In your home, you may need a water heated floor on the ground. Subject to compliance with the existing SNiP, you can do the work yourself, starting from backfilling and ending with a final screed, followed by finishing with a floor covering.
Is it possible to make a water floor on the ground
A pie of a water-heated floor on the ground can be performed provided that the method of installing a heating system using concrete screed. Laying allows you to simultaneously achieve several goals: to make a rough floor and prepare the base for the finish coat.The design of a water heated floor on the ground provides for the work that is usually used for cooking concrete slab in industrial and residential buildings. The result of the work largely depends on the achievement of several tasks:
- Providing reliable thermal insulation that prevents freezing of the floor.
- Protection of the premises from the appearance of dampness.
- Prevention of cracking of the slab after several years of operation.
What "pie" should be under the warm floor
The layout of the floor on the ground is somewhat different from the usual pie used to install the heating system on an already prepared base. The following stages of work are carried out:
To make a water floor on the ground with your own hands, it will take time from 20 days to 1.5 months. You can speed up the installation process by ordering ready-made cement mixtures.
The main mistakes when installing a water floor on the ground
When performing work on bulk soil, it is easy to make mistakes that lead to the destruction of the slab in the future. Requires strict adherence phased production floor water heating pie, starting from the ground. It would be optimal to preliminarily perform a heat engineering calculation that allows you to accurately determine the thickness of the powder, thermal insulation and the power of the heating system.
Common mistakes during installation are:
- Violations of the technology of installing a warm water floor on the ground. The lack of expansion gaps in the slab, poorly performed work on tamping the powder, improperly laid waterproofing, subsequently become the cause of freezing of the screed, accumulation of condensate and dampness in the room.
- Be sure to sprinkle sand on the soil base before crushed stone. In this case, you can use any type of raw material, but it will be optimal river sand large faction. The minimum soil density after compaction depends on the weather and atmospheric conditions of the area and is calculated according to special tables.
Concrete floor on the ground in a private house is a well-known universal way arrangement of reliable and warm base. Through the use of new types of insulation, we get good thermal insulation the entire floor, which leads to a reduction in the cost of public utilities. And also the insulation is an obstacle to the penetration of moisture and the appearance of fungus and mold.
And the most important thing is that this species you can build the floor with your own hands. In this article we will analyze all the advantages and disadvantages. Consider in detail the arrangement of the floor on the ground.
Floor on the ground: the pros and cons
Let's start with the fact that this type of floor is a "layer cake". And each layer has its own functions and purpose, thanks to such a device, the floor on the ground has a number of advantages:
There are not many disadvantages, but they are all there:
Cannot be used on loose ground.
How to make the right floor construction on the ground
We will consider the correct classic floor structure, which will consist of 9 layers. We will analyze each layer separately.
It’s worth saying right away that for each master and specialist, the number of layers can change, and the materials can also differ.
This type of floor is ideal for a strip foundation. The average thickness of the “floor pie” is approximately 60-70 cm. This should be taken into account when building the foundation.
If your foundation height is not enough, then choose the soil, up to given depth. Level the surface and tamp. For convenience, in the corners around the entire perimeter, a scale should be applied in increments of 5 cm, so it will be more convenient to navigate in layers and levels.
It is important that for compacting the soil it is best to rent a vibrating plate, since manual way will take a lot of time and will not give such results as a special device.
Clay. If during the sampling of the earth you have reached a layer of clay, then you should not fill in a new one. The layer thickness must be at least 10 cm. 
Clay is sold in bags, we pour it out and moisten it special solution(4 liters of water + 1 teaspoon of liquid glass), and we carry out tamping using a vibrating plate. After tamping, we spill a layer of clay with cement milk (10 liters of water + 2 kg of cement).
We make sure that there are no puddles. As soon as you spill clay with this composition, the process of glass crystallization begins.
You should not do anything for a day, it is worth waiting for the crystallization process to seize, and it will end in about 14-16 days. This layer prevents the main flow of water from the ground.
Layer of waterproofing material. The purpose of this layer is to protect the insulation from moisture. You can use roofing material, polymer-bitumen materials, PVC membranes and polyethylene film not less than 0.4 mm thick.
In the case of using roofing material, it is preferable to lay it in two layers, on liquid bitumen. Lay waterproofing overlap with each other and on the walls.
