Do-it-yourself L-shaped staircase - how to make a corner staircase. Calculation of wooden and metal stairs to the second floor of the house Stairs with 90 degree turning steps

Even a one-story object is not without steps inside - there are stairs to the attic or low, often found structures in the interior, crowning the design idea. A house with several tiers needs special lifts, and the ease of use and safety of home depends on what type of stairs the owner chooses for self-construction. The most common option is a do-it-yourself staircase to the second floor made of wood with a 90-degree turn.

Types of rotary wooden stairs

As a rule, these are L- or U-shaped two-march models. The rotation angle is 90 and 180, respectively.

In addition, stairs are divided into the following options:

Additional advantages of both options are convenience and safety. The structures are calculated in such a way that they can withstand the weight of the cargo carried to the second floor and a sufficient number of assistants. The width and depth of the steps will allow older people and young children to use the stairs without fear for their safe movement.

Designing a 90 degree turntable

Small houses for a small family do not need wide and bulky spans. Therefore, consider the design of the corner staircase at 90 with running elements instead of a transition platform. It will take up little space, since it has only one march, several steps act as the second. It is best to arrange the structure with a clockwise rotation.

Tools and materials

The choice of wood must be approached carefully.

First, why wood? Because only this raw material lends itself to self-fitting and design - in the process, you can make mistakes with calculations and correct inconsistencies very easily.

Secondly, it is a budget option for building material.

Thirdly, wooden houses require similar stairs - steel or concrete are incompatible.

As for the breed, it is important to choose hard varieties - beech, oak, larch.

Budget pine is allowed, but it is important to ensure that there are no inclusions of knots in the boards and timber, which makes the breed very sinful. A residential building is characterized by rapid activity - moisture, temperature changes, dry air. From this, the ladder will begin to deform to one degree or another and the knots will fall out of their places, creating a dangerous situation for the operation of the product. Before manufacturing parts, all wood is dried and impregnated with moisture-repellent and protective compounds from biological damage - mold, bug.

The required tools are known to every carpenter:

• hacksaw;
• electric jigsaw - it will help to gently round the edges;
• screwdriver;
• hammer or mallet;
• bit;
• square;
• level.

For the design of parts choose:

• support beam with a section of 100 mm or more (depending on height);
• edged board 50 mm thick;
• auxiliary beam with a section of 40 mm;
• fasteners: self-tapping screws, steel corners, anchors, screws, bolts;
• wood glue or epoxy.

Accessories should not cause complaints. It is better to select fasteners in anti-corrosion design - the difference in temperatures of building materials will create conditions for the occurrence of condensate, which is detrimental to both metal and wood.

Calculation of stairs to the second floor made of wood with a 90 degree turn

Before starting work, it is required to prepare a drawing, where all the components of the structure are scrupulously noted. To do this, use the calculation formulas or computer programs.

To draw up an accurate, verified design of a staircase with a 90 turn, it is important to know the following values:

• March width. It is important to proceed from your own wishes, however, it should not be less than 80 mm.
• The length of the projection of the stairway from the last upper riser to the corner of the central winder step.
• Step width. Minimum 120 mm.
• Step height. Maximum 220 mm.

The calculation for the actual dimensions of winder steps is carried out on graph paper. To do this, two rectangles are drawn, depicting marches with known parameters, converted to scale values, with a line passing through their centers. They are connected by an arc of a circle through which the radius of the central winder will pass. From it, the layout of the elements is performed, following the optimal and uniform width.

Example: a two-flight staircase with a long and short span of 8 and 2 steps, respectively. Winder steps in the amount of three pieces are located at an angle of 30?. The design has the following parameters: opening length - 2294 mm, width - 930 mm, height to ceiling - 2683 mm. Step length - 825 mm, width - 208 mm, riser height - 206 mm. It remains to indicate the actual dimensions of each part on paper and you can start cutting.

Sawing stringers

For the load-bearing parts of the stairs, a template is made - a right-angled triangle with the dimensions of the depth of the step and the height of the riser. It is cut out of plywood or use a square. They apply markings with a pencil, check with the rule - the thin part from the width of the board is not more than 15 cm - and cut out the excess.

It is better to use a jigsaw - it will carefully cut off the parts along the marked lines. The ends of the prepared boards are immediately sanded to prevent them from going into chips.

