Do-it-yourself stairs to the attic floor. Design options for stairs to the attic. Products with turns - platforms and winder steps

The attic is a room in which you can not only store things, but also live. To get to attic floor you need to have a ladder. Many people use ladders. But, if the room is used as an additional room for living, then you should think about a reliable and safe stairs. It can be made of wood or metal. The designs of attic stairs are different.

Any home owner tries to use the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe housing correctly. Many people think about saving space, especially if the house itself is small. The attic staircase should be not only comfortable, but also safe.

There are houses on the first floor of which there is a bathhouse, and on the second floor there is a residential floor. The attic staircase, in this case, can lead directly to the bathhouse, that is, down, and then back to the residential attic floor. It is convenient and practical.

The stairs should not create a large shadow. When designing stairs, it is necessary to take into account the safety of the structure.

The sloping design of the stairs will take a large number of area, but it is the most convenient for operation. A steep staircase is less convenient than other types of structures. It's hard to climb it.

Types of attic stairs:

• Marching;
• Screw.

Marching stairs are the most convenient and safe. Their design is simple and practical. It is possible to independently design and build such a staircase leading to the attic floor. For their construction, stringers, two supporting bowstrings, bolts are used. To save space, use stairs with two marches. Between them are landing or running steps. These types of stairs are used if there is not much free space in the house. Single-march structures take up more space than two-march structures. But, under them you can build utility room or closet to use the remaining space.

Spiral staircases are rarely used as attic stairs. They are difficult for self-design and erection. You can purchase a compact spiral staircase in a specialized store or make it to order. The staircase will be ready, the owner only needs to assemble it using the instructions.

Wooden stairs to the attic in a private house: types of spans

Increase living space possible due to the attic floor. This room can be used as a guest room, bedroom, playroom. When arranging the attic floor, it is necessary to pay Special attention on how it will be lifted. Wood is ideal for making stairs. It is possible to independently make a staircase to the attic, using a minimum amount of equipment, tools and materials.

For the manufacture of stairs, solid and durable wood species are suitable: pine, oak, yew, larch, ash.

It is important to correctly identify the area for ladder construction to conveniently organize your living space.

Types of wooden flights of stairs:

• straight;
• Single-march (with 1-2 turns of 90 degrees);
• Two-march (with a turn of 90 and 180 degrees);
• Screw (with a support column);
• Circular (mine in the middle).

Straight stairs without turns are installed at a certain angle. The width of the steps is 30 centimeters, and the depth of the steps is at least 27 centimeters.

Stairs with turns take up much more space than straight ones. Can do required height or step width. The width of the passage can be 50-100 centimeters. If there is no winder platform, winder steps are installed. They usually have the shape of a trapezoid.

Convenient staircase to the attic with your own hands: stages of work

To make a staircase yourself, you need to determine its position and type of construction. Based on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house, choose the position of the stairs. If the house has a small amount of free space, you should choose simple designs stairs. It can be a straight line without turns, or a staircase with two flights. Such options are optimal, convenient and practical, as they take up a small amount of space. If the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house allows, then you can build a staircase with turns or a spiral one.

Screw structures are the most complex, so you need enough knowledge and practice to make such a staircase with your own hands.

Stages of work:

• Determine locations for future stairs;
• Create a sketch;
• Make calculations and draw up drawings;
• Prepare necessary materials and tools;
• Make elements of the stairs;
• Install stairs.

To make a ladder, you need to make calculations and make a drawing. First you need to determine the height of the rise, the width of the stairs, its steepness and the size of the hatch.

It is necessary to accurately determine the width of the tread. This parameter affects the entire structure of the stairs.

The stairs leading to the attic should be not only beautiful, but also safe. Be sure to use handrails and guardrails. These elements provide safety and comfort during the operation of the stairs.

How to make a staircase to the attic: we make the necessary calculations

Compact attic ladder can be used in private wooden house built in a country house. A convenient staircase can lead to the attic. It can be not only wooden, but also metal. For example, a metal folding ladder from the manufacturer "Farko" is not only compact, but also safe.