Between themselves 10-15 cm, and on the walls to the height of the floor level. The seams must be glued with construction tape. Walking on waterproofing material should be in soft shoes.
insulation+ layer of vapor barrier. Most best material for insulation, it is extruded polystyrene foam (EPS). For reference, EPPS 5 cm thick can replace a 70 cm layer of expanded clay.
But so, you can use perlite concrete and sawdust concrete. Insulation sheets are laid without joints, so that one plane is formed.
The thickness is determined depending on the region, the recommended thickness of the insulation is 5-10 cm. Some use mats 5 cm thick, and lay two layers, with offset seams, and glue the upper seams with special adhesive tape.
In order to remove cold bridges from the foundation or basement, the insulation is laid vertically and fastened with dowels with inside. Experts recommend insulating the basement from the outside, with one sheet of insulation and also fixing it with dowels. 
On top of the insulation should be laid a layer of vapor barrier. As vapor barrier material it is best to use PVC membranes, they do not rot and have long term operation. The disadvantage of this material is the high cost.
The main task of the vapor barrier material is to protect the insulation from the harmful alkaline effects. concrete mortar. The material is laid with an overlap of 10-15 cm and glued with construction tape.
We make smoothing with the help of a rule or a vibrating screed. As soon as the solution dries, the beacons should be removed, and the cavities filled with a solution.
The entire concrete floor should be covered with a film and watered periodically. In a month, the concrete will gain full strength. To pour concrete with my own hands, I make a solution of the following composition: cement + river sand in a ratio of 1 to 3.
In the case of using underfloor heating technology, water or electric. Be sure to mount the rough floor screed on the ground. 
After laying the insulation, pipes or wires are laid. Then we fill the cavities with concrete, lay the reinforcing elements and continue pouring concrete to a predetermined level.
The technology of floors on the ground can be used not only in brick and stone houses, but so, the same in houses made of wood. At right approach and correct calculations, the layers do not harm the wooden elements.
Finishing flooring . The resulting concrete surface is suitable for any type of fine flooring. It all depends on your preferences and financial capabilities.
As mentioned above, the combination of components, and the number of layers may be different. It all depends on your finances and capabilities.
Conclusion
As we all know, from 20 to 30% of heat can go through the floor. In cases where there is no “warm floor” system, the floors should be as thermally insulated as possible, and this in turn increases the energy efficiency of the entire house.
The owner of a private house receives comfort, coziness and savings on utility bills. Floors on the ground with insulation are a highly effective and long-term choice for every owner.
One of critical aspects repair and construction is considered the arrangement of floors. In a private house, this problem is more acute. Quite often they design a warm floor on the ground - a popular, popular solution to the issue. After all, it keeps heat well, creates comfort, sometimes replaces heating. To equip such a coating, it is necessary to strictly comply with the conditions of SNiP, installation rules, which is associated with soil shrinkage.
Laying the "warm floor" system
Warm floor on the ground - what is it?
Underfloor heating is like a multi-layer cake, which necessarily contains thermal insulation. The floor structure on the ground is done in two stages: a rough screed is poured in the lower layers, and after it has matured, the remaining layers are laid.
The point is in the soil - it has the properties of subsidence. Even when it is caked, compacted, after laying the "pie" of the warm floor, movements occur, and the floor elements may break. Therefore, first, according to the rules, a rough screed is made, then a warm floor is laid.
Scheme of a heated floor pie on sand Sometimes a heated structure is made without the first screed - a warm floor is laid on the sand. This can be done if you install two reinforcing frames: one under the heat insulator, the other in the screed - you need to carefully compact the layers of sand, gravel, soil.
The device of the heated floor in the building depends on the soil indicators, which must comply with the standards. Groundwater should be no more than 600 cm from the soil layer. It is required that the soil has low indicators of friability, airiness. Construction is prohibited on chernozem soils, sandstones.
It is important to take into account the load that acts on the foundation. Floor installation provides the following:
- Thermal insulation.
- Ground water flood protection.
- Elimination of external sounds.
- Protection against ingress of water vapor into the floor.
- Prevention of cracking.
- Providing comfort to residents.
The composition of the floor system pie
For rooms, premises with an area of 20 sq. m use an electric, water method of floor heating. For small rooms (bathrooms) electric heating is more suitable.
Attention! When arranging and choosing the type of underfloor heating, it should be remembered that water heating requires a boiler, a collector, and much more. To connect the underfloor heating system to the system central heating special permissions are needed, since installation in already existing system may cause it to malfunction.
