TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CHART (TTK)

THERMAL INSULATION OF THE FACADE OF THE BUILDING WITH MINERAL COTTON PLATES "ROCKWOOL FACADE BATTS D"

I. SCOPE

I. SCOPE

1.1. A typical technological map (hereinafter referred to as TTK) is a comprehensive organizational and technological document developed on the basis of methods of scientific organization of labor for the implementation of a technological process and determining the composition of production operations using the most modern means of mechanization and methods for performing work according to a specific given technology. TTK is intended for use in the development of the Project for the Production of Works (PPR) by construction departments and is its integral part in accordance with MDS 12-81.2007.

Fig.1. Wall insulation scheme

1 - insulated brick wall; 2 - insulation plate; 3 - dowel plate type; 4 - base plaster layer; 5 - reinforcing fiberglass mesh; 6 - primer layer; 7 - finishing plaster; 8 - base rail with special dowels

1.2. This TTC provides instructions on the organization and technology of work on the thermal insulation of the facade of the building of the MVP "ROCKWOOL FACADE BATTS D", determines the composition of production operations, requirements for quality control and acceptance of work, planned labor intensity of work, labor, production and material resources, measures for industrial safety and labor protection.

1.3. The regulatory framework for the development of technological maps are:

- standard drawings;

- building codes and regulations (SNiP, SN, SP);

- factory instructions and specifications (TU);

- norms and prices for construction and installation works (GESN-2001 ENiR);

- production norms for the consumption of materials (NPRM);

- local progressive norms and prices, labor costs norms, material and technical resources consumption norms.

1.4. The purpose of the creation of the TC is to describe the solutions for the organization and technology of work on the thermal insulation of the facade of the building of the MVP "ROCKWOOL FACADE BATTS D", time in order to ensure their high quality, as well as:

- cost reduction of works;

- reduction of construction time;

- ensuring the safety of work performed;

- organization of rhythmic work;

- rational use of labor resources and machines;

- unification of technological solutions.

1.5. On the basis of the TTC, as part of the PPR (as mandatory components of the Work Execution Project), Working Flow Charts (RTC) are developed for the performance of certain types of work on the thermal insulation of the facade of the MVP "ROCKWOOL FACADE BATTS D" building.

The design features of their implementation are decided in each case by the Working Design. The composition and level of detail of materials developed in the RTC are established by the relevant contracting construction organization, based on the specifics and scope of work performed.

RTK are considered and approved as part of the PPR by the head of the General Contractor Construction Organization.

1.6. TTK can be tied to a specific object and construction conditions. This process consists in clarifying the scope of work, means of mechanization, the need for labor and material and technical resources.

The procedure for linking the TTK to local conditions:

- consideration of map materials and selection of the desired option;

- verification of the compliance of the initial data (volumes of work, time standards, brands and types of mechanisms, building materials used, composition of the worker link) to the accepted option;

- adjustment of the scope of work in accordance with the chosen option for the production of work and a specific design solution;

- recalculation of costing, technical and economic indicators, the need for machines, mechanisms, tools and material and technical resources in relation to the chosen option;

- design of the graphic part with a specific binding of mechanisms, equipment and fixtures in accordance with their actual dimensions.

1.7. A typical flow chart has been developed for engineering and technical workers (foremen, foremen, foremen) and workers performing work in the III temperature zone, in order to familiarize (train) them with the rules for performing work on the thermal insulation of the facade of the MVP "ROCKWOOL FACADE BATTS D" building ", using the most modern means of mechanization, progressive designs and materials, methods of performing work.

The technological map has been developed for the following scopes of work:

II. GENERAL PROVISIONS

2.1. The technological map was developed for a complex of works on thermal insulation of the facade of the IVP building "ROCKWOOL FACADE BATTS D".

2.2. Works on thermal insulation of the facade of the building of the MVP "ROCKWOOL FACADE BATTS D" are carried out in one shift, the duration of working hours during the shift is:

Where - the duration of the work shift without a lunch break;

Coefficient of output reduction;

- conversion factor.

In calculating the norms of time and duration of work, a one-shift mode of operation was adopted with a working shift of 10 hours with a five-day working week. The net working time during the shift is taken, taking into account the coefficient of output reduction due to the increase in the duration of the shift compared to the 8-hour working shift, equal to 0,05 and conversion factor 1,25 total time for a 5-day working week ("Methodological recommendations for the organization of the rotational method of work in construction, M-2007").

where - preparatory and final time, 0.24 hours, incl.

Breaks related to the organization and technology of the process include the following breaks:

Getting the job at the beginning of the shift and handing over the work at the end 10 min=0.16 hour.

Preparation of the workplace, tools, etc. 5 min=0.08 hour.

2.3. The scope of work performed during the thermal insulation of the facade of the building of the MVP "ROCKWOOL FACADE BATTS D" includes:

- geodetic marking of the facade of the building;

- preparation of the building base;

- priming the base of the facade with an adhesive primer;

- installation of a basement ebb;

- installation of ebb window block;

- installation of external side frames of the window block;

- installation of a socle profile for installation of a heater;

- gluing heat-insulating plates to the base of the facade;

- mechanical fastening of heat-insulating plates to the facade;

- installation of reinforcing elements and profiles;

- creation of a protective reinforced plaster layer;

- anti-vandal protection measures;

- priming of the protective reinforced layer;

- application of a protective and decorative layer of facade plaster;

- priming of the decorative layer;

- Painting walls and slopes of the facade with acrylic paint.

2.4. For thermal insulation of the facade of the building, the following materials are used as the main materials: cement-lime mortar С22 (СЦС) according to GOST 7473-2010; deep penetrating primer "Weber.Рrim Contact"; adhesive composition "Weber.therm S 100"; reinforcing fiberglass mesh alkali-resistant (cell 5x5, 160 g/m); mineral wool boards ROCKWOOL Facade Butts D (size 1200x500x150 mm); primer acrylic tinting Weber.Pas UNI; silicate-silicone plaster Weber.Pas Extra Clean; acrylic facade paint Weber.Ton Akrylat; acrylic frost-resistant sealant MAKROFLEX FA131; sloping metal panels; aluminum plinth profile AL-150 (150x0.8x2500 mm); polyurethane foam MAKROFLEX; plate-type polymer anchor with a drive-in element (8/60x165 mm); PVC corner (20x20 mm) with fiberglass mesh (100x150 mm); PVC corner with dripper MAT D/05; PVC corner adjoining window, self-adhesive with reinforcing fiberglass mesh.

