How to put the stairs to the second floor. How to make a wooden staircase to the second floor with your own hands - drawings and instructions. Consider creating a wooden staircase with stringers

The requirements for modern architecture are such that a one-story house does not meet the needs of the customer. Accordingly, with the growth of the number of storeys of the building, an additional necessary element appears - a staircase. A staircase to the second floor can make a home original and stylish; it is not at all difficult to make it with your own hands. To implement the plan, it is required not only to have certain skills, but also the ability to make calculations for the future design.

Calculation of stairs to the second floor

To calculate the structural elements of the stairs, it is necessary, first of all, to choose its location. The choice is influenced by the functionality and the available free space at the installation site of the structure. The configuration of the room, in particular, how the walls are arranged in relation to the stairs, as well as the amount of space from the floor of the first floor to the floor of the second, are one of the determining factors. In addition, it is required to take into account the location in space of doorways. With proper consideration of the combination of these factors, the optimal selection of the type and version of the staircase is made.

Approximate dimensions of the flight of stairs

In this case, certain criteria that underlie the calculation of the stairs should be taken into account. Its width should be 1.5-3.0 m. The dimensions of the landing of the stairs should be made in accordance with the width of the march associated with it. Different heights of steps, their differences and bends are not allowed.

We determine the parameters of the steps

When calculating the dimensions of the steps, the basic data are the length, slope and width of the march, as well as the proportionality of the geometric dimensions.

The width of a flight of stairs refers to the space between the wall and the railing, or the distance from one railing to the opposite railing. It is recommended, on average, to take 0.9 m. For the case where steps are limited by a wall, this parameter is increased to 1.1 m. The width, taking into account the dimensions of the fence and the bowstring, is called total. If these elements are not taken into account, then it is customary to consider such a width as a finishing one.

In accordance with regulatory requirements, the finishing width per person is 800 mm, but not less than 700 mm, for two people - 1000 mm. An important requirement for the finish width is its constant value throughout the span. On average, the width of the steps, if calculated by the average span length, is 200 mm.

Tilt Angle Requirements

The value of the optimal slope of the flight of stairs is in the range of 35-40 °. If the stairs are made steeper, 45 °, then there are difficulties in moving along it of a physical nature, and also such a design can be dangerous. When organizing a gentle march, its dimensions and, accordingly, the cost of the product increase significantly.

Determining the height and depth of steps

The height of the steps determines the comfort of moving up the stairs. The most acceptable lifting-descent depth is in the range of 290-300 mm with a riser height of about 160-180 mm. Moreover, a depth of more than 320 mm is not allowed. If the depth is made greater than the specified value, then to overcome the step it will be necessary to take two steps. In some cases, steps having a different pitch or turn can be used.

There are constructive solutions when the lack of free space or considerations of creating more comfort cause the use of steps overhanging each other. The maximum overhang is 40 mm.

Some features in the calculation of stairs

When calculating the parameters of the stairs and the inter-march platform, it should be borne in mind that the width of the latter should not be less than 1400 mm. This requirement is due to the fact that this value is equal to two human steps. The width of the platform in its pure form corresponds to the final width of the march.

In addition, there are certain criteria for organizing railings on the stairs. The distance from the step of the railing is recommended to take 900 mm - for a mid-flight staircase, 1100 mm - for a spiral staircase.

The gaps formed between the balusters must be at least 120 mm. This requirement is due to precautionary measures. Properly chosen their width allows you to achieve the necessary rigidity and strength of the entire structure.

To achieve comfort and safety of movement of a person of average height, the distance from the steps to the ceiling should be 1.9-2.0 m.

Turning stairs

The design features of this type of stairs are that the platform between the marches is replaced by steps. For the calculation, parameters such as the length and height of the span, the total number of steps and the number of rotary elements are taken into account. It is generally accepted that the number of steps required to implement a turn should be three.

Staircase with rungs

In this case, a significant factor is the location of the winders on the stairs. During the calculations, the following requirements should be taken into account:

• the minimum width corresponding to the widest part shall be 4000 mm;
• curvature in the part of the turn should have a radius of 300 mm;
• for safety reasons, the structure must be smooth throughout the march;
• winder steps must have a width of at least 200 mm (on the center line).

Wooden stairs to the second floor

The use is well justified. Wooden structures are reliable and have a long service life, and proper treatment with protective equipment eliminates biological factors that adversely affect the material. The tree lends itself well to processing, which allows you to create unique products. Natural material allows you to achieve environmental safety. In addition, wooden structures create additional comfort for residents, as they have the ability to create unhindered air movement in the room and normalize humidity in it. The beauty of a staircase made of wood, a harmonious combination with any interior, as well as the ability to create original decorative elements are the undeniable advantages of the material.

