Outdoor staircase to the attic in a small house. Stairs to the attic: types of designs and design options. Applied spatial structures

The equipment of an additional room in the attic is good option increase in living space in the house. After the attic has become residential, you need to take care of installing a beautiful one. Even when designing, it is necessary to consider where the attic staircase will be installed, what kind it will have, and what material it will be made of.

At the place of installation, the attic staircase can be internal or external. The internal ladder structure is the most used option, but takes up a lot of space. The external staircase for the attic is mounted from the outside of the buildings, it is an element of the facade of the building. By type of construction stairs to the attic are:

Single-flight staircase to the attic. Such an attic staircase is easy to manufacture and install.

Two-flight (turning) staircase for the attic.

With running steps. In this case, the turntable is replaced by steps in the form of a trapezoid. Such an attic staircase takes less space than two-march.

Screw. This type of attic structure occupies a minimum of space, is the most acceptable option. screw attic staircase will add originality to any interior. Going screw attic construction from winders that are mounted on load-bearing pole.

Foldable. This is the most economical type of construction. It is used in the case when attic stairs are rarely used. The folding staircase to the attic consists of separate sections and fits into the ceiling hatch. It is easy to install, easy to operate, takes small space, reliable and simple.

Material selection

The main material for the manufacture of stairs to the attic is wood, less often metal and very rarely stone. Sometimes the march to the attic is combined, when the bowstring is made of metal, and the steps are made of wood.

More commonly used inside the home wooden staircase for the attic. Wooden staircase can be of any type and shade. Wood is environmentally friendly, reliable, easy to process. The lumber prepared for work must be even, free of knots, cracks and deformations.

The staircase to the attic, made of metal, is mainly installed indoors. Such an attic structure is reliable in operation and is characterized by high strength.

An attic staircase made of stone is installed outside the building. It is reliable, made thoroughly. After installation, the stone staircase structure is plastered and painted in the color of the building's facade.

Marching design and calculation of elements

The attic staircase is the easiest to build. It may have one or more spans. In order for the flight of stairs to be operated for a long period, it is necessary to carry out the correct calculation of all elements during the design:

Bowstring and kosour are the main load-bearing elements the whole structure. An attic ladder on bowstrings is the most used option. The bowstring is either made of wood or metal. A bowstring made of wood is most often used, as it is easy to process and install. The recommended dimensions of a bowstring made of wood are: length - 2000-5500 mm, width - from 350 mm, thickness - from 25 to 50 mm. The stairs to the attic with stringers look prettier, but are difficult to manufacture and install. For installation, you need to know what length and height it will be, the depth of its steps, the height of the riser.

The difference between a bowstring and a stringer is that on the bowstring the steps are located between the beams. Kosour is the same beam, only the steps are already installed on top of the beam

Steps and risers. They are made from a flat, processed board, with a width of 0.2 to 0.3 m, based on free space reserved for flight of stairs. All steps must be sanded, cuts and irregularities removed. The risers are selected in height, in the range from 15 to 20 cm.

Number of steps. The length of the flight of stairs must be divided by the allowable step height. If the ladder structure has 18 steps or more, it is recommended to make a U-turn platform.
Turnaround area. The attic staircase can be rotated 90 and 180 degrees, based on the shape of the stairs. The width of the landing should be the same as the width of the flight of stairs. It is necessary to provide for a platform length of more than 1 meter, which is commensurate with the length of a person's step. This will ensure normal movement around the site.

Steepness. The slope of the flight of stairs should be in the range of 30 to 45 degrees. This is in line with the terms safe use and ergonomics. When the slope is more than 45 degrees, carrying heavy things and moving people will be very inconvenient. With a slope of less than 30 degrees, the stairs to the attic will turn out to be longer and take up a lot of free space.

Structure length. To calculate it, you need to take the fastening points of the march in the floor and lower floors. Having received the height and width of the structure, we calculate its length using the hypotenuse formula of a right triangle.

March installationladder construction

This installation order is typical. The set for attic stairs includes a bowstring, balusters with railings, treads, risers. To install the bowstring, grooves are equipped in the upper ceiling for its installation. Sometimes these grooves are not performed, but metal stoppers are mounted and tightly fixed. In the place of the lower attachment of the bowstring at the level of the first step, a locking bar is installed and fastened to the floor so that even minimal movement is excluded when the ladder is loaded. Installation of steps is extremely simple. The grooves prepared for the steps in the bowstring must be smeared with adhesive and the risers should be installed. After that, you need to make sure that the risers are aligned with the edge, and attach them with nails or self-tapping screws. Treads can be laid on the fixed risers and fixed. Glue in this situation does not allow the steps to creak.

