How to adjust the pressure of the vacuum pump show. Self-adjustment of the pressure switch of the pumping station - simple ways to set up. Diagnostics, post-configuration troubleshooting and upgrades

is the central element in the water pump. It is on its correct functioning that the efficiency of the entire system depends. This important element performs several tasks at once. First of all, it regulates the water supply. The feed parameters are set before use and are changed as necessary during operation. Proper adjustment of the water pressure switch for the pump ensures safe and high-quality operation of the entire water supply system. We will talk about the correct setting and the nuances of selection and installation in this review.

Read in the article:

Choosing the right water pressure switch wiring diagram for the pump

To begin with, it is worth understanding what the plumbing system consists of:

• its first part is the water intake point. It may be a water pipe, or a well;
• pressure switch;
• water purification system. Usually it consists of several containers;
• faucet, for which provide a comfortable pressure of water.

First of all, it is worth understanding what pressure the residents of the house need. It is also important to know the water pressure at the point of water intake. This item is important because at a pressure below 1.4 atm, water is not taken in due to the disconnected relay. Such problems can also arise in the case of using a city water supply, because in it the water pressure is not always more than 1.0 atm. When taking water from a well, these difficulties will not be, and the pressure of the water supply will depend only on the technical characteristics of the pump.

It can be seen that each relay has its own setting option, it is usually described in detail in the instructions for a specific device model. All types of relays have a general purpose and mechanism of action.

Manufacturer's choice

There are many different types of devices on the market. They differ in price, appearance and have slightly different characteristics.

Image	Manufacturer and model	Characteristics	Cost, rub.
		Pressure range 1.0 - 4.5 atm. Voltage 220 - 230 V, 50 Hz Maximum rated power NO 2	900
	Pressure switch PM 1 15, Grundfos	Working temperature from 0° to 40° The pump starts at 1.5 bar and runs as long as there is a flow. Dry run protection	5 655
	Pressure switch RM/5(p)1/4, UNIPUMP	Mains voltage - 230 V, 50 Hz. The maximum switched current - 12A. Working pressure - 5 bar Power - 1500 W.	467
	Pressure switch RA 5 1-5 bar, WATTS	Pressures from 1 to 5 bar. Pressure drop 0.5 – 2.5 bar. Current strength 16 A. Maximum temperature Coolant 90° Indoor 55°	997

Installation and connection

Connecting any mechanism begins with the preparatory stage. First you have to choose the location of the relay. According to knowledgeable people, the installation of the device should be carried out directly near the pump outlet. In this place, turbulence and pressure difference are remarkably leveled. Before choosing a place, it is imperative that you familiarize yourself with the operating conditions of the selected device, because some of them can only be used in heated rooms.

The next stage of preparation will be the selection of the necessary pressure thresholds:

1. Minimum - determines at what pressure the pump starts to work.
2. Maximum - controls the moment when the pumps stop working.
3. The difference between these two values ​​is called the pressure range. This indicator is directly proportional to the frequency of switching on the pumps.

Important! It should be noted that the minimum pressure value should be 0.2 atm higher than the pressure of the pump accumulator chamber.

The third moment of preparation is the registration of parameters. On a household appliance, this process will not cause difficulties, as it is adjusted using a pair of springs, which in turn are regulated by threaded regulators. The relay has two springs:

• a large spring serves to control the upper pressure limit;
• small - determines the difference in pressure.

During preparation, several more devices are installed: a shut-off valve, valves (check and breakdown), and a sewer drain. Installation should be carried out by professionals or people who at least have an idea about the principle of operation and the rules for installing such devices. Installation (and then the adjustment of the water pressure switch for the pump) must be carried out exactly as written in the instructions:

1. First, a tee is mounted on the selected place on the pipe, to which a drain valve or fitting connected to the water pressure switch is connected.
2. During installation, a threaded connection is used, which should be sealed with a high-quality FUM tape.
3. There are devices that cannot be installed in the usual way. They are equipped only with a rigidly fixed nut. During installation, the relay is rotated directly.
4. Electricity is connected with a cable. Its cross section must match the requirements of the device, depending on the power.
5. The kit sometimes includes a ground terminal. If available, a ground cable must be installed.

