How to make a small staircase Step-by-step instructions for self-manufacturing a wooden staircase. Total height of stairs

A staircase is a structural element that is a functional structure and an indispensable piece of furniture in every multi-storey private house. Depending on the features and purpose of the product, they can be made of different materials with different mounting technologies. Making a staircase for a summer residence with your own hands is not easy, but possible. And for this you will need building materials, a hammer and nails. To determine the type of structure, you need to consider their modifications.

What are wooden stairs for home and garden

Marching, very popular, are a straight staircase with a railing. The march consists of 8-10 steps, too long parts of the stairs make climbing tiring, and therefore they need to be divided into two parts by a small platform equal to two steps. This design is installed at an angle, allowing you to save space in the room.

Spiral staircases for summer cottages represent a wooden or metal rack with steps fixed to it, which are narrowed on one side and, thus, are attached to the rack. This form is less convenient, but saves a huge amount of space. For comfortable use, it is necessary that the central part of the step be 20-25 cm, and the wide one - no more than 40 cm.

Attention: this design will not be entirely successful for a room where the elderly and small children live. Be careful!

On the Bolts , it is an elegant and not bulky option for every home, it seems to be in zero gravity, the marches can be straight or curved. Fastening is carried out on the bolts, hence the name of the stairs. One side of the structure should be adjacent to the wall, where the load will be located. They can be made in two versions, screw connection with a bearing wall and installation of each step on metal supports that can rest against the floor, attached to the ceiling, suspending the entire product.

Mansard, installed in cases where there is an attic in the country house, and the total area of \u200b\u200bthe room is small. The tilt angle is 65 degrees, and therefore you need to rise and lower in the same position. This is both a dummy structure and a stationary one, depending on the wishes of the owners.

duck step, a universal staircase with unusual and rather comfortable steps. It can be completely screw, changing the direction of the march in any direction. Such products are characterized by the absence of special fences on the inside. It is used on interfloor transitions, to climb to the attic, to the basement. Versatile and very comfortable.

Combined models, which consist of several types of stairs, are complemented by screw elements supported by bowstrings or stringers. Such forms are very complex, require precise calculations and professional skills. The design takes up a lot of space, which is sometimes very important in small rooms. Therefore, combined stairs are less often installed in summer cottages, more in country houses and cottages.

We select materials for the installation of stairs in the country

For the manufacture of interfloor stairs, wooden blanks are required, which are subsequently fixed with various fasteners. Railings and decorative elements can be purchased ready-made, so that the design looks neat and luxurious.

Experts advise to adhere to the following recommendations:

Kosour (bearing element) and a bowstring should be made from a bar 50 by 250 mm, if the product is not bulky, then a minimum width of 150 mm is also suitable.
For the risers, wooden beams 25 mm thick will fit, of course, the more the better.
The treads are made from beams up to 40 mm thick.
Handrails and balusters are better to buy ready-made. So the staircase will look attractive and stylish.

Before you build a staircase in the country with your own hands, you need to make careful calculations and make a detailed drawing of the future design.

Product design features

It is important to consider several rules that will affect the functional use of stairs in the future.

If there are children under 3 years old in the house, then the distance between the railings should not exceed 10 cm, and between the steps - 12 cm. The optimal width will be 1.2-1.4 m.
Railings must be at least 90 cm in the presence of three or more steps. If the ladder attaches to the windows, then they must be closed with a special grill and protected from the structure.
Calculation of the load on the railing - up to 100 kg, and on the entire structure - up to 220 kg.
Radius of curvature - 30 cm.
The distance between the wall and the stairs is no more than 6 cm.
The steps should be comfortable, comfortable, not higher than 20 cm.
The distance between the ceiling and the stairs is 2 m.
The space must be well lit.

Such simple rules will help to make the staircase of high quality and efficient, and it will serve for the owners and guests of the house for a long time.

We make a careful design calculation

First, you need to accurately determine the width of the march. For example, 1.5 m. Secondly, we measure the height of the ceiling and, based on these data, indicate the length of the product (if the height of the room is 3 m, then the staircase should be 3.5 m.). Thirdly, we designate the length of the staircase to calculate the number of steps.

How to do it?

We measure the distance from the top step to the bottom step with a tape measure.
Having the length and height of the product (legs of a right-angled triangle), we are looking for the hypotenuse, which will be the length of the canvas of the finished staircase for giving.

Installation of a wooden staircase for a summer residence

If a screw structure is planned, then a rack is first installed, which should have special mounting perforated plates on both sides. Such a ladder is mounted with ceilings using anchors, then the steps themselves are installed (you can use nut or other threaded connections). Railings and handrails are mounted from the edges.

For the installation of a spiral staircase, 3 square meters will be required. m. of free space, if there are no such dimensions in the room, then it can be placed along the wall surface, necessarily mounting two marches and a turn. This form will be the most comfortable for movement. As a design solution, you can build mortise steps that will look interesting and original.