The structure of the "pie" of the floor on the ground By design, a warm floor on the ground consists of several layers, the installation of each is carried out in stages. Despite several methods of laying the structure, there are general rules, which are executed anyway:
- Before laying the first layer of the pie, it is required to prepare the soil: clean it of debris, various objects, grass cover, level the surface.
- Well-compacted sand - 15 cm. A vibrating plate is used to compact the soil. Sand is compacted in a wet way.
- A layer of crushed stone (gravel) 8-15 cm. It does not allow groundwater to rise. Metal mesh that strengthens the screed. Rough concrete screed - 150 mm - with compensation distance between zones. In between there is a damper tape.
- Waterproofing layer to prevent moisture absorption by concrete. It is made from a film, a membrane. The material is overlapped, secured with tape. Bitumen-rubber mastic is also suitable.
- Insulation layer. To do this, use foamed polystyrene foam, foil polystyrene. At high load plates are used. The thickness depends on the climate conditions in the region.
- Waterproofing from a film, roofing material is carried out in 1-2 layers.
- Installation of floor pipes, finishing screed with a total thickness of 10 cm with mandatory reinforcement. A water circuit is attached to the grid.
- Decorative flooring.
The whole process of arranging the layers of the cake according to the technology can take up to 1.5 months.
Advantages, disadvantages of a heated floor
The floor heating system has its advantages:
- Reliably protects from cold. After all, the soil under the floor has a positive temperature.
- Choose any heater.
- Film, roofing material is suitable for waterproofing.
- The floor is finished with any coating.
- When arranging, the entire load is directed to the ground, so no calculations are required. If the load is increased, the thickness of the cake increases.
- Changes can be made to the design, for example, to make the thermal insulation thicker.
- The warm floor is used as the main, additional, heating. Such floors warm up quickly, distribute the temperature evenly, which eliminates the occurrence of drafts.
- The floors are well soundproofed.
- Protect against the formation of mold, fungi, and other microorganisms.
Arrangement of a floor heating system during the construction of a house In spite of a large number of advantages, it should be noted negative sides. Such a floor reduces the height of the room, if the system breaks down, repairs will be expensive, difficult, the location must be taken into account ground water, the process of arranging the system on the ground itself takes a long time (it is desirable to carry out laying during the construction of the house).
- A warm floor on the ground in a private house can be arranged independently, having studied the entire technology of the processes. First, determine to what level the soil should be removed.
Attention! The soil must be removed - it will decompose, "smell" if it is not removed. Especially, upper layer very loose and will settle.
- Regardless of whether the subfloor will be laid, the soil is removed. The lower layers are dense, since there are no microorganisms there, and they experience a lot of stress.
- The thickness of the heated floor can be 20 cm or more. Therefore, the markup starts from the zero level, i.e., where the finishing floor is. Make a mark and consider how deep you should go down. It is advisable to note the thickness of each layer.
- A dense layer of soil should be carefully leveled, compacted, and checked for evenness along the level. After all, this is the foundation the following materials. Sand after careful tamping is also leveled. A layer of expanded clay, crushed stone is compacted to the state of a monolith.
- The first screed is made in two ways: crushed stone with sand is poured with a liquid cement-sand mortar, a screed up to 150 mm thick is poured. To reinforce the screed, a reinforcing mesh or metal wire is used. The floor is reliable, it can withstand heavy loads.
- The joints of the polystyrene boards are glued with adhesive tape so that the solution does not leak.
Thermal insulation for underfloor heating key moment - Plates use above 35 kg / cu. meter. For cold regions, its thickness can be more than 10 centimeters. When the thickness of the thermal insulation layer is large, then two layers are made. Moreover, the joints of the 1st layer are covered with plates of the 2nd layer.
Heated floor pie installation options
Laying is carried out in several ways - the choice depends on the flow of groundwater, the type of heating system, loads, and other factors.
The floor pie has the main layer - a concrete subfloor (it is considered the main one). There is an option when concrete layer changes to sand cushion 150 mm thick. All work and the sequence of their implementation does not change. However, leveling the sand cushion is much more difficult.
depending on the heater
The variant of the cake varies from the selected insulation. For example, when choosing expanded polystyrene, laying is carried out as follows:
- Crushed stone layer - 300 mm.
