Attic in Izhd that can be placed. Unexpected advantage of the "last floor". Expanding the living space due to the attic space. The right to dispose of the attic area

Apartments on the upper floors are not particularly popular, since residents of such apartments often have to solve problems with roof leakage on their own. However, the location of apartments in some cases provides a unique opportunity to expand living space and turn a standard apartment into a two-level apartment. This can be done by attaching a part of the attic space located directly above the apartment, and the experts of the site portal will tell in this article how realistic it is to implement such a plan and how to do it.

Targets and goals

Attic spaces are an indispensable element of the project of a multi-storey building, however, for the most part, these premises are not operated in any way. To join part of the attic, apartments on the top floor of a house with a sloping roof are best suited, since the height of the attic makes it possible to create the conditions necessary for comfortable living there. Most often, it is technically possible to connect part of the attic, since the purpose of the attic implies the possibility of the periodic presence of people there (for maintenance of passing communications, etc.). That is, the bearing plane of the attic floor is able to withstand loads comparable to the loads that occur during the operation of residential premises.

Legal Issues

However, you cannot live in the attic, because, from the point of view of the law, the attic is not a living space. Therefore, in order for an attic to acquire the status of a living space, it must be appropriately equipped, turning it into an attic floor, for the operation of which there will no longer be any claims as a living space. But the attic space is not "no man's", therefore, in order for the owner of the apartment on the top floor to carry out any work, and then attach part of the attic area to the area of ​​\u200b\u200bits own apartment, and use this area, it is necessary to issue property rights. In addition, it is also necessary to legalize the changes made, otherwise representatives of the regulatory authorities may oblige “to return everything as it was”, as well as impose a fine.

The right to dispose of the attic space

So, in order to use the attic area, you must first obtain the right to dispose of this area, that is, you need to transfer the rights from the current owner. The attic space (in most cases) is part of the common property of the tenants of the apartment building, like any room in the house (basement, pram room, concierge room, other household premises) that is not someone's private property. Therefore, to join the attic, you need permission from the general meeting of owners. It will not be easy to obtain such consent, but it is possible.

Action plan

An approximate plan of action on the top floor, who wants to attach part of the attic area, will look like this:

1.​ Obtain confirmation regarding the technical feasibility of rebuilding the attic and its further operation as a living space;

2. To issue property rights to a part of the attic space, having agreed with the residents of the house;

3. Obtain permission to carry out work on the reconstruction of the attic;

4. Perform reorganization works;

5. Obtain permission to put the attic space into operation;

6. Officially register the resulting living space.

Expertise

Before entering into negotiations with neighbors (which is one of the most difficult parts of the project), the following questions need to be answered:

• Will it be possible to make an attic room suitable for living from the attic, and will the reconstruction work cause damage to the integrity of the building, its individual elements;
• Will it be possible to obtain permission from the regulatory authorities to carry out work (and, accordingly, subsequently register the premises as living space).

The answer to these questions can be given by an official conclusion, which is issued on the basis of an examination. To conduct an examination, contact the state regulatory authorities (the first instance will be the city architectural inspection). The official conclusion of the state body will be sufficient grounds for obtaining permission to rebuild the attic.

Funding Amounts

An additional result of the examination will be an understanding of the amount of money that will have to be spent directly on construction and finishing work, as well as on organizational issues, which will be described below. In other words, it will become clear - “is the game worth the candle”, in some cases it may turn out that it is easier and cheaper to purchase a more spacious apartment than to join an attic space. However, if we are talking about an apartment in a metropolis, we can almost say for sure that adding part of the attic is more profitable than exchanging an apartment for a more spacious one (not to mention two-level apartments).

