Varieties of attic stairs and their differences. Design and dimensions of the stairs to the attic in a private house How to make a staircase to the attic floor

Also come to an end. It remains only to build a staircase to the attic floor. But which one to choose? How to arrange, inside or outside? And how many marches should the stairs to the attic have? In this article we will try to answer all these questions, and also tell you how to build a staircase with your own hands.

Structures and places of installation of stairs to the attic floor

Stairs for attic floors differ in the types of structures and the place of their installation. And in your choice you need to be based on the needs of residents, the area and technical characteristics of the entire building. Next, we will consider the most popular designs of those used for attic floors.

Types of designs of stairs to the attic floor

Screw - the smallest in terms of the area it occupies than all those structures that will be described below. If you have only 1-1.5 m 2 at your disposal, then the screw structure will be your salvation.

Designs of stairs to the attic: from the simplest to the artsy

The picture below shows a classic single-march design. It is easier to calculate and mount than the rest, but, as you can see, it takes up a lot of space. This can be corrected by increasing the angle of inclination of the march, but in this case it will not be very convenient to climb the floor.

Do-it-yourself one-flight staircase to the attic is the easiest to install

Classical two-march systems are straight, g- and p-shaped. The first type for attics in private homes is rarely used, but the other two are very common.

If there is not a lot of space in the house, then attic stairs in two flights are suitable

Above you can see the layout of the marches, and in the photo below - examples of finished structures. In the space under the stairs to the attic floor, you can either install a heating system, as in the photo, or make a pantry.

Attic stairs: photo of classic two-flight structures

It is also worth mentioning the way the marches are connected. The most familiar option for us is reversal platforms. However, so-called winder steps are often made instead of platforms, you can see them on the left side of the photo.

The device of the stairs to the attic: winder steps and a reversal platform

Another type of attic stairs - folding, attic. Such designs are used more often if there is an attic on the second floor. When there is no need for a ladder, it is completely retracted into a hatch in the attic ceiling.

Folding, compact stairs to the attic floor

Installation of stairs to the attic floor inside and outside the building

Climbing to the floor from the street is a good option if two families live in the same house. Both floors are isolated from each other, no one bothers anyone: there are two entrances to the house, internal and external.

External staircase to the attic: separate entrance to the second floor

The staircase to the attic from the veranda also makes it possible to use different entrances to the living quarters, but there is no need to go outside, as happens when the staircase is external.

In the photo there is a staircase to the attic floor located on the veranda

Installing stairs inside the house is the more common option. If one family uses the building on a permanent basis, then, of course, it would be logical to choose just this type of installation.

Internal staircase to the attic. Photo of the simplest design for lifting to the second floor

How to make and install stairs to the attic floor

Stairs can be made from almost any material, but wood is perhaps the most common. They will suit almost anyone, especially considering how popular they are today. Let's see how this is done using the example of a straight single-flight staircase.

We calculate the parameters of the flight of stairs

• Floor height. We measure the difference between the levels of the finishing floor of the first floor and the attic. Let it be 250 cm.
• Number and height of steps. We divide the height of the rise by the recommended height of the risers - 18 cm. So: 250:18 = 13.88 pieces. Fractional numbers should not be, round up to 14 pieces. Now we calculate the height of the steps: 250:14 = 17.85 cm. We got 14 steps with 17.85 cm risers.
• The total length of the march. We take the width of the steps 27 cm. We consider: 14x27 \u003d 405 cm.

The layout of the stairs to the attic. Start of calculations

Based on these calculations, we make a drawing and put down all the dimensions. Now we measure the distance from one attic floor to another, in the drawing we mark the edge of the second floor. From it we measure the distance to the steps of the flight of stairs, according to GOST it should not be less than 185 cm. If this distance is less, we reduce the length of the march by reducing the number of steps and giving them a greater height.