The flight staircase is more voluminous, and therefore requires more effort to install it. First, the kosuors are mounted using self-tapping screws, determining future marches. Next, risers are made, treads are installed. When the stairs for a private house and summer cottage are multi-flight, then you need to give space to an intermediate platform that will separate parts of the structure and make climbing more comfortable. After that, a fence, balusters, intermediate posts, extreme pillars are mounted, which are fastened with anchors on the main wall. And here is the railing - the staircase is ready for use.

Bolt products are based on metal pins, they are also attached to the steps with anchors that are screwed into the plates welded to the base of the fastening. The opposite side of the step is connected to the wall with squares and fasteners. You can also lay out parts in the form of plates that are pre-laid in the plane of the wall and will support the steps.

You can decorate all the stairs with various inserts, forged products, ready-made designer railings or handrails.

With your own hands, you can make inexpensive wooden stairs for summer cottages, easy to install, light and comfortable, requiring a minimum of effort and material costs.

Tips from professionals for installing stairs indoors

The best option for a two-story house would be stairs 0.9 m wide and up to 20 cm thick. For attic rooms - within 0.7 m. For "increased comfort" structures, the width can be up to 1.5 m.
If the cottage is made of wood, then it is advisable to make the stairs the same. The platform - two steps in size, length - not less than 1 m.
If there is a passage under the structure, the movement of people is expected, then risers must be mounted.
The height and width of the steps is indicated by the angle of inclination of the stairs.
The design for the attic is made from a bar 50 by 50 mm, the finished product is processed with protective equipment.
In the garage pit, it is better to make a metal base, a pair of profile pipes, 6 cm sheet metal jumpers and strong welding. It is important to make jumpers on the steps so that the shoes do not slip.
A staircase in the country can be built without a railing, but such a platform will be less safe and comfortable.

The design for moving to the second floor of your summer house is ready. You can varnish it, choose an original decor, make forged railings - and such a staircase will look luxurious, aesthetically pleasing, original, and most importantly - serve you well for many years!

Any garden plot is characterized by a shortage of free space. The explanation is simple - the owners are trying to make the most of every piece of land for planting fruit bushes, fruit trees and growing various crops, so country houses are mostly small.

Prudent owners solve this problem by building a second floor or a small attic, which, in principle, is the same in terms of functionality. This article is about how to build an internal staircase to the second floor with your own hands, so that it does not interfere in the house and does not create inconvenience when going upstairs - this article.

Stairs are divided into several types, each of which is represented by a number of modifications, depending on the features of engineering solutions and the materials used. The author does not aim to consider all the pros and cons of marching, screw and other models. The task is to choose the optimal design for giving.

If we take into account some points in relation to the garden house, it turns out that the requirements for the stairs to the second floor are more “rigid”.

A typical country house does not differ in large dimensions. Therefore, the constraint is felt in everything.

Requirement 1 - the staircase should be as compact as possible and located so as not to be a hindrance in the country house.

Most of the gardening work is done by older people. Also, the dacha is one of the places of rest for kids, many of whom in the summer either come to it with their parents, or live there for a long time with their grandparents.

Requirement 2 - the ladder must be safe in terms of movement.

Since it implies the construction of stairs with your own hands, the tool is used, as a rule, household. Yes, and all the necessary calculations of the design parameters are done independently, without the involvement of specialists.

Requirement 3 - for the construction of stairs to the second floor of the house in the country, it is advisable to choose the simplest model to design and implement.

Screw structures for summer cottages are not suitable due to the complexity of calculations and installation. The "duck step" and "bolts" options, although compact, are unsafe. The first - because of the steepness, the second - as not having a fence. The author analyzed all possible schemes and came to the conclusion that for a small cottage the best solution is a marching staircase with winder steps.

For example, this (as an option):

The reader may have a slightly different opinion, but hardly anyone will deny that it fully meets all the above requirements. We will figure out how to build it with our own hands, and without calculations using some particularly complex formulas. The following recommendations on standard sizes are quite enough to build a really reliable and comfortable staircase in a country house.

Almost all calculations of the dimensions of stairs of any kind are basically identical. Differences are only in some parameters, depending on the features of a particular design. If you understand the order and meaning of all arithmetic operations, then it is easy to independently draw up a drawing of any other staircase, based on the dimensions and layout of a particular house in the country.

Preparatory activities

Choosing a Stair Pattern

The simplest solution for performing individual technological operations with your own hands is on stringers. It will not take much time to build such a structure.

Material selection

Definitely - all blanks must be made of wood. And not only because the construction is done by hand, but it is much easier and more convenient to work with wood. It is possible to install a metal staircase in the house only after the building shrinks, and completely. And this process does not last less than 5 - 6 years, although manufacturers of some lumber (such as glued beams, rounded logs) deny this, reducing the time for completion of the house.

If the staircase turns out to be relatively small, then in the country house for the manufacture of its individual elements, you can also use sheet (slab) products - chipboard, FC, OSV, and the like. For the same steps, for example.