Advice! For ease of use, it is recommended to start the installation of steps on attic stairs from the first lower step.

When installing balusters, you need to ensure that they are all installed at the same height.. To do this, you need to mount the same balusters on the first and last steps, stretch a rope between them and along the line tight rope install the remaining balusters. On the fixed balusters, handrails are installed and fastened, which can be made of different material. The assembled attic stairs are polished again. Polished stairs are opened with impregnations that repel water and protective equipment from tree insects. Installation of a mid-flight ladder https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cs53sgwpvEo

Screw design, the order of its installation

The screw attic design looks more attractive, but its production and installation are much more expensive than direct marching ones. When installing a spiral staircase in the attic, a carrier pillar is most often used, where trapezoidal steps are mounted on the axis one after the other. For stability and reliability, the column is set exactly vertically and concreted at the base. Cylinders are cut from a pipe, which is several millimeters larger than the column in diameter. Steps are attached to the cylinders and mounted on a pole. After the steps are put on the axial column, they are put on desired angles and attached to a pole. The tread should be a depth of 10 cm at the post and up to 40 cm at outside. The riser should have an average height of 20 cm. The staircase to the attic is equipped with a railing. Standard railings have a height of 1 meter, which can be increased if necessary. Installing screw structures for attic space, do not forget that they are all due to design features limited in use. Installation of a spiral staircase https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZIAhjFjVWf4

The presence of an attic in the house makes it easy to equip a comfortable and functional room for any needs without the need to add additional floors or rooms. An important element of this room is the staircase, because it is thanks to it that you can quickly and safely get to the attic floor.

What should be the staircase to the attic, what to look for when choosing a design and material, and whether it is possible to make attic stairs with your own hands - we will consider in more detail in our article.

Types of attic stairs

According to the type of installation, the staircase to the attic, the photo below, can be:

Internal - a universal type of attic stairs, which is located inside the building. It can take up quite a lot of space, so it is important to carefully choose its design if the area of \u200b\u200bthe room is small.
Outdoor - located outside the building, such an ascent to the attic floor is an integral part of the facade. Thanks to this type, the attic will have a separate entrance from the street. It is better to design an external staircase to the attic at the stage of building a house.

Construction of attic stairs

Standard single-march is a straight structure, located at an angle, the value of which depends on the height of the ceiling. Optimal Angle the rise should be 30-45 degrees, so such an attic staircase should not be installed if the floor height is more than 2.5 m - the steps will be too steep and uncomfortable, and the structure will take up a lot of space. In addition, this type requires a long opening in the ceiling, which will reduce the useful area of the attic.

In the photo - a straight attic staircase

Two-march - an option suitable for spacious rooms, since it requires the allocation of space for it, designed for a turntable. Suitable for any ceiling height, saves convenient sizes steps. The turn can be either 90 degrees or 180, and to save space, it is better to install such an attic staircase in the corner.

One of the options for the location of the attic stairs

With winder steps - instead of a turntable, trapezoidal steps are installed, which are laid with a narrow side in a smaller turning radius. For convenience, the width of the middle of the step should be at least 0.3 m. This design will take less space than rotary, while providing a comfortable lift to the attic.

Here is such an attic staircase you can do with your own hands

Screw - the most economical option of all, because it takes up the least space. Able to transform and make any interior original. Consists of winder steps attached to the central axis ( support post). But at the same time, spiral attic stairs are very inconvenient, because you can easily stumble on them. In addition, it is worth taking care of installing reliable railings and additional lighting for lifting to the attic.

How to properly position the stairs to the attic without losing usable space

Folding - the simplest and inexpensive option attic stairs, but it is better to install it if the attic is used intermittently, for example, in the country. It is a compact design of several sections, which, when folded, are easily removed into the ceiling hatch. Such attic stairs are easy to install, do not need planning and are convenient to use, do not take up space, are durable and reliable.

Small Folding Attic Ladder

What material is best?

The attic staircase is a full-fledged part of the interior, and in the case street installation– important architectural element. Choosing the material and design of the stairs to the attic, you should focus on the interior of the room.