2.5. The technological map provides for the performance of work by an integrated mechanized unit consisting of: perforator RH2551 "STURM" (weight 2.8 kg, power 500 W, drilling 20 mm); drill driver Metabo Se 2800 (power 400 W); forced mortar mixer SO-46B (power 1.5 kW, loading volume 80 l); electric hand mixer ZMR-1350E-2 (weight 6.3 kg, power 1.35 kW); membrane spray gun electric Wagner DP-6830 (weight 30 kg, power 1.5 kW); Vacuum cleaner Karcher NT 14/1 and diesel power plant Atlas Copco QAS 125 (maximum power 111 kW) as a driving mechanism.

Fig.2. Diesel power plant Atlas Copco QAS 125

Fig.3. Airbrush Wagner DP-6830

Fig.4. Mortar mixer SO-46B

Fig.5. Perforator RH2551 "STURM"

Fig.6. Drill driver Metabo Se 2800

Fig.7. Hand mixer ZMR-1350E-2

Fig.8. Vacuum cleaner Karcher NT 14/1

2.6. Work on the installation of an insulated facade should be carried out, guided by the requirements of the following regulatory documents:

- SP 48.13330.2011. "SNiP 12-01-2004 Organization of construction. Updated edition";

- SNiP 3.01.03-84. Geodetic works in construction;

- Manual to SNiP 3.01.03-84. Production of geodetic works in construction;

- SNiP 3.03.01-87. Bearing and enclosing structures;

- SNiP 3.04.01-87. Insulating and finishing coatings;

- SNiP 3.04.03-85. Protection of building structures against corrosion;

- STO NOSTROY 2.33.14-2011. Organization of construction production. General provisions;

- STO NOSTROY 2.33.51-2011. Organization of construction production. Preparation and production of construction and installation works;

- STO NOSTROY 2.14.7-2011. Facade heat-insulating composite systems with external plaster layers. Rules for the production of works. Requirements for the results and the system for monitoring the work performed;

- SNiP 12-03-2001. Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements;

- SNiP 12-04-2002. Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production;

- PB 10-14-92*. Rules for the construction and safe operation of cranes;
________________
* PB 10-14-92 are not valid. Instead, the Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety of November 12, 2013 N 533 apply hereinafter. - Database manufacturer's note.

- VSN 274-88. Safety regulations for the operation of self-propelled jib cranes;

- RD 11-02-2006. Requirements for the composition and procedure for maintaining as-built documentation during construction, reconstruction, overhaul of capital construction facilities and the requirements for certificates of examination of work, structures, sections of engineering and technical support networks;

- RD 11-05-2007. The procedure for maintaining a general and (or) special journal for recording the performance of work during construction, reconstruction, overhaul of capital construction projects.

III. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

3.1. In accordance with SP 48.13330.2001 "SNiP 12-01-2004. Organization of construction. Updated edition" prior to the commencement of construction and installation works at the facility, the Contractor is obliged to obtain from the Customer, in the prescribed manner, project documentation and permission to perform construction and installation works. Work without permission is prohibited.

3.2. Prior to the start of work on the installation of thermal insulation of the facade of the building, it is necessary to carry out a set of organizational and technical measures, including:

- develop RTK or PPR for thermal insulation of the facade of the building;

- appoint persons responsible for the safe performance of work, as well as their control and quality of performance;

- briefing the members of the safety team;

- establish temporary inventory household premises for storing building materials, tools, inventory, heating workers, eating, drying and storing work clothes, bathrooms, etc.;

- provide the site with working documentation approved for the production of work;

- prepare machines, mechanisms and equipment for the production of work and deliver them to the facility;

- provide workers with manual machines, tools and personal protective equipment;

- provide the construction site with fire-fighting equipment and signaling equipment;

- prepare places for storing building materials, products and structures;

- fence the construction site and put up warning signs illuminated at night;

- provide communication for operational and dispatching control of the production of works;

- deliver to the work area the necessary materials, fixtures, inventory, tools and means for the safe performance of work;

- check quality certificates, passports for reinforcing steel, lumber, plywood;

- to test construction machines, means of mechanization of work and equipment according to the nomenclature provided for by the RTK or PPR;

- draw up an act of readiness of the object for the production of work;

- obtain permission from the technical supervision of the Customer to start work (clause 4.1.3.2 of RD 08-296-99*).
________________
* RD 08-296-99 is not valid. - Database manufacturer's note.


3.4. Prior to the start of work on the installation of insulation of the facade of the building, the preparatory work provided for by the TTC must be completed, including:

- accepted from the customer facade for finishing;

- roofing, cornice overhangs and canopies over the entrances were installed;

- installation of window and door blocks is completed;

- completed work on the installation of all floor structures, balconies and loggias;

- installed, tested for strength and accepted by the commission scaffolding mounted facade lift;

- around the building the blind area is made;

- installed all the fastenings of drainpipes and fire escapes;

- Passages for pedestrians are fenced.

3.4.1. For the installation of insulation, the facade of the building is transferred by the General Contractor / Customer to the Subcontractor Construction Organization, according to the Acceptance and Transfer Certificate of the facade for finishing, in accordance with Appendix A, STO NOSTROY 2.14.7-2011.

3.4.2. The technology of work on the installation of roofing, window and door blocks, the performance of internal finishing works are considered in separate technological maps.

3.4.3. Geodetic marking of the facade of the building (vertical and horizontal axes under the structure) is carried out by a link of surveyors in the following sequence:

- checking the geometric parameters of buildings for compliance with their design values;

- drawing up a three-dimensional digital model of facades in the 3D AutoCAD environment;

- marking of horizontal and vertical axes of fastening of facade cladding structures;

- drawing up an executive drawing on the vertical planes of the building;

- drawing markup marks on the drawing of the facade of the building.