With all the undoubted positive properties of the tree, it has certain disadvantages. The cost of a wooden product does not allow us to consider them affordable for all segments of the population. This is due to the fact that the processes of preparing the material, processing it and installing the finished structure are very costly due to the use of manual labor. In addition, the terms of production have a significant duration. During operation, wooden products require appropriate care, regular renewal of its coating.

Metal stairs to the second floor

To achieve one of the main requirements for the design of stairs - safety - allows the use of metal in their manufacture. Metal products have significant strength and wear resistance. Due to the mechanical properties of the material, the production of metal stairs allows to achieve significant savings in space for its placement.

When compared with concrete structures, the weight of metal structures is much less, which simplifies their movement and installation.

A significant advantage of the metal is its manufacturability. This circumstance makes it possible to carry out operations with it outside the production premises, having only basic skills in working with metal. Sufficient ductility of the metal makes it possible, during pressure treatment, to obtain a variety of configurations of structural elements that can compete with wooden decor. It is also possible to process parts on metal-cutting machines.

The property of steel oxidation in air can be attributed to the disadvantages of metal stairs. Therefore, certain costs are required for the acquisition and application of protective equipment. The use of stainless steel grades also increases the cost of the product.

Concrete stairs to the second floor

Concrete stairs have significant strength properties when using high quality concrete and proper reinforcement. The wear resistance of the product allows it to be used for half a century. The material provides structural integrity and fire safety with a sufficient variety of forms.

At the same time, the appearance of such a staircase is not distinguished by sophistication and is too cumbersome. Additional finishing of the structure is required without fail. At the same time, the main requirement is to achieve a certain moisture content of the material, which increases the duration of the technological process. Installing a concrete staircase requires certain specialized skills. Concrete has a significant weight, which causes a large load on the load-bearing elements of the building.

Ideally, you can avoid the shortcomings of the described materials and achieve the maximum quality and elegance of the stairs by combining them.

Photos of stairs

In the proposed selection of photos, you can pay attention to the different types of stairs and choose the best option for you.

In a two-story house, it is necessary to place a comfortable, safe and beautiful staircase. You can invite craftsmen or assemble from a ready-made kit, but we will tell you how to design and mount it yourself.

Types of stairs - classification by shape

Stairs to the second floor in a private house differ in their shape. Several designs are used: with marches and helical. The former can be straight 90°, 180° or 360° swivel. Screws are compact, but they are inconvenient to use, especially for young children and the elderly. Marches are convenient, but they take up a significant part of the usable area, especially straight ones. The space below them is often used as utility rooms. The easiest way to build a marching staircase.

It includes one or two marches with steps evenly spaced. Their number is 3–15 if there is more than one march. On average, 8-11 steps are arranged on each march, and there are platforms between them. If there are more stairs with one flight of steps, it is also recommended to arrange platforms in order to increase strength. Steps are open or closed, with risers. Open are convenient with insufficient width of the act.

Mid-flight stairs can be made with small turns, less than 90 °, and are called rotary. At the turn, winder steps are more often arranged instead of a platform.

Stairs with bolts are popular - long rods with threaded ends. They serve to fasten the steps and fencing the structure, which is mounted in the wall. They have a light and airy appearance, but are actually very strong and reliable. The design can be stretched over the entire wall, or it can be built compact. Due to the features of the attachment, it is located only against the wall. It can be assembled from ready-made elements, it is better to entrust the installation to professionals.

Difficult to manufacture, but take up little space, they can be installed anywhere, even in the middle of the living room. Many do just that: the staircase is aesthetically attractive and becomes a decoration of the room. Various designs of these products are known, but for two-story buildings, a model with a rack and wedge-shaped steps is better suited. The rack is attached to the floor and ceiling, and steps spiral to it. On the side there is a handrail repeating the screw shape of the product. Balusters are attached to the handrails and steps.

Materials used - advantages and disadvantages

In addition to the form, the material of the stairs plays an important role. The most affordable material with many advantages is wood. Fashion for him does not pass for centuries. Wood products are durable, beautiful, decorate the house for many years. To maintain the appearance, it is necessary to renew the decorative coating every few years. You can not use paintwork, but emphasize the structure of natural wood.