- Concrete screed - 150 mm.
- Waterproofing.
- Polyurethane foam.
- Finishing screed with steel mesh reinforcement.
Using mineral wool boards, which are considered durable, resistant to deformation, they are laid in two layers. To reduce the absorption of moisture, the plates are treated with a water-repellent solution.
With a high location of groundwater
Floor cake with drainage When subsoil waters are close, then observance of the sequence of layers is not enough - water must be diverted. If the floor heating cake is laid on the ground below the groundwater level, then drainage must be done.
Therefore, at least 30 cm below the required level, a drainage system is made. They use river sand, other rocks, for example, excavated soil mixed with crushed stone.
Important! For device drainage system it is impossible to use peat rocks of the soil, black soil.
The selected material is poured in layers of 100 mm, which are compacted, spilled with water. Three layers are made, geotextiles are laid on the compacted material. It passes water without mixing with different materials. It has increased strength, is not damaged by insects, animals, evens out the load.
Waterproofing is carried out with bituminous mastic (other material), thermal insulation along the perimeter of the floor foundation with expanded polystyrene plates. For reliability, they make the main screed, carry out waterproofing with membranes. Then the remaining layers are laid: heat insulator, fasteners, pipes. It is poured with a screed, the front cover is laid.
Warm floor of a private house - great option which saves time, reduces costs. Competent arrangement The "pie" of the heated floor provides warmth, home comfort for a long time.
Multilayer "pie" of the "warm floor" system on the sand:
When planning to make a warm floor in the house on the ground, it is advisable to make the construction in two stages: first, pour a rough screed onto the lower layers, and only after it has matured, lay all the other layers on it.
The fact is that the soil and, accordingly, all layers above it can sag. Even if the soil is compacted, even if it is rammed, there will be movements. He lay simply, without load. If you lay a warm floor cake on top, and it weighs a lot, drawdowns will begin, cracks will appear. It can even break the elements of the warm floor. Then all the money will be thrown to the wind. That is why experts advise first to make a rough floor according to all the rules, and then lay a water floor on top. So much more reliable.
Yes, many have a warm floor on the ground without a screed, and nothing sags. But not for everyone and not always. So think carefully. A warm concrete floor on the ground will be more reliable with a rough screed. If you still decide to do without this layer, install at least two reinforcing frames: the first under the heat insulator, and the second in the screed. Then, with careful ramming, everything can stand well.
An example of a floor heating pie on the ground
First of all, we determine the level to which you need to remove the soil. The soil must be removed. If the humus layer or plant residues are not removed, they will begin to decompose and “smell”. Therefore, you will make a draft floor or not, but you need to remove all unnecessary. Especially since fertile layer usually the loosest, and it will definitely settle and can pull all the layers lying above with it. The rocks lying below are denser, firstly because they experience heavy loads, and secondly, because living beings and microorganisms live there less.
For the whole cake of a warm floor on the ground, it can take from 20 cm or more (in some regions - much more). Therefore, you need to start marking from the zero level - where the final floor will be located. Mark it, and then consider how deep you need to go. It is advisable to mark the level of each layer: then it will be easier to navigate.
Warm floor on the ground is quite possible to do it yourself
The correct design of a warm floor on the ground is as follows:
- Take off fertile soil remove all rubbish and stones. Level and compact the remaining soil. This must be done very carefully, and verified by the level. This is the basis for all subsequent materials.
- A layer of compacted sand (level). Any sand is taken for filling. The main thing is to compact it well and level it again.
- A layer of expanded clay or crushed stone (crushed stone is preferable due to lower thermal conductivity). Fraction - small or medium. We compact for a long time and persistently until it becomes almost a monolith.
- Pre-stretch. There are two options here:
- Spill crushed stone and sand with a liquid solution (sand + cement in a ratio of 2: 1).
- Fill in the black screed. The desired thickness of this layer is 5-7cm. And for reliability, lay a reinforcing mesh of metal wire 3 mm, with a cell of 10 * 10 cm. Such a subfloor is more reliable. It will withstand heavy loads.
- After everything has set and the concrete has hardened, a layer of waterproofing is laid. If the primer is dry, this is usually a polyethylene film, preferably 200 mn in two coats.
- Styrofoam plates (glue the joints with adhesive tape so that the solution does not leak).
- A layer of metallized waterproofing (not foil, but metallized).
- Underfloor heating fixing system and heating tubes, cables, etc.
