No matter what anyone says, unification has always had a positive effect not only on the speed of production, but also on its cost. And the construction industry is no exception. Unification in frame housing construction led to the development of SIP panels and similar enlarged building materials.
The SIP panel itself was invented in 1935 in the USA, in 1952 insulation was first glued into it. Since the beginning of the 60s of the last century, it began to be mass-produced, which just affected the reduction in the construction time of houses and their price in America, and then in Canada. SIP-panel technologies came to Russia in the late 90s.
And this procession, in contrast to the United States, where tens of millions of square meters such housing has not yet become a triumph, and its cost is 30-40% higher than abroad. This is partly due to the mentality of our developer, partly due to the high cost of components imported from abroad, the prices of which are guided by rare domestic producers mastered the production of similar products. But once upon a time, before releasing our own lorry, we also bought a batch of Ford trucks.
What is a SIP panel made of and how is it made?
The design of the SIP panel is extremely simple, which means it is easily repeatable, but the copyright holders and patent holders will not miss their chance, so they have put their interest in the cost of equipment for its production. And the essence of the technology consists in gluing between two sheets of OSB (oriented strand board - English OSB) a polystyrene block PSB-S-25, where C is self-extinguishing, and 25 is density (from 15 to 25 kg / m3). Its thickness ranges from 100 to 200 mm, depending on the type of construction and climate zone where it is being built. Also, thinner panels can be used in the construction of partitions inside frame house from SIP - panels. Along the contour of the panel, grooves are provided for connecting and fixing beams. It must be said that the panels with 100 mm insulation in terms of thermal conductivity correspond to an approximately one and a half meter wall of solid baked clay bricks, but according to the current Russian standards for middle lane you need 120 mm of polystyrene foam. Therefore, most manufacturers of SIP panels offer standard products with 140 mm PSB-S-25 and an OSB thickness of 10 - 12 mm.
Making SIP panels with your own hands
It is best to cut the foam with a nichrome string, to which you must supply direct current from an adjustable transformer (the parameters are selected depending on the length and thickness of the wire). The charger can play its role automotive device or welding machine.
In the manufacture of SIP panels, a one-component polyurethane adhesive is used. On the standard equipment its application is carried out by 4 dozen nozzles for greater uniformity of distribution. The bonding process itself is carried out under pressure. For this, either vacuum or mechanical presses are used. The number of blank panels in a stack and the number of stacks to be glued depends on the parameters of the press.
At home, it is not difficult to make a SIP panel with your own hands. From the entire chain of technology, it is necessary to single out for explanation only one process - the application of glue and suggest the pressing parameters. The rest is not difficult to perform, and a thinking person will also create a couple of devices for the relative positioning of the panel components.
So here's the glue. Choose almost any polyurethane balloon glue for polystyrene foam (better known), take a paint sprayer with an upper tank and a 2.5 mm nozzle. From an old professional foam gun, unscrew the assembly for attaching cylinders with a ball valve. Immediately make sure that it works properly or clean it with a special flushing fluid. Make a simple adapter with appropriate threads and connect together. Connect to a compressor and get a uniform layer of glue (or foam) adjustable in thickness
In fairness, it must be said that ordinary professional polyurethane foam will work no worse than glue, but it will require a little more skill from you. The grooves in SIP panels are made with a depth of 25 to 40 mm, while the lower and upper strapping boards will have exactly this thickness, and the connecting beams will be twice as thick.
Place the resulting sandwich under an evenly distributed load at the rate of 15 - 20 kg / m2 and leave for a couple of hours. In a standard panel, the area is 3.11 sq.m. The load may be several wooden beams. As the panels are made, add them to the stack, moving the weight to the top - newly made. The main thing when laying is not to shift the sheets. Hint: cut 6 pieces of board to the appropriate width and use them as templates during assembly, connecting with self-tapping screws.
It will be possible to fully use your SIP panels the next day.
On what foundations are assembled SIP-panel houses
Such houses can be mounted on any foundations, and here the main role should not be played by the type of frame formation (in this case these are platform, American, Canadian, pallet), and the state of the base is soil. It is clear that if you have swampy soil, the site has complex terrain or lie high ground water we recommend screw piles with a powerful wooden bottom trim, or a platform immediately formed on its basis.