In order to make an attic staircase, it is necessary to calculate its dimensions. If it will be built spiral staircase, you need to take care of its compactness.

Main dimensions:

• The width of the step must be at least 300 mm;
• Riser height from 150 mm;
• March width 800-1000 mm;
• The slope of the stairs should be between 20 and 45 degrees.

Based on these standards, you can correctly calculate the dimensions for the stairs being built.

It is worth considering the size of the opening, which is in the attic. The width of the staircase itself depends on the size of the openings. If the opening is not provided during construction, then it is worth making it right size or build an external staircase leading to the attic.

Wooden outdoor staircase to the attic: pros and cons

The location of the stairs plays a big role. It can be located in the living room and lead to the attic floor. Or lead from the first floor to the attic.

If there is not enough space in the house, you can use the outside stairs to get to the attic.

Positive features of the outdoor stairs:

• Saving space inside the house;
• Possibility to enter the upper floor from the street.

Outdoor stairs are made of wood, metal, concrete, stone. Optimal material- wood. It is resistant to external environment if its surface has been treated and varnished. But, there is a small minus: in winter you will often have to clean such a staircase. In the country often use wooden attic stairs. Usually, the room is not used for living, but for storing things. This ladder can be used as needed. If its design is attached, it can be stored indoors. This type of stairs is used to access the attic, but is not the safest.

An outdoor staircase is convenient in that if a person who comes home late lives on the attic floor, he will not disturb the others with his arrival.

If you live in a five-story cottage, then the outer staircase will be a salvation. Several neighbors can live in one house. In order not to climb every time inside the house and not disturb the neighbors, you can attach your own ladder.

This staircase is subject to precipitation that may accumulate on it. This problem can be solved by constructing a protective canopy.

Sliding stairs to the attic floor in a multi-storey building

In some high-rise buildings there are attics available for use by residents. You can make access to the attic from your own apartment. Initially, you need to determine the location of the stairs. If the layout of the apartment does not allow you to put a permanent staircase, in this case you can use a sliding one. It can be used if needed. The device of such stairs allows you to save space in the apartment. The manufacturer "Fakro" offers big choice sliding stairs with a hatch.

Before you buy a sliding ladder, you must:

• Make a calculation;
• View finished samples on the website of the manufacturer (shop);
• Choose the design of the future structure;
• Order the right size.

Sliding stairs save not only space, but also do not violate the interior of the apartment. Stairs of this design are compact, safe and durable.

Due to this design of the stairs, it is possible to easily and without leaving your own apartment to penetrate from the fifth floor to the attic. It can store things and furniture that is not currently used, or equip a separate room.

Compact stairs to the attic: attic structures

Many people use folding loft ladders to save space in their home or cottage. Ladders from the manufacturer "Fakro" have robust design. They are made using a specific design, quality wood and metal. Their design is easy to use.

Models with a hatch have a door that closes tightly and is insulated. The door provides secure closing, so cold air will not come from the attic to the house.

How to make a staircase to the attic with your own hands (video)

Attic stairs should be safe and comfortable. Then you should pay attention to its design. First of all, you need to calculate correct dimensions and determine its location in the house. The comfort of people who will use the attic floor depends on the position of the stairs. Therefore, the convenience of the residents of the house depends on what the staircase will be in design and where it will be installed.

Ideally, an external or internal staircase to the attic in the country house should be planned at the stage of drafting the house, especially if the structure will be built from the street. In this case, it will be possible to place it in the most suitable place, think over and take into account all the pros and cons. But in practice it often happens that the stairs have to be completed later. Let's figure out what to do in such cases.

Do-it-yourself staircase to the attic - preparation and planning

It often happens that over time, the owners of the house decide to complete or equip the attic. And here the first and most important obstacle arises - the ascent to the top. It is quite difficult to plan and make a staircase in an already finished house, but still possible. A good result will be facilitated by patience, the presence of some knowledge and skillful hands, and, well, small carpentry skills.

The first problem in the question "How to make a staircase to the attic?" - its location. Here it is worth considering the available free space. Only based on the presence or absence of an area under the stairs, you can determine its type, location and other points, which we will discuss in this article. Also, do not forget about the comfortable entrance to the attic floor.