3.4.4. The work performed must be presented to the representative of the Customer's technical supervision for inspection and documentation by signing the Certificate of breakdown of the axes of the capital construction object on the ground in accordance with Appendix 2, RD 11-02-2006 and obtain permission to work on the installation of facade wall insulation.

3.4.5. The act of laying out the axes must be accompanied by an Executive scheme for setting out (laying out) the horizontal and vertical axes of fastening of the facade cladding structures in the accepted system of coordinates and heights.

3.4.6. The completion of the preparatory work is recorded in the General Work Log (The recommended form is given in RD 11-05-2007) and must be accepted according to the Act on the implementation of labor safety measures, drawn up in accordance with Appendix I, SNiP 12-03-2001.

3.5. Preparation of the building base

3.5.1. Surfaces before cladding must be cleaned of mortar, dirt and concrete, the plinth - from construction debris. Separate irregularities of more than 15 mm, as well as general deviations of the surface to be lined from the vertical of more than 15 mm, must be corrected by cutting down the bulges on the surface and applying a leveling layer of cement mortar, which is applied without smoothing and grouting. At the end of the leveling, the surfaces are checked for the building level, plumb line and rule. All cracks are cut and rubbed with cement-sand mortar.

3.5.2. Next, mechanized cleaning of wall surfaces contaminated with greases, oils and anti-adhesive agents is carried out using water, with the addition of detergents using industrial vacuum cleaner for dry and wet cleaning Karcher NT14/1 Eco Te Advanced.

3.5.3. The marking of the surface of the facade of the building is carried out in the following sequence:

- the verticality of the wall is checked with a plumb line along the flat part after 2-3 m, as well as at the break points of the facade;

- the position of the horizontal seams of the cladding is marked with paint along the cord or slats are installed - orders;

- the outer surface of the cladding is marked with a horizontal cord at the height of its first row;

- after hanging the wall, it is marked out for making holes for anchors.

3.5.4. Drilling holes with a diameter of 8 mm for dowels using a manual perforator RH2551 "STURM" . Holes are cleaned from drilling waste (dust) by blowing with compressed air or washing with water under pressure.

3.5.5. Driving screws 45 mm long with a manual drill driver Metabo Se 2800.

3.5.6. Leveling screw heads.

3.5.7. Installing plastic fasteners on screws.

3.5.8. Installation in fastenings of metal beacons.

3.5.9. Stretching the cord between the beacons.

Fig.9. Scheme for installing beacons for marking the wall

3.6. Priming the base of the facade with an adhesive primer

3.6.1. Preparation of cement-lime mortar in forced mortar mixer SO-46B.

3.6.2. Sealing of local damages and cracks of the surface of the facade, leveling of individual places with lime-cement mortar.

3.6.3. Preparation of the primer by mixing manual electric mixer ZMR-1350E-2.

3.6.4. Base processing deep penetration primer "Weber.prim contact" to eliminate the leakage of the surface of the walls.

3.6.5. Rust removal and treatment with an anti-corrosion primer for metal parts covered with a thermal insulation system.

3.6.6. The completed work on the priming of the facade must be presented to the representative of the technical supervision of the Customer for inspection, and documenting by signing the Certificate of Inspection of Hidden Works, in accordance with Appendix 3, RD 11-02-2006.

3.7. Installation of steel, galvanized, socle flashing

3.7.1. Drilling holes with a diameter of 8 mm for the support brackets using a manual perforator RH2551 "STURM"

3.7.2. Fastening of support brackets to the slope with fiberglass dowels at a distance of 50 mm from the edge of the slope.

3.7.3. Installation of a plaster screed with a hydraulic tape with a slope from the wall of the building.

3.7.4. Mounting plinth flashing with powder coating according to RAL on the support brackets.

3.7.5. Fastening the ebb with dowel-nails using washers to the wall through a thermal break, inserting them into the prepared hole and knocking them out with a mounting hammer.

3.7.6. Establishment of overlays along the edges of the ebb, preventing the flow of water on the sides of the ebb.

3.7.7. The completed work on the installation of the basement ebb must be presented to the representative of the technical supervision of the Customer for inspection, and documenting by signing the Certificate of Inspection of Critical Structures, in accordance with Appendix 4, RD 11-02-2006.

Fig.10. Scheme of installation of a basement ebb

1 - basement ebb; 2 - base; 3 - polyurethane foam; 4 - sealant, sealant; 5 - house wall

3.8. Installation of a steel, galvanized window frame

3.8.1. Drilling holes with a diameter of 8 mm for the support brackets using a manual perforator RH2551 "STURM" . Holes are cleaned from drilling waste (dust) by blowing with compressed air or washing with water under pressure.

3.8.2. Fastening of support brackets to the slope with fiberglass dowels at a distance of 50 mm from the edge of the slope.

3.8.3. Laying a plaster screed with a hydraulic tape with a slope from the wall of the building.

3.8.4. Preliminary measurement of the width and depth of the opening.

3.8.5. Cut the ebb to a certain size using electric jigsaw Bosch PST 900 PEL.

3.8.6. Mounting the tide on the support brackets.

3.8.7. Fixing the tide to the window frame exactly along the edge with a step of 15 cm, with flat-head self-tapping screws using manual drill driver Metabo Se 2800 . Screw the self-tapping screws exactly into the center of the profile without tilting, visually controlling the fit of the corner to the frame, and close the cap with a decorative cap.

3.8.8. Establishment of overlays along the edges of the ebb, preventing the flow of water on the sides of the ebb.

3.8.9. Lubrication of the lower joint of the ebb with the wall with liquid sealant.

3.8.10. The completed work on the installation of window sills must be presented to the representative of the technical supervision of the Customer for inspection and documentation by signing the Certificate of Inspection of Critical Structures, in accordance with Appendix 4, RD 11-02-2006.

Fig.11. Scheme of installation of the ebb with a bracket on a cement screed

1 - casting pad; 2 - window tide; 3 - support bracket; 4 - window box; 5 - galvanized screw; 6 - window sill; 7 - polyurethane foam; 8 - cement mortar; 9 - dowel; 10 - house wall

3.9. Installation of external steel, galvanized side frames of the window unit with powder coating according to RAL

3.9.1. Clearing the gaps between the installed PVC window unit and the wall, removing brown dry mounting foam.

3.9.2. Filling the gaps with acrylic sealant and leveling it with a spatula flush with the slope using foam gun "STANDARD" .