Wooden attic stairs, photo below, can be of any design, shape and color, they are very easy to fit into the interior. In addition, wood is durable and durable material, which can give the room additional comfort. But wood needs timely processing special formulations capable of extending its service life.

Important: The surface of the steps should not be too smooth, since varnished or polished, they cannot ensure a safe ascent or descent from the attic.

Metal attic stairs emphasize the unique design of the room. They are strong and reliable and look very original. They can be dyed in any suitable shade or order chrome - it all depends on the design of the attic and the whole house. Mansard metal stairs suitable for any houses: brick, wooden, stone.

How to make a spiral staircase to the attic

Stone - solid and reliable structures for climbing to the attic floor. But it is better to install them in brick houses, because visually they are heavy and can overload the interior. It is best to install such a ladder outside. It can be plastered and painted in the color of the facade.

How to build an attic staircase with your own hands

You can buy a finished staircase to the attic, but there is a risk that it will not fit into inner dimensions at home. Custom-made production is a very costly and long-term production. Therefore, the easiest way is to make a staircase to the attic with your own hands.

Important: For construction it is better to use wood conifers: larch, cedar, pine. From hardwoods, it is better to choose oak, beech or ash. Lumber must be well dried, smooth and without knots - this will ensure the strength and stability of the future structure.

The layout of the stairs to the attic

The construction of a staircase to the attic begins with determining the place of its installation: for a residential attic floor, it is better to make an exit from the hallway or living room, and for a temporary one, from the veranda or street. The easiest way is to make a staircase to the attic along stringers (wooden or metal beams located along the wall).

Basic concepts for calculation

A string should be stretched along the wall, connecting the upper point of the attic subfloor and the place where the stairs begin on the first floor. After that, you should calculate the number of steps. It is advisable to first draw up drawings with a work plan and focus on them during installation.

The dimensions of the tread and riser will depend on the angle of inclination. In this case, the maximum step height should not exceed 20 cm (at 45 degrees) and be less than 12 cm (at 30 degrees). The depth of the step should be within 30-38 cm. Optimal Width span is about 100-120 cm.

Angles are marked on the stringer based on the number and position of the steps. In the upper part of the board, a spike with dimensions of 50-100 mm should be left, depending on the section of the beam, designed to secure the hatch to the attic. In the overlap under the spike, a groove is hollowed out with a chisel.

After that, the board should be grabbed to the wall and draw the calculated number of steps (draw the lines strictly according to the level). In this case, the first board from the bottom is drawn taking into account the thickness of the tread board.

Then the board can be removed and sawed teeth on it. The second board is cut according to the pattern of the first. For wide stairs, it is better to prepare three beams.

Mounting

At the beginning, the base of the stairs is installed, which should be fixed with a bar. Kosours are screwed to it with self-tapping screws, with upper spikes they must enter the prepared grooves, smeared with carpentry glue. The strength of the structure will give reinforcement of the structure metal corners and threaded studs (connect stringers in 3-4 places). After that, the first beam is screwed to the wall.

The lower step is mounted first, you can fix it on self-tapping screws that need to be drowned and closed with wooden plugs. After that, the riser is installed.

Important: All joints must be coated with wood glue.

The tread is screwed on the back. Thus, the braids are sewn up to the top. The outer line of steps is sheathed with board or plywood.

If the width of the attic staircase is more than 120 cm, then the installation of a railing is optional, otherwise vertical racks bolted to the stringers, and to them - the railing. Optimal Height the railing of the stairs to the attic is about 85 cm.

You can learn more about how to make a staircase to the attic in the video:

Buying a finished staircase to the attic is not always the right decision. The internal dimensions of the premises are different, and the design may simply not fit in size. Individual order- expensive pleasure. Therefore, many people think about making stairs with their own hands.

Working locally is the best course of action. This is how it will be possible to take into account any nuances of the layout of the house and eliminate inaccuracies in time. Correctly designing a wooden staircase is within the power of any craftsman with the slightest carpentry skills.

Variants of stairs to the attic: advantages and disadvantages of the main types

Device attic space- current and effective method expansion of the living area of a private house. However, in this case, it is required to resolve the issue of lifting to the upper floor. Mistakes made during the design and installation of the staircase structure can “nullify” all the advantages of the attic space. An ill-conceived placement and type of construction can "eat" additional meters acquired during the arrangement of a living room.