Separately, it is worth considering the issue of choosing a tree species. What is typical for most country houses? The answer is simple - no one permanently lives in them, especially in the winter. Therefore, significant fluctuations in humidity (and even excessive dampness inside) and temperature are a common phenomenon. Based on this, the author does not recommend purchasing hardwood for stairs, although they are cheaper. Even high-quality impregnation treatment is unlikely to protect the material from rotting and fungus for a long time.

But here, too, you need to think. The cost of spruce is low, but its structure is characterized by increased porosity. And this parameter of any material is directly related to another characteristic - strength. And the relationship is inverse. Therefore, for all the attractiveness of spruce for stairs, it is not suitable. Only pine or larch remains, if we focus on an acceptable combination of indicators such as quality and price. When choosing sheet or slab products, it is also advisable to purchase those products that are made on the basis of just such wood.

Board - "twenty".
Beam for supports - section 10 x 10.

From what to make racks and railings of the fence, it is not difficult to decide. For example, the same bar with a side of 5, processed accordingly (rounding edges, etc.). You can do anything with your own hands, as long as the safety of movement is ensured.

Calculation of the parameters of the stairs

It is produced individually, based on the dimensions of the cottage in the country, its layout and internal content (the amount of furniture, its placement, and so on).

Distance overlap - march

When calculating the height of the span, you need to focus on the average height of a person + a small margin. Therefore, between any step and the ceiling - at least 190. Therefore, it will be necessary to determine, based on the steepness of the march and the number of steps, what size gap needs to be made in the ceiling.

steps

The width of the runners should be the same. From the point of view of convenience and safety of movement, the optimal dimensions are: in the center - 20, narrow edge - 10, wide - 35 ± 5.
The height of all: 14 - 18. For stairs in private houses, there are other recommended sizes, but for giving, given the small dimensions of the building, this is quite enough.
Tread - its edge should not hang over the underlying step by more than 3 - 4.

General calculation formulas

a - step depth

b - riser height

For convenience: (a - b) = 12 - 15; 2b + a = 62±2 .
For safety: (a + b) = 46.

The photo shows some examples. You don’t need to pay attention to the dimensions, they are mainly for residential buildings. But in order to make the order of calculations more understandable, they are suitable.

March length

According to this parameter, it is necessary to focus on the steepness of the stairs. Taking into account all the requirements for its modification for giving, it is recommended to choose the angle of inclination in the range of 35 - 400. A flatter design simply may not fit in the house, and you will have to change the scheme. For example, on a two-march with a turntable. If you choose an angle of more than 400, then the stairs will turn out to be quite steep. For an older person, this is not the best option.

The length itself is determined by the triangle rule. In fact, the span itself is its hypotenuse. It is enough to draw up a plan of the house (on a scale), apply a ladder diagram to it (taking into account the height and width of the room), and perform arithmetic operations. Naturally, the march span will not stretch literally from wall to wall. It is necessary to make the necessary indents both for its upper part and for the lower part, where the running steps are located.

Ladder width

The recommendation for a country house is unequivocal - within 100 ± 10, since we are talking about a design with winder steps. This will provide both ease of movement and compactness of the stairs. It is unlikely that 2 or more people will simultaneously ascend / descend along the march, which often happens in a private residential building. Therefore, it is advisable to rely on one in the dacha in the country.

Number of steps

The initial data are the length of the march span and the parameters of the tread. If the numerical expression of the number of steps turns out to be fractional, then rounding is up to an integer value, up. Accordingly, in order not to violate the geometry of the stairs, the height of the last riser will have to be underestimated.

Mounting Features

Installation of stringers

The specifics of their fastening depends on what material the house in the country is built from. If the wall to which the staircase adjoins is load-bearing, then one central pillar and a small additional support for turning are enough. On it are the running steps. If it is impossible to fix the kosour on the base, they are mounted on supports.

Step installation

Nails should not be used for two reasons. Firstly, even with great experience, it is unlikely that it will be possible to hammer each fastener strictly vertically with respect to the surface. And any distortion of the part is fraught with the release of sharp metal tips to the outside. Secondly, any wood (especially overdried) is easily pricked. Therefore, only pre-drilling and fixing parts of the stairs with self-tapping screws or screws.

Installation of railings and racks (balusters)

Here at the discretion of the master. For example, yes.

It is worth recalling that the height of the fence should not be less than 80, and the distance between the posts is chosen so that the child cannot climb through this opening. That is, the main thing here is safety, and not the attractiveness of the design, the aesthetic component, a tribute to fashion, and the like.

Do-it-yourself manufacturing implies that the work is carried out not only independently, but also not according to a template. The main recommendations for the construction of stairs to the second floor, and it is in the country, are given. The rest is up to you guys.

Good luck in your work, reader, and an excellent result!