3.9.3. Preliminary measurement of the height (), width () and depth () of the opening.

3.9.4. Cutting sloping corners according to certain sizes (-2 pcs., - 1 pc.) using electric jigsaw Bosch PST 900 PEL .

3.9.5. Drilling holes in the wall of the opening 6 mm, 50 mm, two on top and two on the sides, at an angle and at a distance of 30 mm from the edge of the wall using a manual perforator RH2551 "STURM" .

3.9.6. Driving into the holes of plastic dowels.

3.9.7. Application of mounting adhesive to the reverse side of the sloping corners (panels).

3.9.8. Installation of the upper corner with size B, close to the upper quarter (the narrow shelf of the profile should face the windows, the wide one should face the wall of the opening).

3.9.9. Fastening the upper corner to the wall with dowels, and to the window frame exactly along the edge with a step of 15 cm with flat-head self-tapping screws using manual drill driver Metabo Se 2800 . Screw the screws exactly into the center of the profile without tilting, visually controlling the fit of the corner to the frame, and close the cap with a decorative cap and self-tapping screws.

3.9.10. Filling the gap between the corner and the slope with acrylic sealant, followed by leveling it with a spatula flush with the slope.

3.9.11. Cutting the lower ends of the side corners (panels) at an angle of inclination of the ebb.

3.9.12. By fastening the side corners to the window frame exactly along the edge with a step of 15 cm, using self-tapping screws with a flat head (screw the self-tapping screws exactly into the center of the profile without tilting, visually controlling the tightness of the corner to the frame), close the head with a decorative cap and self-tapping screws to the wall in dowels.

3.9.13. Lubrication of the upper joints of the corners with the wall and the lower joints of the corners with a low tide with liquid sealant.

3.9.14. The completed work on the installation of side window frames must be presented to the Customer's technical supervision representative for inspection and documentation by signing the Certificate of Inspection of Critical Structures, in accordance with Appendix 4, RD 11-02-2006.

Fig.12. Scheme of installation of window frames

3.10. Installation of a basement profile for the installation of insulation

3.10.1. Fixing the aluminum plinth profile AL150 to the base of the facade with dowels at a height of 0.40 m strictly horizontally, ensuring its tight connection to the base of the facade, using special washers of appropriate thickness, leaving a gap between adjacent profiles of 2-3 mm for joining with plastic connecting elements. The distance between the dowels during installation should not exceed 300 mm.

3.10.2. Connecting the base profile with connecting elements. It is forbidden to connect the plinth profile when installing with an overlap.

3.10.3. Installation of compensators for leveling the base profile in the plane. In places where the plinth profile is attached, it is necessary to ensure its tight connection to the base of the facade, using special washers of appropriate thickness.

3.10.4. Formation of a basement profile at the corners of the facade of the building by means of two oblique cuts of the protruding horizontal profile and its subsequent bend.

Fig.13. Installation diagram of the base profile with connecting elements

3.10.5. Stabilization of the profile crate with fiberglass with a width of at least 0.3 m by gluing it to the wall with glue "Weber.therm S 100" with access to the basement profile.

Fig.14. Stabilization of the plinth profile with fiberglass

The walls of houses built of bricks, various wall blocks, and even more so - representing a reinforced concrete structure, in most cases do not meet the requirements for regulatory thermal insulation. In a word, such houses need additional insulation to prevent significant heat loss through the building envelope.

There are many different approaches to . But if the owners prefer the exterior finish of their house, made of decorative plaster, in a “pure” form or with the use of facade paints, then the wet facade insulation technology becomes the best choice. In this publication, it will be considered how difficult such work is, what is required to carry it out, and how all this can be done on our own.

What is meant by "wet facade" insulation system?

First of all, it is necessary to understand the terminology - what is the “wet facade” technology, and how does it differ from, say, ordinary wall cladding with insulating materials with further decorative wall paneling (siding, block house, etc.)

The clue lies in the name itself - all stages of work are carried out using building compounds and solutions that are diluted with water. The final stage is the plastering of already insulated walls, so that the thermally insulated walls become completely indistinguishable from ordinary ones covered with decorative plaster. As a result, two most important tasks are solved at once - ensuring reliable insulation of wall structures and high-quality facade design.

An approximate scheme of insulation using the "wet facade" technology is shown in the figure:

1 - insulated facade wall of the building.

2 - a layer of building adhesive mixture.

3 - insulation boards of synthetic (of one type or another) or mineral (basalt wool) origin.

4 - additional mechanical fastening of the thermal insulation layer - dowel-"fungus".

5 - protective and leveling plaster layer, reinforced with mesh (pos. 6).

Such a system of complete thermal insulation and facade finishing has a number of significant advantages:

• It does not require a very material-intensive installation of a frame structure.
• The system is quite easy. And it can be successfully used on most facade walls.
• The frameless system predetermines the almost complete absence of "cold bridges" - the insulation layer turns out to be monolithic over the entire surface of the facade.
• Facade walls receive, in addition to insulation, an excellent soundproof barrier, which helps to reduce both airborne and impact noise.
• With the correct calculation of the insulation layer, the “dew point” is completely removed from the wall structure and taken out. It excludes the possibility of wetting the wall and the appearance of colonies of mold or fungus in it.
• The outer plaster layer is characterized by good resistance to mechanical stress, to atmospheric action.
• In principle, the technology is simple, and with strict adherence to the rules, any homeowner can handle it.

• With high-quality performance of work, such an insulated facade will not require repairs for at least 20 years. However, if there is a desire to update the finish, then this can be easily done without violating the integrity of the thermal insulation structure.

The disadvantages of this method of insulation include:

• Seasonality of work - they can only be carried out at positive (at least + 5 ° C) temperatures, and in stable good weather. It is undesirable to carry out work in windy weather, at too high (over + 30 ° C) air temperatures, on the sunny side without providing protection from direct rays.
• Increased demands on the high quality of materials, and on the exact observance of technological recommendations. Violation of the rules makes the system very vulnerable to cracking or even detachment of large fragments of insulation and trim.