Table for determining the optimal step sizes

Stringers and treads

For stringers, we need the following formula: height 2 + length 2 √22.65 = stringer length. That is: 4.05 2 +2.50 2 √22.65=4.75m. The width of the stringers is calculated so that it is twice as large as the size of the risers. In our case, this is 17.85x2 \u003d 35.7 cm. More is possible, less is not.

The marking of the slots on the stringers is done using a joiner's corner. If it is not there, we make a homemade one, from plywood and a pair of slats. We number the steps. We purchase boards for stringers with a margin, with the required length of 4.75 m we take 5 m.

Marking the stringers: a) the height of the risers; b) the width of the steps

We carried out all calculations without taking into account the step boards. We measure their thickness, and cut the lower part of the kosour exactly as much. Now about the width of the treads. To their width, we must take into account the thickness of the riser. According to the diagram below, this is: b + d \u003d e, where b is the width of the tread, d is the thickness of the riser. This is a calculation without an overhang, if you plan to do it, then add its width to "b". The diagram shows both options, with and without an overhang.

Do-it-yourself attic stairs: tread width with and without overhang

platform beam

Its width is equal to the width of the future staircase (90 cm) + two thicknesses of the stringer + 14 cm at the edges. The last digit changes depending on the parameters of the stairs. So: 90 + 10 + 14 \u003d 114 cm is our platform beam. You will need 2 in total.

In the figure you see the ways of fastening the stringers to the platform beam: with and without a cut. You can choose the method that suits you best. On the right side of the figure, there are two versions of the frieze step: ordinary and pushed into the platform. We cut out the required number of steps, then sand all the details.

How to make a staircase to the attic: fastening the stringers to the platform beam and installing a frieze step

Retreating 7 cm from the edges, we make cuts in the platform beams, equal in width to the thickness of the stringers. In the latter, we also make gashes, if the method of fastening you have chosen implies them. Now we attach the platform beams to the ceilings. This can be done with anchors. The figure shows the fixing methods for the upper and lower floors.

Construction of stairs to the attic: fixing platform beams to the first and second floor

Assembling the stairs to the attic floor

We put stringers in the grooves, fasten them to the platform beams with dowels or studs. The kosour, adjacent to the wall, is attached to it with anchors, if the material of the wall itself allows. Now we fix the steps and risers. You can choose any of the methods shown in the picture.

Ways of fastening steps and risers

Now it remains to fix the balusters. At the top we do this with screws, obliquely, at the bottom with the help of dowels. You can choose any shape of balusters and steps that will suit the design of the attic.

Most often, in order to climb to the attic of a private house, they resort to using retractable or attached ladders, but this is not always convenient. And the question arises how safe it is to climb such a structure. But if you wish, you can make a staircase to the attic with your own hands, spending only a few days. This option will not only be convenient, but also cheaper than bought in a store.

Ladder location

In order to choose the most convenient place, you must consider the following factors:

• The best option for placing the entrance is separately in a special room resembling a small vestibule. This option will allow you to arrange a staircase with convenient dimensions and provide thermal insulation. When the door is closed, the possibility of cold air from the attic entering the house is excluded.
• If it is not possible to organize a vestibule, then the placement of the stairs is best done at the far wall of the room. This will ensure unhindered movement around the room and save space.
• A good option would be to organize a hatch before going to the attic. This option, as with the vestibule, will prevent heat loss.
• The best option in most cases can be a single-flight staircase. But in conditions of insufficient space, you can resort to a screw or two-march device.

If the room under the roof is not planned for frequent use, then you can limit yourself to rising to the ceiling and, if necessary, going down. In addition, such a ladder can also be made independently.

Calculation

When calculating the stairs, the following requirements are taken into account:

• The width of the stairs should be within 80-100 centimeters.
• Handrails and railings are installed at a height of 90 centimeters. In this case, do not neglect the installation of handrails. Even if the stairs are between two walls, handrails can make climbing easier and safer.
• The most convenient angle of ascent is determined within 30-45 degrees.