- Underfloor heating screed, preferably reinforced.
Read about solutions and additives for underfloor heating here.
The thickness of all layers of the underfloor heating cake on the ground depends on the region: the colder, the more. In the south, it can be 2-5 cm, but the further north, the more massive layers are required. Each of them is well compacted and leveled. You can use manual rammers, but mechanical ones are much more effective.
Particular attention should be paid to the heat insulator. It is recommended to use expanded polystyrene in plates, its density is not lower than 35 kg / m3. For northern regions it can be 10 cm or more. If the thickness of the thermal insulation is large (extruded polystyrene foam), it is advisable to use two layers of boards. And lay them so that the seams of the lower layer overlap with the slab lying on top. Glue the joints of each layer with tape.
To protect against dampness, do not forget to carry out waterproofing work with the foundation before starting all work. It is also important not to forget to isolate the foundation from the entire underfloor heating structure. It is necessary to put the same polystyrene foam in plates along the perimeter. In general, the idea behind hydro and thermal insulation is this: to reduce heat loss, you need to isolate your floor from everything but indoor air. Then the heating will be economical, and the rooms will be warm.
The choice of thermal insulation is a key moment in the organization of a warm floor
Process technology at high groundwater levels
If the groundwater is high, correct sequence layers is not everything. You need to get the water out somehow.
If the depth of laying the underfloor heating layers turned out to be lower than the level of soil water, drainage is necessary. For him, at least 30 cm lower required level making a drainage system. It is advisable to pour river sand, but such volumes cost a lot, so you can use other rocks, but not peat or black soil. As an option - excavated soil mixed with crushed stone.
When laying heat-insulating plates, their joints must be glued with adhesive tape - so the solution will not flow into the cracks
The selected material is poured in layers of 10 cm, each of which is compacted and spilled with water. Layers are usually made three, but more can be. On compacted sand or soil with crushed stone, we lay a layer of geotextile. This is modern material, which will pass water down and will not mix different materials. It is not damaged by insects and animals, has high tensile strength. Also, geotextiles additionally equalize the mechanical loads that the floor will experience.
At the same stage, you need to take care of both the hydro and thermal insulation of the floor from the foundation. Can be used for this purpose bituminous mastic or other modern and reliable waterproofing materials and impregnations. And the thermal insulation is standard: the inner perimeter of the foundation is covered with expanded polystyrene plates.
Then there are layers of sand and gravel, and a rough screed is poured on them. Spilling with a liquid cement-sand composition in this case is undesirable. A rough screed is needed for reliability. After it dries, a layer of waterproofing should be applied. At high level groundwater it is better to use not polyethylene, but welded waterproofing or polymer membranes. They are more reliable, although they are more expensive.
Underfloor heating construction on the ground
Further, all the layers, as previously recommended: a heat insulator, a metal-coated hydrobarrier, and fasteners with underfloor heating pipes (or heating cables, for example). All this is covered with a metal reinforcing mesh and filled with another layer of mortar. And then - depending on the used finish coat for underfloor heating.
Results
Warm floor in the house on the ground - quite complex structure. In order for it to be reliable, a rough screed is needed. If for some reason it is not possible to make a screed, you can, in extreme cases, get by with tamping the layers.
Photo gallery (7 photos):
The device of heat-insulated floors on soil, allows to receive a reliable and durable floor covering. There are several design options, the choice is made based on the following factors:
- Groundwater - level of occurrence;
- The presence of a coolant;
- operating loads.
floor construction
If the waters lie above two meters, then concrete floor construction, will consist of a sand-gravel mixture, covered with polyethylene, on top of which a rough screed is made, covered with roofing material and insulation. The upper layers are represented by a finishing screed, reinforced mesh and similar coverage. If there is a low groundwater level (> 2 meters), then the design undergoes changes. After preliminary tamping of the soil, a filling is made, which consists of a sand-gravel mixture, additionally bonded with mortar. A heater is laid on top, sealed with a finishing screed and the same coating.
The main elements of the pie
The structure is called concrete floor cake on the ground, it is precisely its arrangement that needs to be given special attention. The soil that serves as the basis for the floor covering should be carefully compacted. Several layers of crushed stone and sand are provided, each of them has a thickness of 10 cm.
Attention! The backfill will protect the coating from capillary moisture.