Installation of support poles

To fix the stringers, a 100 mm support bar is attached. The place of its installation is determined by the drawing. Most likely, it is located diagonally opposite the corner of the room. The beam is fastened with steel corners, anchor bolts or concreted into the floor - depending on the stage of construction of the house. In addition to a thick support, a bar with a cross section of up to 50 mm is used. It is used to make supports for a wall stringer and a base for laying winder steps.

Stringer fastening

Work begins from above, so that all the shortcomings fall on the bottom, where it will be incomparably easier to fix them. The stringers are attached to the ceiling with the help of steel corners, bolts or self-tapping screws. The lower part must be inserted into the support beam. To do this, a groove is hollowed out or cut out on it. Its dimensions are 2 cm deep, and the width and length are 1 mm less than the end. This is necessary in order for the kosour to enter tightly. For reliable fixation, a paste is prepared from sawdust and wood glue. It is put inside and knocked out with a kosour mallet.

The wall element is fixed similarly at the top, and from below it is fixed to a metal corner to a support of a smaller section, having previously sawn out the end for laying the winder. All work is carried out with the indispensable observance of the level, otherwise future steps will not lie parallel to the floor.

Making steps for stairs

Steps for marches are cut according to the template. These are the same elements and difficulties should not arise. Easy installation and winder steps. For them, a separate platform is purchased from boards or plywood and the steps are cut out according to the drawing - the lines come out of one corner. When all the elements are prepared, they are treated with protective compounds and varnished in several layers.

Assembling the stairs to the second floor with a turn

Unlike the fastenings of the supports, the steps are temporarily fixed from below - subsequently, after fitting all the details, the structure is disassembled and, after processing, laid again. They make a bowstring for the lower march - a board according to the principle of a kosour, but without coal cuts for laying steps. In the inner part of the wooden element, grooves are knocked out or sawn out, where the steps will be inserted.

The wall short bowstring is made in the same way as described above. The upper end of the outer string must reliably hide the end of the winder, and the lower end is cut off perpendicular to the floor for the subsequent installation of the riser. Having installed the first straight elements on self-tapping screws on the outside and adhesive paste on the inside, they proceed to laying the radius ones. They are fixed in the same way. Straight steps are laid, sawing grooves at the ends for inserting into the stringer. Before fixing on fasteners, all elements are glued.

The risers also lead from below. Inexperienced craftsmen make the mistake of making workpieces equal to a tight fit between steps. This is not necessary - the house will live a busy life, where moisture and steam are present. Swollen, the elements will be able to break the entire structure, or at least deform it. A 5 mm gap is enough to keep the ladder model strong for many years.

Fences and balusters

A significant role in the interior is played by decorative elements of the stairs - railings and balusters. They are bought ready-made. But if the master has golden hands, nothing prevents them from making them on their own.

Special attention to fastening: it is required to have balusters often - on each step. This will create additional support and safety for children and elderly homeowners. Besides, it's beautiful.

It is impossible to fasten the balusters to the steps with self-tapping screws - it is not reliable. It is better to use dowels - small wooden rods like dowels. For them, holes are specially drilled at the edges of the steps, which should be a couple of millimeters smaller than the rod. Before inserting the dowel, the hole is filled with glue or epoxy.

Holes are also drilled in the balusters themselves, moistened with a fixing compound, and the elements are put on wooden rods. The design is carefully knocked out with a mallet for better adhesion.

A cord or fishing line is pulled over the upper baluster and the support post. It is pre-blackened to make accurate marks on all decorative elements. All excess upper parts are cut off, keeping a parallel with the stringer - so, the fence will lie flat. The handrail is either put on the balusters and screwed with screws from below, or fixed from above, but then the fasteners will have to be puttied.

The finished staircase should be passed from top to bottom with a grinder or sandpaper and cleaned of fine chip dust. After that, they decide what kind of decoration with decorative compositions is required - usually, wooden surfaces are varnished, stained or painted if the quality of the material is not the best.

How to care for a wooden staircase

Wood is the most capricious building material and without proper care, the staircase will not serve its owners for a measured period.