As a heater, as already mentioned, mineral wool or expanded polystyrene can be used. Both materials have their advantages and disadvantages, but still, for a “wet facade”, high-quality mineral wool looks preferable. With approximately equal values ​​​​of thermal conductivity, mineral wool has a significant advantage - vapor permeability. Excess free moisture will find its way out of the premises through the wall structure and evaporate into the atmosphere. It is more difficult with expanded polystyrene - its vapor permeability is low, and in some types it generally tends to zero. Thus, the accumulation of moisture between the wall material and the insulation layer is not excluded. This is not good in itself, but at abnormally low winter temperatures, cracking and even “shooting off” of large areas of insulation along with finishing layers occur.

There are special topics for expanded polystyrene - with a perforated structure, in which this issue is resolved to a certain extent. But basalt wool has another important advantage - absolute incombustibility, which polystyrene foam cannot boast of in any way. And for facade walls, this is a serious issue. And in this article, the best option will be considered - the “wet facade” insulation technology using mineral wool.

How to choose a heater?

Which mineral wool is suitable for a "wet facade"?

As is already clear from the “wet facade” concept diagram, the insulation must, on one side, be mounted on an adhesive solution, and on the other, it must withstand a considerable load of the plaster layer. Thus, thermal insulation boards must meet certain requirements in terms of density, in terms of the ability to withstand loads - both for crushing (compression) and for breaking their fiber structure (stratification).

Naturally, not any insulation that belongs to the category of mineral wool is suitable for these purposes. Glass wool and slag wool are completely excluded. Only slabs of basalt fibers produced using a special technology are applicable - with increased rigidity and density of the material.

Leading manufacturers of insulation based on basalt fibers in their product line provide for the production of boards specially designed for thermal insulation of walls with subsequent finishing with plaster, that is, for a “wet facade”. The characteristics of several of the most popular types are shown in the table below:

Experimenting with lighter and cheaper types of basalt wool is not worth it, since such a “wet facade” will probably not last long.

How to determine the required thickness of insulation?

As can be seen from the table, manufacturers offer a wide range of insulation thicknesses for the "wet facade", from 25 to 200 mm, usually in 10 mm increments.

What thickness to choose? This is by no means an idle question, since the “wet facade” system being created should provide high-quality thermal insulation of the walls. At the same time, excessive thickness is an extra cost, and in addition, excessive insulation can even be harmful in terms of maintaining an optimal temperature and humidity balance.

Usually, specialists calculate the optimal thickness of insulation. But it is quite possible to do this yourself, using the calculation algorithm presented below.

So, the insulated wall must have a total resistance to heat transfer not lower than the standard value determined for the given region. This parameter is tabular, it is in the directories, it is known in local construction companies, and in addition, for convenience, you can use the map below.

A wall is a multilayer structure, each layer of which has its own thermophysical characteristics. If the thickness and material of each layer, already existing or planned (the wall itself, interior and exterior finishes, etc.), is known, then it is easy to calculate their total resistance, compare it with the standard value in order to get the difference that needs to be “covered” by additional thermal insulation.

It will not bore the reader with formulas, but we will immediately suggest using a calculation calculator that will quickly and with a minimum error calculate the required thickness of insulation with basalt wool intended for facade work.

Calculator for calculating the thickness of the insulation of the "wet facade" system

The calculation is carried out in the following sequence:

• Determine the normalized value of heat transfer resistance for walls from the map-scheme for your region (purple numbers).
• Specify the material of the wall itself and its thickness.
• Decide on the thickness and material of the interior walls.

The thickness of the external plaster finish of the walls is already taken into account in the calculator, and it will not be required to make it.

• Enter the requested values ​​and get the result. It can be rounded up to the standard thickness of manufactured insulation boards.

If a negative value is suddenly obtained, wall insulation is not required.

Technological map for the Penoplex insulation device

Scope of the technological map for penoplex

The technical map was developed for a roof with a slope of less than 10% in relation to the workshop of a one-story industrial building, the overall scheme of which is 72x24 m.

The composition of the work under consideration includes the laying of insulation boards on bitumen.

Organization and technology of the construction process

Before starting work on the thermal insulation device, the work on laying the profiled sheet must be completed.

For the device of thermal insulation, extruded polystyrene foam material "Penoplex" is used, laid on bitumen BN-90/10 GOST 6617-76. Plates Penoplex are certified in the systems of GOST R of the State Standard of Russia and Mosstroycertification and are approved for use as a heat and sound insulating material by the Sanitary and Epidemiological Conclusion of the Center for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision.

Plates "Penoplex" are delivered to the site to the mast lift. The supply of insulation boards to the roof is carried out by a mast cargo lift C-598A. The plates are transferred to the workplace manually.

Hot bitumen is prepared centrally and delivered to the construction site in asphalt distributors. The supply of bitumen to the coating is carried out by the SO-100A machine. The SO-100A machine is mounted on a trailer. The bitumen from the asphalt distributor is pumped into the SO-100A machine and fed through the pipeline to the coating. The pipeline on the vertical section is attached to the wall of the building with brackets with clamps, and on the inventory racks with a reverse slope of 0.01%.

Bitumen is delivered to the place of work in tanks filled to 3/4 of the volume, on a pneumatic wheeled trolley. The tank is filled from the dispensing points of the bitumen pipeline.

Slab heat-insulating foam boards are laid on the coating on bitumen with a snug fit to the vapor barrier layer.

Before starting work, the roofer checks the dryness of the base and installs beacons that allow the slabs to be laid in an even layer. For the production of works, the coating in the plan is divided into grips (9x12).

All work on the installation of Penoplex plates is carried out to meet the supply of materials. Before laying the slabs, hot bitumen (160-190) is applied to the surface of the coating in strips 100-120 mm wide every 150-200 mm. Bitumen is poured into buckets and leveled over the surface with brushes.

Thermal insulation boards must be laid from the top marks to the bottom, with the long side across the roof slope.

The joints of the slabs have a stepped shape, which provides a tight lock and allows you to lay the slabs with an overlap.

Grease the ends of the plates located at the edges of the coating with bitumen.