Basically, the internal staircase in a house with an attic is made of wood, less often of metal.. The best option is a combined staircase (a frame is made of metal, and steps are made of wood). For her, you only need to select quality materials. The wood must be hard rock. The best varieties for steps are oak, beech and maple. But it is expensive, therefore, in order to reduce the cost of construction, cheaper wood is used, covering the outer, most vulnerable corners with plastic or metal corners.

Having decided on the place and material, we proceed to create a drawing. Buying material and starting construction without fixing all your plans on paper is unforgivable mistake. Only clear planning and calculations will ensure a good result. For the most correct drawing you need:

• take measurements;
• take into account the height and width - with the right ratio, even compact stairs to the attic will be comfortable;
• consider the angle of inclination - the design should not be too flat and too steep. Permissible angle tilt 20-45 degrees, the ideal slope is somewhere around 30-35 degrees;
• calculate the size and number of steps. It is believed that there should be an odd number of steps. In this case, the ascent and descent will be most comfortable - one leg will start the movement, and the other will finish.

Only after the drafting of the project can the material be purchased. Remember that before you start working with a tree, he needs at least three days to "take root" in the house. Thus, the tree gets used to the temperature and humidity of the room, and also takes its final shape.

Types of stairs to the attic - convenient and economical!

Options for stairs to the attic are quite numerous. Based on the needs, possibilities and taste, you can create your ideal and unique design. It is worth adding just a little creativity, and the attic staircase will turn into a highlight of the house. She, for example, can originate from the hallway or living room and, mysteriously wriggling, go somewhere far away, dragging the curious glances of the guests at home. Consider the most traditional types.

• Spiral staircase. Perfectly emphasizes the style of the room, gives it an atmosphere of pomposity and high cost. It takes up little space, the steps go in a circle. Suitable for small spaces with low ceilings while visually elongating the room. Made from the most different materials. Self-assembly of such a ladder is not very easy, any mistake in the calculation can lead to deformation of the entire structure. Not very practical and comfortable staircase for frequent use.
  
• A folding staircase to the attic - like a spiral staircase, takes up a minimum of space. It happens sliding, folding and folding. The best option, if the question is acute, how to place the stairs to the attic - in this case this can be done even in the complete absence of space for the structure. Suitable for entrance attic space and in small country houses.
• Marching staircase. Among all the options, this staircase is the easiest to manufacture and is chosen for installation most often. Differs in the increased comfort. In turn, it can be straight and rotated by 90 or 180 degrees. For turns, winder steps or platforms are chosen.

The device and dimensions of the stairs to the attic - do it yourself

Consider the device of the flight ladder - for self-assembly this option is the best. Safety and comfort are the main points in the design of the device. Therefore, at the planning stage, special attention is paid to the slope of marches, lighting, fencing and dimensions.

In the design, it is important to correctly calculate the ratio of height and width. There are even special formulas with which you can calculate the optimal step, convenience and safety. Traditionally comfortable height the riser (the vertical separating the steps) is considered to be 18 cm, but it can vary from 15 to 19 cm. The width of the step can be 20-32 cm, 30 cm is considered the most comfortable. The width of the stairs should be at least 80 cm, preferably 1 meter.

According to the method of fastening the steps of the stairs, there are:

• on stringers. This method is a fastening of the step from below to the gear elements. Least hard way the buildings;
• on strings. This is the fastening of steps between two wooden beams resting on the floor and ceiling. The structure is fastened with metal rods and nuts;
• on the pains. It is a step fastening to metal rods, which, in turn, are attached to the wall. The mount is invisible, so the whole structure looks light and weightless, although it is quite strong.

External solutions - outdoor stairs

Much less often, an external attic staircase is erected to connect the attic with the rest of the house. Thus, one or more questions can be solved:

1. Saving space in the room;
2. Possibility of an additional entrance to the house (as an addition to the internal staircase);
3. The possibility of entering the attic immediately across the street;
4. beautiful design decision when arranging the appearance of the house.