Based on the location of the stairs relative to the house, two types of structures are distinguished: external and internal.

An external staircase can be used as temporary or permanent. outdoor structure has some features:

The attic floor with a separate entrance allows you to delimit living space. This is especially true if the owner of the "attic" room wants to go to his room without disturbing the rest of the household.
An external staircase does not clutter up the space inside the premises, which is very important for houses with a small area.
It should be borne in mind that intruders and thieves often try to penetrate through the external staircase. For home improvement in an unguarded holiday village, it is better to choose internal compact structures.

The internal layout of the stairs is the most common option. If the area of \u200b\u200bthe house allows, then such a design - optimal solution. The attic staircase can become an interior decoration, and in winter time to climb to the second floor, you will not have to go across the street. A possible disadvantage is the use of usable area.

According to the type of construction, there are five main types of stairs to the attic:

Comparing the pros and cons, taking into account the dimensions of the room and the existing circumstances, it will be possible to determine optimal design home stairs.

The device stairs to the attic: basic terms

The main structural elements of the stairs are: kosour, tread and risers.

Kosour - load-bearing beam. In fact, this is a board on which fragments are sawn out for the installation of steps. In the manufacture of wooden stairs, the thickness of the stringer should not be less than 50 mm, the minimum allowable width is 250 mm. As a rule, two load-bearing beams are used. An additional kosour is mounted if the width of the attic staircase exceeds 1.2 meters.

Tread - the horizontal part of the step, which is stepped on while walking. When developing a drawing, it must be taken into account that the greater the distance between load-bearing beams, the stronger the steps should be. For the manufacture of these parts, boards with a thickness of 25-50 mm are used. The treads have an overhang of 20-40 mm over the appropriate step.

Riser - the vertical part between the treads. This structural element usually does not carry a load. In some versions of the stairs, there are no risers at all - such a rise visually seems easier.

The choice of material for the manufacture of wooden stairs to the attic

The staircase structure is a full-fledged part of the interior, and in the case of an external staircase to the attic, it is an important architectural element. Choosing the design and material of the stairs, you need to focus on the interior of the house.

Wooden stairs are suitable for many styles and fit easily into the interior. In addition, wood is easier to work with than other materials. Therefore, if you plan to independently manufacture stairs, then it is better to choose wood.

Important! The tree needs protective treatment, which increases the resistance of the material to moisture and fire.

You can build a ladder from both coniferous and hardwood. Perfect option from conifers - cedar and larch. The wood looks good, is easy to process and practically does not rot.

Spruce is slightly inferior in its characteristics. Its main drawback is the presence a large number knots. It is easy to work with pine, an additional plus of wood is an affordable cost.

Of hardwoods, oak is best suited for creating stairs. In second place for performance characteristics- beech, and on the third - ash.

Metal attic stairs emphasize the individuality of the design of the house. The construction is very strong and reliable. You can give the metal any color or order chrome plating - the decision depends on the style of the attic and the entire room.

It is quite difficult to build a metal staircase on your own - you will need welding machine and experience with it.

stone or concrete stairs- heavyweights that visually burden the interior of the house. It is better to build such a lift outside the house. Subsequently, the stairs can be plastered and painted in a suitable shade.

How to make a staircase to the attic: step-by-step installation of a marching structure

Choosing a place to install the stairs

To install the stairs, you need to determine the most optimal place:

It is optimal if the entrance to the attic is located in private room tambura type. This will allow you to equip the staircase with convenient dimensions and provide additional thermal insulation of the room. If necessary, the vestibule can be simply closed and cold air from the attic will not get to the lower floor. This is convenient if the attic is used as living room only during the summer.
In the absence of a vestibule, it is better to erect a lifting structure near the far wall of the room. This arrangement saves usable space, and the steps will not interfere with walking around the room.
When planning the installation of folding steps, it is better to provide not just a passage, but a closing hatch in the ceiling - this will help minimize heat loss in the room.

Calculation of stairs and drawing up a drawing

There are certain rules governing allowed values the main parameters of the stairs. Manufacturing of structures in compliance with established dimensions guarantees safety and ease of movement on the stairs. The following rules must be adhered to:

the width of the stairs should not be less than 80-100 cm;
comfortable step width - 20-32 cm (optimally - 30 cm);
narrow part running stage- not less than 10 cm;
riser height - 15-19 cm;
the slope of the marching stairs is 20-40 °.

