and additional waterproof layers for exploited roofs. The number of layers is accepted:

• for bitumen-polymer materials - 1-3 for the main layer and 1-2 for the additional one;
• for membranes - 1 layer.

EPDM membranes can be used for operating roofs. They are made from thermoplastic rubber. They have high strength, resistance to sunlight, elastic, heat-resistant. Their service life is up to 50 years.

Inverted roof

The inversion roof has the reverse arrangement of layers. The main layer of water protection is laid directly on the carrier coating. Next, thermal insulation is laid, along which the entire composition of the roof is already arranged, which meets the operational requirements of the structure.

1 - floor slab; 2 - slope-forming screed; 3 - waterproofing; 4 - thermal insulation; 5 - geotextile; 6 - drainage; 7 - geotextile; 8 - cement-sand screed; 9 - tile; 10 - tin parapet

The composition of the inversion roof:

1. The supporting structure of the floor.
2. Screed made of lightweight concrete or cement-sand mortar, forming a slope.
3. Soil base of cement-sand mortar.
4. The main layer of water protection.
5. Thermal insulation.
6. filter layer.
7. Operating coverage.

For this type of roofing, it is allowed to use heaters made of materials with a low water absorption rate. These include PPU (PUR and PIR) thermal insulation, which is made on the basis of polyurethane foam and polyisocyanurate foam. This type of insulation also meets the requirements for rigidity and strength of an insulator for inverted operated roofs.

The thermal conductivity index of PU foam thermal insulation is 0.022 W/m∙K, which is less than that of extruded polystyrene foam (0.028 W/m∙K) or mineral wool (0.038 W/m∙K). This makes it possible, when using it, to reduce the thickness of the heat-insulating layer. In addition, PUR and PIR insulation has fire safety, biostability and environmental friendliness, which is important for roofs in operation.

The thickness of the heat insulator depends on the climate of the construction area and is assigned according to the heat engineering calculation. In terms of compressive strength, the insulation should have an indicator of more than 0.45 MPa.

Pedestrian areas

"Clothes" covering terraces, viewing, sports grounds, summer cafes are exposed to pedestrian loads and equipment. Waterproofing is carried out for such roofs from at least 2 layers of mastic or roll-type polymer membranes. Its slope is 1.5-2% (1%). The slope of the ramps must be less than 10% (6%).

1 - floor slab; 2 - concrete screed; 3 - waterproofing; 4 - drainage material; 5 - insulation; 6 - geotextile; 7 - sand-cement mixture; 8 - paving slabs

A monolithic protective coating involves the use of class B25 (C20 / 25) grade M350 concrete with frost resistance F150, reinforced with a mesh in the middle layer with 100x100 cells made of wire with a diameter of 5 mm S500. The thickness of its layer is allowed more than 40 mm. Piece materials of the "clothing" of the roof (slabs: paving, concrete, ceramic, etc.) are laid on the preparation of a dry cement-sand mortar with a brand of more than 100 frost resistance F150, sandy, sandy-gravel base. The thickness of the underlying layer should be more than 30 mm.

In order to protect the moisture insulation from mechanical impact during the installation of drainage backfill, a separating layer of synthetic film with a thickness of more than 200 microns and geotextile is laid under it.

Car sites

Parking lots or areas involving the passage of vehicles experience dynamic loads from the movement of cars and the weight of the cars themselves. For this type of roofing, waterproofing is performed with a slope of 1.5-5% (1-3%). At the same time, its composition involves the use of rolled bitumen-polymer materials reinforced with a synthetic base, film membranes.

The top covering of the platforms can be made of:

• monolithic asphalt concrete 40 mm thick;
• reinforced concrete slabs with a thickness of more than 80 mm with concrete class C20 / 25;
• paving (concrete) tiles with a thickness of more than 80 mm.

1 - floor slab; 2 - slope-forming screed; 3 - cement-sand reinforced screed; 4 - waterproofing; 5 - drainage layer; 6 - insulation; 7 - drainage layer; 8 - waterproofing; nine - cement-sand reinforced screed; 10 - asphalt concrete

The underlying layer for them is a monolithic reinforced concrete preparation (class C20 / 25 concrete), the thickness of which is assumed to be more than 80 mm. As reinforcement, a mesh with 100x100 cells made of wire with a diameter of 5 mm S500 or two composite meshes of a periodic profile with a diameter of more than 6 mm with cells of 200x200 fit into its middle layer.