The construction of an external staircase to the attic has a number of disadvantages - in particular, robbers and precipitation. In the first case, the issue is resolved with the help of all kinds of protective measures - this is quality door with good fittings, and nice fence, and other popular protective methods. In addition, it is unlikely that you will be able to equip rooms for daily use from above, because in winter outer stroke it will be very cold - for example, what kind of child's room can it be in this case? But if you decide to equip a dressing room or a creative workshop in the attic, then you can use the outdoor option.

A canopy over the stairs will help from precipitation and, of course, quality coating designs.

Most often, outdoor stairs are made of concrete or metal. The concrete version is recommended to be erected at the stage of building a house. It is difficult to build it yourself. A metal staircase is a more acceptable option for self erection. By adding forging elements to it, you can emphasize the style of the house, adding grace and chic.

Most often, in order to climb into the attic of a private house, they resort to the use of retractable or ladders, but this is not always convenient. And the question arises how safe it is to climb such a structure. But if you wish, you can make a staircase to the attic with your own hands, spending only a few days. This option will not only be convenient, but also cheaper than bought in a store.

Ladder location

In order to select the most comfortable spot, the following factors must be taken into account:

• Most best option placement of the entrance - separately in special room resembling a small vestibule. This option will allow you to arrange a staircase with convenient dimensions and provide thermal insulation. When the door is closed, the possibility of cold air from the attic entering the house is excluded.
• If it is not possible to organize a vestibule, then the placement of the stairs is best done at the far wall of the room. This will ensure unhindered movement around the room and save space.
• A good option would be to organize a hatch before going to the attic. This option, as with the vestibule, will prevent heat loss.
• The best option in most cases can be a single-flight staircase. But in conditions of insufficient space, you can resort to a screw or two-march device.

If the room under the roof is not planned for frequent use, then you can limit yourself to rising to the ceiling and, if necessary, going down. In addition, such a ladder can also be made independently.

Calculation

When calculating the stairs, the following requirements are taken into account:

• The width of the stairs should be within 80-100 centimeters.
• Handrails and railings are installed at a height of 90 centimeters. In this case, do not neglect the installation of handrails. Even if the stairs are between two walls, handrails can make climbing easier and safer.
• The most convenient angle of ascent is determined within 30-45 degrees.

At the same time, for an angle of inclination of 33-37 degrees, the riser should be equal to 16 cm, for 38-42 degrees - 18 cm, at 45 degrees - 20 cm.

• The optimal dimensions of the riser are 12-20 centimeters, the treads are 30-38 centimeters. In this case, it must be remembered - the steeper the rise, the higher the steps.
• The material selected for manufacturing must be treated with antiseptics and fire retardants.
• From the step to the ceiling must be at least 2 meters, so as not to kill the head when climbing.

To correctly select the ratio of the height of the riser (j) to the width of the tread (e), three formulas are used: convenience, step and safety. In this case, the step formula is the most important. It is important to take into account the correct ratio between the two quantities (j / e), satisfactory for all three formulas- 17/29. The convenience formula looks like this: e - j = 12 cm; step: 2j + e = 62 (60-64) cm; security: e + j = 46 cm

Material selection

It can be made of wood or metal, but for self-manufacturing Welding work can be complex, requiring certain skills. Therefore, consider wooden stairs.

From conifers fit:

• Larch and cedar. These breeds have a pleasant appearance, are easily processed and are almost not subject to decay. The downside is the cost of such wood.
• Spruce. The material is technically good. Claims can only be appearance. Often there are knots on it.
• Pine. The cost will be cheaper than others. In addition, the material is easy to process.

From hardwoods use:

• Oak. Has the best technical specifications. Has an excellent appearance.
• Beech and Ash. They have average characteristics.
• Birch. The material is more economical in cost. The characteristics are not inferior to beech. Well handled.

Any type of wood should be well dried. Before purchasing the material, you need to make sure that there are no cracks and other defects, including traces of damage by woodworms.

Manufacturing

For attic stairs the best option is on stringers or bowstrings. This will reduce labor costs, unlike other types of stairs.