At the same time, for an angle of inclination of 33-37 degrees, the riser should be equal to 16 cm, for 38-42 degrees - 18 cm, at 45 degrees - 20 cm.

• The optimal dimensions of the riser are 12-20 centimeters, the treads are 30-38 centimeters. In this case, it must be remembered - the steeper the rise, the higher the steps.
• The material selected for manufacturing must be treated with antiseptics and fire retardants.
• From the step to the ceiling must be at least 2 meters, so as not to kill the head when climbing.

To correctly select the ratio of the height of the riser (j) to the width of the tread (e), three formulas are used: convenience, step and safety. In this case, the step formula is the most important. It is important to take into account the correct ratio between the two quantities (j / e), satisfactory for all three formulas - 17/29. The convenience formula looks like this: e - j = 12 cm; step: 2j + e = 62 (60-64) cm; security: e + j = 46 cm

Material selection

It can be made of wood or metal, but for self-made work with welding can be difficult, requiring certain skills. Therefore, consider wooden stairs.

From conifers fit:

• Larch and cedar. These breeds have a pleasant appearance, are easily processed and are almost not subject to decay. The downside is the cost of such wood.
• Spruce. The material is technically good. Claims can only be to appearance. Often there are knots on it.
• Pine. The cost will be cheaper than others. In addition, the material is easy to process.

From hardwoods use:

• Oak. Possesses the best technical characteristics. Has an excellent appearance.
• Beech and Ash. They have average characteristics.
• Birch. The material is more economical in cost. The characteristics are not inferior to beech. Well handled.

Any type of wood should be well dried. Before purchasing the material, you need to make sure that there are no cracks and other defects, including traces of damage by woodworms.

Manufacturing

For an attic staircase, the option on stringers or bowstrings is best suited. This will reduce labor costs, unlike other types of stairs.

Materials and tools:

• one or two beams for fixing steps (depending on the type of stairs);
• circular saw or hacksaw;
• edged boards for steps 25 mm thick;
• building level;
• screws and glue for fastening steps;
• hammer, screwdriver.

The kosour and the bowstring are a load-bearing beam on which the steps are attached. They differ in the way of this fastening. A comb is cut out along the top, into which the steps are installed. On the bowstring for these purposes, grooves are used, which are cut from the inside of the beams. Solid beams with a section of 5x25-30 centimeters are suitable as a material. In this case, you need to know that with a staircase width of more than 120 centimeters, two stringers are used.

The workpiece is cut along the entire length to remove chips and chips.. Treads are cut out on the stringers (the horizontal part of the steps). This is done with a circular saw or hacksaw. If you decide to make a ladder on bowstrings, then grooves are cut in the beams, the size of which corresponds to the side section of the step. Next, cut the ends of the beam so that they can be installed on the base.

The risers (the vertical part of the step) and the treads are cut out according to the dimensions from the edged board. To reduce the risk of injury, you can round the corners of the steps.

When the main parts are ready, we proceed to the assembly. First we fix the load-bearing beams. To do this, we attach its lower part to the draft floor bars. In this case, it may be necessary to dismantle part of the floor covering. To avoid this, equip a small lifting platform. Fastening is carried out rigidly, fixing the elements with a gash. When installing stairs, it is important to ensure that the cutouts in the beams are at the same level. At the same time, the cutouts on the stringers can be adjusted using wedges.

When you are convinced that the beams are installed evenly, proceed to. We start with a tread. When mounted on a kosour, the boards are stacked, leveled and fastened with screws “in a secret”. The screw heads must “drown” in the wood, or they must be closed with a wooden cork. After that, it is planed flush with the plane of the step.

If the installation is made on a bowstring, then the treads are inserted into the grooves, having previously been lubricated with glue. Self-tapping screws can be used to provide additional fastening. They are screwed on the side.

Mounting the risers is not necessary, but if you want to make a full-fledged staircase, then you need to mount them from the inside. To do this, use special brackets or wooden wedges.