What you need to know so that the operation of the turntable is reliable and long:

• Do not expose the structure to excessive moisture. Cleaning consists in wiping wooden surfaces with a damp cloth without the use of aggressive detergents - alkalis, solvents, acids. The final stage of cleaning will be wiping the surfaces dry with the addition of a special wax for furniture.
• It is important to create a ventilation balance in the house, since overdrying for wood is fraught with cracking and creating cracks for mold breeding and bark beetle larvae. In inconspicuous dark places, they breed with catastrophic speed.
• Eliminate all problems in a timely manner - sticking joints, unscrewing fasteners, loss of stiffness of steps and railings, creaking. Prevention is primarily important for the safety of the owners. If required, the structure is dismantled or the failed elements are replaced.

It is important to remember that the finished staircase will shrink, like any wood product. Therefore, it is not recommended to carry out independent installation immediately tightly - for 2-3 weeks the ladder should stand assembled "on the live".

Simple methods of preserving the original appearance of a wooden turning staircase will allow the home master to be proud of his own product for a long time. However, any staircase is a consumable home interior item and over time it will require replacement. This is important to remember if the owners are going to make a model from valuable breeds.

It often happens that the insufficient area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe premises in a private house simply does not allow the construction of an ordinary single-flight staircase to the second floor. We have to look for another solution - to divide the rise into two marches or fit a screw structure into the available space.

Or you can combine these approaches - the staircase will have two flights, but between them there is not a platform, but a section of the ascent of the spiral type, for the transition between straight segments. On this site, the so-called winder steps are mounted, which allow you to change the direction of the stairs. The design, of course, becomes more complicated, but the required compactness of the interfloor transition is achieved.

Can a winder staircase be built with your own hands? Yes, definitely. But in order to understand this issue, it is necessary to first consider what are the structures that have winder steps, learn how to calculate them.

Winder stairs

First of all, it must be said that steps are called winders, having the shape of a regular or irregular triangle and located almost always on the same support. Such steps can completely form the structure of the stairs or replace the platform between two flights in it.

Stairs with winder steps include several types of structures:

Such structures can be wooden, but it is acceptable to use metal in the frame, and it is also possible to choose a different angle of rotation of the steps. Projects of stairs leading to the second floor, namely of a running look, include such a feature as the fact that the structures are arranged in a circular type and are located almost continuously from bottom to top.

Naturally, the upper part of the structure is much smaller in width than the lower one. In this way, it is possible to replace the landing due to the steps, and save space.

Stairs with winder steps are of two types:

1. Rotatable at an angle of 90 degrees.
2. Swivel, in which the angles are 180 degrees.

It is quite possible to do it yourself, and the design and installation of such an interior item, but you should first familiarize yourself with the advantages and disadvantages so as not to be disappointed in the future.

Among the advantages are:

• The ability to reduce the area that is allocated under the stairs, so that it becomes more compact;
• A visual increase in the space of the room, which is required even for large-sized cottages, because there is not much space;
• Attractive appearance.

Among the shortcomings, experts note:

• Psychological discomfort that may appear when climbing a narrowing staircase;
• The complexity of installation, as well as calculations;
• Lack of comfort, but this is a personal matter for each person, since some prefer to equip stairs with a platform, while others do not;
• The presence of a risk of injury during descent, if the structure was installed illiterately, without complying with norms and standards.

Calculation and drawing of stairs with winder steps

To avoid unpleasant and emergency moments after the installation of stairs with winders, you should pay attention not only to their types, but also to how the calculations should be carried out.

It is this stage that is considered especially important, and it should be carried out as carefully as possible. The calculation is carried out when a drawing is created, both in section and integral.

When calculating the dimensions, you need to go through such steps as:

• Calculation of the depth along the outer edge of each step, which should not be more than 40 cm;
• Calculation of the average depth of each step, which is usually 20 cm;
• The choice of the height of the steps, which can vary between 12-22 cm;
• The choice of the maximum protrusion from the end of the treads, which does not exceed 4 cm.

Basically, the most popular staircase is L-shaped. It is easier to draw, and the installation will not be difficult.

To determine the size of such an object in the interior, you must also take into account all the nuances:

1. To increase comfort, you need to subtract their height (D) from the depth of the steps (C). Basically, it is 12 cm.
2. To ensure maximum security, you need the sum of C + D, which equals an average of 46 cm.
3. To calculate the optimal step, you need to sum up 2D + S, and this is approximately 62 cm.