It is necessary to use large gravel (fraction 50 mm), as well as river sand, the layers of backfill should be carefully compacted.
The composition of the so-called "pie"
A rough screed is made on top of the backfill, it is placed on the film and has a thickness of 7 cm, its reinforcement is welcome. Here it is necessary to use fine gravel (fraction 10mm) and the same river sand. If there is a low occurrence of groundwater, then filling is done. The bedding is poured with a specially prepared solution, and there is no need to use polyethylene. Concrete floor waterproofing on the ground is done using roofing material, laid in two layers. The floor insulation is made of foam plastic, the density of this material must be at least 30 kg / m 3.
Special attention is given to the finishing screed, it has a thickness of up to 10 cm. Fine crushed stone (fraction 10 mm) and river sand are used here, this layer must be reinforced, since there will be a finishing coating on top of it.
Ground floor laying technology
The reliability and durability of the floor covering depends on compliance with the technology. Initially, the base is leveled, it is necessary to determine the zero level, to which concrete will be poured. The surface is cleaned, and then the soil is carefully rammed, concrete floor thickness is 30 cm, therefore, it is necessary to remove the same layer of earth. Now you can fill in gravel, it is filled with water and rammed, sand is poured over it, and then crushed stone. Having compacted the base, it is again covered with a layer of sand, which is leveled and rammed.
Attention! Multi-layer base, must be leveled in horizontal plane.
Waterproofing and thermal insulation
Now you can equip the waterproofing, the first thing is the film spreads, it is important that its thickness is at least 200 microns. The material is laid out along the entire perimeter, its edges are brought out above the zero level, the sheets are overlapped, and the joints are sealed with adhesive tape. The thermal insulation layer can be made from several materials:
- Expanded clay;
- Styrofoam;
- Basalt wool;
- Cork;
- Waterproof plywood.
In order for the base to acquire additional strength, it is necessary to reinforce it, this can be done using a metal mesh. It is necessary to lay the frame on a three-centimeter stand.
Pouring a concrete base
Pouring concrete requires precision, in order to avoid trouble, guides should be laid. The room is divided into equal segments (2 meters wide), which are divided using guide bars, the height of which does not exceed the zero level. Fixing the guides is carried out with cement mortar.
We must not forget about the formwork, which is mounted between the guides, which allows you to make "cards", which are subsequently poured with concrete mortar. Formwork is formed from plywood, which has increased moisture resistance. The formwork is leveled in a horizontal plane, in accordance with the zero level, plywood elements are processed special composition, allowing in the future to quickly remove them from the mixture after pouring.
Pouring is carried out in several passes, having prepared concrete from cement with sand, water and crushed stone (proportion 1: 2: 0.5: 4), you can make a monolithic reliable structure. The process starts from the corner of the room, the mixture is manually leveled with shovels, the coating is compacted with a vibrator.
When everything is ready, you can level the base, for this a rule is used by which excess mixture is removed. Formwork elements are removed, and concrete mixture is added to the voids. The floor covering is covered with polyethylene and left in this state for 30 days, it is regularly moistened with liquid. The finishing touch is the screed, for which they acquire a self-leveling mixture, which is straightened out by the rule.
Warm concrete floor on the ground ready, it remains to lay the flooring, for which you can use any materials, from parquet to linoleum and karmic tiles. Strictly follow the technology to get a reliable coating.
How to properly lay underfloor heating on the basement floor, in log house or in a building that will be used by you only as temporary housing, on the ground? To ensure high strength and reliability of the structure, as well as to exclude soil subsidence and reduce heat loss, it is necessary to carry out work in two main stages. On the first of them, a draft floor is poured. After that, you should wait for the screed to fully mature and lay the so-called warm floor cake.
Filling the rough screed
Pouring a rough screed is only a preparatory stage, however, all the work listed below should be done with the highest quality. Otherwise, concrete floors laid on the ground are unlikely to perform to your specifications and provide adequate heating. The following step-by-step instructions will help eliminate any problems in the future:
- to begin with, we carry out marking on the ground and around the entire perimeter of the room on the surface of the walls we apply control line. It will help to adjust the height of each layer of screed or bedding;
- the next stage of flooring on the ground is careful leveling of the soil and its tamping;
- waterproofing, for which either a durable polyethylene film or roofing material can be used;
- preparation of the base for the first layer of insulation, the manufacture of a sand cushion, the height of which should not exceed 2-2.5 centimeters;
- laying pillows made of expanded clay. It is this material that is used as a heater when laying the floor on the ground;
- installation of beacons, which make it possible to fill in perfectly smooth screed. They are fixed on cement-sand mortar, made with the addition of a small amount of adhesive for ceramic tiles;
- pouring and leveling the subfloor. It is best to make it reinforced metal mesh, and for concrete mortar use exclusively river sand and fine gravel.