Approximate procedure for calculating the dimensions of the stairs:

Measure the height of the floor - the difference between the level of the finished floor of the lower floor and the attic. Let's say the value is 250 cm.
Determine the height and number of steps. To do this, the height of the rise should be divided by the height of the riser (18 cm), that is: 250/18 = 13.88 pieces. Since fractional numbers are not suitable, then 13.88 must be rounded up to 14 pieces. Accordingly, the actual height of the steps will not be 18 cm, but 17.85 cm (250/14).
Calculate the length of the march. If we take the width of the steps at 27 cm, then the total length of the march will be 405 cm (14 * 27).
Based on the calculations made, make a drawing and markup.
Then measure the distance between the edges of the attic floor. Mark the lines on the drawing.
Measure the distance from the edge of the attic floor to the steps of the stairs. According to GOST, this value must be at least 185 cm for unhindered movement up the stairs. If this size is smaller, then the length of the march must be reduced by increasing the height of the steps and reducing their number.
The calculation of the stringers is carried out according to the formula: step height + step length * 4.76. That is: 4.05 + 2.5 * 4.76 \u003d 4.75 m.
The width of the stringers should be twice the size of the riser, that is: 17.85 * 2 = 35.7 cm.

Stair Assembly Order

Prepare boards for stringers - they must be bought with a small margin. For example, with the required stringer length of 4.75 m, you need to take a board 5 m long. Mark the slots on the stringers using a joiner's corner. Draw places for cutting steps and number them.

Since the calculations were performed without taking into account the thickness of the boards, this value must be taken into account when cutting the lower part of the stringer.

Important! After cutting the stringers, they must be compared with each other - they must match exactly, otherwise it will not work to assemble a solid staircase.

The next step is cutting out the platform beam. The width of the beam is calculated as follows: the width of the stairs (90 cm) + double the thickness of the stringer + 14 cm (depending on the parameters of the stairs). So, according to the above example, the platform beam is equal to: 90 + 2 * 5 + 14 \u003d 114 cm. You will need two such beams.

In the prepared beams, make cuts, stepping back from the edge by 7 cm. The width of the cuts should correspond to the thickness of the stringer. The beams are then fixed to the floor with anchors.

Install stringers in the grooves and fasten them to the beams with studs or dowels. Kosour, which is joined near the wall, fasten to it with anchors. Then steps and risers are installed. The fixation of structural elements is carried out in one of the ways: by cutting, screws or dowels.

The final stage is the installation of balusters and the installation of a handrail.

Installation of a spiral staircase to the attic

The design of a spiral staircase has a number of features that must be considered when designing and installing:

in spiral staircases usually no risers;
when people move, the middle of the steps is subjected to the main load, so the width of this part must be at least 20 cm;
the narrowest part of the step should not be less than 10 cm;
optimal diameter screw design- 220 cm;
the branches of the steps should be at a distance of about 2 meters from each other;
steps are located with a slight overlap - this provides additional structural strength, the edges of adjacent steps are connected by brackets.

The assembly sequence of the spiral staircase:

Support stand installation. To wooden floor the beam is fixed with special fasteners, to the cement - it is concreted with stretch marks.
Cut holes in the treads and "put" them on the support post.
Divide the steps between each other with bushings desired height. Place safety washers between steps and bushings.
Distribute the steps according to the plan and fix with brackets.
Install railings and handrails.

Staircase to the attic in a private house: photo

Staircase to the attic: the dimensions of the structure allow efficient use of space. Under the stairs there is a built-in kitchenette and a library.

Compact stairs to the attic, installed in the corner - best option for small spaces.

Metal outdoor staircase to the attic: photo

In their homes, most people, not wanting to lose the usable area of the attic, convert it into a living attic space. To climb into such a room, you need a safe and comfortable staircase. In order not to make a mistake when choosing, you need to know what kind of attic stairs are according to the design and materials of manufacture, where it is best to place it in your home, and what dimensions to take into account when calculating the staircase structure.