Property rights

The attic space belongs to all residents of the house, therefore, their consent is required for part of the total area to be operated by the owner of one apartment. The only way to obtain a collective decision is to hold a meeting of owners who, by law, can give their consent to the following actions:

• Carrying out reconstruction of the attic space with a decrease in the share of common property. In other words, the tenants agree to transfer part of the attic into the ownership of the owner of one of the apartments, for such a decision to be made, the unanimous approval of the collective meeting is required;
• Carrying out reconstruction without reducing the share of common property. At the same time, part of the attic can be transferred on a long-term lease or for free use. That is, useful square meters remain the property of the tenants, but the owner of the apartment can use the attic on a leasehold basis. This does not require unanimous approval, it is enough for two-thirds of the team to vote for this decision.

Getting the consent of the majority of residents, and even more so, the unanimous decision of the team, is quite difficult. A complete lack of interest in someone expanding their living space does not contribute to a positive decision, so some motivation is needed. Such motivation can be the repair work in the house at the expense of the one who claims to have an attic, the arrangement of a parking lot for the residents of the house, a playground, and other options.

However, making a decision is not enough to use the square meters of the attic space, the decision needs to be documented. That is, if the attic is rented out, it is necessary to draw up and sign a lease agreement, but if the attic space becomes the property of the owner of the apartment (under this attic), then the registration procedure is somewhat different. Already on the basis of the relevant document, you can take any action in relation to the attic - obtain permission for its reconstruction (reconstruction), carry out construction work and, in fact, exploit the area.

Obtaining permission for reconstruction

The basis for the owner of the apartment to obtain permission to rebuild the attic is, on the one hand, the decision on reconstruction made by the team of tenants, and on the other hand, the title document - the lease agreement (transfer agreement for gratuitous use).

In the event that we are talking about the transfer of attic space to the property, then a team of residents receives permission for reconstruction, on behalf of which all work is subsequently carried out, up to receipt of documents on putting the attic space into operation. After that, the premises are already transferred to the owner of the apartment under a sale and purchase agreement (as payment, the new owner of the attic may indicate any construction and repair work, etc.). This procedure somewhat complicates the task, since an additional link appears, a person who will, on behalf of the collective of owners, control all the actions of the applicant for the attic. In addition, this representative must also be interested in carrying out the work, which, in turn, is fraught with additional costs.

Before obtaining permission to convert the attic into an attic floor, you need to prepare a project. The project is made in public or private design organizations, the document must fully comply with building codes and regulations, must be agreed with a number of authorities (fire inspection, Ministry of Emergency Situations, sanitary and epidemiological station, etc.).

The permit is issued by a state body (Department of Urban Architecture), where it is necessary to submit an appropriate application, an agreed project, title documents.

However, one of the options for the development of events is the transition to construction work without obtaining a permit, with the expectation of subsequently legalizing everything through the courts. However, this option is quite risky, and is fraught not only with the inability to issue documents, but also with the danger of violating the integrity of the building, which may threaten criminal liability.

Carrying out works and commissioning

Having in hand documents confirming the right to carry out reconstruction, the owner of the future attic floor can begin work. All construction work must be carried out in strict accordance with the approved project, since after completion of the work it is necessary to obtain a document confirming the commissioning of the attic floor. This document is issued on the basis of the work acceptance certificate, which is signed by the representatives of the housing inspectorate after inspection and in the absence of violations of the rules and regulations (as well as deviations from the project, on the basis of which the permit for reconstruction was issued).

Registration of documents for the property

This is the last stage, which completes the whole complex of measures for joining the attic space to the area of ​​​​the apartment. If the attic area has been taken over, it is necessary to make changes to the documents for the apartment, since the number of square meters has changed, as well as the configuration of the apartment. In the event that the attic area was leased, it is necessary to record changes in the plan of the house (based on the results of reconstruction). The bodies that should be involved at this stage are BTI and Rosreestr, and the following documents are the grounds for changing technical documentation and re-registration:

• An agreement confirming property rights;
• Permission to carry out reconstruction;
• Permission to put the object of reconstruction into operation;
• Project documentation.

Conclusion

Considering the issues related to the connection of the attic, the site portal experts would like to add that, in parallel with the preliminary examination, it would be useful to find out if an application for the intention to reconstruct the attic was filed earlier. If such an application has been submitted, a detailed study of the issue will help save money already at the planning stage.