Between floors they are often arranged as a basis for attaching parts from other materials. For steps use wood, marble, glass. Bare metal is allowed for the whole structure, but contact with it in a cool room is unpleasant. Metal stairs with glass railings look beautiful - light and airy. Glass and metal are well combined with wooden parts made of beech, teak, maple, cedar.

A new word in the manufacture of stairs is the use of special impact-resistant glass. It can withstand heavy loads, it is completely safe to use. The design with a glass staircase only wins with its grace and elegance. It is very effective to use neon bulbs for illumination.

We select materials in accordance with the chosen interior style. Metal is suitable for classic minimalism and baroque. Modern and Scandinavian styles prefer glass. Concrete, marble are typical for the loft style, eclecticism. Concrete is exceptionally durable, specialists make amazing things of incredible beauty out of it.

Product features - what parts does the staircase consist of

The design of the stairs includes many details. Some of them are necessarily present in all products, others are specific, used only in some types. Even the simplest interfloor construction is not complete without supports and steps. The step has two parts: one of them is located horizontally, the other is vertical. The horizontal one is called the step, the vertical one is called the riser. The risers play the role of a support for the tread, but in some cases they do without them.

Marches from a number of steps are mounted on supports. Two of their types are used: bowstring and kosour - beams that differ in location. The bowstring is placed so that it fastens the steps from the end, and the stringer supports from below. Supports are made of thick material: 50–70 mm. The stringers are saw-shaped, steps are placed on the horizontal platform, and risers are placed on the vertical platform. There may be one central one, when the steps rest on the wall, or two. The grooves in the bowstrings for the deed and the risers are cut according to the pattern. Beams are pulled together with wooden or metal strands.

Stairs almost always have railings, although they are not required. But for older people, they are simply necessary. The railings are complemented by balusters - vertical supports between them and the steps. They are often not just a functional element, but play the role of a decorative ornament. They are made from different materials, different shapes. If there are small children in the house, balusters are required to protect them from accidental falls.

For individual structures, details are used that are specific only to them. Spiral staircases cannot do without a rack. It is made of steel pipe or wood, serves as the basis for the entire product. On some models, bolts are used to fasten the steps to the wall - special threaded pins.

Preparation for design - the choice of type, fastening, dimensions

Starting manufacturing, they first decide which type of product is better to use, taking into account the existing conditions. For a private house, options for stairs are possible:

1. 1. Straight lines - easy to calculate and install, convenient to use. Requires a lot of space.
2. 2. Rotary with two or three marches and platforms between them. Staircase turns 90, 180 or 360 degrees to save space.
3. 3. Rotary winders - similar to the previous version. The role of the platforms is played by steps, additionally up to 2 m 2 of area is saved.
4. 4. Screw - very compact, but not very convenient to use. Recommended for rooms with a small area.

We continue the construction with the choice of fastening:

• bolts - mounted on the wall, the design is elegant, but can withstand significant loads;
• rack - used in spiral structures or rotary as an additional fastening;
• bowstring - steps are installed in the internal grooves of the beam, the ends are closed;
• kosour - the upper part of the beam has a figured profile for supporting steps on it, the ends are open.

• the height of the opening between the finishing floors of the first and second floors;
• the width of the opening, which, in addition to being rectangular, can be round, oval, which is determined by the version of the product;
• height from the floor on the ground floor to the ceiling.

Calculations - building codes and formulas

We will show how to design a product using the example of a marching staircase. In order not to make mistakes, you should familiarize yourself with building codes for the construction of stairs. They have been developed over many years of practice and guarantee the safety and ease of use of the product. The main rules that should be followed when performing all calculations in the future:

• the slope of the marches is not more than 45 °;
• not less than 90 cm wide;
• the height of the steps does not exceed 20 cm, the depth is not less than 25 cm;
• the dimensions of all steps are the same;
• fence with a minimum height of 90 cm;
• the location of the balusters in a house with small children after 10–12 cm.

In rotary structures, the dimensions of the inter-march platforms are at least 75 cm, and the winder steps, if used instead of platforms, are at least 20 cm wide.

Further work on the project continues on paper. We draw a plan of the first floor with an indication of all dimensions. On it we mark various ledges, niches, windows, doors, communications. When designing, we try to ensure that they do not overlap with load-bearing structures. We indicate the place of the beginning of the march on the first floor and exit to the second. We try to put down as many dimensions as possible, which will facilitate the installation of the product in the future.

Then we work with the measurements that we performed earlier. We calculate the number of steps: the height of the opening (the distance between the floors of the first and second floors) is divided by the height of one supen. Example: opening 290 cm, step 18 cm. Dividing, we get 16 steps.