If you have soils that are prone to large frost heaving, make a well-insulated floating foundation. It will also play the role of a platform for you, on which you can directly install SIP panels, fixing the installation board with anchors, which partly plays the role of the lower trim.
Under standard conditions, a grillage on poles is best suited for this type of frame.
Floor panels can be assembled directly on it, pre-treated with a primer. In addition to sufficient strength for such a foundation, there will be one requirement when choosing a SIP-panel construction technology: ensuring good ventilation of the underground space.
SIP panel assembly technology
The connection of SIP panels to each other is carried out by gluing a beam on the polyurethane mounting foam, evenly included in their grooves. The fastening of the panels to the platform of the floor or ceiling is also carried out according to the thorn-groove system, while the role of the thorn is played by the boards of the lower and upper trim of the appropriate sizes.
The bottom board is also called the installation board. Its thickness can be from 25 mm to 40 mm. Corner joints are carried out according to the same principle, only the installation board is attached to the vertical panel.
As a rule, its thickness is half the thickness of the connecting beam. Fixing parts at the seams is most often done with wood screws, less often with a nail gun. Design SIP-panel house so strong that for the lower and upper strapping, as well as corner connections a 25mm thick board is sufficient.
If you decide to make SIP panels with your own hands, and we tried to convey to you that it is not so difficult, then we hope that you will make panels of specific sizes and configurations, with ready-made connecting nodes and you will not need additional trimming on the site. But, if you consider it more profitable to buy prefabricated panels from the manufacturer, we recommend ordering him to cut them for your project. Many firms sell house kits.
For independent cutting of standard SIP panels, you will need at least a large grinder with 230 mm discs, or the same manual Circular Saw, long thin sharp knife for cutting and simple device for cutting foam with a nichrome string (see photo below). Expanded polystyrene is cut out a little more than half the thickness of the connecting beam.
Terms of assembly of a house from sip panels
Assembly one-story house 2-3 people can freely carry out SIP panels, it is better to make panels together. The weight of a standard SIP panel with dimensions of 2500 x 1250 x 160 is 43 - 44 kg, and with a thickness of 164 (OSB-12) - up to 50 kg. Floor and roof panels are often made longer and narrower for rigidity, or additional beams are glued into them during manufacture.
From practice, two strong men on the first floor cope with a panel with dimensions of 1250 x 5000. Above, helpers are needed. Attic or two-storey house they collect 4 people with the involvement of 2 helpers for a couple of days, if you do not use lifting and transport mechanisms.
And if you have cozy place for the manufacture of SIP panels and a platform for their temporary storage, then from all systems frame housing construction, this one is the most optimal, believe experience. A hundred-square house without any special architectural frills, a team of the above composition will assemble in a maximum of a week with measured work in compliance with the hourly norms of labor legislation. And if it will be you personally and your Good friends or relatives, it will take even less time. And you can adjust to the weather.
Below is an accelerated video of the assembly of a house from sip panels - it is very interesting to see how it looks from the outside.
Dear readers, if you still have questions, ask them using the form below. We will be glad to communicate with you;)
Deciding to build a private house himself, often the emphasis is not so much on the quality of materials, but on their cheapness. Currently the most profitable and fastest way to build- construction of houses from sip panels.
Panel building gained popularity over 50 years ago. Initially this technique established itself in Canada, Europe, Japan. Today, the technology has gained many supporters among Russians.
Types of material: what are they made of?
SIP is a structural insulating panel consisting of two special sheets, between which a heater is placed.
Layers stick together under pressure With high pressure. The standard plate thickness is 9 mm or 12 mm.
Let's see what sip panels are made of?
outer layers can be made from the following materials:
- oriented strand board;
- a sheet of gypsum fiber or drywall;
- plywood;
- fiber board.
As a heater is used:
- polystyrene foam - a porous material that is 90% air, is absolutely safe;
- polystyrene - waterproof, but flammable, subject to rapid burning;
- polyurethane foam - has a high insulating threshold, does not conduct heat, is flammable;
- mineral wool- does not burn well, is safe for health.
