Equipment for frame housing construction. Workshop for frame house kits. Self-assembly of house kits

Today, such an entrepreneurial business as the production of frame houses is beginning to enjoy particular popularity. And in order to organize your company in this field of activity, you will need to purchase all the necessary equipment. In this review, we will highlight what equipment you need to purchase to start production.

Purchase of a minimum set of installations

So, what equipment for the production of frame houses may be required? An example should be given of a production line with a minimum number of installations. Need to buy:

Panel assembly line that works with material up to 10 meters long.
A machine that may be required to assemble window packages.
Lift, through the use of which it is possible to deliver window packages to the required place.
The machine with which the wood will be processed. You will also need such equipment for the production of frame houses as a conveyor.
It is necessary to purchase a device for cutting plates.
You will need a rack for insulation rolls.
A hoist is needed to lift the slabs.
To clean the premises, you will need to purchase a sawdust removal system.
You will need an air compressor and pipeline.
Knocking tools required.

Equipment purchase costs

When purchasing all the necessary equipment for the production of frame houses, it will be necessary to agree with the supplier on the installation supervision of the equipment and on training the personnel to work with the installations. This may require about 600 thousand rubles. To purchase a production line, an entrepreneur may need about 12 million rubles.

What can you say about the materials used?

The technology of frame houses includes the use of raw materials such as sawn pine or spruce boards. Plate material or panel board can also be used. You will need to use heaters. As such a material, slab thermal insulation is usually used, which is characterized by fire-resistant qualification.

You need to think about waterproofing. As a material in this situation, ordinary construction polyethylene is used. Fastening is provided by brackets.

Additional nuances

When purchasing equipment for the production of frame houses, you should think about purchasing a forklift. With it, the slab material will be moved to the place of assembly of the structure. So, you should consider in more detail some of the main positions of the equipment.

Using an edger

Due to the installation of this type, it is possible to cut the lumber for the construction of the frame into separate parts of a certain size. The machine has a pneumatic feed and exactly the same clamps. In order for the specialist working with the installation not to suffer, technology such as dual buttons is used. In order for machines for the production of frame houses of this type to start working, you must simultaneously press the start button with both hands. The working area is protected by using a special casing. So that trimming does not interfere with work, a special slope was invented.

Application of the radial saw machine

Through the use of such an installation, it is possible to cut the material at a certain angle. This happens due to the control of a special frame. The saw unit moves on ball bearings.

The machine with which mineral wool is processed

When calculating frame houses, it is necessary to remember about the use of heat-insulating material. To process it, you need to use a band saw machine. It is equipped with a special casing, which rises through the use of manual type flywheels. The lower disc is equipped with special brushes for cleaning.

Cleaning the workplace from debris

In order to get rid of traces of sawdust, you must use a special pump. You can also buy a processing machine that removes debris through a special pipeline. Such equipment usually has fire protection in its composition - special dampers that are located in the return channel. In the event that the temperature is raised to 55 degrees, the fuse will work. It will close the damper and turn off the voltage.

Using an air compressor

Due to the installation, it is possible to provide a technological line with compressed air, which consists of a piston pneumatic compressor. A pipeline is also connected to an installation of this type. It also goes to work machines.

Using the nailing tools

The production line must necessarily be equipped with a hand tool, through which the frame houses are assembled. In this case, we are talking about accessories such as:

Pneumatic guns. Due to their use, the panels are hammered together and the frame is assembled. Also, with the help of such a tool, the outer surface of the walls can be sheathed with special plates.
Screwdrivers. They run on batteries. Necessary for screwing sheathing boards on the inner side of the panels.
Staplers. They should be used in the situation when special insulating material and insulation are fastened.

Conclusion

In this review, as an example, those devices were given that should be included in the production line for the production of frame-type houses. The cost of equipment for organizing such a business, of course, is quite high. However, the payback is at a fairly good level.

With proper and competent activity, an entrepreneur will be able to receive a fairly high profit. Good luck in organizing your company, which will specialize in the production of frame houses.