Is it worth considering electronic counterparts?

Mechanical devices, of course, are more popular, but electronic models have some undeniable advantages:

1. The constant adjustment of the pressure switch for the pump by tightening the springs is a thing of the past. The electronic version does not need to be configured for a long time after installation.
2. Installing it will be very easy. Any person without special education and special skills can cope with this task.
3. The service life practically does not differ from the usual mechanics.

Prices for electronic water pressure switches for a pump can range from two to four thousand rubles. It depends on the manufacturer, the materials used in the manufacture and on the store involved in the sale. If you spend some time looking for the right device, you can buy a quality unit for a fair price. In the case of a purchase for a long service, saving on it is not the best option.

“It would be much more correct to spend money on a slightly better model than constantly changing cheap devices that break down.”

How to set up a pumping station pressure switch

The owners of private houses understand that if the relay malfunctions, the entire system may fail. The stability of the entire system, and hence the comfort of all residents of the house, depends on the competent adjustment of the water pressure switch of the household water supply station.

Setting up the relay should begin with checking the factory-set indicators. Usually, the minimum pressure level is 1.5 atm, and the maximum is 2.5 atm. The check is carried out using a manometer. At this point, it is necessary to turn off the pump and ensure that the tank is empty. To measure pressure, a manometer is attached to an empty tank and readings are taken from it.

“This check can be avoided by buying a ready-made unit. But when purchasing all the components separately, it will be necessary to carry out the first adjustment of the water pressure switch for the pumping station.”

Procedure for adjusting the water pressure switch for the pump

Like any other, this device allows you to supply water to your home plumbing with the same pressure. This device works after reaching the pressure indicator provided for by the setting. At the factory, of course, the main indicators are set, but most often they are not enough to provide comfortable pressure, so after the purchase you will have to set your own parameters. Specialists, of course, will do everything efficiently and well, but sometimes it’s better to figure out an important issue on your own.

Adjustment of the RDM-5 pressure switch: brief instructions

To properly adjust the water pressure switch for the pump, follow a simple algorithm:

1. Fill the tank with water until the required maximum value appears on the pressure gauge.
2. Disable for a while.
3. Open the case and get access to the adjustment springs. You will have to carefully rotate the small nut. At some point, the mechanism will work. Turning counterclockwise decreases the pressure level. Clockwise rotation increases.
4. The lower limit is set by opening the tap and slowly draining the water from the tank.
5. At the desired pressure gauge, the process is stopped.
6. A large nut is involved in adjusting the lower parameters. When it rotates, you will also have to wait for the contacts to work.

This action should be done once a month, but this is ideal. It is advisable to conduct it at least once a quarter. A small difference between the pressure limits obliges the pumping station to operate with a high frequency of turning the pumps on and off. This mode of operation allows you to ensure an uninterrupted supply of water to the tap and at the same time its pressure always remains approximately at the same level, but this will affect the durability of the work. A large range creates some drops in water pressure, but the pumping station is subjected to less stress due to constant switching on and off and, accordingly, will not require repair or replacement for a long time.

Important! It should be noted that the difference between the minimum and maximum pressure must be greater than one atmosphere.

A pumping station (on a domestic scale, of course) is commonly understood as a set of interconnected equipment designed to solve a common problem - the uninterrupted supply of water to a house. Such a station can be purchased immediately in an assembled compact form or mounted from separate units - this does not change the principle of its structure, adjustment and operation in any significant way. In any case, the system is created and configured in such a way that it works in an automated mode in order to minimize the need for intervention by the owners. It is clear that in this case, the priority will be questions of efficiency, convenience for homeowners, and maximum durability of equipment.