Stair tread angles and design standards

The manufacture and installation of stairs, both with a rotary view and ordinary ones, is carried out exclusively in accordance with GOST and SNiP standards, which you need to familiarize yourself with first.

For stairs with winder steps there are special recommendations:

1. The maximum depth of the steps in the place where they adjoin the wall is 40 cm.
2. The minimum depth of steps where installation is carried out to the central frame is 10 cm.
3. The minimum allowable depth in the central part of winders should not be less than 20 cm.
4. The height of the steps should not exceed 12-22 cm.
5. Treads should not hang down by more than 4 cm.

If the staircase has a turn of 180 degrees, then there should be a special gap between the upper and lower marches no more than a quarter of the distance between the left and right edges of the treads. In height, the floors should not exceed a height of 2 m.

Convenient L-shaped staircase

Winder staircase designs and their features

The essence of the staircase, in which there are winders, is to exclude the platform from the design.

As well as:

• Replace it with steps;
• Make the interior more compact;
• Add comfort and convenience.

This is how they save space in private homes, and it is possible to equip even the smallest living quarters. Experts do not recommend making steps deeper than 40 cm. The closer the step is to the wall, the closer it will be to the central supporting part. Thus, it is possible to increase the radius of curvature of the steps, as well as save space.

With a tread depth of more than 40 cm, the depth of the central frame increases, and thus the structure becomes less safe, which is strictly prohibited. This can cause breakage of steps and even emergencies with consequences in the form of injury.

Winder stairs with steps of 90 degrees

Today you can find ready-made corner stairs, and of various types, types and heights.

Among rotary there are two popular types:

• With a turn of 90 ᵒ;
• With a turn of 180 ᵒ.

It is worth noting that when calculating the dimensions of the structure on your own, problems may arise with stairs that have a 90-degree turn. The form of seizures cannot be taken arbitrary, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the standards.

In this case, the product will be durable and safe, and it will also be possible to use the object as conveniently as possible and not worry about the consequences, which allows you to save all the features and the necessary standards.

Keeping track of how wide each element of the stairs has, you can eliminate the assumptions of problems and oversights. The increase in width from a narrow tread to a wide one should be carried out smoothly and without sudden changes. It is worth noting that the width of the horizontal surface on the largest of the steps should not be equal to a small staircase and should be at least 10 cm larger.

A staircase with a platform is one of the most convenient staircase designs. We will tell about the advantages of such a ladder in the material:.

Winder ladder with 180 degree turn

It is important to remember that if there are no certain skills for installing staircases, then it is advisable to choose the services of professional craftsmen in order to be 100% sure of safety and strength.

The main requirements for turning stairs with an angle of up to 180 degrees are:

• Compliance with the width of the turning steps along the edge of at least 40 cm;
• Compliance with the width of the turning step in the middle of at least 20 cm;
• Compliance with a turning radius of 30 cm.

Execution of all steps, including rotary ones, in one line.

Ladder with winder steps do it yourself (video)

Thanks to this, the staircase will look stylish, fashionable and, most importantly, comfortable. When purchasing stairs of a ready-made plan in a store, you need to clearly check the presence of all the necessary components and fasteners during assembly and installation.

Winder staircase design (photo in the interior)

The winder staircase drawing is in great demand in homes where comfortable, safe movement between floors is required, but there is no technical possibility of placing a direct structure. Such structures require special attention at the stage.

Scheme with the names of the elements of the winder stairs

Winder steps are widely used for the following types of stairs:

1. Screw. The most compact options for lifting structures. The recommended width of the overall opening is up to 3000 mm.
2. L-shaped. Devices with 90˚ rotation. They take up less space than straight marches or marching with platforms.
3. U-shaped. They have a rotation of 180˚, more compact than the previous version.
4. Curvilinear. They feature smooth turning lines. Winder steps (treads) are often used with the same parameters, which creates additional comfort when climbing.

The shape of the turning tread for such structures has the shape of a truncated triangle. Due to the compactness of the device is saved.

Winder steps can be located at the bottom, at the top, in the middle of the flight of stairs. For safe movement, the first two options are recommended. They have good visibility of the turning area, which allows you to orient yourself in time and change the position of the foot or step length.