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Quality and durability. Mounting. Prepared elements of the future house are brought to the construction site and assembled in accordance with the project documentation.
Energy efficiency. Allows you to save more than 30% on heating the house from panels. Buildings can be designed for climatic conditions up to -65 ˚С. According to SNiP II-3-79 "Construction Heat Engineering", the resistance to heat transfer of walls should be, for example, in the Nizhny Novgorod region at least 3.3 m2xg.C / W. The heat transfer resistance of our walls is 4.3 m2xg.C/W, which is 30% more than required.
Fast construction at any time of the year. The production of frame-panel houses provides a 90% degree of factory readiness, reducing the period of installation of a house from panels to several days, and the total construction and turnkey finishing time to several weeks. All components of the house (wall and ceiling panels, roofing elements) are produced in a closed workshop, at a constant temperature and humidity, and are delivered to the construction site packed in protective films. A team of professionals can only assemble the house kit, firmly strengthening the panels between themselves and on the foundation. None of the finished panels require any modification during installation. “Wet” construction processes, inevitable during most construction methods, are completely excluded in panel-frame technology, therefore the construction of a panel-frame house without the slightest loss of quality on a pre-prepared foundation is possible at any time of the year, even at sub-zero temperatures. The smooth surface of the walls also simplifies and reduces the cost of interior and exterior finishing of the house from turnkey panels.
architectural diversity. Panel-frame technology allows you to implement a wide variety of architectural and planning solutions. A classic, compact and functional European house, a solid modern cottage in a rustic style, an exquisite country villa or a stylized noble estate - all this may well be a comfortable and reliable panel-frame house.
Environmental friendliness. The wood of the frame is treated with antiseptics that exclude rotting. Cement particle boards are free from chemicals, adhesives and formaldehyde resins. The plates are vapor-permeable and your house "breathes" thanks to this.
Noise isolation. The airborne sound insulation index reaches 62 dB, which is 12 dB more than the norm.
Fire safety. Our wall panels have the third degree of fire resistance.

Panel-frame houses according to German technology

The plant for the production of frame-panel houses is located in the Nizhny Novgorod region.

Unlike other prefabricated wooden frame technologies (“Canadian” modular), the German panel-frame technology provides for high-tech production.

The production of houses is organized in such a way that the components of a low-rise building (walls, ceilings and other elements) are assembled not by workers at the construction site, but in factory workshops using modern automated equipment controlled by computer programs.

Only such production can guarantee a 2-3-day period for the construction of a comfortable, reliable and high-quality house (without finishing).

The essence of the technology is the construction of a house based on a frame made of jointed timber. The frame inside is filled with modern eco-friendly and energy-efficient insulation. From the side of the room, the frame is closed with a vapor barrier film and a 2-layer inner lining - GSP and GKL. From the outside, a gypsum chipboard is installed, hydrophobized with moisture-repellent impregnations.

There are 2 options for exterior finishes:
1) plaster facade- finishing with mineral plaster and
2) ventilated facade- for finishing with various hinged facade materials at the request of the customer.
Panel-frame construction remains one of the most popular solutions for permanent residences. This is one of the most inexpensive technologies suitable for capital energy-saving construction.

Today it is one of the most demanded technologies for the construction of low-rise buildings in the world. In Russia, it has become popular not only among private developers: in most regions, for the implementation of national housing programs, panel-frame houses are being built - they are optimal in terms of price, quality, construction time and service life.

The manufacture of frame houses has become a very popular technology in recent times in the construction of private and commercial buildings. Due to the availability of raw materials, the use of energy-efficient technologies, the ability to simply make a house and assemble it on the site, this method is in great demand. Learn what frame building kits are selling, how to choose the best one and build your own house.

Frame house: the advantages of technology

Assembling a frame house has advantages over other building construction methods:

The house is being built at a fast pace. Even an inexperienced person can build it in two months.
The technology of a frame house is very simple, so it’s really possible to build it even by yourself.
This is one of the cheapest ways to build a house, as opposed to purchasing a finished home or using other construction options.
At any stage of construction work, you can pause (for example, due to lack of money), and this will not cause the gradual destruction of the entire frame.
You can purchase house kits with a complete set and then construction will become an even easier task.