After the assembly of the stairs is completed, we proceed to attach the railing, if necessary.. Their installation begins with the installation of a fence around the entrance of the attic floor. Next, we mount the support pillars. One is installed at the bottom, the other at the top. After that, we make the laying and fixing of the railing. They are supported by balusters mounted on steps. Provided that the staircase is located against the wall, you can attach the railing to it.

Finally, it's time for the finishing touches. To do this, start with a rough grinding of the finished structure. After that, with the help of putty, all the cracks and irregularities are filled. There will be few of them, if you do not make a mistake in size. When the putty dries, we proceed to fine sanding. Further cleaning - it is necessary to remove chips and wood dust with a vacuum cleaner. The next step is painting with varnish or interior paint. You can also prime all the elements of the stairs, giving it time to dry.

The attic floor saves money, building materials, and space. A cold attic can be turned into a useful space. It is necessary to insulate the room, make a finish, and you can build a staircase. Let's find out what options for such constructions are, how to do it correctly so that the work is successful.

So, there are several types of stairs for the attic. The design scheme depends on the type and size of the room. It is important to make the right calculations so that the stairs are strong, comfortable, and reliable. Suitable stairs of any shape for this purpose. Most often they make ordinary marching structures, the simplest ones. They also make different spiral staircases. They are beautiful and save space in the house.

How to choose the right location for the future structure? The choice depends on which room is upstairs. If it is heated, then the stairs can be made in the living room, or in the hallway.

If the room is cold, the attic is summer, it is better to make a staircase on the veranda, or even on the street. The main thing in choosing a place is that the slope is forty-five degrees. Then the design will be convenient. If there is a lot of space, you can make a staircase with two flights. If space is limited, we will make a spiral staircase.

If there is only an opportunity to build a steep staircase with one march, then we will make running steps. They are more comfortable. The stairs to the attic should be comfortable and safe. Also, it should be placed so as not to steal a lot of space from the ground floor. Another thing to consider is floor height. Let's look at how to make a spiral staircase, because it saves space the best. Let's take wood for materials. And let's decide on our design. The features of the stairs are such that there is an octagonal support post, as well as flat handrails. The steps go around the rack.

Such a staircase can be located in one of the corners of the room, taking up very little space. If she ate the only rise up, then the opening needs to be made a little wider.

Otherwise, it will be difficult to lift objects such as furniture when needed. Having chosen a place, the shape of the opening, we will begin to calculate the diameter of the structure. We measure the height, find the lower level of the structure, and determine the direction of the spiral of our future stairs. We choose the height of the risers, and determine the number of steps. Installation is carried out from below. All parts are fastened with special studs.

The central support is made of a board about thirty millimeters thick. Octahedrons for her need to be glued. The stand should come out straight. The base of the rack is a sheet of steel, to which a metal pipe is attached. Attach the stand to the floor. Now install the stairs. They rest on octahedrons on one side, and on consoles on the other side. We also make the handrail in a spiral shape. Job is done.

Design stairs to the attic

The attic can be very useful. In this room, you can make any room. There you can equip a bedroom, and a nursery, or an office. You can make a very comfortable room if you implement various design solutions in your work. It is also important to take care of the stairs. It has to be safe first and foremost. You can also apply some design ideas to it by decorating it.

The staircase for the attic should be a durable, high-quality construction. It must also be aesthetically pleasing. Design can be very different. Fantasy can work for everyone.

Let's first think about what types of stairs for the attic are. The choice depends on how often this room will be used. If this is a summer cottage, a simple staircase will do. If the room itself has a spirit of solidity, you can choose a more interesting option.

So, there are several types of stairs. There is a spiral, folding, attic staircase. And there is a design with one or more marches. The most effective option is a spiral staircase. It allows you to embody a lot of stylish ideas. The design depends on the overall style of the building, and on personal preference.