Country houses can have 1, 2 or 3 floors, it all depends on the financial situation of the owners. If funds are sufficient, a two-story house is being built - the area increases, but the place on the site is still the same. Any two-story house cannot be built without stairs. Usually stairs for summer cottages are made of wood, as the most suitable material for its manufacture. Such a staircase will fit into any interior and even decorate it.

The finished staircase meets all high quality standards. A huge number of modifications on the market allows you to choose an option for each house, even with a non-standard layout.

The advantage of finished stairs:

Low price. Large-scale production can significantly reduce the cost of models.
Quality straight from the factory. Quality raw materials are processed, and the entire production process does not involve human participation. This is a guarantee of the highest quality of all products.
Suitable for anyone. There are a huge number of types of stairs made of wood, among which you can choose the right one.
Always available in warehouses. In company stores you can always see live samples, get professional advice, which will help you choose the right model.
Convenient transportation. Finished products are packed in cardboard boxes, thanks to which transportation is possible by car.
Easy installation. You can assemble the ladder with your own hands, and you will not need the help of specialists. All designs are designed according to a special principle, which makes installation easy.

When choosing a ladder, you need to look at the free space in the house. Simple measurements will be required: determining the height from floor to ceiling, the size of the opening on the second floor.

A spiral staircase will look more original than a marching one. It in itself will be the central part of the entire interior.

When calculating the layout of the stairs, it is necessary to choose the average "parameters" of a person, the basis will be the height of the step. The most convenient step when descending and ascending in depth should be about 24-26 cm.

You can decorate the stairs and make it interesting with the help of finishing steps with wood. Let's talk about how to do this in the article:.

Designs of country stairs

The contemporary staircase market is teeming with abundance and great choice. Depending on the desire, you can purchase a ladder made of metal, wood, stone or glass. The main element of the ladder structure is the base, it is the main load.

According to the design features of the stairs can be divided into:

Screw;
Direct (marching);
rotary;
On stringers;
On the pains;
On strings.

Country stairs: types

Stairs are a serious engineering structure, which should ensure comfortable and safe movement of each resident and guest of the premises to the second floor. There are different options for stairs (simple and complex), different sizes and price categories (from economy class to premium).

There are three types:

March. The most common and easy to manufacture look. Usually consists of one or more marches, each of which is a rectilinear fragment with steps. A single-flight staircase will fit perfectly in a small country house.
Screw. The small area of the room implies a spiral staircase, which is a support rod. Steps spiral up around it. In terms of area, a classic spiral staircase is only rarely larger than 1 sq. m.
Combined. It is a curvilinear architectural structure in the form of an arc. It carries elements of a marching and screw type.

Combined options are usually built due to the ambitions of the designer or homeowners.

It should be remembered that the screw design is not suitable for a home where there are aged people or children. It can be dangerous for them.

One-flight options for pine stairs are the most budgetary solution for small cottages, and complex structures containing more than one type of wood are suitable for a mansion.

Children's summer horizontal bars and stairs

Country sports complexes containing a ladder and a horizontal bar are an excellent opportunity to interest a child in sports. They are easy to place in small areas: a yard near the house, or a summer cottage is suitable.

The advantages of such a complex:

You can teach your child to pull up and learn various exercises with the help of a horizontal bar;
Development of strength and agility, body shaping;
Ease and speed of installation of the complex itself;
Safety of occupations thanks to a strong and reliable framework from pipe profiles.

At first, until the child masters the complex and gets stronger, in order to do it on his own, parents should follow his training.

The best coating for the complex will be powder paint. It will prevent fading and reduce negative impacts on the structure itself.

The construction of the complex can be carried out independently at their summer cottage, you only need to draw up drawings. Such kits can contain trampolines with a net, pears with ropes and even a swing.

Suitable stairs to the country house

Country houses are usually empty in winter. There is high humidity, it is cold, the house is without heating. To build a staircase, you need to take into account these factors, thinking through the design and finish.

For country houses, ventilation is not so important, so the owners usually choose a closed staircase that has a riser.

To make the staircase ventilation better, it is made open, there is no riser. The structure itself is installed a little away from the wall.

When choosing a wood species for a structure, you should consider:

Pine;
larch;

Do not choose ash or beech: they will absorb moisture abundantly. It is worth refraining from stairs made of these materials in your country house.

Design: how to make a staircase yourself in the country

It doesn't matter if you have construction experience or not, the beginning of work contains calculations and design. The project should focus on being safe and creating the best conditions for movement.

There are several general project requirements:

The design must withstand a weight greater than the average weight of a person;
The staircase must have railings, their location is taken into account at the design stage;
Fences must have handrails and balusters;
The height of the structure should be calculated on the finishing floors of two floors;
The passage in height should be 1.9-2 m;
Internal stairs in width should be 0.9-1 m.

If there are children in the house, the staircase is not fenced with balusters, but with the help of a continuous “canvas”, the material of which is plexiglass or mesh.

For a three-story cottage, you need to install a staircase made of concrete or metal. This will ensure evacuation in the event of a fire.