When assembling in the factory, or during self-assembly from individual parts, devices and assemblies, the pumping station must be adjusted. But even in the event that a ready-made one is purchased, it never hurts to know about the principles and procedure for setting it up. Factory settings are not always suitable for actual operating conditions. In addition, these conditions themselves may change, which will require reconfiguration. And finally, any equipment can fail. That is, after repair or replacement of individual components, the adjustment problem may again arise in all its severity. And if the owner knows how to cope with this task himself, he will not have to spend money on calling the master.

Moreover, setting up the station is not so difficult.

What you need to know about the general structure and principle of operation of the pumping station

In stores, customers are offered ready-made complexes, which are called pumping stations. Using their example, it is most convenient to study the structure of this system, since all nodes are arranged as compactly as possible. And at the same time, the principle of organization will remain unchanged, even if you purchase all the devices separately and independently complete such an installation with the necessary parameters.

Let's get a look:

It is clear that the main device of the station will be a pump (pos. 1), pumping water from a source and transferring it further to consumption points. The pump can be surface, self-priming, as in the illustration, or - it all depends on the type of source, its location and depth.

The second, no less important, element of the station is necessarily a hydraulic accumulator tank (pos. 2). It has a special design, is divided into air and water chambers, is able to accumulate a supply of water under a certain pressure and, if necessary, give it to the water intake points even without turning on the pump. Helps to minimize the number of switching on the station, maintaining an even pressure in the water supply. With it, the operation of the home water supply system becomes as comfortable, safe and economical as possible.

Hydraulic accumulator in an autonomous water supply system

For all the simplicity of the design of such tanks, their importance in the autonomous water supply system of a private house is extremely high. How they are arranged, what functions are assigned to them, how their main parameters are calculated - in a separate detailed article of our portal.

These two main devices of the station necessarily have a direct hydraulic connection between them. This can be a short section of pipe or even reinforced flexible piping (as in the illustration) if the station is arranged compactly, or a long pipe if, for example, a submersible pump is used. But in any case, the pump has the ability to pump water directly into the water compartment of the accumulator.

For such hydraulic connection, special adapters or fittings are used. Very often, a five-outlet fitting (pos. 3) is used, which allows you to easily connect all the hydraulics (3 outlets), instrumentation and automation (2 more outlets, respectively).

The pump is pumped to the input through the suction pipe (pos. 4), and it is transferred to the branching of the water pipes through one of the outlets (pos. 5) of the fitting mentioned above

The pressure gauge (pos. 6) is necessary both when setting up the system and for visual control of the correctness of its operation already during operation.

The pump is powered through the junction box (pos. 7). But the station will not become one without an automation unit responsible for timely switching on and off without human intervention, that is, only according to the established pressure settings in the system. The role of automation is entrusted (pos. 8). It is its correct adjustment that becomes the main "stumbling block". That is, the power cables, before entering the junction box of the pump itself, first pass through this relay.

This was an example of a compact pumping station. But the characteristics of such ready-made complexes are not always enough for specific operating conditions. Therefore, the pumping station is very often assembled independently from separate devices. In this case, the circuit diagram remains practically unchanged.

Below is shown, so to speak, a block diagram of such a station.

The numbering of the main elements of the system is preserved by analogy with the previous scheme - it is easier to understand the device. The thick blue arrows show the hydraulic connections with the direction of water flow. Green dotted lines - connections to a five-pin fitting (the pressure gauge is screwed into the G ¼ threaded pipe, and the pressure switch union nut is screwed onto the G ¼ threaded union. The red color shows the power line from the 220 V source to the pump, passing through the pressure switch, where automatic turning the station on and off.

Now in general terms about how it all works.

• When setting up the station, first of all, a certain overpressure is created in the air chamber of the accumulator. This allows the tank to work exactly as expected of it - both to accumulate a certain supply of water and to maintain a steady pressure in the system.

The magnitude of this pressure, as well as other pressure indicators, will be discussed in more detail below.