When storing and transporting thermal insulation boards, measures must be taken: the boards can be stored outdoors in their original packaging, but they must be protected from prolonged exposure to sunlight to prevent destruction of the top layer of the boards.

After performing thermal insulation during the day, it is necessary to cover the slabs with geotextile material, which will protect the slabs from ultraviolet sunlight, followed by covering it with gravel 5 cm thick.

The device of thermal insulation in winter in accordance with SNiP III-20-74 * is allowed at an outdoor temperature of at least -20 ° C.

It is forbidden to lay the slabs on surfaces that have not been cleared of frost, snow and ice.

To protect the bases from damage when moving people, a wooden flooring is arranged on the surface.

Calculation Nº1: the number of lifts of insulation boards "Penoplex" mast lift:

The size of the Penoplex plates is 2250x1500x30 mm;

Consumption of plates "Penoplex" - (72x24) / (2.25x1.5) = 512 pcs;

The lift lifts 29 plates;

Number of lifts 512/29=18.

Calculation Nº2: Norm of time for bitumen supply using the SO-100A machine:

Meter - 1 m³ of bitumen;

The amount of bitumen per coating is 2 tons or 1.82 m³;

Machine productivity - 6 m³;

The composition of the link: driver 3 rubles - 1 person, thermal insulator 2 rubles - 1 person.

Norm of time for the meter: man-hour.

58653 1

Before considering the issue on the merits, it is necessary to understand the terminology. The fact is that many articles give fundamentally incorrect definitions of a wet facade, which causes confusion among inexperienced developers. Amateurs call a wet facade such insulation, for the installation of which water-based glue is used. Since this material is “wet”, then the facade, respectively, is also “wet”. For persuasiveness, they talk about the dew point (it, they say, in this case is taken out of the wall) and the information takes on a “scientific” look. What is real?

According to current building regulations, all buildings must meet the requirements for heat saving. It is impossible to achieve this without the use of heaters. For example, even wooden walls in the central zone of our country must have a thickness of at least 60 cm, only such parameters guarantee the necessary thermal conductivity.

If the walls are made of brick, then their thickness increases to 120 cm or more. Of course, no one puts up such houses, and to improve the heat saving indicators, effective heaters are used, most often mineral wool or polystyrene.

Warming can be done both internal and external surfaces of facade walls. Let's dwell on the outer surfaces, they are insulated in two ways.

As for the dew point, in all cases, without exception, it is taken out of the premises. The only exception is that the walls of the house are so thin that the rooms are cooled to the dew point. Such cases happen in old panel Khrushchevs.

We specifically took your time to explain the terminology, only knowing this, you can correctly understand the process of facade insulation using various technologies.

Technically correct, such facades should be called a heat-insulating composite system for insulating facade walls with external plaster layers. As heaters, slabs of foam or pressed mineral wool are used, the thickness is selected taking into account the climatic zone and the initial characteristics of the thermal conductivity of the facade walls. But in most cases, you need at least ten centimeters. Pressed mineral wool is used very rarely and only special types. The reason is insufficient indicators of physical strength, partial shrinkage during operation. What layers does the wet facade consist of?

1. The base is a facade wall. It can be brick, wood, foam blocks, monolithic concrete or OSB sheets. Requirement - the surface must be flat. Otherwise, air will circulate between the wall surface and the foam boards, because of this phenomenon, the insulation efficiency decreases significantly.
2. Thermal insulation layer. Expanded polystyrene of facade grades (non-combustible). It is fixed with glue and dish-shaped dowels.
3. Fiberglass. It is advisable to purchase nets that are resistant to alkalis.
4. Ordinary for painting or decorative plaster. It is allowed to finish the finish with light facing facade slabs.

Before proceeding to the description of the wet facade installation technology, we want to dwell on the requirements for facade plaster in more detail. The quality in this case is directly proportional to the number of years during which the following will be preserved in their original form:

• facade integrity;
• its novelty.

So, it is best to opt for elastic facade plasters. Silicone compounds are ideal, for example, the new generation bark beetle plaster. Consider the main advantages of this facade coating.

Elasticity. Due to the presence of silicone in the composition, "Bark beetle" is flexible and elastic. Such properties of the coating prevent the formation of microscopic cracks on the dried plaster. This is an important quality, because any building after the completion of construction work is subjected to:

• vibrations affecting the structure during shrinkage;
• expansion and contraction of the materials from which the building is made, with changes in temperature.

All of these circumstances lead to the formation of small and frequent cracks on ordinary plaster. The elastic silicone composition can protect your facade from this trouble.

The texture of silicone plaster "Bark beetle", grain 2 mm

Moisture resistance. Another unique feature of the Farbe bark beetle plaster is its 100% resistance to moisture and full vapor permeability. For this, again, you can thank the unusual composition of the mixture. The finished plaster adheres tightly to every unevenness of the covered wall, and creates a protection through which water cannot seep through.

Long-term color retention. Farbe plaster contains silicone resins, which give the following effects:

• the surface does not burn out - protection from ultraviolet rays is provided;
• prevents the effect of any other phenomena that affect the loss of brightness of the facade.

If, as a result of mechanical action, the plaster was scratched or rubbed somewhere, you will not even notice it. The entire mass of plaster is tinted in color and no scratches or abrasions are visible on it.

Self cleaning. Thanks to the "clean facade" technology, the facing plaster "Bark beetle" is independently cleaned. This happens due to the following factors:

• during distribution and solidification, the elastic composition forms a smooth, solid film;
• in the presence of even a little rain, the dust that has settled on the facade is easily washed off without outside help.

In other words, if you are too lazy to independently monitor the appearance of the dwelling, and would like it to be “itself”, the Bark beetle plaster from the Farbe factory is your option.

Record service life. The service life of Bark beetle is on average five times higher than for similar products on the market today. If using ordinary plaster, you renew the facade coating every 5 years, with "Bark beetle" this should be done every quarter of a century.

Tinting. According to the manufacturer's statements, the bark beetle silicone plaster you are interested in is tinted in about 2,500 different shades. This diversity is due to the use of computer tinting and pigments from the world's leading manufacturers.