Materials and tools:

• one or two beams for fixing steps (depending on the type of stairs);
• circular saw or hacksaw;
• edged boards for steps 25 mm thick;
• building level;
• screws and glue for fastening steps;
• hammer, screwdriver.

The kosour and the bowstring are a load-bearing beam on which the steps are attached. They differ in the way of this fastening. A comb is cut out along the top, into which the steps are installed. On the bowstring for these purposes, grooves are used, which are cut from the inside of the beams. Solid beams with a section of 5x25-30 centimeters are suitable as a material. In this case, you need to know that with a staircase width of more than 120 centimeters, two stringers are used.

The workpiece is cut along the entire length to remove chips and chips.. Treads are cut out on the stringers (the horizontal part of the steps). This is done using circular saw or scissors. If you decide to make a ladder on bowstrings, then grooves are cut in the beams, the size of which corresponds to the side section of the step. Next, cut the ends of the beam so that they can be installed on the base.

The risers (the vertical part of the step) and the treads are cut according to the dimensions from edged board. To reduce the risk of injury, you can round the corners of the steps.

When the main parts are ready, we proceed to the assembly. Fix it first bearing beams. To do this, we attach its lower part to the draft floor bars. In this case, it may be necessary to dismantle part floor covering. To avoid this, equip a small lifting platform. Fastening is carried out rigidly, fixing the elements with a gash. When installing stairs, it is important to ensure that the cutouts in the beams are at the same level. At the same time, the cutouts on the stringers can be adjusted using wedges.

When you are convinced that the beams are installed evenly, proceed to. We start with a tread. When mounted on a kosour, the boards are stacked, leveled and fastened with screws “in a secret”. The screw heads must “drown” in the wood, or they must be closed with a wooden cork. After that, it is planed flush with the plane of the step.

If the installation is made on a bowstring, then the treads are inserted into the grooves, having previously been lubricated with glue. Self-tapping screws can be used to provide additional fastening. They are screwed on the side.

Mounting the risers is not necessary, but if you want to make a full-fledged staircase, then you need to mount them from the inside. To do this, use special brackets or wooden wedges.

After the assembly of the stairs is completed, we proceed to attach the railing, if necessary.. Their installation begins with the installation of a fence around the entrance of the attic floor. Next, we mount support pillars. One is installed at the bottom, the other at the top. After that, we make the laying and fixing of the railing. They are supported by balusters mounted on steps. Provided that the staircase is located against the wall, you can attach the railing to it.

Finally the time has come finishing. To do this, start with a rough grinding of the finished structure. After that, with the help of putty, all the cracks and irregularities are filled. There will be few of them, if you do not make a mistake in size. When the putty dries, we proceed to fine sanding. Further cleaning - it is necessary to remove chips and wood dust with a vacuum cleaner. The next step is painting with varnish or interior paint. You can also prime all the elements of the stairs, giving it time to dry.

With proper arrangement, an ordinary attic space turns into a comfortable and perfectly suitable for living. attic room. To ensure safe and most convenient access to the attic floor, it is necessary to install a reliable staircase. With the assembly and installation of stairs, if desired, you can handle on your own. Read the instructions and get started.

There are several main types of stairs suitable for providing access to the attic.

The most compact and easy to manufacture option. Such steps are assembled and hidden behind a cover that closes the entrance to the under-roof room.

The design is based on a spring mechanism that allows you to quickly and effortlessly open the stairs - you just need to pull the hatch down, after which the spans will smoothly decompose. Last flight of stairs usually has to be sorted out by hand.

To lift the structure, it is best to install special automation - with it it will be simply more convenient and easier to use the stairs.

The traditional and most common option. Such ladders are the most reliable and easy to use. The steps of the stairs can be fixed on bowstrings, bolts and stringers.

Installation of a conventional single-flight staircase is carried out at a certain angle. The specific value of the slope is selected individually, taking into account the height of the ceilings in the room. If the distance from floor to ceiling is large, the stairs will have a rather steep descent, which is not very convenient.

With the help of stairs of two and three marches, you can organize the safest and most convenient ascent to the attic. However, to accommodate such rotary structures, quite a lot of space is needed. Typically, such stairs are provided at the design stage of the attic.