Stair structures to the attic floor, according to the type of placement, are divided into two types:

outdoor
internal

External staircase to the attic - located on the street side of the building and provides us with a separate entrance. The construction of such a staircase structure is advisable if the owner of the room needs to get inside without disturbing the residents. AT small house, the staircase to the attic from the street will not clutter up the living space with its design. To avoid unnecessary financial expenses, the entrance opening for the external staircase is best designed at the stage of building a house.

The internal staircase structure is located inside the building, the most common placement option, since you have access to the attic room directly from the inside of the house. At right choice designs and convenient location location, such a staircase design can be the highlight of your interior.

Types of attic stairs by design

There are six main types of stairs to the attic:

Single-march - simple design which you can make with your own hands, consists of a straight flight of stairs, located at an angle. This design is not suitable for all types of houses, since for a comfortable tilt angle, which is 20-45 degrees, it is necessary to have a ceiling height of no more than 2.5 meters. At large sizes in height, the stairs will have a steep and unsafe descent. The construction of this staircase will require a more gentle opening in the ceiling, which will lead to a decrease in living space. attic room.

Two-march - comfortable staircase suitable for spacious rooms, consists of flights of stairs and a turntable, which is located at an angle of 90 or 180 degrees. At correct placement platforms can be set to a suitable angle of inclination, which will ensure safe and comfortable descent and ascent. Such ladder structure best placed in a corner to save space.

With winder steps - in this design, the turntable is replaced by trapezoidal steps, the placement of which occurs with the narrow side towards the center of the stairs. Due to this, this type of construction takes up much less space than one or two mid-flight stairs.

The spiral staircase to the attic, due to its design consisting of winders attached to a support post, looks elegant and compact, suitable for small spaces. different types such a design may be enough for 1 sq. meters of living space. On construction small size very easy to stumble. It must be taken into account that climbing in a spiral in the elderly may become dizzy, and such stairs require additional lighting and more reliable railings. It is impossible to lift bulky items to the attic on it, consider this point, if you need to furnish a room, it is better to do this before installing a spiral staircase.

Involute stairs - they look very elegant and original, according to design feature an average solution between screw and marching options. This design is mounted on a curved metal or wooden stringer, which is very difficult to manufacture on its own, and therefore such a ladder is a rather expensive option.

Folding ladders are a mechanism consisting of sections that fold or slide into each other. When folded, they are placed in the ladder box and are closed by a hatch from the side of the room, thanks to which the room is thermally insulated and you do not have to do additional insulation stairway. This type of construction is more suitable if the house is small or you do not plan to constantly use the attic, for example, only in the summer.

What to make a staircase for your interior

The staircase to the attic floor is an important and exclusive part of the interior, which is the focus of attention when choosing an outdoor one, and is also an important architectural element. When choosing a material, be guided by the interior of the house and your preferences.

Common types of materials in the manufacture of staircases are:

Wood
Metal
Concrete (stone)
Glass

A wooden staircase to the attic looks beautiful in any interior, giving extra comfort to the room. For self-manufacturing staircase construction, wood is the most suitable material, which is easy to work with at home. When choosing a ladder made of wood, you need to consider wooden steps should not be too smooth, as polished or varnished increases the chance of slipping and falling down the stairs.
Metal stair structures in the interior look refined and refined, their characteristics are durable and reliable, and do not require constant maintenance. Metal stairs can be given any type of design, from artistic forging to chrome plating of individual parts or the entire structure. If you are not familiar with welded business, then this ladder to the attic with your own hands becomes a difficult task at home.
Concrete or stone, very heavy and massive, give a strong load on the foundation or floor slabs. Stairs made of such material look bulky in wooden houses, the best place installation, it is in brick houses or outside the building. A staircase made of such material will have to be tiled or plastered and painted, which will lead to financial costs.
Glass is combined model, consisting of a metal stringer and glass steps, which visually give lightness to the structure. Practical and durable, but requires constant care of the glass. Quite expensive staircase structures, steps will have to be bought in specialized stores.

How to build an attic staircase with your own hands

Before starting work, questions arise, where to start and how to make a staircase to the attic. If you have already decided on the design, then you need to choose the material that is most suitable and available material for the manufacture of ladder construction is a tree. Wood is selected hard rock, since she will have to withstand a serious load, and repeatedly.

Whole wooden material for the stairs, we bring it into the room where we are going to directly build the staircase structure, and store it for two to three days, this is necessary so that the material is at the same temperature and humidity with the room and takes the final dimensions.