• The pressure switch is adjusted to the lower (turning on the pump) and upper (turning off) thresholds. That is, the entire operation of the pump is limited to a certain pressure range. In this case, the lower threshold must necessarily be higher than the pre-pumping pressure of the air chamber of the accumulator. And at the same time - to meet the requirements for water pressure for the normal operation of all plumbing and connected household appliances.
• When the pump is turned on, it begins to pump water into the system. If at the same time all water intake valves are closed, then the accumulator is being filled. Its water chamber increases as it fills, that is, the air chamber decreases accordingly. Which leads, due to the compressibility of the gas, to an increase in the total pressure in the system. The pressure switch “monitors” the current indicators, and when the set upper limit is reached, it should work to break the pump power circuit. The system enters standby mode
• If you now open a water tap somewhere (relatively speaking, since it can be any plumbing fixture), then the water will flow from it under the pressure established in the system. If the water flow is not particularly significant, and does not lead to a decrease in pressure in the system to the lower limit, then the pump does not turn on. That is, only the stock that is accumulated in the storage tank is consumed.
• It is clear that as water is consumed, the volume of the water chamber of the accumulator begins to decrease, and the pressure, accordingly, decreases. If a considerable flow is required, and therefore the pressure drops to the minimum allowable, that is, to the set lower threshold, the relay is activated to start the pump. And the pumping equipment will work until the pressure in the system is again stabilized at the set upper limit. That is, when turned on, the pump always strives to fully “load” the system to the eyeballs, even if, for example, its inclusion was provoked even by filling a two-liter kettle, but at the same time, the pressure in the tank finally reached the lower threshold.

Such cyclical operation allows to minimize the number of pump starts, but at the same time to have the required water pressure on plumbing fixtures at any time.

What pressure values ​​are used to set up the system

It is clear that for the correct adjustment of the pumping station, it is first necessary to know at least what operating pressure parameters this adjustment will be carried out on.

And for tuning, you need to decide on three pressure values:

1. Rp- pre-pumping pressure of the air chamber of the hydraulic accumulator;
2. Pmin- the minimum water pressure in the system, that is, the threshold for starting pumping equipment.
3. Pmax- the maximum water pressure in the system, that is, the threshold for the relay to turn off the pump.

By the way, the pressure indicators are also quite closely linked to the volume of the accumulator.

It is clear that the larger the volume of the tank, the more significant water supply can be disposed of. And the less often the pump will turn on to replenish the accumulator.

At the same time, the system itself can be adjusted to various pressure indicators. Yes, with increasing ΔР, that is, the difference between the lower threshold ( Pmin) and upper ( Pmax), and the created water supply also increases.

This is well shown in the following table.

In the left column of the table are the standard volumes of hydraulic accumulators. The first three lines are, respectively, the mentioned pressure indicators (in bars or technical atmospheres). The rest of the data array is the water supply created in the accumulator.

It would seem that what's bad - make a difference to yourself ΔР more, and there is always a large supply of water at hand, and even under strong pressure! ..

However, moderation is needed in everything, and in this matter too. Just below it will be explained why.

Hydraulic accumulator pre-charge pressure — Rp

There are several approaches to this issue.

Sometimes accumulators for an autonomous water supply system already come from the factory with a set gas pressure in the air chamber (usually 1.5 atmospheres). And while the manufacturer recommends not to change it. Then - everything is simple, but it is still necessary to check the pressure level with a pressure gauge before adjusting the system.

Another way to determine the pressure is the principle of increasing the gyrostatic pressure at the location of the accumulator by 0.5 atmospheres. Well, hydrostatic itself at the same time is the excess in meters of the accumulator above the water mirror in the source (well), divided by 10 (based on the fact that 1 meter of water column is equal to 0.1 atmosphere).

For example, water is taken from a depth of 8 meters (calculated from the surface of the water). This means that the hydrostatic pressure will be equal to 0.8 atmospheres. Well, the recommended Rp = 0.8 + 0.5 = 1.3 atmospheres.