In addition, at the time of the study of the issue, the attic may already be in someone's private property or, for other reasons, not be the collective property of the tenants of the apartment building. When choosing between public and private design organizations, it is best to opt for a company that has been recommended by representatives of the government agency that will issue permission to rebuild the attic. In other words, it may be a very reasonable decision to involve an intermediary organization (or individual) that is professionally involved in resolving such issues.

If there is a pitched roof in a residential building, then a space is formed under it, which can be called an attic or attic. You need to know what is the difference between an attic and an attic. This is necessary not only to understand the functionality of the under-roof space, but also so that you do not have problems during the registration of the house, since the total and living area of ​​​​the house can differ significantly depending on the purpose of the space under the roof.

An attic in a private house is an opportunity to expand living space. This concept is clearly explained in SNiP number 2.08.01-89. It is on this document that the BTI relies on the registration and re-registration of a residential building.

In accordance with SNiP, the attic floor is additional warm living quarters, which are located in the space under the roof. They can be completely limited to the slopes of a four-slope roof or only two slopes and gables of the building. The attic differs from the attic in that the height of the wall from the level of the floor surface to the line of its intersection with the slope cannot be less than 1.5 m. If the walls are much higher, then this is already a full-fledged second floor, and lower walls can only be attic. Permissible ceiling height must be at least 2.5 m.

The next difference between the attic floor and the attic is that these are living quarters, and therefore they must be heated, which requires thorough insulation of roof structures. No less important is the fact that these rooms need good ventilation and natural light, so the attic should have a sufficient number of windows.

Important! Even an ordinary attic can be converted into a full-fledged attic. To do this, its walls must be sewn up along the frame so that there is at least 1.5 m to the line of intersection with the slopes. You also need to thoroughly insulate the roof structure and equip the roof windows.

The main advantage that the attic gives to the owners of the house is additional living space without the extra cost of building another floor. It has been proven that the cost of such an area in a house is 50% less than when building a full-fledged second floor. The thing is that the cost of insulating the roof structure is much less than the cost of building walls for another full-fledged tier.

Attic space

In the view of many people, the attic should differ from the attic in that it is a space under the roof, littered with unnecessary rubbish. However, in SNiP, an attic is a room under the roof of a house, which is limited by enclosing structures (walls and slopes), is unheated and is not intended for living.

There is also the concept of a technical attic. It is allowed to install technological equipment and lay engineering communications on it. Unlike the attic floor, the attic does not have strict requirements regarding the height of the ceilings, the distance from the floor to the line of intersection of the walls with the slopes.

In this case, there are two types:

• Cold. In this case, heat-insulating materials are laid only in the ceiling of the last residential tier.
• Warm. It is insulated not only in the interfloor overlap, but also in the roof structures. Also, an additional source of heating for such a room can be warm air, which rises from the lower floors through the ventilation system and freely passes through the attic space.

The attic is not only an additional storage space in the house. It serves as a kind of heat insulator, because living rooms will be separated from the cold air from the outside not only by enclosing structures, but also by air in the attic space.

Worth knowing: a house with an attic is much warmer than buildings with a bare roof. That is why, in the conditions of our harsh winters, it is reasonable to build residential buildings with a pitched roof and an attic.

Differences

Let's summarize and clarify what is the difference between attic and attic rooms:

1. The attic performs secondary functions and is used as an additional storage place or for installing equipment and laying communications. The attic floor is used for permanent residence.
2. Attic rooms can be warm (but without heating) and cold, attic rooms need thorough insulation and heating.
3. There are no requirements for the design and form of non-residential space. Living rooms under the slopes have strict restrictions: their height must be at least 2.5 m, and from the floor to the line where the slopes join the walls must be at least 1.5 m.
4. The cost of arranging a residential floor is significant compared to the cost of building an attic.
5. The attic tier needs to install full-fledged windows for lighting and ventilation of the premises. For a non-residential floor, it is enough to make a couple of small dormer windows to ventilate the space under the roof.
6. The area of ​​the attic floor is included in the total and living area of ​​the house, which cannot be said about the non-residential space under the slopes.