It is not for nothing that the governments of many countries after natural disasters give the victims frame houses for self-assembly, because this is the fastest and most reliable construction technology.

Construction technology of frame houses

A frame house can be built using one of the following technologies:

Classic. All materials are brought to the site, after which the house is assembled and insulated. They start with the construction of the "skeleton" of the building, and then it is insulated and sheathed with wooden slabs, after which they do the interior decoration.
Shield technology. There is a factory of frame houses, where shield panels are made, which are a finished section of the wall. The shield panel consists of OSB-boards, heaters and insulators. To order a frame house house kit from the factory, just go to the official website of the manufacturer and select the appropriate model. Then, shields will be made at the factory, which the builders will assemble on the site into a finished house.

Shield technology was invented in Germany. Its advantage is that a ready-made frame house is for sale, in which, after assembly, almost nothing needs to be done. First, the foundation is prepared, and then finished panels are brought to this place. It can be sections of walls, roofs, floors.

German buildings are famous for their high quality, precision parts, fast production and subsequent assembly. Thanks to these advantages, the house lasts a very long time and does not require repair at all. From the time of the order to the delivery of the house, it takes up to six months, and a maximum of a month is spent on the entire construction.

Frame houses from the manufacturer

In the best factories, house kits are produced using automated systems. In simpler industries, the assembly of a frame house house kit is carried out manually. But it should be understood that this option is suitable for small simple buildings.

Required Equipment

The larger and more important parts are produced, the more qualified the personnel must be, and the equipment must be more accurate. A frame house set should be produced using modern mechanized and automatic equipment. This is important in order to eliminate errors that are possible during manual labor.

The main thing in the construction of a modern house is the construction load-bearing frame made of rigid structures according to the type of crystal lattice. This makes the whole house very durable and increases its lifespan. For the frame, a selected timber with a given moisture content and exact dimensions is used. In the space between the tree there is a heater (more often it is mineral wool). On both sides it is isolated with a vapor and waterproofing film.

The final part of the wooden frame from the outside and inside - OSB boards. This material is quite moisture resistant, durable, environmentally friendly. After sheathing with this material, the frame house box is ready. Further inside, the wall is sheathed with drywall, finishing plastering, painting, wallpaper are glued, and the house is sheathed with siding, wood and other materials from the outside.

Thanks to such modern technology, the house turns out to be very warm, which allows you to save on energy resources, durable and reliable. The time of its operation can even exceed 100 years.

Benefits of prefab kits

A prefabricated frame house is in many ways much better than on-site construction:

there is no need to buy building materials separately;
the received materials for the frame house are guaranteed to be even, with exact dimensions, since they are harvested at the factory, where there is always a check for defects;
with the involvement of professionals, a house can be built in a very short time.

Frame house kits are good because the materials for their production are carefully prepared, so the house can be assembled very easily on site. And the better the frame is prepared at the factory, the more durable the building will be.

What does the frame house kit include?

Ready-made frame house kits for self-assembly are sets of various components. By assembling the kit on the site, you can get the finished building. The kit comes with documentation and specification, which contains a list of all parts and installation instructions.

Accompanying documentation must include the following:

main House project- drawings, instructions for assembly, list of materials and other documentation;
plans of all structures, communications and other engineering structures;
drawings that indicate how to connect specific elements and where to place them;
estimate - it contains the cost of building a house and the amount of equipment and materials required.

Production of frame house kits

Frame houses are produced in factories in a conveyor way. In order for each element of the house kit to be high-precision, it is necessary to use the most modern equipment. Therefore, such products are produced exclusively in specialized factories, especially if the house is large and with a complex structure.

Among all the options for building frame houses, the “Finnish” and “Canadian” are considered the most successful and in demand. Let's take a closer look at both technologies.

"Canadian" house kit

Canadian house building technology is characterized by the use of SIP panels. They have high rigidity, so there is no need to build a special frame on which they must hold.