If mistakes are made in the design process, the entire construction process will become an unnecessary waste of money and time.

Ladder in the country with their own hands (video)

Stairs are an integral part of any multi-storey building, as well as interior decoration. Entrance stairs are both an element of the building and a decorative object. Stair structures are placed in houses and cottages, on the slope and in the courtyard of a country house, and a kitchen-living room with a staircase is also very popular now. Everyone can choose the best option for themselves.

Detail: stairs to the cottage (photo examples)

Some people believe that the manufacture of stairs is a very complex and time-consuming process and it is better to entrust it to professionals. Perhaps they are right, but in fact, with a little free time, desire, a small set of tools, you are able to install the stairs yourself. Well, so that you do not get confused and do not go astray when building stairs in your private house, we have prepared this article.

Types of stairs

According to their design, stairs are divided into many types and subspecies. Before you start building stairs to the second floor, you need to decide on its type, because their classification is based on many features:

according to their purpose, they are divided into the main ones, which are used regularly in everyday life; auxiliary (these include ladders for the roof, service and emergency ladders). There are also front stairs, garden and park stairs, moving (escalator);

depending on location distinguish between internal stairs, street stairs, intra-apartment and intra-house;
according to the material used distinguish: wooden (from oak, pine, beech, larch, ash, cedar), concrete (mainly stairs are made from this material in most residential and industrial premises), reinforced concrete, brick, metal, forged, rope, glass and plastic, from natural and artificial stones; there are also various combined options;
stairs are subdivided by design type: kosour, bowstring, on the bolts, cantilever stairs (soaring stairs), modular;
by the presence of a riser distinguish between open, closed and semi-closed stairs;
by the number and configuration of marches stairs are divided into single-flight, multi-flight, rotary (you can make U-shaped, L-shaped stairs and spiral interfloor stairs as rotary);

depending on the form distinguish between straight, winder steps and steps called "goose step".

A staircase with your own hands can become a home decoration and a source of pride. Its creation is a very exciting process, and determining the type of stairs you want to make is the most initial and very important stage of construction, which will help you most fully form an idea of how the whole structure should look like.

The main components of the stairs

The main details of the stairs will largely depend on what type of structure you have chosen for the structure.

A very interesting and quite budgetary option for stairs can be a staircase made of logs in a country house or in a private house in the village. In this example, we will try to analyze all possible combinations and options for the necessary elements of the stairs.

List of required items:

staircase frame - a do-it-yourself log staircase can be made on a metal frame (not quite a budget option due to the high cost of metal), but this option is rarely used due to the fact that a log staircase will look most harmonious when using wooden stringers, in addition, it is also possible design option on the rails using railing posts and steps as a supporting structure;
steps - for the stairs themselves, logs will be used, they must first be cut in half, it will be more convenient to do this with a circular saw;
mid-flight spans and turning platforms separating them;
railings - various options are possible, both wooden, forged, metal, and combined, it all depends on your design decisions;
balusters - racks for railings;
riser - the use of a riser in this version of the stairs is not advisable.

Requirements for the design of stairs

During the construction of stairs, it is necessary to adhere to the standards developed and specified in GOST and SNiP. Particular attention should be paid to the following indicators:

a flight of stairs, if it is not observed, the staircase may turn out to be too steep;

, necessary for a comfortable ascent or descent, the most optimal width of the steps (tread) is the width sufficient to fully accommodate the foot on it;
(riser) - a very important parameter, following which you can reduce the load on many muscle groups and make it easier to climb / descend;

also a very important parameter is the size of the opening in the ceiling, because it also determines how comfortable it will be to climb the stairs, especially for tall people. With insufficient opening, going up or down the stairs, a person will be forced to bend over so as not to hit his head.

Assembly and installation instructions

Probably the most important thing when installing stairs with your own hands is a step-by-step instruction, because in order not to miss even the slightest detail, you must have an exact plan of action. There are many different examples in which people, believing that “it will work out for me” or “and so it should hold, where will it go”, eventually they are faced with the fact that the constructed staircase is simply not suitable for use and, in order to correct the admitted mistake, most often you have to redo a lot or even start all over again.

After all, your task is not just to make a staircase so that it is, it is necessary to make an integral part of the house that will serve for a long time, reliably and become part of the interior, so speed in these matters is not an assistant.

Below we will analyze the main points that you need to pay attention to:

preparatory stage (to determine the materials used, form and location);
calculations (the most important stage in technical terms, without which, you risk making many mistakes that will lead to the impossibility of using the stairs in the future);
installation and installation;
stage of processing, design, finishing.

How to make a staircase to the second floor of glass

The staircase to the second floor made of glass is probably one of the most unusual and interesting versions of the staircase. Such a staircase looks very easy in the interior, a huge plus is that it can, both be completely invisible, and be a key element of the interior with the right design and lighting.

A glass staircase is probably almost the only type of staircase that is difficult to make yourself without the help of professionals.