A spiral staircase to the attic can be equipped exclusively with the use of winders. This design saves a lot usable space, however, trapezoidal steps can hardly be called completely safe and very comfortable, especially for the elderly and young children.

A spiral staircase must be equipped with comfortable and stable railings.

Very beautiful and original design. Settled on a curved kosour. It is extremely difficult to independently calculate and assemble such a ladder in the absence of proper skills.

However, subject to proper arrangement, the involute staircase will be a great addition to any interior.

Pay due attention to the design of the stairs to the attic. The optimal depth of the steps is considered to be 30 cm. The most comfortable step between the steps is about 15 cm. With such parameters, it will be possible to comfortably and safely climb and descend the stairs, leaning on the steps with the entire surface of the foot.

The most convenient width of the stairs is considered to be 80-100 cm. If the width of the stairs is more than 1.2 m, an additional central stringer must be included in the design.

One person of average build will feel comfortable when using a ladder with a half-meter width.

Try to make the slope of the span no more than 45 degrees.

Actual normative documents requires that the steps of the stairs have a depth of 25-40 cm, and the height of the riser is 12-22 cm.

Try to design the staircase so that there is at least 200 cm of free space between each step and the ceiling. Even tall people will not experience discomfort on such a ladder.

For the rest, be guided by your own preferences, not forgetting about personal comfort and, of course, safety.

What is the staircase made of?

For the arrangement of attic stairs, a wide variety of materials are used. Their list includes:

• glass;
• concrete mortar;
• wood;
• metal.

In practice, stairs are most often made of wood or use a combination of materials. At this point, you must make the decision yourself, focusing on the interior design features, personal preferences and available budget.

Each material has both a number of strengths and certain disadvantages.

For example, metal stairs with glass steps look very impressive, but they are quite expensive.

Wooden structures bring a certain sophistication and comfort to the interior, but require competent and regular maintenance.

All-metal and concrete structures withstand even very heavy loads, but do not fit very well into the interior of residential premises and create heavy loads on the base (floor).

In general, when choosing a material for making stairs, be guided by your personal preferences.

Where to install the ladder?

The stairs to the attic floor can be installed outdoors and indoors. The most convenient option is, of course, the internal placement of the stairs. In such a situation, you do not have to go outside, which is especially appreciated in bad weather.

However, in some situations, there is a need for external arrangement of stairs to isolate attic space. outdoor stairs best made from metal. In such a situation, be sure to install reliable anti-burglary doors at the entrance to the attic in order to protect your property from intruders.

Can you think of original variants design outdoor stairs. For example, quite often the owners attach to the house beautiful tower around the steps. Such a solution brings its own zest to the architecture of the site.

Choose the best option for placing stairs to the attic, taking into account the above recommendations. If possible, try to give preference to the internal location of the structure.

Do-it-yourself wooden stationary staircase

Most simple option for self-erection is a single-flight staircase, the design of which is based on stringers. This design is convenient and practical. She doesn't require much free space and without any difficulty settles on their own. It is the order of assembly of such a structure that will be discussed below.

Work set

1. Glued laminated timber (preferably from pine or other durable rock) for arranging stringers.
2. Board for the design of steps. Use elements with a thickness of at least 4-5 cm. You can also buy steps in ready-made. Do it the way you feel most comfortable.
3. Boards for the manufacture of risers. Optimal Thickness elements - 2 cm. In most cases (if the load on the stairs is not too large), the use of these structural components can be abandoned.
4. Fasteners.
5. Railings to choose from.
6. Balusters.

This manual provides instructions for making stairs with cut-in treads.

Start preparing the kosour. To do this, make a markup on the original beam. The product must be divided into triangles. The hypotenuse of each such triangle will serve as the edge of the beam, one of the legs will be responsible for the depth of the step, and the second for the height of the riser.

Cut out the triangles with the right tool. The easiest and fastest way to do this is with a circular saw.

Trim the edges of the products. Optimal size chamfers - 2-5 mm.

For greater convenience in marking work, you can pre-make a triangle template of the required size.