Variants of shades of silicone plaster "Korooed" Farbe

Little expense. Dry plasters imply material consumption during cladding, equal to approximately 5 kilograms per 1 m². However, the product of the Farbe factory, due to the quality and high density of the composition, suggests using no more than 3 kilograms per unit area, which is enough to form an ideal coating.

The production of the considered silicone plaster for facades is certified according to the international standard. By purchasing silicone plaster, you provide the walls of your own home with reliable protection.

Styrofoam prices

Styrofoam

Video - How to apply silicone plaster "Bark beetle"

Prices for various types of decorative bark beetle plaster

Plaster decorative bark beetle

Wet facade installation technology

Count the amount of building materials with a margin of about 10%, prepare the tools. As a heater, we recommend using foam boards, this is the cheapest and very effective option. The disadvantage of polystyrene is the complete impermeability of moisture, but this will have to be put up with. Moreover, brick or concrete surfaces hardly breathe anyway.

To finish the facades, you will need scaffolding, it is better to use metal ones. If not, make your own from lumber. Pay great attention to safety, install them on stable surfaces. Check the position by level, if the building has more than two floors, then you need to tie the vertical posts to the facade walls with special metal hooks.

Important. During the installation of scaffolding, leave a gap between them and the wall, the size of the gap should ensure comfortable hand operation during plastering or painting the insulation layer. Otherwise, the scaffolding will have to be dismantled and re-installed, and this is an extra waste of time and money.

Step 1. Check the surfaces of the facade walls, irregularities of more than 1 cm must be cut down, all the rest can be trimmed with glue. Do not be afraid that the cost of work will increase. If you calculate the time for additional wall plastering, the price of materials, then the use of glue as a leveling mortar will be much more profitable.

Step 2 Beat off the lower horizontal line with a special rope with blue, do it in a strictly horizontal position. If you are afraid that the first row of foam boards will slide down, then you need to fix a flat wooden or metal rail along the line. Fasten it with dowels or nails, it all depends on the material of the facade wall.

Practical advice. Dish-shaped dowels must match the base, they have differences for wooden, foam block and brick walls, keep this in mind when purchasing materials. Dowels can be screwed into a tree or driven into a prepared hole. The length of the dowel should be equal to the thickness of the foam sheet and the adhesive, plus approximately 60 mm to fix it in the wall.

Step 3 Porous surfaces should be primed, use a deep penetration primer. Apply the solution liberally for maximum impregnation of porous substrates. On smooth cement or brick facade walls, spray with cement laitance. Such operations will increase the coefficient of adhesion of the adhesive to the surfaces.

Step 4 Measure the amount of deviation from the horizontal corners of the house and check the plane of the walls. This can be done with a plumb line and a rope.

1. In the corners of the house, install plumb lines along the entire height of the wall. At the top and bottom, tie the rope to specially installed metal bars, pull it well.
2. Attach a horizontal cord to the stretched ropes, do not tighten the knots.
3. Gradually pull the horizontal cord up along the vertical ropes and measure the distance between it and the wall.

These data will make it possible to assess the condition of the wall. If deviations exceed a centimeter, then they will have to be repaired.

Step 5 Prepare the adhesive mixture according to the manufacturer's instructions. The amount depends on your productivity. During the preparation of the mixture, pour water into the container, and then pour in the dry ingredients.

Practical advice. If the walls of the facade are covered with old paint, then do not rush to remove it, it is long and difficult. First, check the strength of adhesion to the base. To do this, cut a grid of grooves about 1 × 1 cm in size in the paint, stick masking tape to the surface and tear it off. If the paint remains on the wall - excellent, the insulation of the facade can be done on it. If not, you will have to remove it from the surface of the walls.

Step 6 Glue must be applied to the surface of the foam. If the wall is even (roughnesses do not exceed 5 mm), use a comb. But this happens very rarely. In most cases, the solution will have to be applied with a trowel or spatula using the beacon method. On one sheet, you need up to eight beacons up to two centimeters high around the perimeter and in the center, with a diameter of about 10 cm. Due to this height, foam boards are easy to level. Glue must be applied at an angle along the edges of the slab to prevent it from getting into the seams.

Important. After one or two rows, eliminate the possibility of natural air convection between the insulation and the facade wall, otherwise natural draft will appear and the insulation will be ineffective. Not just bad, but inefficient, keep that in mind. To eliminate draft, the solution on these plates must be continuous along one line, the gap between the plates should be completely absent.

Step 7 Immediately after spreading, apply the plate to the surface. Press and level the foam with a long wooden trowel or rail, control the position with a level.

Important. Inexperienced builders can deviate vertically, it is difficult for them to control the position with a level. We recommend making a rope pattern for yourself. Stretch them at the desired distance from the wall and fix. Ropes will need to be installed at a distance of about 2-3 meters. Such simple devices will allow you to constantly monitor the position of all foam sheets along the height of the facade wall.

The difference in height of the planes of two adjacent plates cannot exceed two millimeters. If deviations are found, then after the glue has cooled, the protrusions must be carefully cut off with a very sharp knife and the transition made invisible. If wide joints are obtained between the ends of the plates - it's okay, they will then be blown out with mounting foam. The second and subsequent rows are recommended to start from the inner corners and move to the outer ones, it is more difficult to adjust the inner ones.

Step 8 To increase the fire resistance of buildings between each floor, it is necessary to make fire jumpers. This requirement of the new legislation is aimed at improving the safety and fire resistance of buildings. Fire cuts are made from pressed mineral wool of the same thickness as the foam boards. The width of the cuts is not less than twenty centimeters. Jumpers are installed around the entire perimeter of buildings and at window and door openings.

Step 9 Finishing window and door openings. Measure the slopes, cut out the slabs along them. Do not rush, all joints should be as even as possible. It is better to use mineral wool as a heater, but the choice is yours. If the finish is relatively massive, then take the foam. The insulation should cover the frame of the window and door, due to this, heat losses are reduced and the appearance of the facade wall is improved.

Important. In the place where the window tide will be installed, the foam must be cut at an angle to ensure an unobstructed stack of water. One more thing. The seams of the slabs should not be a continuation of the slopes. In these places, you need to use whole slabs and make appropriate cutouts in them to fit the size of the window. This method eliminates the accidental ingress of water into the gap between the facade wall and the foam. The minimum allowable distance from the seam to the slopes is 15 cm.