After that, it is better to wait 25-28 days until the screed is fully matured. But if this is not possible, you can proceed with the installation of a warm floor on the ground in a week.
Underfloor heating cake: a description of each layer
As soon as the rough screed acquires the necessary strength characteristics, we begin to lay the floors on the ground in the following sequence:
- directly on the concrete surface is a membrane or a special waterproofing film. It serves to exclude the absorption of moisture by concrete, its gradual destruction under its influence. The waterproofing layer is overlapped with the joints fixed with masking tape;
- insulation is laid on the waterproofing. As it is better to use polystyrene boards. The joints between them are also glued with adhesive tape, which prevents the solution from seeping into the lower layers;
- metallized waterproofing is laid, which not only provides protection against moisture, but also has high strength, which allows it to withstand a serious load;
- fasteners are mounted, and heating cables, pipes, infrared film - those materials that you have chosen to equip the floor heating the room;
- installed necessary equipment– thermostats, sensors, etc.;
- a clean screed is poured. When installing floors on the ground, it must also be reinforced (to increase strength, a galvanized steel mesh is used that can withstand the aggressive effects of concrete).
To fill the finishing screed, it is best to use the so-called semi-dry compositions, in which plasticizers and other additives are used, allowing:
- with minimal effort create perfect flat surface even when laying a warm floor on the ground;
- minimize the risk of moisture absorption by concrete;
- increase the heat transfer of the structure due to the fact that the coating is homogeneous and has practically no voids;
- reduce the drying time of the screed due to the use of a small amount of water in the process of making the solution.
Some semi-dry solutions make it possible to lay the flooring literally a week after pouring the final screed. However, if you have no time to rush, it makes sense to wait 28 days until it fully matures.
Many people wonder how to arrange a warm water floor on the ground? Having step by step instructions to the preparation and arrangement of the entire system, the process is not so complicated. Below is brief information about what is a warm floor on the ground, what is needed and how to mount it.
Installation of a heating water structure on the ground will become a special point in reducing the cost of building a foundation foundation for a house. At the same time, it is guaranteed to get a room with a comfortable warm atmosphere at the end.
To ensure that the final structure is reliable and the base is solid the best choice there will be a concrete screed device in several layers, between which the floor heating system will be located. In general, the entire installation process warm floors over ground base consists of two extensive procedures: the preparation of a concrete base and the installation of a direct water structure for underfloor heating.
What will be needed?
To prepare the ground for further work and installation of the heating structure will require a certain set of tools and materials.
Basic materials and tools for underfloor heating on the ground:
- coarse sand (river);
- crushed stone;
- heat-insulating material made of aluminum foil;
- fasteners for the pipeline;
- damper tape;
- reinforcing mesh;
- manifold with mounting cabinet;
- building mix for pouring a self-leveling floor.
Foundation preparation
As with any work, preparation begins with cleaning the soil surface from construction debris. After that, you need to decide on the level of the future floor. The measurement of the layered base under the warm floor is carried out from top to bottom. To do this, you need a cord and nails, with which a line is drawn along the perimeter of the territory, symbolizing the clean level of the floor. After that, the layers of screed, coating, substrate and waterproofing are measured down.
Important! If there is a dangerous proximity to groundwater, then you will need to make a drainage system to prevent unnecessary moisture from entering the base.
The next event on the list will be laying the foundation. The materials for its device will be coarse river sand and crushed stone with a particle size of 3 cm, laid according to the scheme to a depth of about 30 cm. The arranged base is carefully compacted with constant moisture.
In the case when the structure is located on a dry hill, a layer of litter is laid on top of the base. If drainage is required, then the use of a layer is recommended. special material- geotextile. And already on top of the litter crushed stone or gravel of large fractions is poured.
After laying and waterproofing, if necessary, a layer is arranged to insulate heat from the floor. Among the many materials, aluminum foil-coated polystyrene foam, which has low thermal conductivity, is durable and resistant to moisture, will be ideal.