To get a SIP panel, two oriented strand boards are glued on the bars, making a frame between them, into which the insulation is placed. Usually, expanded polystyrene is used for these purposes. The optimal thickness of the insulation is 150 mm and above. Thus, the total thickness of the product is more than 170 mm. To make the frame more rigid, a lot of wooden bars are glued inside.

SIP panels are manufactured at the plant with high-tech equipment. Compliance with the drawings is monitored by a computer, so the products are made as accurately as possible. When the panels are cut, cutouts are immediately made for windows and doors.

Wooden bars are installed at the ends of the openings, for which special grooves are used. And so that the panels are easily connected to each other, they are fixed according to the “thorn-groove” principle. Thus, it implies the construction of all structures from panels - external walls, walls, ceilings, floors, roofs, etc.

Separately, it is worth dwelling on the characteristics of SIP panels:

the size of the floor panels is 1250x3200x200 mm;
panel size for external walls - 1250x2500x160 mm;
in special cases, the thickness of the walls may be different;
the sound absorption of the walls is 74 dB;
the maximum axial load for such a wall is 3-4 thousand kg per square meter, and
deflection load - 100-450 kg per sq. m;
the density of the walls is 15-17 m / cu. m;
thermal conductivity - about 0.05 W / m.K.

Additionally, the house is insulated outside and inside with the help of foam plastic of optimal thickness or mineral wool.

The remaining parts are made from coniferous bars of the appropriate size. Wood moldings are delivered dry and planed. Windows are made of plastic or wood. So that wooden parts do not begin to deteriorate under the influence of biological and atmospheric factors, it is necessary to impregnate them with special substances that protect against fire, mold and fungus.

"Finnish" house kit

Finnish technology differs from Canadian technology in that it uses only natural and environmentally friendly materials. All panels are also made of wood, sheathed inside basalt insulation or, and outside - polystyrene foam.

The scheme for the device of frame houses according to the Finnish type is as follows:

OSB panel outside. As a rule, OSB-3 with a thickness of 15 mm is used. This plate is quite rigid, does not collapse under the influence of moisture, and withstands processing well.
. IsoBox-Inside 15 cm thick is usually used. This is one of the most low-toxic materials, which has a high level of heat and sound insulation, and a long service life. Also, basalt insulation does not support combustion.
Vapor barrier membrane. It protects against wind, the effects of water and steam on the insulation and walls, and prevents the accumulation of condensate on and inside the walls.
Inner plate. This is a construction made of gypsum and wood shavings, the thickness of which is 10 mm. 85% of the plate is gypsum, and 15% is shavings.
Frame stand. It is made from a dried planed board measuring 45x145 mm. Racks are installed every 50 cm, connecting the outer and inner panels with them to make the structure more rigid.
End bar. They are sheathed with panels around the perimeter. At the places of future windows and doors, bars are also installed at the ends to secure adjacent parts to them.

To make the house even warmer and prevent freezing, the outer walls are often sheathed with PSB-25F expanded polystyrene, which is then covered with decorative plaster for facades. Very important make a space for ventilation between this facade layer and the insulation. Therefore, a vertical crate is stuffed, which creates this gap.

The internal partition panels have a similar structure, except for the presence of a vapor barrier. There is also a smaller layer of insulation - 10 cm. The plinth panels are sheathed on both sides with cement chipboard, the thickness of which is 16 mm. It does not support combustion, is environmentally friendly, has excellent soundproofing and strength properties. The insulation layer in the basement panels is 200 mm.

The floor panels also use cement-bonded particle board, the thickness of which is 20 mm. Insulation here is two times less - a 100-mm layer.

The most complex structure of the roof panels:

inner slab 10 mm thick made of gypsum and shavings;
vapor barrier layer;
powerful wooden rafters;
wooden crate from a bar;
a layer of 200 mm basalt insulation;
waterproofing layer;
counter-lattice (a beam of 40x40 mm is used);
roof.