A lot also depends on the materials. There are wooden and metal stairs. And there are also designs made of glass, which allows you to especially distinguish yourself in style. Those who love the classics prefer wooden versions of stairs. But metal also allows you to make a sophisticated, and unusually elegant design. Therefore, it is possible to combine these two materials by combining them. You can decorate a wooden staircase with wrought iron details. It will be a delightful way to decorate your home. The stone staircase also looks very nice.

Well, you can calculate the size. Do not forget to take into account the angle of inclination, as well as the width of the steps. This is important for comfortable use of the stairs. Sometimes it is difficult to find the line between practicality and aesthetics. But it needs to be done. Since the most important thing is the safety of users of the future design. The interior of the stairs can give the whole house an atmosphere of comfort and warmth.

In any private house there is an attic space. But for easy access to it, a reliable ladder is needed. If the structure is made inside, it will be more comfortable and cozy, especially during the cold months. But it happens that the house has already been renovated, everything is in its place, and you don’t want to clutter up the space, especially if there is so little of it. Therefore, sometimes stairs are made on the street. Let's talk about this ladder.

There are several types of outdoor attic stairs. You need to decide on it. some types can only be installed in a spacious yard, while others are suitable for narrower places. Another type of stairs depends on the chosen material. There are electric stairs. They slide out vertically and are very convenient. But making such a ladder is not easy. You need an electric drive, the ability to work with metal, and the height of the ceiling must be appropriate.

Another type is an accordion ladder. You can often see such options in stores. The elements are connected and work like scissors. When the ladder is assembled, it attracts almost no attention. This design is easier. Another type of staircase is a marching structure. It takes up enough space. Marches can be prefabricated, and solid. They are either straight or curved. Maybe one march, or maybe three sites. They can be metal or they can be made from wood. They are easy to make. It is this type of ladder that we will now consider in more detail.

It is important to observe safety precautions, this is the most important point in all work. The ladder must be made strong and stable. Therefore, you need to think about good material for her. There must be reliable railings. It is better to make the opening as wide as possible. It will need to be insulated. Also, the ladder must be stable in terms of cargo, so that you can lift things and heavy objects along it.

It depends on the material what dimensions and characteristics the staircase will be.

The most accessible material is wood. You do not need special skills to make such a ladder. So that the tree does not rot over time, you just need to process it with special means, and it will be durable. These funds will help the material become resistant to fire and weather precipitation. What can be said about metal? This is the most popular material for outdoor stairs to the attic. It is very reliable, and durable, withstands heavy loads, and does not deform. But skills are needed to make such a structure. Therefore, let's look at how to make a wooden staircase.

We create a drawing on which we indicate all the necessary calculations. We buy materials for construction. We choose a tree so that it is not wet or overdried. Also, it should not have cracks or deformations. To make steps, we will need boards, we will also need a beam for stringers. We put markings on the beam. We cut out the teeth, and put the steps.

Assembly is easy. We fix our steps.

Glass spiral staircase

design and dimensions of the stairs to the attic in a private house - photo, attic houses outside and inside: external stairs to the attic - entrance from the street, interiors of designer attic spaces - photo gallery

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The presence of an attic in the house makes it easy to equip a comfortable and functional room for any needs without the need to add additional floors or rooms. An important element of this room is the staircase, because it is thanks to it that you can quickly and safely get to the attic floor.

What should be the staircase to the attic, what to look for when choosing a design and material, and whether it is possible to make attic stairs with your own hands - we will consider in more detail in our article.

Types of attic stairs

According to the type of installation, the staircase to the attic, the photo below, can be:

• Internal - a universal type of attic stairs, which is located inside the building. It can take up quite a lot of space, so it is important to carefully choose its design if the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room is small.
• Outdoor - located outside the building, such an ascent to the attic floor is an integral part of the facade. Thanks to this type, the attic will have a separate entrance from the street. It is better to design an external staircase to the attic at the stage of building a house.