Under the concrete screed, gravel is added (fraction 3-15 mm), laid on a drainage geotextile cover.

Vegetated pitches

The slope of operated roofs with grassy soil cover is also provided for 1.5-2% (1%). As water protection, waterproofing membranes or roll materials are used, consisting of at least two layers. The protective coating is:

• soil substrate;
• a layer that creates a microclimate;
• filter layer;
• drainage layer;
• separating layer.

1 - concrete base; 2 - bitumen-polymer roofing membrane; 3 - insulation; 4 - separating layer (geotextile); 5 - drainage profile membrane; 6 - filter layer (geotextile); 7 - fertile layer with plants

The thickness of the soil layer directly depends on the type of green spaces and is:

• 180 mm - for grass lawn;
• 240 mm - for flowering plants;
• 350 mm - for bushes;
• 750 mm - for trees.

A synthetic carpet is laid under the soil layer, impregnated with a special solution from root germination. It also stores moisture to create a microclimate.

The drainage layer is selected based on the horizontal water permeability index (not less than 4.3 l/m/s) and the compressive strength index (more than 300 kN/m2). In addition, the biostability of the drainage material, its inertness to an alkaline environment and plant germination are taken into account.

Basic design requirements for operated roofs

It is very important when erecting roofs to install expansion joints with a minimum width of 5-10 mm. The size of the areas between the seams is:

• 6x6 m - for leveling cement-sand screeds;
• 4x4 m - for fine-grained asphalt concrete.

Compensatory strips are laid along the temperature-shrinkage seams, the width of which is 15-20 cm. They are glued to both sides of the seams.

A waterproofing carpet can only be laid directly on the surface of the insulation, guided by the results of the strength calculation, taking into account the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of the heat insulator. The adjunction of the roof to all protruding roof structures is protected from moisture by placing a waterproofing layer on vertical surfaces of at least 25 cm.

Drainage in the case of operated roofs is provided internal. It is important to pay special attention to the junction of the roof to the drainage funnels, walls and parapet. They must be carried out in accordance with all regulatory recommendations.

The number of funnels depends on the catchment area and is determined by calculation. For example, for roofs with landscaping, the maximum distance between drainage funnels should be no more than 24 m. With an area of ​​​​up to 500 m 2, one funnel with a diameter of at least 10 cm can be made. Their design is selected taking into account the type of roof.

The operated roof solves the problems of large cities with a shortage of space. Roofs with landscaping make it possible to enjoy all the benefits of nature without leaving the city, and sometimes even within your own home.

The roof is an essential element of every home. When starting construction, repair, or even regular maintenance, many owners of private houses are surprised at how complex a system consisting of many different components is an ordinary roof. Therefore, before starting work, you should understand each of the components and their purpose. We list the most common elements of the roof, which are found in most cases.

Usually the roof consists of the following elements:

• skate;
• draft flooring;
• counterlattice;
• crate;
• rafter system;
• truss rack;
• crossbar;
• mother;
• filly;
• eaves.

The roof may have a different scheme. Sometimes there are additional elements, and some roofs are built according to a simplified scheme. But usually all these components are used in construction. Now let's talk about each of them in more detail.

Skate

The ridge is the uppermost element that closes the joint between the roof slopes. Most often found on gable roofs. But sometimes it can also be seen on more complex four-slope ones.

It can be made of various materials, depending on the main material of the roof - metal tiles, slate, profiled sheet, ondulin and other materials.

Draft flooring

It is a base on which waterproofing material is laid - most often tiles. When using slate and corrugated board, some builders prefer to abandon it in order to reduce work time, reduce the load on the rafters, and at the same time reduce the cost of purchasing building materials.

The rough flooring is laid directly on the rafters. Usually made of thick plywood, fiberboard, chipboard or boards.

Counter-lattice and crate

The counter-lattice is installed on the rough flooring. The bars that form it are laid across the roof. Its main purpose is to ensure ventilation of the entire under-roof space - between the roof and the crate.

The batten is mounted on top of the counter batten. The bars are laid along the roof. The roof itself is laid on the crate and fixed. Thus, the crate takes the entire weight of the coating, transfers it to the counter-batten, which, in turn, transfers the load to the rafters.

The perpendicular arrangement of wooden bars, from which the crate and counter-batten are made, allows for the most even distribution of the load.

If ondulin or roofing material is used as the main roofing material, this greatly simplifies the process. Laying is carried out directly on top of the rough decking - intermediate roofing elements are not necessary.