It makes no sense to argue that one is worse than the other, since the attic system, if desired and the availability of funds, can be converted into a full-fledged living space. It is only necessary to insulate the roof system, hem the ceiling and sew up the walls so that they comply with regulatory requirements.

Therefore, we can say that when building a private house and arranging a pitched roof system, you should make sure that in the future you have the opportunity to convert the attic space into residential attic rooms. This will allow you to expand your living space at minimal cost, without moving out of your home.

A technical underground is a room in the underground part of the house in which communications are laid and equipment is placed. In other words, this is a technical floor located at the bottom of the house. In general, in residential buildings, the technical floor can be a basement, an attic, or the space between the above-ground floors.

The basement is considered a technical underground only if it complies with the current building codes and regulations (SNiP) at the time of the construction of the house. The definition of a technical underground is given in the SNiP for residential buildings.

Why does this difference exist and what is the difference for the owner? The technical underground is not taken into account in the cadastral valuation, and therefore is not taxed like a dwelling. To understand the device of the technical floor and the difference between the basement and the underground, you should study the standards that are used in the BTI when designing a building.

What is a technical floor?

The technical room is equipped on the basis of the approved project of the house. Its location also depends on the total number of floors. There are several such premises, if there are many apartments in the house.

The technical floor can be occupied by:

• basement;
• attic;
• space between residential floors.

In a standard nine-story house, technical undergrounds are made under the first floor or connect the underground to the basement. If there are more floors, a technical attic will be additionally equipped. Very tall buildings with more than sixteen floors should have technical floors every 50 m. This allows you to control the hydrostatic head in water pipes and heating systems.

Technical floors are separated from the residential part of the house. They place equipment to serve the communal needs of residents:

• boiler rooms;
• water supply pipes;
• heating systems;
• sewerage;
• backbone networks of electrical equipment;
• electrical panels;
• pumps;
• ventilation networks;
• air conditioning systems;
• machine rooms for elevators.

The height of the technical floor corresponds to the height of the equipment that is supposed to be placed in it (but should not be less than the established norms). The load from the operation of engineering equipment is calculated on the basis of regulatory documents.

The equipment room can be located at the bottom of the house, under the roof or between floors.

Since the operation of utility systems creates noise and vibration near the apartments, the technical attic or technical underground must be soundproofed. The technical room, located between the floors, is equipped with shock-absorbing systems, and elastic materials are placed under the equipment to further absorb vibration.

The technical floor and equipment in it is the collective property of all residents of the building. The housing office or other service organization has access to it. A functional technical floor cannot be fully transferred to the ownership of one of the apartment owners.

Key Documents

During the construction, design and operation of technical floors, the norms enshrined in such documents as:

• SNiP 2.08.01 of 1989 for residential buildings;
• SNiP 31-02 of 2001 for single-family residential buildings;
• SNiP 31-06 of 2009 for public buildings that are in the same building as residential;
• SNiP 31-01 of 2003 for multi-apartment residential buildings (updated version of SP 54.13330 of 2011).

Dimensions of technical floors

Requirements for technical premises are indicated in SNiP 2.08.01-89 for residential buildings. So, the height of the technical attic should be at least 1.6 m, and the width of its passage should be 1.2 meters. In some areas, it is allowed to reduce the height to 1.2 m and the width to 0.9 m.

The height of the basement, in which heating and water supply pipes are located, must be at least 1.8 m, and in the area where non-combustible materials are used, the height can be reduced to 1.6 m.

According to the fire safety rules, the technical floor is divided by partitions into sections up to 500 sq. m, or within each section of a residential building with several entrances.

Service personnel must have free access to any communications area.

The height of the technical underground and its equipment

SNiP 31-01-2003 defines a technical space in the basement of a residential building that is used exclusively for utility systems and equipment and is not considered part of the residential space.