The above elements are completely manufactured industrially according to precise drawings. Finnish technology is also different in that the panels are fastened together not with glue, but with staples and galvanized nails. Also, the finished panels already have a hydro and vapor barrier layer, and the wooden parts are pre-impregnated with protective compounds.

Self-assembly of house kits

If the frame house kit is not large-panel, you can even assemble it yourself, following the instructions. Although it will be longer in time, it will take less money to implement the project. Many factories sell special do-it-yourself kits.

Typically, these kits include the following:

Beam of the lower strapping. This structural element contains many grooves for installing horizontal and vertical elements of the tenon-groove type.
Beam of the upper strapping. A similar part into which components are fixed, but only at the top.
Beam of vertical strapping with thorn-groove locks.
Lags for ceilings at the top and bottom.
Rafter.
Wood for the production of panels, which is harvested to the exact size specified in the specifications. There are panels both with a heater installed inside and without it.
Wood for floor cladding at the bottom and top.
Roof framing.
fasteners.
Documents, plans, project, drawings, fastener diagrams, assembly instructions and other documentation.

In order to clearly understand which part relates to what, each element must have the appropriate marking. Details are also supplied with specifications indicating the location of each element.

It is the developer who determines what materials will be used for flooring, ceilings, roofing of the building and finishing the house outside and inside.

The construction of houses with the help of house kits also has limitations:

longer working life;
high complexity of assembly;
the dependence of construction on the weather.

Among the advantages are the low cost of construction. Most home kits can be assembled independently without involving a construction team.

How to choose a house kit

When choosing a house kit for yourself and the materials from which it will be made, you need to consider the following factors:

Climatic conditions in which the house will be built. The more severe conditions the building is operated in, the thicker the walls and the insulation layer should be. In areas with high humidity, more reinforced waterproofing is made.
seismic activity. In areas where it is increased, they make a more durable foundation structure and fix the walls in a special way.
The type of soil determines what the foundation will be.
Depth of groundwater flow. The method of arranging basements, the features of the construction of foundations, the complexity of the drainage system and waterproofing depend on this.
Design requirements. They determine the appearance of the building, the choice of materials for finishing the house, the internal arrangement of the walls.
People's reviews. It is worth considering the experience of residents who live in the neighborhood and give certain recommendations for the construction of frame houses.
Personal building skills If a self-assembly kit is purchased, it is better for inexperienced people to choose simpler projects so that it is realistic to build them themselves.

Usually, all house kits can be divided into four types, depending on the configuration:

Low budget. The kit includes only elements for the main frame, which are fixed with tongue-and-groove locks. The lumber is air-dried, the molding has clear dimensions. The kit does not include insulation and finishing materials.
Economy The kit includes the necessary parts for assembling the house, as well as shields with insulation. For floors, a beam is used, and a wooden frame is assembled from shields. The walls are delivered without cladding and insulation. There are also no materials for finishing the house inside and out.
Standard. The kit includes all elements for the construction of the building and finishing materials.
Suite. Included all modular parts. Overlappings are made of panels with filling. All designs have increased protection against moisture and greater rigidity. The finished house kit also includes all communications.

The specified configurations are not final and can be combined with each other.

Depending on the type of panels, frame houses are of the following types:

Small-panel- even the largest parts of the house kit are so light and small that they can be lifted and fixed manually. For the construction of such a house, a team of 2-3 people is enough.
Large-panel- the house consists of large blocks, so it is quickly assembled. But on the site it is necessary to use a crane and a large construction team.

As soon as you decide which house kit to buy, it is advisable to visit the manufacturer, consult with specialists, resolve the issue of delivering the elements to the site and decide on the project of the house.

Where to order a frame house kit

In almost all regions of the country there are enterprises that provide services for the construction of frame houses. To choose a specific manufacturer, you need to consider several factors:

How far is the plant from the construction site. The further it is, the more expensive the delivery of the house kit will cost.
What house kits does the company produce.
The quality of the materials used in production.
The quality and level of equipment in the workshops.
Used modern technologies at the plant.
Availability of project documentation.
Does the manufacturer provide a guarantee to the customer and for what exactly?
Does the manufacturer provide a mobile team to install the house on site.
The cost of the house kit and services for its construction.