In this article, you can learn about what a roof gable is and what it is for.
Advantages and disadvantages
sip panels have significant advantages:
The disadvantages of sip panels are the following:
- not safe- First of all, it depends on the quality of the materials used in production. Many factories make panels using foam. It is better not to buy them, polystyrene emits formaldehyde.
- Condensation forms at the junction of the frame and the plate, which leads to the appearance of joint defects.
- The panels are hermetically sealed, therefore, buildings need compulsory system ventilation which increases the cost.
- The service life is limited. The design loses its insulating properties after a few years. This problem is solved by replacing the worn-out insulation with a more durable polystyrene foam.
How to build a house from sip panels with your own hands?
Today, in the construction market, a huge number of companies are building houses from sip panels. Of course, you can build a house with your own hands.
Consider phased implementation works. So, we are building a house from sip panels with our own hands.
Preliminary work
At this stage, a project of the future dwelling is drawn up. Usually, suitable option choose from many standard projects and improve on their own.
Or they turn to the design organizations for help. Thoughtful planning ensures quality and durability of the future home.
Then produced calculation required amount material, purchase quality tool(you will definitely need a screwdriver, a hacksaw). Seek help specialized organization will most likely have to.
Buying standard panels and then customizing them for your project is quite laborious. Consequently, it is easier to contact a company that will manufacture and deliver panels required parameters.
Foundation construction
most popular foundation types are:
- pile or pile-tape;
- monolithic slabs with shallow penetration;
- columnar or columnar-tape;
- tape deepening with a plinth;
- tape recess.
Piling installation has a relatively low installation speed, simplicity, efficiency and economy. Most experts consider piles to be the most acceptable basis for a panel house.
Screw pile is metal tube with a blade. The pile is screwed deep enough into the ground, which eliminates the deformation of the building.
Water supply, heating and electricity for the future home bred to the construction of the foundation.
Waterproofing, piping, building walls
At this stage, two layers of roofing material or bitumen are laid on top of the foundation, and then a strapping beam, pre-treated with an antiseptic. Then, starting boards are attached to the strapping beam with screws.
Panels are laid next, which will later serve as a floor. When docking, the grooves are treated with sealant, fixed with self-tapping screws. Butts also treated with sealant, sheathed with boards.
The sip panel is attached to the launch board. It should be mounted from the corners of the structure. The connection is simple, the groove is inserted into the ridge, the fasteners are reinforced with screws.
Be sure to use a level to protect the structure from distortion. For joints, foam is used. It is also worth doing with the ends of the sip panels before joining them to each other.
Every year, construction is becoming more and more popular in our country. country houses from SIP panels. The main advantages of this technology are: speed of installation, budget, heat efficiency. The facts show the following: a house made of SIP panels will cost a third less than a brick house, it will be built in a matter of days, and the walls will be 3 and 4 times warmer than similar walls of the same thickness made of timber and foam concrete, respectively.
SIP panel (from the English Structural insulated panel) is a structural heat-insulating panel, where between two oriented particle boards(OSB), 12 mm thick, there is a heater - polystyrene foam. The thickness of expanded polystyrene (PSB) is selected depending on the climatic zone, as well as the purpose: 100 mm - for partitions inside the house; 150 mm - for walls; 200 mm - for floors.
What fasteners should be used for mounting SIP panels?
I would like to immediately warn the reader against the mistake that is widely made on domestic construction sites. Never use black phosphated self-tapping screws when construction work- because they are not able to withstand the proper loads. For its intended purpose, for the installation of drywall to the crate - please. But if we are not talking about building a chicken coop or a kennel, but at home, then it’s better to immediately put it aside.
SIP panels are connected to each other using the tongue-and-groove method. Double inserts from a bar with a thickness of 2x40 mm and a width selected according to the thickness of the PSB used are connected along the length either with universal self-tapping screws or self-tapping screws for wood 4.5x70 mm in increments of 350-400 mm. Double inserts are nested in a pre-finished mounting foam SIP panel groove and sewn with universal self-tapping screws or self-tapping screws for wood 3.5x40 mm with a pitch of 150 mm. With the same self-tapping screws, a beam 40 mm thick is sewn, covering the ends of the SIP panel.