Most of the stairs can still be done independently, depending on the type of design chosen:

on a metal frame;
on the pains;
cantilever staircase.

More detailed information about each type of construction can be found on our website.

The most difficult and crucial moment is the preparation of glass steps and railings. The thing is that in order for the glass to be strong enough and withstand the necessary load, it must go through the stages of hardening and gluing in order to ensure maximum resistance to possible loads. In terms of reliability, such a ladder is not inferior to analogues made of wood and metal.

The thickness of the glass steps may vary depending on the project, but it should not be less than 19 mm.

At first glance, it may seem that the glass will be slippery and such a staircase can be dangerous, for this the steps must undergo special treatment, the surface is made a little rough and a special coating is applied to it, which prevents slipping.

It is dangerous to use glass stairs outdoors. From moisture or frost, the glass will be very slippery and this can lead to falls and injuries. It is also not recommended to use such a ladder in indoor areas with high humidity.

How to make a wrought iron staircase at home

Forging is the most beautiful and elegant material for stairs. Wrought iron stairs quite often attract the eye, creating a feeling of a truly royal interior.

Wrought iron stairs are used not only indoors, very often they are installed on the veranda, terrace.

Creating a forged staircase with your own hands in most cases is only possible using the "cold forging" technology. For hot forging, a special hearth (furnace) will be needed to heat the metal. In financial terms, hot forging is a more expensive method and is not feasible for small-scale production at home for one's own needs.

Consider the technology of cold forging. Although it is cheaper than hot, it also requires an additional tool. In the simplest version, a vice, a gas wrench, a hammer are needed, but with such a set of tools it is difficult to create many of the same type of parts for the stairs. To do this, you need to use a specialized tool:

snail - with its help, it is possible to make a spiral from a rod with a diameter of up to 12 mm;

bending - allows you to bend the bar both in an arc and at a certain angle;

flashlight - with its help it is possible to make artistic elements, such as lighting lanterns and baskets from a bar (up to 16 mm for a square section and up to 30 mm for a round one);

wave - skipping a round or square bar, you can get a sinusoidal element. Dimensions are set individually;

twister - the bar on the equipment can be bent around the axis several times. Outwardly, it resembles a flashlight; it works with the same diameter of workpieces.

After all the elements have been given the necessary pattern and bend, a welding machine is required to connect all the elements. At each point where the elements are connected to each other and to the frame, it is necessary to make small spot seams so that, if necessary, it can be torn off and made changes. After the railing is assembled, all connections should be thoroughly boiled, cleaned and processed.

How to make a wooden staircase in the country?

The warmest material for stairs is wood, it brings additional warmth to the cozy atmosphere of the house. Wood is probably the most malleable material with which you can make stair elements in a variety of shapes and styles, from classic rectangular and strict to carved, with various curves and shapes.

Before proceeding with the manufacture of stairs, it is necessary to carry out full calculations of all parameters, the width of the stairs, the height of the steps, the angle of inclination of the stairs and, of course, determine the type of structure. You also select the type of wood that will be used for the stairs.

When making a house from a log house, you will have to go through the following steps for installing a log staircase:

Rounded logs will act as stringers in this staircase. First, in the logs, it is necessary to prepare semicircular recesses of the same diameter as in the logs used for the steps.
Steps are available in two versions. Sawing a log into two identical parts in half, we get two steps. Or you can make a sample in the middle of the log in such a way that the log remains round at the edges, and flat in the middle. It is necessary to provide that this flat part is so wide that two people can pass on the stairs.

The final step in the installation of any wooden staircase is wood processing. Wood is prone to decay, destruction is possible due to the formation of mold or insects, and a fire of wood is also a very dangerous moment, to eliminate all of the above points, it is necessary to treat the wood with antiseptics and flame retardants. Please note that some elements need to be processed before you fully assemble the stairs, because some parts will then be inaccessible, as they will overlap each other, such as notches on the stringers.

We have given a variant of the simplest single-flight log staircase. Depending on the features of the building, the height of the ceilings, the space for the stairs, there are many options for stairs, with turntables, spiral ones. Wooden stairs also do not have to be log or carved. Depending on the design, there are many modern options for wooden stairs, which, in their uniqueness, can compete with glass stairs.

How to build a concrete staircase at home

If you decide to build, then this design will be the most durable, reliable and will last longer than its counterparts from other materials. Durability and strength are achieved subject to all building standards, both in terms of the size of the stairs (so that the spans are not too long, sagging, without proper reinforcement), and in terms of using quality materials in the right proportions.

With a properly built-in structure (staircase formwork), it is possible to build a wide variety of stairs - from classic straight single-flight or corner stairs to round (spiral). It is also possible to build stairs according to an individual design project with the craziest forms.