1. The technical underground should not be less than 1.6 m high (in case of transit pipelines - not less than 1.8 m).
2. It should have a through passage 1–1.2 m wide for equipment control and repair work.
3. In addition to the main passage for personnel, openings for pipelines are made in the compartment partitions, taking into account insulation.
4. There should be uniform artificial lighting along the passage with a switch at the entrance.
5. To go through the pipes of heating and water supply, wooden decks with walkways are made.
6. The room is equipped with a staircase and a door that opens outwards.
7. Since dampness forms in the technical underground, and condensate settles on the walls, reinforcement with increased resistance to corrosion should be used.

For subsequent repair or replacement of pipes, the technical undergrounds at the end must be equipped with mounting holes, the size of which is 90 x 90 cm. External mounting holes are sealed in such a way that they can be opened if necessary without violating the integrity of the wall.

Ventilation in the technical underground

Fresh air must be regularly supplied to technical rooms through exhaust ducts and windows. According to SNiP, in the technical underground of a residential apartment building, ventilation must be made to circulate air, reduce condensate and for fire safety purposes.

The regulations prescribe to make ventilation holes with a total area of ​​​​at least 1/400 of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe basement or technical underground itself. Holes are placed symmetrically on both sides of the house. It is recommended to make ventilation approximately 20 x 20 cm at a height of 30-40 cm from the level of the outer blind area of ​​the foundation.

Examples of device devices.

Also in technical undergrounds they make dry isolated chambers with equipment for supply and exhaust ventilation. They provide access for inspection and repair.

In winter, in basements and technical undergrounds, the air temperature is maintained at least 5 ° C, while the relative humidity should be no more than 60-70%. To eliminate heat loss in the technical underground, walls and ceilings are insulated. Heating and water pipes are wrapped with heat-insulating materials.

If excess condensate or mold appears on the equipment in the technical underground, it is necessary to make additional waterproofing and ventilate through doors and windows by installing protective grilles on them. In blank walls, at least two vents are knocked out for each section on both sides of the foundation.

The difference between a technical underground and a basement

The basement is classified as a floor and taken into account in the cadastral valuation of the house. Due to the basement, you can expand the living space or make a pantry in it. Unlike the technical underground, the basement of an apartment building can be rented out for business, subject to the consent of all residents.

The technical underground can be combined with the basement or built on its own. The SNiP defines the technical underground, according to which it is a room in the lower part of the building, which is intended exclusively for equipment and communications.

The revisions of SNiP 31-06-2009 for public buildings indicate that the height of the underground must be at least 1.8 m in the passage for maintenance personnel. To comply with fire safety rules, the height of the space where electrical networks and pipes are located must be at least 2 m.

However, if the premises are evaluated in accordance with the norms of SNiP 31-01-2003 for residential buildings, a technical underground up to 1.8 m high is not considered a floor and is not taxed. Such a point should be taken into account by developers of small-apartment and private houses that are not united with public buildings by a common basement.

During construction, a technical floor with complex large-sized equipment can be placed in the basement and made a technical underground for communications.

Vulnerabilities in the construction of tech subfields

High humidity can remain in the technical underground, as a result of which moisture appears in the floor and on the walls of the foundation. Reinforcement rusts, wooden flooring and heat-insulating winding of pipes are destroyed. With insufficient drainage, the technical underground can flood.

A leak requiring immediate repair.

During the repair and reconstruction of the technical underground, attention should be paid to such problems as:

• insufficient air circulation in the room;
• malfunction of ventilation systems, as a result of which dampness and mold appear;
• destruction of thermal insulation and waterproofing on pipes, which causes corrosion;
• worn-out parts of the electrical wiring;
• inefficient and clogged drainage systems;
• subsidence of the foundation and supports under plumbing communications;
• gaps between the foundation and the blind area from the outside, through which precipitation penetrates into the technical underground.