For mounting the plinth to the bottom tie beam, as well as for tightening corner panels, structural self-tapping screws are used. Where it is important to drown the self-tapping screw flush with the surface to be attached, we select the head; where powerful force tightening is required, for example, when tightening corner panels, we use a poppet head. The length of the constructors is selected depending on the thickness of the SIP panel used, observing the rule: the depth of thread recession into the base material must be at least 4xD (the outer diameter of the thread of the self-tapping screw). When choosing the diameter of the self-tapping screw, we take into account the following limitation: the thickness of the attached board material must be at least 1.xD, that is, when fixing a SIP panel based on OSB with a thickness of 12 mm, we use a self-tapping screw with an outer thread diameter of not more than 10 mm.
With self-tapping screws for wood or universal 4.5x70 mm, the lower wall trim is attached to basement, a top harness walls to the uprights on the first floor.
When assembling the roof, we also use structural self-tapping screws. They fasten the reinforced SIP panel to the Mauerlat, purlins and ridge beam. In this case, it is necessary to observe the minimum recession of the threaded part of the self-tapping screw into the base material, which should be at least 40 mm.
Construction of a full-fledged house based on SIP panels
If you have been looking for the best opportunity to build warm house Without spending a fortune, consider building a home with SIP panels. Pricing for the purchase of materials for the construction of a "box" with a size of 10 * 10 square meters, excluding finishing materials- about 17-20 thousand US dollars. In doing so, take into account the fact that additional insulation buildings in your case is not required.
SIP panel - characteristics and properties
Building houses from sip panels began in the 2nd half of the 20th century in Canada. Technological methods of such construction are very simple, the construction of buildings will require a relatively small time investment, a little time (two weeks). The time spent on construction depends on the chosen project and the degree of its complexity. Cheaper this method can only be a frame-type house.
A house made of sip panels, based on its structure, has a sufficient level of strength. In English, the panels are called SIP, which is essentially a construction abbreviation: Structural Insulated Panel. The translation of this abbreviation has the following meaning "Constructive insulated Panel". Proceeding from this, the Russian variation of the abbreviated name of KTP. In reality, the replacement of the Latin alphabet with the Cyrillic alphabet is used. As a result, we have the name "SIP-panel".
This material is formed from a pair of OSB boards, between which there is a polystyrene foam layer. In the end, we have something like a sandwich. From here came another name for the plate material - a sandwich panel.
sip panel house
There are two ways to build a house from sip panels:
From building a frame base. In building a private house, you can take timber as a basis; when building high-rise buildings, the frame is most often steel.
With this technology, the panels are connected using a beam of various diameters.
Frameless reception involves the connection of SIP with the help of thermal dowels - inserts from panels of small thickness.
In our state, the first option has gained the greatest popularity over the years. The frame of wood is able to give the structure strength of additional order. The bearing function of sandwich panels, even without the use of a frame, is enough for the construction of one-two-story houses in the private sector. But the realization that the basis of the house is timber somehow calms the residents. This technology has another advantage, namely maintainability. In case of difficulties, it is possible to dismantle the damaged panels and replace them with new ones.
Houses from sip panels for permanent residence
Advantages and disadvantages of SIP panels
Like every technology that is progressive for our environment, the construction of buildings from SIP panels has a whole range of opponents and adherents. For opponents, the fundamental argument is considered to be the unnaturalness of the raw materials used, the likelihood of environmental pollution by harmful substances. Indeed, this material consists of OSB and conventional foam. Styrofoam highly standard material and is dangerous only when burning. OSB has also been on the market for a long time; it is made from compressed chips of a large fraction. Formaldehyde-based resinous compounds are added as binders. In fact, it causes all the complaints: formaldehyde is a poison and its presence in the atmosphere can cause poisoning.