Construction of attic stairs

Standard single-march is a straight structure, located at an angle, the value of which depends on the height of the ceiling. The optimal angle of elevation should be 30-45 degrees, so such an attic staircase should not be installed if the floor height is more than 2.5 m - the steps will be too steep and uncomfortable, and the structure will take up a lot of space. In addition, this type requires a long opening in the ceiling, which will reduce the useful area of ​​​​the attic.

In the photo - a straight attic staircase

Two-march - an option suitable for spacious rooms, since it requires the allocation of space for it, designed for a turntable. Suitable for any height of the ceiling, keeps the dimensions of the steps convenient. The turn can be either 90 degrees or 180, and to save space, it is better to install such an attic staircase in the corner.

One of the options for the location of the attic stairs

With winder steps - instead of a turntable, trapezoidal steps are installed, which are laid with a narrow side in a smaller turning radius. For convenience, the width of the middle of the step should be at least 0.3 m. Such a design will take up less space than a rotary one, while providing a comfortable climb to the attic.

Here is such an attic staircase you can do with your own hands

Screw - the most economical option of all, because it takes up the least space. Able to transform and make any interior original. It consists of winder steps attached to the central axis (support column). But at the same time, spiral attic stairs are very inconvenient, because you can easily stumble on them. In addition, it is worth taking care of installing reliable railings and additional lighting for lifting to the attic.

How to properly position the stairs to the attic without losing usable space

Folding - the simplest and most inexpensive version of the attic stairs, but it is better to install it if the attic is used intermittently, for example, in the country. It is a compact design of several sections, which, when folded, are easily removed into the ceiling hatch. Such attic stairs are easy to install, do not need planning and are convenient to use, do not take up space, are durable and reliable.

Small Folding Attic Ladder

What material is best?

The attic staircase is a full-fledged part of the interior, and in the case of outdoor installation - an important architectural element. Choosing the material and design of the stairs to the attic, you should focus on the interior of the room.

Wooden attic stairs, photo below, can be of any design, shape and color, they are very easy to fit into the interior. In addition, wood is a strong and durable material that can give the room additional comfort. But wood needs timely treatment with special compounds that can extend its service life.

Metal attic stairs emphasize the unique design of the room. They are strong and reliable and look very original. They can be painted in any suitable shade or ordered chrome - it all depends on the design of the attic and the whole house. Attic metal stairs are suitable for any houses: brick, wooden, stone.

How to make a spiral staircase to the attic

Stone - solid and reliable structures for climbing to the attic floor. But it is better to install them in brick houses, because visually they are heavy and can overload the interior. It is best to install such a ladder outside. It can be plastered and painted in the color of the facade.

How to build an attic staircase with your own hands

You can buy a finished staircase to the attic, but there is a risk that it will not fit into the internal dimensions of the house. Custom-made production is a very costly and long-term production. Therefore, the easiest way is to make a staircase to the attic with your own hands.

The layout of the stairs to the attic

The construction of a staircase to the attic begins with determining the place of its installation: for a residential attic floor, it is better to make an exit from the hallway or living room, and for a temporary one, from the veranda or street. The easiest way is to make a staircase to the attic along the stringers (wooden or metal beams located along the wall).

Basic concepts for calculation

A string should be stretched along the wall, connecting the upper point of the subfloor of the attic and the place where the stairs begin on the first floor. After that, you should calculate the number of steps. It is advisable to first draw up drawings with a work plan and focus on them during installation.

The dimensions of the tread and riser will depend on the angle of inclination. In this case, the maximum step height should not exceed 20 cm (at 45 degrees) and be less than 12 cm (at 30 degrees). The depth of the step should be within 30-38 cm. The optimal span width is about 100-120 cm.

Angles are marked on the stringer based on the number and position of the steps. In the upper part of the board, a spike with dimensions of 50-100 mm should be left, depending on the section of the beam, designed to secure the hatch to the attic. In the overlap under the spike, a groove is hollowed out with a chisel.