Finally, there is one more important rule. Wherever the pre-charge pressure is taken from, it should never be greater than or even equal to the minimum system pressure. It usually comes from the following ratio:

Rp =Pmin - 0.2 atmosphere (bar).

Hence, it is possible to deviate from pmin?

Yes, this is probably the best option. Therefore, in the next subsection, we will take a closer look at how to deal with Pmin.

The minimum level of water pressure in the system isPmin

If an autonomous water supply system is being considered, then, for sure, with the expectation that at any moment and at any point there will be a pressure sufficient for the correct operation of any plumbing devices and household appliances connected to water.

There is little use for all the efforts and invested funds if the water comes out of the mixers in a thin stream, not even allowing you to wash your face or wash the dishes normally. Weak pressure often does not allow gas water heaters, not displays of washing machines or dishwashers to work, sometimes error codes are displayed. You turn taking a shower into a torment, not to mention the lost opportunities for more “fancy” plumbing, for example, equipped with a hydromassage.

As a result, we come to the conclusion that the minimum pressure in the system Pmin, at which the pump starts, should not be less than the optimal parameters set for plumbing and household appliances.

For the quite normal operation of most plumbing fixtures, a pressure of 1 atmosphere is enough, moreover, with a solid margin. But there may be exceptions. In any case, when planning your system, it will be necessary to clarify the passport characteristics of all your devices connected to the water supply.

But this is not all. It is impossible not to take into account the pressure loss in the pipes laid from the pumping station (more precisely, its hydraulic accumulator) to the points of consumption.

Pumping stations

The pumping station is quite compact and has a simple device. The relay itself consists of several elements.

Table. Components of the pressure switch.

Factory settings do not always meet the wishes of consumers, in this regard, it is very often necessary to make an independent setting of the parameters.

What pressure should the pumping station be regulated to?

A very important question, not all consumers understand the intricacies of the operation of the equipment. Incompetent actions always have negative consequences.

Practical advice. Do not set the maximum pressure too high, as this will cause the pump to fail prematurely.

By increasing the pressure, consumers hope to solve two problems.

In connection with such beliefs, the maximum pressure is set within 3-4 atm., Especially since the technical characteristics allow you to create pressure up to five or more atmospheres. Working values ​​do not exceed 80% of the maximum, which means that everything is normal. But it's not. Which value to choose for optimal operation of the pump and household equipment? This issue must be considered in detail.

1. As the pressure increases, the volume of water in the accumulator increases. But its increase is too expensive in the literal and figurative sense of the word. For your information, in a 10-liter cylinder, by increasing the pressure by one atmosphere, the amount of water increases by approximately 1 liter. If the initial air pressure in the cylinder is 1 atm., then at the water pressure in the rubber chamber 1 atm. its volume is 4 liters, if the pressure is 2 atm., then the volume increases to 5 liters, and at a pressure of 3 atm. the volume of water is 5.5 liters. Indeed, the pump will turn on less often. But one must understand that each increase in pressure by one atmosphere requires much more electrical energy, in addition, the pump elements work with increased loads. As a result, attempts to achieve savings turn into direct losses - you will have to change expensive equipment more often.
2. It is believed that if the pressure is low, then household appliances do not function. This is not true, all washing machines, dishwashers and other appliances work perfectly with a water pressure of 1 atm.

Step-by-step instructions for adjusting the pressure switch

Important. Some craftsmen violate safety precautions and carry out adjustment work with the equipment plugged into the network. We strongly advise against doing this, a few minutes of saved time are not worth the lost health.

Step 1. Check the compressed air pressure in the accumulator. There is a rubber plug on the back of the tank, you need to remove it and get to the nipple. Check the pressure with an ordinary air pressure gauge, it should be equal to one atmosphere. If there is no pressure, pump in air, measure the data and after a while check the indicators. If they decrease - a problem, you need to look for the cause and eliminate it. The fact is that most equipment manufacturers sell hydraulic accumulators with pumped air. If it is not available when buying, then this indicates a marriage, it is better not to purchase such a pump.