The percentage of the presence of formaldehyde is regulated by such a structure as SES (sanitary epidemiological station), only safe materials should be supplied for sale. So, if you want to build a house from SIP panels, you should choose a manufacturer more often. OSB boards from Egger, which is located in Germany, are recognized as the highest quality. Their formaldehyde emission is E1 (safe level).
Glunz Agepan panels are also a good option, but they are used very little in our country. If we are talking about Russian companies, then we advise you to turn your eyes to the products of the Kaleval company.
In the manufacturing process, only safe and reliable materials are used:
- OSB-3 Kalevala emission class E1;
- Glue - TOP-UR (Russia);
- Expanded polystyrene -25C Knauf (RF).
Any part of the building is fitted to certain panels.
Why do many choose SIP panels during construction?
Since such a house made of sip panels has a number of solid advantages:
The light weight of the structure, in view of which you can save on work on the foundation. Pile foundations are suitable for these buildings.
Not high heat losses, reduced heating costs. Expanded polystyrene is an excellent insulation, sandwiched on both sides with sheets. This circumstance makes the house very warm.
Low price per square meter.
Not long production time. A box of a house on 2 floors can be piled up in a month.
The complete absence of any shrinkage. The sediment is only at the foundation.
Finishing can be carried out immediately after collection.
In general, all the above circumstances make people choose houses from sandwich panels. They build houses for both permanent residence and seasonal. On the basis of which, even with a very limited budget, it is possible to build houses from sip panels, moreover, successfully.
We carry out construction with our own hands
We build a house from sip panels with our own hands in the following ways, there are two of them:
We purchase a house kit for a clearly specified project in a company that carries out this species works, and we will collect it ourselves. Not all companies can agree to this, but most have an installation service from the manufacturer.
Buy plates. Cut to the size you need, and then buy a bar, we do all this on our own. In this case, the responsibility for the level of quality lies solely with you. If you have carpentry skills or you have relatives ready to tell you, you can redistribute with this option.
Let's briefly talk about what constitutes a home kit. It's nothing but ready-made, coupled with wooden beam required size and fasteners necessary for construction. All building ingredients are numbered in a certain way. At the time of assembly, blocks are connected in a pre-approved order. The whole process is similar to the standard construction from the constructor, only for real.
Domkomplekt is especially advantageous provided that all details are accurately executed.
Construction of houses from sip panels
Stages of construction work
To build a house from sip panels, as in other things and usual, we begin with the selection of the type of foundation and its direct construction. The foundation made of piles is considered optimal for houses made of sip panels with moderate lightness. It is he who is used in most examples of SIP technologies.
Sometimes it is not possible to build a pile foundation in a particular area due to:
- hard soils, due to expensive drilling work (rocks);
- on soils of an unstable position with reduced resistance to load (peat bogs);
- in the presence of cavities.
How the foundation is arranged - you can proceed to the construction and assembly of panels.
Canadian construction technology is one of the most sought after today. Along with it, the so-called SIP technology is popular, which is based on assembling a house based on panels. It is noteworthy that today it is not difficult to assemble SIP panels with your own hands. The main thing is to follow the technology.
Technology features
It is worth remembering that the simple ability to cut and join panels to build a house will not be enough. First, the material must be durable. Secondly, reliable. Thirdly, close attention should be paid to compliance with construction technology. Well, and most importantly, before making SIP panels with your own hands, make sure to learn the basic requirements for housing construction based on wooden frame. This will save not only money, but also nerves.
How to build?
So if you want to build energy efficient house, SIP panels are perfect for this. Firstly, they are light in weight, which means that the assembly can be handled by two people. Secondly, the construction itself from SIP panels is simple, subject to technological features process. And this means that there will be no particular difficulties in the construction of a residential facility. At the same time, the walls are strong, and if you additionally finish them with drywall, you can forget about the noise from the outside. It is important to make the number of joints as small as possible, respectively, you need to think about this first and only then - about the amount of waste.
What are SIP panels made of?