Winder staircases are more difficult to implement than straight structures or with transition platforms. Therefore, drawings with incorrectly executed structures are often found.

And this not only reduces the comfort of movement, but also increases the risk of injury from a fall.

Basic requirements for winder ladders

Comfort and safety are the basic principles that any building construction must meet. The staircase is no exception. A number of the technical requirements presented are also typical for direct mid-flight structures:

All of the above characteristics and data will ensure the comfort and safety of movement between floors.

Advantages of running structures

The main advantages of winder stairs include:

1. Compactness. Often, a direct structure does not allow the area or dimensions of the opening to the second floor to be placed. In order to overcome these difficulties with minimal losses, winder steps are mounted in turning marches.
2. Aesthetics. adds a special charm to the interior of the house.
3. Saving materials. With an increase in the angle of inclination (steepness), the consumption of materials decreases somewhat.

The disadvantages include a decrease in the level of comfort and safety of movement. Running treads differ in size, you will have to adapt. Yes, and disperse on such a march is more difficult than on ordinary stairs.

Technical data for drawings

For the competent drawing up of a winding staircase scheme, it is required to take into account all the above standards, the dimensions of the premises and link them on the plan. To do this, proceed to the following steps:

1. Determine the location of the structure.
2. Appropriate measurements are taken: the width of the opening, the height from the finished floor of the first floor to the surface of the second floor.
3. Drawn to scale with detail. If there are openings, windows, ledges, niches in the place where the staircase will be mounted, they are marked on the drawing with reference to the walls and floor.
4. Choose the type of construction and building material for it.
5. Preliminary calculations are made for the number, height and depth of steps.

These data will help to make the right choice of design, which will ensure compliance with building codes.

Preliminary calculation of data

Knowing the height between the levels and the formula for comfortable movement, you can calculate the length of the flight of stairs, the number of expected steps. For example, the specified height between floors is 2600 mm. We choose the height of the degrees from the recommended range of 120 mm. Let's make all the calculations to build a drawing:

The example shows that it is better to revise the parameters of the steps. This will save a lot of space. For example, with a riser height of 150 mm, the tread depth will be 300 mm, and the length of the stairs will be 5,400. Which will save 3 square meters. m. usable area of ​​the house.

Drawings and methods for calculating winder steps

Taking into account modern realities and obtaining a quick result, you can use several ways to draw up a design diagram.

Project programs

The best option for design. There are softwares that, based on the drawing, issue a specification for sawn materials. This option is not provided. But after completing a detailed drawing, it will not be difficult to calculate the amount of material. The disadvantage of this method is the time spent on searching and mastering the software product.

Ready solutions

Drawings posted on the Internet allow you to choose the right option. But you should check them for compliance with technical requirements in order to protect yourself from someone's design illiteracy.

To do this, you can use online calculators or master one of the methods for calculating winder steps.

The main difficulty when working with such drawings is to fit a ready-made solution into the right space. You may encounter the fact that a window or ledge on the wall will be at the place where the stairs are mounted.

You will either have to adapt the design for, or look for another suitable option.

Online calculators

They will help to make calculations and issue recommendations for correcting the structure if it does not comply with building codes. Based on the received data, a detailed drawing is automatically generated. This is the easiest and most affordable way to develop drawings for individual sizes. But in the future, you should make a binding to .

Otherwise, the resulting design may close the window or doorway.

Proportion method

The main difficulty in the independent design of stairs with winders is the calculation of the number and development of the forms of rotary elements. Calculation using proportions. This method is suitable for stairs with a turn of 90˚, 180˚. First you need to draw a top view of the future structure, fitting it into the estimated area. Then perform a series of operations:

This is the easiest and most affordable way to build a drawing. There are three more methods: Danish, sweep and lift lines. The listed technologies are complex and require deeper knowledge of mathematical analysis. These methods require taking into account the horizontal and vertical curvature of the structure.

It should be noted that the drawing according to any of the above methods is performed with a certain degree of error. Therefore, even professionals adjust parts at the assembly site. A winder staircase is a more complex structure, so if you are not confident in your abilities, then it is better to entrust the calculation, design, installation to specialized enterprises.