After that, the board should be grabbed to the wall and draw the calculated number of steps (draw the lines strictly according to the level). In this case, the first board from the bottom is drawn taking into account the thickness of the tread board.

Then the board can be removed and sawed teeth on it. The second board is cut according to the pattern of the first. For wide stairs, it is better to prepare three beams.

Mounting

At the beginning, the base of the stairs is installed, which should be fixed with a bar. Kosours are screwed to it with self-tapping screws, with upper spikes they must enter the prepared grooves, smeared with carpentry glue. Structural strength will be given by strengthening the structure with metal corners and threaded studs (the stringers are connected in 3-4 places). After that, the first beam is screwed to the wall.

The lower step is mounted first, you can fix it on self-tapping screws that need to be drowned and closed with wooden plugs. After that, the riser is installed.

The tread is screwed on the back. Thus, the braids are sewn up to the top. The outer line of steps is sheathed with board or plywood.

If the width of the attic staircase is more than 120 cm, then the railing is not necessary, otherwise the vertical posts are bolted to the stringers, and the railing to them. The optimal height of the railing of the stairs to the attic is about 85 cm.

You can learn more about how to make a staircase to the attic in the video:

You can expand the space of the house by completing the attic. This is a convenient option that can become a real decoration of the yard. The attic is always located on the second floor, so a staircase is required for such a building.

Peculiarities

Different ladders have their own advantages and disadvantages. But there are also common features that are characteristic of all.

Firstly, a staircase with a wide platform allows you to further increase the space used for living. This is very convenient, regardless of whether a large family lives in the room or a small one.

If a small staircase with narrow spans is chosen, then this, on the contrary, saves space. That is why the owners of small rooms prefer screw or lifting models.

Secondly, a beautiful staircase and a properly designed entrance to the room will become a real decoration of a private house. Wide steps and railings, decorated with forged elements or carvings, will perfectly complement the corresponding interior.

And finally, the stairs leading to the attic are a traditional element that does not become obsolete over time. Like many decades ago, they are used to decorate houses, even with a small area.

materials

Stairs leading to the attic, as a rule, are metal and wooden. The first option is perfect for the manufacture of outdoor structures. If you cover the surface of the metal with additional protective agents, then it will not lose its attractiveness over time and will not be covered with a layer of rust.

Wood is more often used in the manufacture of stairs that are indoors. Wood is a fairly versatile material. On the one hand, wooden stairs can be built independently, on the other hand, wood is short-lived and flammable. Moisture usually has a negative effect on such raw materials.

Types of structures and dimensions

There are two main types of stairs: spiral and mid-flight. The former are considered more compact, but the latter look more attractive.

marching

If there is a lot of free space in the room, then it is better to give preference to wide mid-flight stairs. They are not only beautiful and comfortable, but also safe. On such stairs, not only an adult will feel comfortable, but also a baby who has only recently learned to walk.

The most beautiful option is a comfortable two-flight ladder leading to the second floor. But if there is not enough space for such a design, the volume can be limited to a single-march variation.

Some designers adapt the space under the stairs under the closet. You can also install a custom-made cabinet or shelves there.

screw

The second type of stairs is used a little less often. The fact is that making them with your own hands is much more difficult, and moving around them can be quite difficult. But, if you want to decorate your home with such an unusual design, then it is quite possible to make it to order or choose the right option in a furniture store.

Stairs also differ in location. In some cases it is more convenient to put it inside the house, in others - outside.

outdoor

Outdoor stairs make them durable materials. The most common of them are stone, metal or wood. Despite the apparent fragility of this material, sometimes preference is given to wooden stairs. If you additionally treat them with a protective coating, then they can last no less than the same stone or metal structures.

True, outdoor wooden stairs have a significant minus. They are quite difficult to clean. But even here you can find a way out. For example, use a retractable or lean-to ladder. It can be removed for a while and used only when it is really needed.