Consider the step-by-step construction of a staircase in a private house with your own hands:

As we wrote earlier at the initial stage (during the design stage), in order to achieve the required structural strength, it is necessary to perform all calculations according to the selected type of stairs. The main thing to remember is that any non-standard staircase requires careful attention to the calculations.
At the next stage, it is necessary to prepare the formwork, the formwork design must be strong, so special attention should be paid to the materials used. Boards or plywood from 20 mm are best suited, beams for supports of at least 50x100 mm. In the case of semicircular staircase elements, it is better to use a thin sheet of metal, it is strong enough, will not break under the weight of concrete and is quite elastic to give the steps a rounded shape. The weight of 1 m 3 of concrete is 2-2.5 tons. This must be remembered when selecting materials for formwork. The connection of formwork elements is best done using self-tapping screws.

The reinforced frame gives additional reliability to the stairs, the presence of which is mandatory in order to avoid the appearance of cracks in the concrete, the presence of which can lead to the collapse of the entire structure. The metal frame is formed from reinforcement with a diameter of 10-12 mm. It is important at the stage of pouring the floor and ceilings at the joints with the stairs to leave protruding reinforcement to connect it with the metal structure of the stairs.
Finally, the pour stage. The quality of concrete must be at least B 15 (the quality of cement is at least 400), it is allowed to use special stabilizers and water repellents that increase the strength of concrete. It is necessary to fill the entire staircase at once. If there are a large number of marches, the fill should be divided into spans.
After pouring, it is required to remove all air bubbles from the concrete. To do this, you need a special vibration tool. It plunges into the already poured concrete, under the action of vibration the air will come to the surface, this increases the strength of the concrete, eliminating porosity.
In conclusion, the concrete must harden and become more durable, for this it is necessary to periodically moisten the concrete, in hot weather the stairs must be covered with a film to slow down the evaporation of moisture. If this is not done, cracks form, due to the fact that the concrete dried faster than it hardened. After 20-30 days, the concrete will gain the necessary strength, after which the film and formwork can be removed.

Do-it-yourself metal staircase in a cottage

We have already considered one of the types of metal stairs above (forged stairs), in this section we will consider a simpler version of building stairs to the second floor from metal.

Of course, from this material it is possible to build not only a simple staircase, but also the most unique, it all depends on your project and your abilities. We, in turn, will try to describe as clearly as possible all the actions that you will need to perform so that you get exactly the staircase that you intended.

As with the construction of any staircase, at the initial stage you need to make all the calculations according to the chosen staircase option. Depending on the type of construction, dimensions and calculations, you should choose materials for your future stairs.

In this article we will tell you about a simple single-flight metal staircase.

The stringer for the stairs will be made of a channel or a rectangular pipe 80x100 mm. Two channels must be placed on edge at a distance according to the design width of your stairs.

If the flight of stairs needs to be made long, then it is necessary to install retaining pillars.
Next, it is necessary to weld fillies to the channel, which can be made from a channel of the same size, the fillies to the channel must be mirror welded.
In the future, steps will be laid on the filly made earlier, which can be made of various materials depending on your interior and the place where the stairs are used.

Painting and decorating stairs

Once you have completed the construction of the stairs, your task is to ennoble the staircase according to the interior of your home.

You can start finishing the concrete stairs without any intermediate steps. There are many variations in the design of a concrete staircase, the most common options are:

wood stair trim- it can be either laminate or solid wood. Using wood to finish a concrete staircase, you can achieve such results that upon completion of the work it will be difficult to understand that the staircase was originally concrete.

Stair painting- it will be necessary to putty the entire staircase for painting in order to achieve a smooth surface, in this embodiment it is better not to putty the steps themselves, but to paint immediately, because under the load when walking, the putty will fly off the steps along with the paint.

Tiled stairs- there are many options for tiles: ceramic, porcelain stoneware, clinker. The choice of tiles largely depends on the location of the stairs and the environment (should the tiles be frost-resistant, anti-slip, etc.).

Home-made forged stairs and stairs, made of metal, need to be additionally treated with a primer before they can be painted, this is due to the fact that the metal is susceptible to corrosion and it is necessary to prevent the formation of rust and destruction of the metal.

Wood and log stairs are most often treated with a clear varnish to preserve the grain of the wood, but whatever you paint your wood stairs with, you should also treat it to prevent mold, mildew, or insects from forming.

A glass staircase requires minimal processing, although a lot depends on the version of such a staircase. If the staircase is made on a metal frame, then it must also be processed, as described earlier.

A country house can be one-story or have 2-3 floors - much here is determined by the financial situation of the owners. Usually, if there are enough funds, people prefer to build a two-story house - there is more usable area, and it takes up the same amount of space on the site as a one-story building or a little more. The construction of any two-story house will not do without stairs. Wood is one of the most suitable materials for its manufacture. A wooden staircase will suit any interior and become its decoration. Wooden stairs for summer cottages today can be ordered from specialized companies or made independently.

The main types of stairs are, of course, mid-flight and rotary. Straight stairs are marching structures, they are the easiest to assemble, but they take up a lot of space, so this option is more suitable for a large house.