Step 2. Turn off the electrical power and remove the protective cover of the pressure regulator housing. It is fixed with a screw, removed with an ordinary screwdriver. Under the cover there is a contact group and two springs compressed by 8 mm nuts.

1. Big spring. Responsible for the pressure at which the pump turns on. If the spring is fully tightened, then the motor switch-on contacts will be constantly closed, the pump turns on at zero pressure and constantly works.
2. Small spring. Responsible for turning off the pump, depending on the degree of compression, the water pressure changes and reaches its maximum value. Please note, not the optimal working, but the maximum according to the technical characteristics of the unit.

Important. The compression ratio of a small spring sets the so-called delta - the difference between the on and off pressures. Delta can be different values, from tenths to several atmospheres.

For example, you have a delta of 2 atm. If in this case the pump is turned on at a pressure of 1 atm, then it will turn off at 3 atm. If it turns on at 1.5 atm, then it turns off, respectively, at 3.5 atm. etc. Always the difference between the pressure on and off the electric motor will be 2 atm. You can change this parameter by changing the compression ratio of the small spring. Remember these dependencies, they are needed to understand the pressure control algorithm. The factory settings are set to turn on the pump at 1.5 atm. and shutdown at 2.5 atm., delta is 1 atm.

Step 3. Check the actual operating parameters of the pump. Open the tap to drain the water and slowly release its pressure, constantly monitor the movement of the pressure gauge needle. Remember or write down at what indicators the pump turned on.

Step 4. Continue monitoring until shutdown. Also note down the values ​​at which the electric motor cuts out. Find out the delta, subtract the smaller from the larger value. This parameter is needed so that you can navigate at what pressures the pump will turn off if you adjust the compression force of the large spring.

Step 5. Stop the pump and loosen the small spring nut about two turns. Turn on the pump, fix the moment it turns off. Now the delta should decrease by about 0.5 atm., The pump will turn off when the pressure reaches 2.0 atm.

Step 6 You need to ensure that the water pressure is in the range of 1.2–1.7 atm. As mentioned above, this is the optimal mode. Delta 0.5 atm. you have already installed, you need to lower the switching threshold. To do this, you need to release a large spring. For the first time, turn the nut, check the starting period, if necessary, fine-tune the compression force of the large spring.

You will have to start the pump several times until you get it turned on at 1.2 atm., and turned off at a pressure of 1.7 atm. It remains to replace the housing cover and put the pumping station into operation. If the pressure is correctly adjusted, the filters are constantly in good condition, then the pump will work for a long period of time, there is no need to do any special maintenance.

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The appropriate engineering system will perform its functions flawlessly if the water adjustment for the pump is correctly performed. This procedure can be performed independently, without seeking help from specialists. It will increase the accuracy of the equipment and prevent premature failure of its individual components.

The relay indicated by the arrow is installed in individual water supply systems

Automatic memorization of the algorithm of certain actions is useful only in standard situations. In practice, various malfunctions occur, so deep knowledge is required. They will also be useful in order to buy a new pressure switch for the pump without annoying mistakes and unnecessary expenses.

Why do I need to fine-tune the pressure switch of the pumping station

• At low pressure, tap water flows too slowly. Some dishwasher models do not turn on or malfunction.
• Excessively high pressure exerts excessive loads on all elements of the water supply system. The likelihood of accidents increases.
• Inaccurate adjustment of the water pressure switch for the pump causes it to operate very often. This prematurely wears out the mechanical components of the device.

It functions like this:

• Wells "on the sand", wells and other typical sources do not themselves create pressure in the water supply system. To solve this problem, a pump (10) is used at the first stage.
• When turned on, it supplies liquid to a special tank (15). It has a flexible baffle. This capacitance is a storage and damper at the same time.
• After reaching the maximum pressure (3.3 atm.), the contact groups of the relay (1) open, the pump motor is turned off.
• From now on, the pressure in the system is maintained only by the tank.
• In the process of work and other consumers, the pressure drops. When it decreases to 2.2 atm. The relay contacts close the 220V electrical circuit and turn on the pump.