No glue is applied to the part of the plate adjacent to the window unit. In the future, the gap is foamed with construction foam.

Seal all the cracks with mounting foam, after it cools, carefully cut off the remnants. Fill the voids with foam to the full thickness of the plates; it is recommended to moisten the surfaces before foaming.

Step 10 After the final hardening of the adhesive, increase the fixation strength with special dowels with large heads. They need to be installed at the junction of corners and in the center of each sheet. We have already mentioned that no technology recommends mounting insulation boards without dowels, no most expensive adhesive gives such a reliable fixation as dowels. There must be at least four pieces for each square meter of the slab.

This completes the insulation process, you can proceed to further finishing.

Insulation plastering

A very important process, not only the appearance of the facade wall, but also the durability of the entire finish depends on the quality of its execution. To increase the adhesion strength and protect the foam sheets from mechanical damage, it is necessary to use a plastic mesh, the mesh size is approximately 5 mm. Before starting work, check the surface of the wall with a long rule or rail.

First you need to trim the corners. Perforated metal profiles are used to strengthen the corners. Cut out strips of mesh about 30–40 cm wide. Apply glue to the corners of buildings of the same width, sink the reinforcing mesh into it, level it. Install a metal profile in the corners and again drown it in the solution. Level the surface. From above, the corners will be closed with a new mesh already during the finishing of the facade walls.

Step 1. With a smooth metal float or a wide spatula, apply a layer of mortar approximately 2-3 mm thick over the plates, level it immediately. There is no need to try very hard, the main thing is that it sticks well to the surface of the foam. Fiberglass mesh is easier to lay from top to bottom, the overlap must be done at least ten centimeters.

Important. Never apply the mesh to a dry wall, and then cover it with glue, only outright hacks do this. The fact is that this method of finishing significantly reduces the strength of gluing materials; in the future, cracks will certainly appear on the plaster. Pay attention to ready-made houses, many of them have this drawback - the consequences of the work of unscrupulous craftsmen.

Step 2 Carefully level the surface of the mesh, the fibers must be completely covered with glue. Check the plane of the wall with a long rail and smooth out any irregularities. To do this, carefully attach a flat rail to the wall and immediately take it away. The footprint will show areas that need alignment.

The surface must be as flat as possible.

Step 3 If the facade is planned to be painted, then a second layer of plaster should be applied, the thickness is within 2-3 mm. The main condition is the maximum alignment of the walls. The technology is the same, do not be discouraged if traces remain after the spatula, then they can be gently rubbed with an ordinary grater. If decorative plaster is chosen for finishing, then it can be applied over the first layer. The same applies to gluing thin facade panels.

If the basement is insulated, then here it is necessary to adhere to the recommended technologies to the maximum extent. The surface of the plinth must be plastered, before gluing the boards, impregnate several times with a waterproofing solution. The fact is that concrete absorbs a lot of moisture, it will fall on the glue. And the foam eliminates the possibility of evaporation, water accumulates under it, expands during freezing and the plates fall off, they will only be held on dowels. If the base is then lined with rather heavy finishing materials, then with their weight they deform the foam plates. At best, the surfaces will become uneven, at worst, you will have to remove materials and repeat the insulation of the house from the beginning.

In the absence of experience in performing such work, it is difficult to find out whether the foam is firmly glued. We recommend doing a test patch. Apply the mortar around the perimeter and in the center, place the sheet against the facade wall and align its position. Remove the styrofoam immediately and look for traces of glue on the wall. They should be uniform over the entire area, and the total area should be at least 40% of the sheet size. Such a simple test will make it possible in the future to focus on the amount and place of application of glue. In addition, you will feel with what force the foam sheet should be pressed against the facade wall.

Always start the installation of a row from the corner and from the whole slab. If a whole slab does not fit at the opposite corner, then it must be cut to size and used as the penultimate one, and the last one must be intact. In extreme cases, the area of ​​​​gluing the foam should be twice the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe part protruding around the corner of the house. Do not forget that the slab should protrude beyond the corner of the building by its thickness, in this place the insulation from the two walls should overlap. It is better to make a ledge with a margin, the excess will then be cut off. The solution must not get on the protruding part of the plate. The next rows of foam on the previous ones are installed in gearing. The tighter they fit, the more secure the mount. In the outer corners, the biggest load, and you can’t insure yourself with dowels, remember this and carefully perform all operations. The plates on the wall should be placed apart, it is forbidden to match the vertical seams on the wall.

Especially carefully check the position of the first row, it is he who sets the level for the entire wall. It is recommended to lay subsequent rows only after the adhesive has completely cured on the first and fixed with dowels.

Do not allow glue to get into the joints between the plates. Why? Cement mixtures have high thermal conductivity and form cold bridges. They will become noticeable on the facade walls in the form of wet stripes. There are cases when such flaws cannot be hidden even with decorative plaster. The stripes are not permanent, appearing or disappearing depending on climatic conditions.

The main task of the reinforcing mesh is to protect the foam from mechanical damage. Experienced builders know that it is impossible to clean the foam from dried high-quality glue without damaging the surface. This means that the role of the grid in holding the plaster is minimal. If the mass falls off, then repairs still cannot be avoided, the plaster will sag on the grid. Hence the conclusion - reinforcement must be done on those sections of the facade wall that can be damaged by mechanical stress, as a rule, not higher than 1.5 m from the base. Anything above is up to you.

You can cut foam boards with a hacksaw with fine teeth. But this is not the best option. A much smoother cut is obtained after cutting with a heated nichrome wire. It can be bought in specialized stores, the length of the wire depends on the diameter. Stretch the wire in a convenient place and connect to the outlet. Uneven cut edges after a hacksaw can be polished with a special grater.

Video - Styrofoam cutting device

Extruded polystyrene foam has very low adhesion with adhesives. Before use, be sure to clean it on both sides with a grater until shallow furrows appear.

Video - Preparing polystyrene foam for gluing

Do not use this material as the main thermal insulation, it can only be used to finish the basement. And then only in those cases when the finishing of these surfaces is done with heavy materials.

Video - Wet facade installation technology