Marching staircase with risers and interesting railings made of timber, mesh and metal rungs. Side supports are used little, their lack is compensated by the use of a grid. The hall on the first floor is spacious, the use of a flight of stairs is quite appropriate here.

The turning staircase is compact, it can be spiral and mid-flight. Installing a turning staircase saves space, especially screw structures, but the downside is that it is not easy to make them yourself.

Spiral staircases look much more original than mid-flight ones, such a staircase in itself is the central detail of the interior, but for its manufacture you need to involve specialists

The main stages of the construction of the stairs

Work begins on the creation of stairs already with the choice of material. Pine, beech, birch, ash, oak - wood species that are best suited for this - they look beautiful in the interior and are durable in operation. Oak stairs are the most expensive and durable, but pine is a relatively inexpensive material with good characteristics.

Stage # 2 - carrying out calculations and drawing up drawings

Before you start designing, you will need to calculate the dimensions of the stairs and make a drawing of it. For the house, you can make a stringed staircase with risers, balusters and railings. We will consider how to build a staircase without turns with a single-flight rise.

First you need to prepare a place for installation. If you neglect this moment, the stairs may not be installed correctly, with time there will be a creak, gaps. Irregularities of the floor and walls entail an incorrect distribution of the load, which leads to deformation of the structure.

Knowledge of the basic norms is necessary to make the necessary calculations. The ideal rise angle of the march is 45 degrees, but if there is not enough space, it can be reduced to 30-40 degrees.

Scheme of construction of a wooden marching staircase with risers. The simple design can be used both indoors and outdoors when building a porch.

Then you need to calculate the length of the stairs. Here you have to remember the school geometry course. The formula for calculating the hypotenuse of a right triangle will help you: c \u003d √ (a2 + b2). Here c - will be the length of the side bases, a - the height from the floor to the second floor, b - the distance between the point where it is planned to place the first step to the second floor mark, which will need to be projected onto the floor.

Depending on the height and internal structure of the house, the stairs can be single-flight or double-flight. The height of the risers is 290 mm. The width of the steps is no more than 25 cm, 3 cm goes to the ledge. If the steps are high, or the number of steps in the march exceeds 18, you can make a small platform (700/1000mm). The width of the march should not be less than 80 cm, ideally it should be one meter.

According to the established standards, the height of the railing is from 90 cm to a meter. It will be much easier to work if you indicate all the necessary calculations on the drawing of the future staircase.

Stage #3 - preparation of tools and organization of work

Tools and materials that will be needed for work: a meter, a marking pencil, a hammer, a square to mark stringers, a hacksaw, boards for steps, risers, stringers, screws, nails, railings and balusters.

First, the side bases are made. We measure the angle of contact with the floor from the bottom edge of the board, draw a horizontal line. From the line with a square, we measure the width and height for each step to the top, then measure the angle of contact with the 2nd base. Do the same for the second board. We cut out the patterns with a hacksaw, fix them in the right place with the help of screws.

The next step is sawing and nailing the risers to the base. They should fit to the stringers without distortions, perfectly even. After the base is completed, you can mount the steps.

Steps can be made from a solid board or two narrow boards 15 cm wide can be used. What you choose is up to you, but the tree must lie firmly, evenly. Boards are fixed with screws and nails

Stage #4 (optional) - installation of railings and fences

Railings are an important part of any staircase, they make the ascent and descent safe, and perform a decorative function, giving completeness to the staircase structure. A simple option that will look good is a beam railing. We cut out meter balusters. Two balusters will be direct supports, the rest need to be filed and shortened by 5-10 cm at an angle of 45 degrees. The side supports are nailed to the steps, grooves can be cut into them. A bar is placed on top, which acts as a handrail.

Options for stairs for summer cottages: 1 - mid-flight with risers, 2 - without risers, 3 - rotary structure, 4 - light wooden staircase, 5 - light wood and metal spiral staircase, 6 - spiral staircase with steps along the supporting column

If you want to create an original staircase, the railing can be made from a different material - order forged railings, metal or even tempered glass for a wooden staircase. Carved details will also give an attractive look to the stairs.

Revolving staircase made of wood and metal. Wrought iron railings and metal supports are perfectly combined with wooden steps.

Marching staircase with a small platform. The site will be convenient with a large number of steps. A staircase without classic risers looks lighter. The design looks aesthetically pleasing, despite the simplicity

The stairs may be without railings, but this option is not common - it is dangerous for children to walk on such a ladder, to carry bulky objects up.

If you wish, you can make a staircase without a railing - for example, like this staircase-cabinet, where the space under the stairs is used to good effect - in such a kind of cabinet you can place dishes and other small things, and the design as a whole looks very original

Here is such a simple staircase will turn out if you follow these instructions. The design is ready, and if you cover it with varnish, skillfully choose the decor, then it will look attractive and aesthetically pleasing, despite its simplicity.