These cycles are repeated automatically, without user intervention.

Note! Pressure levels are working, but approximate. In order to accurately adjust the water pressure switch for the pump, the appropriate station-specific data must be used.

Parameters of products from different manufacturers

The following table shows the data of specialized control relays for water stations.

Table 1. Data of specialized control relays for water stations.

Image	Model	Pressure range, atm.	Cost, rub.	Peculiarities
	Genebre 3780 (Spain)	Up to 4	350-400	Manufacturer's warranty 1 year.
	Italtecnica PM/5	1-5	470-490
	UNIPUMP PM/5	1-4,5	460	Analogue of Italtecnica, joint production Italy - Russia.
	Italtecnica PM53W	1-5	950	Built-in pressure gauge, 5 fittings, strengthening of threaded connections with metal inserts.
	Italtecnica PMR/5	1-5	795 – 820	Button for manual start on the body, water temperature up to +110°C.
	Danfoss KPI 35 (Poland)	0,2-8	3 100 – 3 500	Industrial grade relay with IP44 protection.
	Tival FF4 (Germany)	0,2-8	5 100 – 5 300	Silumin transparent housing for easy visual inspection.

The principles of operation of the above products are the same. The mechanism in the figure provides relatively low information content. It is more accurate and easier to set the pressure using a specialized device, a pressure gauge.

The price of electronic water pressure switches for the pump is higher. These devices should be considered separately, as they differ significantly from the models presented in this article. Their equipment includes: micro-turbines for measuring the fluid flow rate, special pressure sensors and data transmission units for external display devices.

Water pressure switch adjustment method for pump

This algorithm is used in the "ideal" situation, when the water supply system is working.

The following steps will help you set up your new controller:

• Disconnect the pump from the 220 V network and drain the water completely.
• Power is supplied to the engine and the pressure gauge monitors the pressure increase and fixes the level of automatic shutdown. Open the valve so that the pressure drops slowly. Record the readings of the device at which the relay contacts close.

A small spring sets not a certain pressure to turn off, but the difference between the values ​​\u200b\u200bof turning on and turning off the pump

Diagnostics, post-configuration troubleshooting and upgrades

If the above scheme does not work, loosen both nuts with a preliminary increase in pressure, for example, up to 3.3 atm. Slowly lower the liquid to the required level (2, 3 atm.), Close the valve. The nut on the large spring is clamped to the position until the relay turns off. After - repeat the steps from the previous section.

Standard regulators (such as Italtecnica PM/5) can be upgraded:

• The third spring, created in the form of a pin, is bent in such a way that the fixation in the plastic stops becomes more reliable.
• The neutral conductor is connected directly to the motor. The phase wire is divided into two groups, which reduces wear during the burning of contacts.

General conclusions

Using these instructions, self-adjusting the water pressure switch for the pumping station will not cause difficulties. When choosing a new product for replacement, you should pay attention to the following parameters:

• compliance of threaded connections;

Article

Autonomous water supply systems from wells and wells consist of several important components: pumping equipment, a hydraulic accumulator, automation, pipes and equipment for water points. The pressure difference in the submersible pump raises the water to the desired height. Further, through the pipes, it enters the storage tank, from where it is fed to the points of analysis. This ensures proper pressure and stable operation of the entire system as a whole. For the normal operation of the water supply, it is necessary to correctly configure the automation in order to guarantee a minimum number of on-off pumps and extend its life.

Scheme of an autonomous water supply system

How a submersible pump works

Surface and submersible pumps are used to supply water. The former are installed next to water sources, while the latter are completely or partially lowered into the water (the installation method depends on the design features of a particular model). The housings of submersible devices are sealed. The principle of their operation is approximately the same: the pump draws water into the housing through the inlet and pushes it through the outlet pipe into the pipeline.