Internal

It takes longer to think about a project of such a design. It should be not only comfortable, but also aesthetically attractive. It is difficult to combine everything in one model, but, as practice shows, it is possible. Inside the house they put either spiral staircases or multifunctional ones with used space under them.

lifting

Such a staircase, as a rule, is also located indoors and leads to the attic. For those who store some temporarily unused things in the attic, or rarely visit this additional room, such a model will do just fine.

The device of such a staircase allows you to save free space and use the room on the first floor completely. There are folding and retractable models. The first fold like an accordion, and the second, if necessary, rise and fall. Such a simple design is surprisingly useful in everyday life.

Design Options

Like any detail in the interior of a modern house, the staircase should be its decoration. Now there are many interesting design options. Some of them are very modern, others, on the contrary, are stylized antique.

Many designers prefer to use mid-flight stairs with wide steps and beautiful railings in the interior. This move leaves a lot of room for creativity. Handrails can be decorated, for example, with carvings, if a wooden base is used. And metal or stone stairs will be decorated with elegant forging.

A spiral staircase can also be original. By itself, this design looks unusual. Therefore, making a choice in favor of a spiral staircase, you can emphasize your good taste and love for beautiful things. A model of this type resembles a spiral, so it should not be richly decorated. Too many decorations will merge together, which will spoil the overall impression of the structure.

Separately, it is worth noting that for living quarters and places for meeting with guests, as a rule, different stairs are chosen. In the living room, for example, I want to put a luxurious, richly decorated model. But in the corridor or hallway, you can get by with simpler options.

Where to place?

There are several options for the location of the stairs. It all depends on the size of the room and the features of its use. For example, if there is so little space in the house, you want to save every free centimeter. In this case, it is much more rational to choose an outdoor model, while maintaining free space inside the room.

If there is enough space, then you can even allocate a separate room for an attic staircase. Such tambour rooms, as a rule, are made quite small, and their arrangement and design are not thoroughly thought through. The only requirement is that the room be warm and comfortable. The presence of a vestibule is especially good if you do not want children to go to the attic, or if it simply is not heated. It is enough just to hang a lock on the door and close it tightly, and the cold will not penetrate into the house, and the way to the attic will be closed for children.

When there is no opportunity to put a ladder in a small separate room, you have to use the free space of one of the rooms. As a rule, this is a hallway, a little less often - a living room. In this case, the transition from the first floor to the second should be beautifully decorated. You have to choose the model of stairs that matches the style of the interior of the room, and think about how to use the space under it.

The best layout option is to put a ladder near the far wall of the living space. Ideally, from the side of the street, because in this case you will not have to sit or sleep next to a cold wall.

As a rule, it is advised to trust the installation of stairs to professionals. But it often happens that the owners want to do everything with their own hands. This is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance. The main thing is to use simple tips.

Firstly, when planning a construction with your own hands, you always need to think over a full-fledged project and calculate everything. First of all, the location of the stairs is determined. A lot depends on this in the future.

If the house is small, then you should not choose massive luxurious stairs.

Although they look really impressive, they always disappoint the owners of small rooms, leaving no free space for installing sofas, tables and other important pieces of furniture.

The second thing to do is prepare all the necessary tools. Their choice depends on what materials the staircase is made of and on the skills of the master. All structural details, as a rule, are made in several stages, and only then are they assembled together. This also applies to stairs in several openings, and spiral or single-flight.

When the foundation is made, you need to take care of your safety. Any staircase should be not only beautiful, but also comfortable and safe. In order to make it such, it is necessary to use handrails or other additional fences, if necessary.

Finally, the building can be decorated, but this is an optional step. Especially if the budget is too limited, or the stairs are used where almost no one sees them.

Beautiful examples in the interior

Houses with several floors with a beautiful attic staircase are considered a sign of luxury. So, every detail in such a building should look appropriate. The same applies to outdoor structures, because they largely change the exterior of the site. It is difficult to understand how you can turn your ideas into reality without any experience. To make things easier, you can look at real examples.