Choosing a place to install the stairs

The choice of installation site depends on the use of the attic, permanent or temporary (seasonal), if it is a living room with constant use, then perfect place The installation is a hallway or living room. It is best to install the ladder structure near or along the far wall (depending on the chosen design), with this placement it saves effective area, and does not interfere with moving around the room.

Placement of the staircase structure, for temporary or seasonal use of the attic room, the veranda is best suited, it will act as a vestibule, which will prevent cool air from entering the living space, also good decision there will be an installation of an external staircase structure from the street.

The main parameters when calculating the stairs

For safety and convenient movement, there are norms for the permissible dimensions of the elements of the ladder structure:

slope of mid-flight stairs -20-40°
width of stairs not less than 80-100 cm
width (depth) of the step - 20-32 cm (optimally - 27 cm)
narrow part of the winder - at least 10 cm
riser height - 15 - 20 cm

Drawing up a drawing and an example of calculating a ladder

This calculation scheme is applicable for single-flight ladder structures made of various materials whether concrete, wood or metal.

We measure overall height lift - the distance from the level of the finished floor of the lower floor, to the level of the finished floor attic floor, for example, take equal to 260 cm.

We calculate the number of steps, for this we divide the total height of the rise by the height of the riser, take 18 cm (allowable 15-19 cm), we get 260/18 = 14.44 pcs. The result is rounded up to the integer 14.

Therefore, the real height of the steps (from the top of the lower step to the top of the upper step) will not be 18 cm, but 18.57 cm (260/14).

We calculate the length of the march, take the number of steps and multiply by their width 27 cm (permissible 20-32 cm), we get 14 * 27 = 405 cm.

Having made these calculations, we transfer the obtained dimensions of the stairs to the attic to the drawing.

The height of the space above your head is the distance from the lower edge of the attic floor to the steps. For unhindered passage through the staircase, according to GOST, this distance must be at least 185 cm. If this distance is less than the permissible one, then it is necessary to reduce the length of the march by reducing the number of steps and increasing their height.

We calculate the length of the stringer, for this the Pythagorean formula h2 + l2 \u003d k2 is suitable

l - march length

h - lifting height

k - stringer

We get k=√(h2 +l2)=√(2.62 +4.052) =4.81. It is better to take the length with a margin and round up to 5 m.

We calculate the width of the stringer - multiply the size of the riser by 2, we get 17.85 * 2 = 35.7 cm.

Video - calculation of a metal ladder structure.

Installation of an attic staircase

The wooden elements of the staircase structure must be treated with special compounds (impregnations) that make the material resistant to fire and protection from moisture, as well as varnished, we do all this after their manufacture, but before the start of installation work.

Work begins with the preparation of stringers, for this we take two boards 5 meters long, this size is taken from the above calculations. Using a square or a template, we mark the slots, draw the places for cutting future steps and number them.

Making a template:

take a small sheet of plywood
from the corners we measure the width of the tread and the height of the riser
the obtained marks are connected by a line
on both sides, along the lines made, we fasten the rails
we apply the made template to the stringer in such a way that the slats prevent displacement, and mark up

We use the finished first kosour as a template to make the second kosour.

After the slots have been made, we apply two stringers to each other and check them for an exact match, this is necessary for a stable and reliable design.

To install and secure the stringers, we prepare a support for them. In the ceiling of the attic floor (at the end of the staircase), we make grooves or fix an additional beam on which the stringers will rest. Grooves are easier to make in a wooden floor, and in concrete slabs it is better to attach an additional wooden beam. The stringers are fastened from above and below, so we need two beams. In the prepared beams, we make a gash under the grooves, stepping back from the edges by 7 cm. The width of the gash should be equal to the width of the stringer.

When selecting and installing a support (platform) beam, take into account such dimensions as the minimum section equal to 5 × 8 cm. These section dimensions exclude the thinning of the structure when cutting grooves for the stringer in it.

Having done the above work, we proceed directly to the assembly. We insert the finished stringers into the grooves and fix them with hardware, dowels or studs. We fasten the stringer located along the wall to it with the help of anchors or long screws. The next assembly step is the installation of steps and risers, fixing occurs in one of the following ways:

cutting
screws
dowels

The final step is the installation of balusters and railings. Thanks to our step by step instructions, a do-it-yourself attic staircase is a completely feasible project, if you follow the sequence of work and accurately make calculations.