Rafter system and related elements

A rafter is a bar of large section, fixed at a certain angle on the top of the wall and transferring the load from the roof to it.

Rafter truss - a vertical bar installed between the rafters and the mat. Its main purpose is the partial removal of the load from the rafters, as well as the organization of the walls of the attic.

Crossbar - a board connecting paired rafters at the bottom. Thanks to it, the rigidity of the truss truss increases.

Filly - a board that lengthens the rafter (or rather, the rafter leg), allowing you to organize the roof overhang.

The truss system consists of all of the above elements. It represents a triangular truss, not only transferring the load from the roof, snow and other things to the wall, but also resisting the wind.

The height of the triangle formed by the truss system depends on the intensity of the winds and the abundance of snowfalls in the region. The stronger the wind, the lower the triangle should be to reduce drag. On the other hand, the high height makes it easier to remove snow from the roof.

The cross section of the bars used as rafters depends not only on the type of roof, but also on the amount of snow falling during the winter, the strength of the winds. When designing, it is necessary to take into account both permanent loads and temporary ones - otherwise, after a heavy snowfall, the rafters may break, which will lead to the complete destruction of the roof.

Roof overhang - the part of the structure that protrudes beyond the outer walls. It allows you to reduce the amount of moisture that falls due to precipitation on the surface of the walls. Its length should be at least 70-80 cm.

These are the most common elements of the roof. Knowing them, everyone can imagine a standard roof. But there are also many other elements that are desirable, and in some cases mandatory when building a roof.

What are passing elements?

Often, homeowners need to bring some structures through the roof. This can be a television antenna cable, ventilation, as well as a pipe from a fireplace, heating boiler or stove.

It is in such cases that special passage elements for the roof are used. They are made from both metal and clay, which allows you to choose the right option for both roofing from and from metal tiles. Installation is possible during the installation of the coating and during repairs. Roof penetrations are usually installed on the crate using self-tapping screws of the appropriate length.

A special, carefully calibrated shape eliminates the possibility of rain or melt water seeping through the cracks, usually formed when connecting elements of different shapes.

What you need to know about roof safety elements?

Of course, if we talk about the device of the roof, then it is necessary to mention the safety elements of the roof.

First of all, it is customary to include:

• stairs;
• fences;
• snow retainers;
• transition bridges.

It’s worth starting with snow retainers - according to many experts, they are the most important safety element. Their purpose is to exclude the possibility of unplanned ice and snow coming off the roof. This problem is especially relevant for our country, most of the regions of which are located in rather difficult climatic zones. Heavy snowfalls, significant daily temperature fluctuations often lead to very unpleasant consequences.

A few heavy snowfalls, alternating with warm, sunny days and cold nights, can form a mixture of snow and ice weighing several tons on the roof. Often, under its own weight, this mass slides off the roof, especially if ondulin, roofing material without powder, profiled sheet or metal tile is used as the main coating.

A snow-ice block can break a car, and if it falls on a person, at best, fractures await him. Snow guards, made in the form of a grid, strips or tubes, do not allow snow to leave the roof.

Guardrails are necessary to ensure the safety of a person climbing onto a roof. Whether a homeowner needs to remove snow, fix an antenna, or do other work, there is always a risk that he will fall, whether due to dizziness or a gust of wind. But the fence allows you to almost completely eliminate such a danger.

To easily move around the roof, climbing it on a ladder, causing minimal damage, special ladders are installed. They allow you to easily climb onto the ridge, at the same time distributing the load from the human body over a large area, preventing damage to the roofing material.

Finally, transition bridges. They are a profile with teeth, made of sheet metal. The special shape eliminates the possibility of clogging the bridges with snow. Installed along the roof, they make it easy to get to the right place, not only distributing the load over its entire area, but also reducing the risk of slipping.

As you can see, an ordinary roof has a much more complex scheme than it might seem at first glance. But still, having studied the various elements, their location and purpose, each reader will be able to easily deal with its device. This will greatly simplify the repair, and if necessary, the design of a new roof.

Useful video about roofing elements

The choice of roofing material and roof structure is made during the development of the building project. It all depends on the design of the building, its construction and purpose. Roof elements, materials for the device, the choice of the type of roof depend on many factors. First of all, these are climatic and geographical conditions, architectural requirements for the structure and the degree of capitalization of the building. The design of the roof of a bathhouse or some outbuilding may be completely different from that of a residential building.