Before you make SIP panels with your own hands, you need to have an idea of what it is. SIP in English sounds like Structural insulated panel, which means "three-layer panel". To create the outer layer, a strong sheet of material is used, such as OSB, fiberboard, wooden plank, magnesite slab with a thickness of either 9 mm, or 12. In the middle is a heater - most often it is polystyrene foam, mineral wool or polyurethane foam. The thickness can be very different - it depends on the wishes of the customer. The outer layer is securely glued to the middle one. Thus, a new composite material, characterized by high strength.
We make SIP panels with our own hands
Create future bearing structures for the house it is possible in the garage, so as not to rent a special room for this. Of course there will be big number people who will say that the manufacture of SIP - do-it-yourself panels is almost impossible in such conditions. However, it is noteworthy that the technology itself was born just in garage conditions. So talking about the complexity of the process is not entirely true.
So, to make SIP panels with our own hands, we need first of all big table which will easily fit oriented strand board (OSB). We lay a sheet of OSB on it, which should be even, and apply glue to it. This can be done with a sprayer, a rubber spatula with teeth or other makeshift gadgets. Glue for panels, by the way, today is made very different, so there are plenty to choose from. For one SIP panel, we need about 2 kg of this substance, it all depends on how the composition will be applied.
After applying glue to the surface of drywall, lay a sheet of expanded polystyrene (styrofoam) as far as possible best quality. We again apply glue to it, on which we now lay a sheet of OSB on top. The main thing in this generally easy process is the accuracy and accuracy in the design of the edges.
Vacuum press - a guarantee of strength
Glue SIP - Do-it-yourself panels need to be done quickly before the glue dries. According to the above scheme, you need to lay out about five panels, and then press them firmly. This can be done using a press or vacuum pressing, which can be done independently. So, the easiest option is to use an awning to create a vacuum. You need to pump air out from under it vacuum pump. It will take about an hour for the glue to dry, and the panels are ready for further use. In general, for 8 hours of work, you can create about thirty products with your own hands.
Why are SIP panels so popular?
AT recent times this material is used in the construction of houses more and more often. The advantages of building housing based on SIP panels include the following:
AssemblySIP - panels are simple and efficient;
The construction process can be carried out at any time of the year and at any temperature;
The walls will be thin, and therefore there will be more effective area space;
Walls based on SIP panels are characterized by excellent thermal insulation;
Houses made of such material will not shrink, so to exterior finish You can start almost immediately after the completion of construction.
On the other hand, this material also has disadvantages. Firstly, it is fragility, your house will last up to 30 years at most. Secondly, not very high performance strength. Thirdly, the composition of the OSB - the basis of the SIP panel - includes resins and other additives that are not environmentally friendly.
Installation of SIP panels: what to consider?
As already mentioned, this material is convenient to use because it can be cut. For example, if modular design you need to give a certain shape, you can use a hand electric saw for this. With its help, it is easy to cut the element as needed according to the drawing.
The fastening of SIP panels is carried out using lumber, which is first subjected to antiseptic treatment. Self-tapping screws are also used, which are fastened according to the groove-comb principle. Such a device contributes to the fact that the connection will be tight, and the voids that may form between the materials can be filled with foam.
Many experts advise to carry out installation of SIP panels not only walls, but also internal partitions and even roofs. For example, if on the basis of this material to collect zero or you can achieve their greater thermal insulation. SIP panels can also be used for flooring. Wherein floor material can be laid directly on this rough coating.
It is worth remembering that it is best to use material 50 mm thick for assembling walls, but it is better to choose a more reliable one - panels up to 100 mm as a connecting beam for floors and roofs.
What to build on the basis of SIP?
As you can see, the production of SIP panels with your own hands and the further installation of housing are not difficult. As a rule, when self erection buildings require the most lightweight construction, for example, for a small country house. And this means that most of the work can be done with the help of two or three people.
As a rule, such houses are built on one floor, and an attic is built instead of the second. Such a solution is not only good in terms of decoration, but will also improve thermal insulation characteristics future housing. On the basis of SIP panels, it is quite possible to build a roof, however, it is best to choose the simplest structures in one or two slopes. But more complex roofing systems best left to professionals. Do not forget that wood is a material subject to many influences. Accordingly, care must be taken to process it as best as possible. So you can extend the life of the future residential facility.