If you have an attic in your house, then the stairs to it must be provided for by the layout. It is quite possible to make such a design with your own hands, but for this you need to acquire some knowledge.

This article will tell you how to make the stairs to the attic yourself, how to correctly calculate it and correctly position it in the house. You will also see photos of various ladder systems and useful video for their installation.

Stairs to the attic - which type to choose

So, you set out to make a high-quality and reliable staircase to the attic with your own hands. And the very first question that will be in front of you is what type of staircase is better to choose.

There are only three main types of stepped systems in the attic:

Marching.
Screw.
Foldable.

And, since we are talking about planning and installing stairs with your own hands, it is better to opt for the simplest marching structure made of natural wood (for these purposes, it is better to use pine tree species). It is about its calculation, choice of location and manufacture that will be discussed further.

The layout of the stairs to the attic

Before proceeding with the calculation of the staircase structure, you should decide on its layout, that is, the location of the system in the living room.

Most likely, when building a house and an attic, the designer has already determined the place where the structure will be located, and then you just have to calculate and build it yourself.

When designing a house, the place where the staircase leading to the attic will be located must be selected and taken into account.

Calculation of the ladder system

The calculation of the stairs to the attic is carried out according to the following plan:

Determining the dimensions of the structure.
Making the necessary calculations.
Building a drawing.

Sizing

First you need to determine the height of the structure, for which the distance from the floor to the ceiling (attic floor) is measured with a tape measure. This value is recorded.

Other required dimensions can be taken from generally accepted GOSTs:

step height - no more than 20 cm;
small clearance width - about 80 cm;
step width - no more than 40 cm;
riser height - about 20 cm;
fence height - 90 cm;
the angle of inclination of the stairs is not more than 45 degrees.

All measurements must be recorded in order to be used later for the production of a ladder structure.

Making calculations

At this design stage, two missing values \u200b\u200bshould be determined - the length of the stairs and the number of steps in the structure.

Since we took the slope of the stairs at 45 degrees, then its length should be slightly greater than the height. For example, the distance from the floor in the attic is 285 cm, which means the length of the system will be about 320 cm.

Based on the length value, you can determine the number of steps. To do this, divide the length of the stairs (320 cm) by the height of the steps (20 cm):

320: 20 = 16 steps.

Building a drawing

We draw a sketch of the staircase structure based on the measurements and calculations made (see photo below).

The main components of the design

A practical and easily accessible option for production on your own is a single-flight wooden staircase on stringers. This design consists of the following main elements:

stringers;
tread;
risers;
fencing (balusters and railings).

On the this figure schematically demonstrated the main structural elements in the attic

Kosoura

The kosour is a side deck, which is the bearing support for the steps. In order to make a kosour, a glued beam of coniferous wood with a thickness of at least 65 mm is used. The outer part of the kosour is milled and processed by a grinding machine.

tread

Tread - the surface of the step, which is stepped on when walking. For its manufacture, boards with a width of 35 to 50 mm are used.

risers

Riser - a vertical plank between steps 1–2 cm thick.

fencing

The fence is support element design, designed for comfortable and safe movement on the stairs.

Quick Installation Guide

Now let's talk about how to do it yourself quality installation stairs to the attic.

The construction is carried out in stages:

First with the help circular saw braids are made.
Next, the stringers are installed in the place where the stairs will be located. They are fixed to the floor and ceiling with anchor bolts.
Then risers and treads are attached to the stringers with a screwdriver and self-tapping screws.
Next, a fence of balusters and railings is installed.
The production of stairs to the attic is completed by painting the system or coating with a special varnish for wood.

Video: making stairs to the attic with your own hands

From this video you will learn how to make a spiral-type staircase to the attic yourself.

In order for you to have a beautiful, stylish and safe staircase to the attic in your house, it is not at all necessary to spend a lot of your own efforts, nerves and time. After all, you can make it much easier - visit our online store and choose your favorite magnificent staircase system for your home from the best craftsmen at an affordable and favorable price.

The elegant staircase system from the Prestige series will perfectly fit into modern interior, its cost is only 42 748 rubles

Spectacular and fashionable design called "Modern" will cost you 125 262 rubles

Below are just some of the photos of the elegant, stylish and comfortable stair systems that we have in our range. You can get acquainted with the catalog of our products in more detail by visiting our convenient and colorful website.