Sometimes during the reconstruction process it is required:

• increase the height of the room;
• install additional supports for equipment;
• make openings in load-bearing walls;
• make collectors for collecting precipitation and equip draining channels.

These works are carried out according to a pre-approved construction plan.

When planning the construction of a house, almost every customer asks the question - what to build under the roof? Attic or attic space? What are the differences between these elements? The ability to separate the concepts of "attic" and "attic" is necessary not only because of the functionality of the premises under the roof, but also in order to avoid possible problems when registering a residential property.

The total usable area of ​​​​the house largely depends on the purpose of the under-roof space. Let us analyze in more detail what is the difference between an attic and an attic in a private house.

Attic - general concepts

Many in the process of planning the construction of a private house dream of an attic, although the end result may differ from what is desired. Therefore, you should decide on the concept of the attic floor. A clear explanation is given by SNiP (building norms and rules). We note right away that all legal actions related to registration (re-registration at the BTI, and so on) are necessarily based on this set of laws.

According to SNiP 2.08.01-89 attic or attic floor - this is the upper tier located in the attic space. Its facade is formed partially or completely by the plane of the roof of the building. The height of the walls formed should not exceed 1.5 meters from the floor level to the line of intersection with the roof surface, otherwise it is a full-fledged second floor.

Someone will object that his attic in a house made of timber has the same shape. It is quite possible, but the fundamental difference is that the attic room is a specially equipped and intended for living area under the roof of the house. This is the second main functional indicator. For this reason, the attic floor needs to be, especially for timber houses. Thermal insulation of additional living space requires additional costs, but as a result, the rooms will be completely suitable for long-term living. Ventilation is required. Without it, ascending air currents from the lower floors will not allow residents to feel comfortable. In addition, the problem of condensation on walls and ceilings is immediately solved.

Attic - do you need it?

Under the attic, most people mean a certain area under the roof, littered with a variety of trash. Old things, household items, spare parts - in general, everything that it is a pity to part with for various reasons. SNiP considers the attic as a space between the roof structure, isolated by external walls and not intended for habitation. If additional space is planned for the placement of engineering equipment and communications wiring, then it is commonly called a technical attic. There are no other regulations that regulate the differences between the attic and the attic.

Unlike the attic floor, the attic has a diverse design.

According to the properties, the attic can be of two types:

• Cold. Insulation materials do not go beyond the boundaries of the floors of the floor.
• Warm. In this case, the insulation is located within the roof structure. In addition, the air that comes out of the ventilation system of the house passes freely through the attic space and thus serves as an additional source of heating in the cold season.

The attic is not only an impromptu warehouse, but also serves as a kind of air cushion between the roof and residential floors. Interior decoration in this case is not carried out and there are no additional costs for building materials. But how to equip and ennoble the attic in a private house, first of all, is up to the owner.

The main differences between the attic and the attic

And yet, what is the difference between an attic and an attic? Let's compare.

1. The attic floor is intended for permanent residence. Attic room - performs the functions of a technical room.
2. The attic can be both warm and cold. The attic requires good, high-quality insulation and ventilation.
3. The design features of the attic space are diverse and do not have clearly defined parameters, and for a residential attic tier, the maximum height of the walls should not exceed 1.5 meters
4. The financial resources spent on the arrangement of the attic are many times higher than the costs of equipping the attic.
5. requires the installation of special windows. For the attic, one or two small, even blind windows are enough.
6. Documentary Aspects. The total area of ​​​​a residential building, unlike the attic, does not include square meters of the attic.

As you can see, almost all the differences are based on the functional features and characteristics of the premises.

What's better?

There is no single answer to the question of which roofing is better. If the developer is satisfied with the living area of ​​the first floor and the financial situation leaves much to be desired, the attic floor must be abandoned. Any type of attic is quite suitable, which over time can be turned into living rooms. For those who do not interfere with extra square meters, they want unusualness and creativity - the attic floor will come in handy. The only negative, perhaps, will be the construction of a garage or a barn for old things on the plot.