Proceed with the installation of the kosour in the place intended for this. The top edge of the product must be adjacent to the end interfloor overlap. As a result, a reliable and stable system will be created.

Select the fixing method in accordance with the design features of the stairs, the thickness of the beams and other significant parameters.

The best option for fixing the kosour to the beam located above is with the use of plunging. It is also possible to fasten the kosour with going under the surface of the site and without directly cutting into the beam.

The plunging technique is the most reliable and common. To make such a connection, make a drink right size in the support beam and insert the edge of the stringer into it. The created gash should not be too large, because. any recesses lead to a decrease in the strength and reliability of the structure.

Instead of plunging, you can use bolt-on or angle-mount options. However, these mounting options are only suitable for lightweight staircase designs.

The kosour must be fixed as rigidly and securely as possible so that the risk of shift is completely eliminated. You can use two methods to attach the lower end of the stringer.

In accordance with the first method, it is necessary to make an angular cutout for the supporting beam from below the element. A groove of the appropriate size is prepared directly in the beam. As a result, you will only have to insert the cutout of the stringer into the groove prepared in the support beam and fix the element with the help of corners or tighten it with vertical studs.

In accordance with the second method, the cutout is created directly in the support beam, after which the lower corner of the stair stringer is inserted into it. This fixation option is reliable, however, the support beam in such a situation should have a rather large cross section.

If you plan to make a staircase of two flights, first determine the dimensions of the site. The site must be fixed before attaching the stringers. To do this, provide stable and reliable mortgages in the walls. If it is impossible to attach the platform to the wall, use vertical support posts.

To connect the treads and risers, it is best to use screws and glue. The nails will loosen over time.

Fixing elements are placed flush. Also, corners and strips can be used to fasten the structure. In addition, a fairly reliable and very durable connection option is installation using wooden dowels.

If the stairs are made of hardwood, it is recommended that the fixing pins be made of softwood, and vice versa. Otherwise, the fastener will split the base material.

Fasten the steps so that their edges extend beyond the boundaries of the riser by 2-4 cm.

Fix all the planned steps.

In conclusion, you will have to mount the railings and balusters, and then process everything wooden elements designs antiseptic. It would be useful to cover the wood with a flame retardant. Also, the material can be subjected to such treatments even before the final assembly of the stairs. Do it the way you feel most comfortable.

If you wish, you can cover the stairs with a paintwork composition or decorate it with another finishing material of your choice.

Successful work!

Or on the top floor - it's not a problem. It is possible to make a similar design on your own. Here we will consider how the staircase to the attic is made with our own hands, in cases where it is not in the building project. Since all stages of work will be carried out independently, you should carefully consider and calculate the design.

The simplest type of stairs to the attic is street version. It is not difficult to make such a design, because there is no need to build a hatch in the attic floor, change the interior and occupy usable space. True, this brings certain inconveniences - you have to enter the attic through the street. Attic stairs at the location can be of several types:

• External, the design of which is located with outer side at home, it can be both screw and marching. The screw is mainly located in inner corner outside a building or in a narrow courtyard.

• Marching, internal staircase, consisting of one or more spans.

• Screw internal, design, where the steps are arranged in a spiral around a fixed axis.

We start with design calculations

Before starting construction, an accurate design project should be prepared - carry out calculations, make drawings and indicate the main parameters of the stairs:

• The height of the rise, which is equal to the distance from the floor to the ceiling plus the thickness of the attic floor.
• The area of ​​the structure that determines the width of the stairs, i.e. in other words, the area of ​​the structure in m² that it occupies in the drawing.
• The dimensions of the hatch, also dependent on the 2nd parameter.
• Tread depth
• Riser height (vertical spacing between treads)
• The size and number of fences.

Calculations should be carried out taking into account the standards for the construction of stairs, safety rules and recommendations of specialists.

Ladder angle

There is a standard vertical size passage. It should be more than 2 meters from each step to the ceiling. This also applies to the distance between the upper step and the strapping of the upper hatch to the attic. The height of the lift directly affects. A design with a slope of less than 35 ° will take up a lot of space, and rather mimic a ramp. An incline of more than 55° will make movement very difficult, since you will only have to go down backwards. The most convenient slope is recommended to be designed in the range of 35°-45°.