Depending on the design, the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of a submersible pump is created either by an oscillating membrane (vibrating models) or by the rotation of one or more impellers (centrifugal devices). Many well owners install centrifugal-type devices. They are more expensive, but more productive, versatile and do not destroy the casing during operation.

The duration and safety of the pump operation largely depends on the automatic systems that regulate the mode of their on and off. If the device is connected to the water supply directly, without a hydraulic tank, then it turns on every time the taps at the draw-off points are opened. This mode of operation leads to its rapid failure. When connected to a hydraulic accumulator, it is necessary to correctly set the pressure limits for the device to operate optimally.

Design diagram of a centrifugal submersible pump

Pressure switch in an autonomous water supply system

For normal operation of the pump, a pressure switch is connected. This is a device that turns on and off the water-lifting equipment in automatic mode, when the water pressure changes within the specified limits. When the lower threshold of the set parameters is reached, the device closes the contacts, supplies current to the pump, and it turns on. When the pressure rises to the upper threshold, the automation opens the contacts, the power stops flowing to the equipment, and it turns off.

Pressure switch for the water supply system of a private house

Design features of the device

The design of the relay provides a flexible membrane. Under the influence of pressure in the system, it is deformed and closes or opens the contacts. The operation of the device is regulated by special springs, which are adjusted using nuts - tightening or releasing them. When the nut is tightened, the spring is compressed. The more it is clamped, the more pressure is required for its operation.

The difference between the on and off thresholds of the device is adjusted using the second nut. The more it is tightened, the greater the pressure difference. The relay is connected to the power supply network and to the pump itself using two pairs of contacts. For installation of the device on the pipe of the water supply system, a threaded hole is provided, the diameter of which is most often ¼ inch.

Submersible pump pressure switch connection diagram

Video: purpose and principle of operation of the pressure switch

How to connect the device correctly

The peculiarity of connecting a pressure switch is that it has to be connected to two networks - electrical and plumbing. The first stage is the connection to the water supply system. To do this, a special adapter is purchased separately if the diameter of the threaded water supply inlet differs from the threaded hole of the device.

For the pressure switch, choose a convenient place on the pipeline with free access. Threaded connections are sealed with flax or other material from beginning to end. After that, the device is connected to the thread. The nut must sit exactly on the seal. When working, make sure that the sealing material does not come out and does not gather in folds.

When the device is installed on the water supply, it is connected to the mains. For this, one or two pairs of contacts are provided. Models with two pairs are found on sale more often, usually homeowners purchase them. If there is a marking on the contacts, then when connecting, you should focus on it. If not, you need to carefully study the instructions and understand the purpose of each of the elements.

Before connecting, make sure that the device is in order, and that the contacts close and open normally. A three-wire cable is used for connection. The first core is connected to the first contact, the second - to the second, the third - to the screw from the ground wire. The relay is connected to the contacts of the pump using a wire of the appropriate diameter.

Relay connection diagram through a five-pin fitting

Adjustment of thresholds for switching on and off the pump

The devices are sold with factory settings. The lower threshold is usually set to turn on the pump when the pressure drops to 1.5 bar. The device turns off when the pressure reaches 2.5-3 bar. The difference (Δ - delta) is a parameter that can be adjusted with the second nut on the device. When setting, the maximum allowable shut-off pressure must be taken into account. It is indicated in the technical documentation for each model and is usually 5 bar.

When adjusting the pressure limits, it is necessary to check the settings of the accumulator. The optimal pressure indicators are 1-1.5 bar. If they differ, they are corrected. After that, configure the relay:

• Open the cover to access the adjustment nuts and loosen the small pressure spring.
• The switching threshold is adjusted with a large nut. Turning clockwise increases the pressure, counter-clockwise reduces it.
• Adjust the pressure threshold of the small spring.

Video tutorial: setting the pressure switch for a submersible pump

When the device is connected and configured, it remains only to check the operation of the system. To do this, open the tap, let the water drain and monitor the on-off mode of the pump. If the system is working properly, it can be put into service. If necessary, the pressure switch settings of the submersible pump are adjusted.