There are three main elements at the roof: rafters, lathing and a protective part, that is, a roof. The horizontal parts are called the groove, the ridge and the valley. Slopes and ribs act as inclined surfaces. Gutters are sometimes used to provide runoff at the lower edge of the slope.

Structural elements of the roof

Now consider what the roof consists of and its protective coating - the roof.

It is known that all buildings have at least some upper ceiling, and in civilized buildings it can be of two types:

• Attic (or top) ceiling. Serves to protect against cooling.
• Roof. Provides protection of the entire building from precipitation, sun and wind.

Structural elements of the roof

The main elements of the roof:

• One of the main elements is a slope - the so-called system of inclined planes, which contributes to the trouble-free removal of precipitation from the roof. We can say that it provides its water resistance.
• Ribs are protruding corners that appear due to the intersection of the slopes.
• The endova, or groove, is the internal corners formed at the intersection of two slopes. One of the main structural elements.
• Descent - this is the name of the lower part of the slope.
• Drip - and this is the lower part of the descent, which protects the cornice and wall from water.

• Beyond the edge of the outer walls of the building protrudes the horizontal part of the slope, which is called the cornice overhang.
• There is also a frontal overhang, which is called the inclined part of the slope.
• A gutter is necessarily made at the edge of the slope - a place to collect melt and rainwater.

The liquid collected by the gutters is discharged and discharged down with the help of a water outlet, which can be of two types:

• outdoor, in which drainpipes are installed at the outer wall of the building;
• internal - drainpipes are mounted inside the walls, most often used if a flat roof is installed.

However, gutters and spillways can be omitted if the height of the building is small and the construction area is small. Water will fall from the edge of the roof directly to the ground.

Roof elements are laid in the longitudinal or transverse direction. Sheets of roofing steel are joined into a lock, and all other coatings are overlapped.

A chart that helps you choose the material to cover and the type of drainage system depending on the slope of the roof.

An important parameter of the roof is the slope, which protects the roof from the accumulation of precipitation, especially snow. It is expressed mainly in degrees, but in the drawings you can also see the slope as a percentage. The coating material and the method of removing moisture from the roof depend on this indicator.

Geometric roof shapes

Surely for some people uninitiated in construction it will be a surprise how many different geometric shapes of the roof exist. Of course, each of them is used for a certain type of building:

• Single roof. It is used for fairly simple buildings on which there are no downpipes and snow dumping. It is also optimal for those buildings that adjoin the longitudinal side to a larger building. It is indispensable for auxiliary buildings: baths, toilets, gazebos, etc. The simplest type of roof that does not require a large amount of material, but at the same time one of the most durable.
• Gable, or gable. This is a design of two inclined slopes. The triangular space between the slopes is called tongs or gables. One of the most popular types of roofs used in the construction of houses, cottages and buildings with a small number of floors.

Roofs are different, as this figure shows. There is no gable roof. The conical gable design looks the most original

• Four-slope. It is subdivided into hip and tent. It is used mainly in rural and country construction.
• Dome. Used to cover buildings. One of the oldest types of roof. Often used in the construction of hotels or pavilions.
• Attic. A type of gable roof.
• vaulted. Used to cover industrial or public buildings of a rectangular plan.
• Conical. Indispensable in the construction of round buildings.
• Pyramidal. "Serves" buildings of a square or polygonal plan.

As you can see, depending on the shape and purpose of the building, one or another type of roof is used. For a toilet or a bath, using a four-pitched structure is complete nonsense, in the same way, for multi-storey buildings, a single-pitched roof is not a suitable option.

In addition to the shape, the roofs are also divided according to their design. According to this indicator, they can be attic and non-attic. Attic (separate) roofs, depending on the type of building, can be insulated or made cold. In combined (non-attic) roofs, load-bearing elements cover the top floor of the building. Non-attic roofs are built without ventilation or with full or partial ventilation.

Difference between attic and non-attic roof. In roofs without an attic, the load-bearing wall takes over.

As we have already mentioned, the choice of the shape of the roof depends on the architectural design, the type of roofing material, etc. The slope of the slopes and the features of the supporting structure decide a lot. You can not neglect the climatic conditions. In warm areas, roofs with a slight slope are popular, and in snowy conditions, with a steep slope and a small overhang so that snow does not linger on the roof. In conditions of strong winds, the structure should be flat to reduce windage.

rafters

As the base of any roof, rafters made of wooden boards or beams are used. This is a load-bearing structure that takes the weight of the roof on itself, so it is always made of high quality wood, without cracks and rot. The material for the manufacture of rafters are coniferous boards or beams. They should be perfectly dried and contain a minimum number of knots. Logs are acceptable, but they are much heavier.