Important! The slope affects the amount of treads and risers. The smaller the angle of inclination, the greater will be the depth of the treads and the smaller the height of the risers and vice versa.

The restrictions here are:

• the maximum height of the riser should not exceed 200 mm;
• minimum height not less than 120 mm;
• the maximum tread depth should not exceed 380 mm;
• minimum - not less than 300 mm;
• march width is recommended within 800-1200 mm.

Dimensions and number of steps

The most convenient and safest is the staircase, in which the ratio of the height of the riser and the depth of the tread is 15:30. To determine the convenience and safety of the structure, the following formulas are used:

• convenience formula: h - f = 120 mm;
• safety formula: h + f = 460 mm,

where h is the tread depth and f is the riser height. Existing formulas for calculating the exact ratio of the size of the steps and the angle of inclination of the structure are used, as a rule, when designing standard stairs. In a private building, it is not always possible to strictly adhere to these standards. Therefore, you can use approximate calculations:

• if the angle of inclination of the stairs is 32 - 36 °, then the recommended step height is 160 mm;
• if the angle is 37 - 43 °, then the recommended height may be 180 mm;
• if the angle of inclination exceeds 45 °, the height of the steps should be 200 mm;

Advice! The recommendations of experts are to make an odd number of treads (from 3 to 18). In this case, it is necessary to consider the last step to the upper floor. This amount makes it more comfortable to move up the stairs.

Calculation of steps https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yrqxQO_Nb0s

Let's start construction

Before starting the construction of the attic staircase, a hatch in the ceiling should be made. It must be done in strict accordance with the project. Ceiling ceilings and attic floor should be cut out circular saw respecting the design dimensions. The hole is cleaned, removing unnecessary structural elements. The main element of the stairs are stringers - load-bearing beams, the role of which can be played by a board with sawn grooves for steps, the width of which is 250 mm and a thickness of about 50 mm. As a rule, two beams are used, but if the width of the structure exceeds 120 cm, then an additional stringer is installed.

• You should pull the rope along the wall, from ceiling attic to the point where the stairs begin on the lower floor.
• Then, by changing the slope of the string, they check the length of the kosour and the number of expected steps, comparing with the calculated data.
• Measure the angles formed between the stretched twine and the floor, as well as between the twine and the ceiling.
• In accordance with the measured angles, the beams are cut.
• At the point of attachment of the kosour to the ceiling, it is necessary to leave a spike of about 10 cm, it will be needed when fixing the structure in the upper ceiling. For fastening under the spike, make a groove with a chisel.
• The board (kosour) is attached to the wall and the places where the steps are attached are marked on it. Horizontal and vertical lines under seats strictly verified by the building level.
• Having unfastened the board (kosour) from the wall, we cut out the grooves for the steps according to the marking. It is important to ensure that the cuts are even, parallel, and the level of the recesses is suitable for installing steps.
• We cut out the second beam (kosour) in the same way as the first, attaching it close.

Mounting

We begin to mount with the installation of the base of the stairs, which is fastened from below with a bar. We fasten stringers to the bar with self-tapping screws. From above, as mentioned, the stringers are fixed with spikes in the grooves of the ceiling made and greased with glue. To reinforce the connections, metal corners and threaded studs are used. Threaded connections fix the beams at 3 - 4 points with washers, creating rigid connections.

One of the beams is attached to the wall. The steps are attached to the stringers, starting from the bottom. They are fixed with dowels or screws, which are recessed and covered with small corks made of wood. All connections must be carefully glued. After that, you can proceed to the installation of risers. We fasten the tread from the back side of the structure, and sew the beams up to the upper end. For aesthetics, the side visible part is sutured decorative strip or plywood. It remains to strengthen the stairs for safety and ease of movement with railings. You can bolt the baluster to the beam, or you can attach four rows of narrow boards parallel to the handrail. The standard for the height of the railing is about 90 cm, the width is arbitrary. Mounting wooden stairs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cs53sgwpvEo