Home kits at the price may differ in different regions. This is due to several factors:

volumes of imported raw materials;
availability of raw materials of own production used in the production of house kits;
implementation of own technological developments in production.

If you take average prices for a house set, then they are as follows:

low-budget project - 2-4 thousand rubles per square meter;
economy - 4.5-7 thousand rubles;
standard - 7.5-12 thousand rubles;
luxury - 13.5-28 thousand rubles, respectively.

If individual changes are made to the project, the cost of construction can increase by a quarter. When calling an additional team from the factory, the cost will increase by 30%.

Step-by-step algorithm for self-construction of a house kit

When placing an order for the production of a house kit, you need to take a copy of the drawings for yourself in order to understand how to make the foundation and where the outer perimeter of the building will pass.

Stages of building a house from a house kit

The construction of a classic frame house from a house kit consists of several stages:

Foundation construction. Frame houses are considered light, so they do not need a strong foundation. Columnar, pile and shallow tape structures are usually used. It is necessary to strictly observe the drawings in the production of foundations, make sure that they have a strict horizontal surface. They also check the compliance of all corners with the drawings and the parallelism of the walls. In the production of foundations, they determine where to make openings for access to communications, make waterproofing.
Organization of home storage. A frame house is not built in one week, so it is necessary to organize a place where its elements will be stored. You need a level ground. Each detail should be free approach. It is important to fold the rafters vertically so that they do not bend.
Home installation. As soon as the foundation is completely ready, they begin to build the house itself. For this, elements from the house kit are used. All joints are sealed with jute insulation or polyurethane foam.

House assembly technology

The assembly of the panels of the frame house house kit is carried out strictly in the following order.

Installation of floor panels. For additional waterproofing, they are lubricated with mastics. The thorn-groove lock is blown out with mounting foam. Used to fasten panels anodized self-tapping screws. To ensure higher rigidity, strapping bars are used at the ends of the panels.

Installation of the lower strapping beam. When installing it, it is important to observe the exact markup. The beam is fixed in the floor with self-tapping screws with a fastening step of 40 cm. Also, with a step of 1 m, holes are made through the beam, flooring and foundation, into which anchor bolts are inserted. The structure is tightened and fixed.

Installation of wall panels. The corner panel is fixed first, erecting it vertically strictly along the body kit. The structure is installed on the strapping beam. Then put the second corner panel. The joint between them is sealed, the panels themselves are fixed to each other with self-tapping screws, and both structures are tied to the bottom trim. Further, with the rest of the panels, they act similarly.

Installation of panel walls inside. The principle of their installation is similar to external structures. On the one hand, the partitions are fixed to the outer wall, on the other hand, to similar partitions using brackets and plates.

Floor beams. If there is a second floor, you will need to install floor beams to enhance the rigidity and strength of the structure. For their production it is better to use profiled timber. The beams are installed using perforated plates.

Ceiling installation. For its installation, the same principles are used as for flooring. In order for the structure to have optimal rigidity, it is installed on floor beams.

Installation of front panels. So that the ends of the ceiling do not look out, it is sheathed on the outside with a beam. Then the strapping bars are installed, the joints are sealed and the gable panels are attached to the strapping bar.

Installation of a ridge beam. This element of the frame house kit is fixed on the gable panels. For installation, metal perforated plates are used.

Intermediate support beams. They are built directly into the gable panel. The beams run parallel to the ridge. This structural element is necessary to avoid deflection of the roof panels. Both ridge timber and beams are used as a load-bearing element of the roof.

Installation of roof panels. After installing the gable panels, their ends are sewn up with special beams, after which the roof panels are installed and their joints are sealed. Self-tapping screws and glue are used to fix panels with ridge beams and support beams.

After that, the frame house is considered fully assembled. It does not shrink, serves for a long time due to the perfect accuracy of all parts and high-quality assembly.