The support for the rafters is the Mauerlat. This is a beam with a cross section of at least 10x10 cm or a log, necessarily hewn from the underside. This element is also designed to ensure that the load on the load-bearing walls is evenly distributed. As a mauerlat, the upper crown of the log house can be used for the construction of block-beamed and chopped buildings.

The scheme of rafters for a gable roof. Mauerlat as a support is required.

The cross section of the rafters is calculated additionally, and it depends on several indicators: the load created by the weight of the roof and snowfall, the pitch of the rafters, the size of the span and the slope of the roof. According to the installation method, the rafters are divided into two types: layered and hanging. The former are installed obliquely on supports, which are the outer walls (at a single-pitched roof) or internal with outer ones (at a gable roof). Hanging rafters rest only on the walls of the building. They are installed in those buildings where there are no additional supports and internal load-bearing walls.

Sheathing is used as the basis for maintaining and laying the roof. It can be solid, but most often it is done with some step, which depends on the material. The main requirements for the manufacture of the base:

• all parts must be tightly fixed on the supporting structure;
• joints above the rafters must be spaced apart.

Crate with pitch is used when the coating is made of asbestos-cement sheets, tiles or sheet steel.

Solid flooring can also be used as a base, however, it is only suitable for roll material or flat asbestos cement tiles. The distance between boards or beams should be the same over the entire surface.

The crate is made from edged boards. Depending on the type of proposed roof and roof structure, it can be solid or discharged.

General conclusions

The device of the roof, although it seems complicated, however, contains elements, each of which performs its own functions. A lot depends on the design of the entire roof, which is developed during the design of the building or renovation planning.

The roof of your house will be reliable and durable only when all the components are correctly and correctly installed: roofing, ribs, ridges, gutters, pipe connections and other components. It is better to buy a roof in a complete set, which has all the necessary materials and accessories, and from one manufacturer.

Roof of a complex configuration with a fantasy design

Private architects or design bureaus should be engaged in the design of buildings, since only they have the necessary permission to do so. The finished project of the house contains a roof plan, all nodes and details of the roof structure. Direct construction should be trusted only to professionals who will perform high-quality installation and provide a guarantee for the work performed.

Let us consider in detail the elements of the roof that make up the roofing pie under the metal tile. As you know, the roof of any building has a layered structure, which is commonly called a roofing pie. The design of the roof, i.e., the “components of the pie”, must meet the requirements of the relevant regulatory documents, namely SP 31-101-97 “Design and construction of roofs”. Currently, metal roofing is one of the most common types of roofing roof systems for low-rise residential buildings. High operational properties of this material provide reliability and durability of a covering of a roof. Durability, comparative simplicity of laying technique, low weight and aesthetic appearance ensure the popularity of metal roofing.

The roofing cake for metal tiles has a certain composition, which depends on the purpose of the under-roof space.

Warm attic

If a warm room (warm attic) is planned in the under-roof space, then the cake has the following composition:

• metal tile;
• crate;
• counterlattice;
• waterproofing membrane;
• non-combustible insulation between the rafters;
• vapor barrier membrane;
• filing.

Cold attic

In the case when a cold attic is arranged instead of a warm attic, elements such as insulation and vapor barrier are excluded from the composition of the roofing pie.

Roof composition

Let us consider in more detail each layer of a warm roof made of metal.

metal tile

Represents sheets of galvanized steel profiled in two directions with a protective polymer coating. As a rule, the length of the sheet corresponds to the length of the slope. This material is suitable for pitched roofs with a slope of more than 14 degrees, and is suitable for all climatic zones of construction. When constructing a gable roof, sheets of metal tiles are laid from the end, while the above-laid rows are overlapped by the ones below. Sheets of metal tiles are attached to the base using screws with a sealing washer.

Base

The base for the metal tile is a wooden crate and a counter-crate made of a bar with a section of 50 × 50 or boards of 32 × 100. Sheets of metal tiles are attached to the bars of the battens, which, in turn, are attached to the bars of the counter-battens fixed on the rafters. The counter grating creates an air gap between the insulation in the body of the rafters and the top covering of the roof, which provides ventilation of the roof from the eaves to the ridge and prevents the formation of condensate. It is not advisable to arrange a solid wooden flooring under the metal tile, therefore, the elements of the crate are arranged in increments of 350–400 mm (depending on the wave pitch). In places of grooves and along cornices, flooring is made of boards 140–150 mm wide. Before starting work, all wooden base elements must be treated with an antiseptic and fire retardant impregnation composition.

waterproofing membrane

Such a film or membrane protects the roof from moisture, leaks and dampness. Manufacturers offer a large selection of breathable film membranes designed for roof waterproofing: Yutafol, Tyvek, Delta and Izospan.

The waterproofing membrane is a perforated reinforced polymer film and provides ventilation of the roofing pie: the membrane allows steam to pass from the bottom side and retains moisture from the top.

The main technical characteristics of the films are: UV resistance, thickness, vapor permeability, service life. Waterproofing work can be carried out in dry weather. The rolled material of the waterproofing film is rolled out over all elements of the roof, overlapping, across the rafters from the eaves to the ridge. The lower sheet of waterproofing is brought to the frontal board of the eaves. The amount of overlap of the film depends on the angle of the slope and is at least 7 cm. To seal the joints, adhesive tape and special dispersion compounds are used.

insulation

For the installation of an insulated roof, only non-combustible mineral wool insulation is used. It is a mistake to believe that the problem of flammability of a pitched roof polymer insulation can be solved with the help of flame retardant impregnations. The main technical characteristics of thermal insulation materials are: thermal conductivity coefficient, combustibility group, rigidity, vapor permeability, specified service life. The thickness of the insulation depends on its coefficient of thermal conductivity, it is selected according to the heat engineering calculation for a particular construction area and is usually at least 150 mm. To date, manufacturers produce special slab insulation for roofing: Knauf Pitched Roof, Isover Pitched Roof, URSA, Rockwool, Tekhnoruf, etc. Insulation plates are placed in the body of the rafters by surprise and fixed between the rafters due to its elasticity.

vapor barrier

It prevents the formation of condensate, which can form on the surface of the insulation due to the difference in air temperature inside the heated room and outside. The vapor barrier material does not allow warm air (vapours) to pass through. Thanks to this, the insulation remains dry and will be able to perform its function for a long time. The vapor barrier is fixed to the rafters with a stapler. The working webs of the vapor barrier are overlapped, the joints are sealed. Manufacturers offer a wide range of vapor barrier materials that differ in density and vapor permeability.

Inner lining

It is carried out from boards or sheets of drywall after the installation of all layers of the roofing cake is completed.

Conclusion

High-quality materials from which the roof is made and construction works in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents are a guarantee that the roof will protect the house for a long time from any kind of atmospheric influences and will create conditions for comfortable living in it. See also video

Before starting the construction of the roof, it is necessary to design it, and after that, installation work begins.

Roof area

The area of ​​the roof is extremely important in construction. The roof area is calculated using geometry. The roof area is divided into geometric fragments, while using the following geometric shapes:

• triangles;
• trapeze;
• rectangles;
• parallelepipeds.

The roof area will be calculated according to the appropriate formulas. When calculating, it makes sense to take into account the angle of the roof. Each roof element is multiplied by the cosine of the roof angle and after adding the results, you get the roof area.

roof overhang

The calculation of the roof should be made not along the edges, but along the cornice overhangs. Any roofing material is overlapped, for this reason it is necessary to take into account the increase in the area of ​​the roofing material. Usually the area of ​​the roofing material increases by 10 - 15%, but under certain circumstances, there is a possibility of its increase by 15 - 20%.

Roof composition

Be sure to indicate in your project, all the constituent details of the roofing that you use. Here is an example of what is usually included in the roof:

• rafter system;
• crate system;
• hydro-thermal-noise insulation system;
• roofing;
• drain system;
• add-on elements.

Draw up not only an exact design of the roof, but also indicate exactly each element of the roof.

roof angle

I consider it necessary to warn you that the calculation of the roof is not the easiest procedure and without fail requires a thorough, professional approach.

Above we talked about how to correctly calculate the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe roof with a slope. You need to know exactly the angle of inclination, then multiply its cosine by the area of ​​​​the roof and add them together, so you will calculate the angle of inclination. Also, do not forget to take into account the material of which your roof will consist.

Our company specializes in the calculation, installation and repair of roofing. Highly qualified specialists of our company, qualitatively and on time, will perform calculations of the roof of any complexity.