We find out the length of the product: we multiply the number of treads (we have 16) by their optimal depth - 25 cm. As a result, we get 4 meters. The length is such that in a small room there may not be enough space. If divided into 2 marches of 8 steps, it will be necessary, taking into account the minimum platform size of 75 cm, almost half the area.

Finally, we find out the length of the supports, it doesn’t matter whether it is for stringers or bowstrings. We apply the Pythagorean theorem: c 2 \u003d a 2 b 2. In this case, a is the length of the product (4 m), b is the opening (2.9 m). It is required to find out c - the length of the supports. We add squares a and b: 16 8.41=24.41. We extract the square root of 24.41, we get 4.94 m - this is the required length of one support. If you do 2 marches, the length will be 3.5 m.

All calculations are applied to the drawing.

A simple solution - a straight marching staircase on stringers

It is easier to mount it yourself on stringers with one straight march. True, at the base, its length will be at least 4 meters, and the span will exceed five. But if the size of the room allows, it will become a decoration of the house. The product calculations are given above, we will tell you how to make parts and assemble the structure with your own hands.

For stringers, we take a dry blank from a hardwood board. We draw a template on cardboard or thin plywood, taking into account the shape of the protrusion and the angle of inclination. We apply it to the beam and cut the mount. At the ends of the stringers, we cut out the grooves for fastening to the upper floor beam and the lower beam. We process the grooves with sandpaper to eliminate burrs. In a prepared place on the floor, we attach the support beam to the anchor bolts. To attach the stringers to the ceiling beam, you can install anchors on it or simply join by cutting.

For the manufacture of a deed, we use a dry board with a thickness after processing of 35 mm or more, 20 mm is enough for risers. The risers can be installed not along the edge of the step, but deepened a little, then a wider board should not be cut. Alternatively, it is possible not to use risers, the design will be easier. We select the length of the parts taking into account the width of the march plus the railing. We cut off the edges on deeds, grind the workpieces. First, a riser is attached to the stringers, then an act. We use wood glue and self-tapping screws. Glue is needed so that the stairs do not creak when walking.

Let's start making railings. They consist of handrails and balusters. For balusters we use square bars, if possible, we grind them on a lathe or buy beautiful carved ones. They are mounted on steps, usually one baluster each. We fasten with self-tapping screws, the caps of which are closed with decorative plugs.

The assembly is over, it began to apply paints and varnishes that will simultaneously protect the tree from moisture and perform decorative functions. First, we grind the assembled product again, removing the smallest burrs and burrs. For painting, we use paint, varnish or a protective colorless composition, tinting agent. Paint, varnish, we choose those that do not have the properties to create a smooth surface. It is easy to get injured on slippery steps.

Spiral staircase - a turnkey solution with drawings

A spiral staircase for self-production should be easy to install and be safe. The width of the steps plays a decisive role in the prevention of injuries. They are winder in spiral structures, there are no intermediate platforms. There are several ways of fastening: on the walls, on the stringers, on the bolts. They are quite complex for calculations and installation. The best and most reliable way for a home is to mount it on a rack.

The structure is made of wood or metal. The wooden product, varnished, looks very beautiful, gives comfort. Any solid wood species can be used. For handrails, it is better to use a combination of wood and metal. For steps, in addition to wood, metal, artificial marble, and glass are also used. A metal pipe is perfect for a rack. Steps are attached to it by couplings, bolts or welding, depending on the material of the steps. Brick, concrete, wood are also used for the central rack. The main thing is that it can withstand the load.

It should be observed so that it is comfortable and safe. One of the most important is the distance between the step on which the person stands and the one above his head. In order not to touch the head, it should be 2 meters. The width of the staircase is chosen not less than 90 cm, with dimensions of more than 1.5 m along the edge, the installation of a stringer will be required. The stairway should be 10 cm wider than the diameter of the stairs at each end so as not to scratch your hands when using the railing when exiting to the second floor. Below are the drawings for calculating the spiral staircase

The best type of spiral staircase is with a metal central support made of a pipe with a diameter of 50 mm. To your attention step by step instructions for its manufacture:

1. 1. We install the support vertically, checking with a plumb line and level. We fasten to the wooden floor with bolts, using fasteners, pour it into the concrete. Mounting in this way will ensure the reliability of the entire product.
2. 2. We take another pipe of a slightly larger diameter in order to cut sleeves from it. We cut them perpendicularly with a height of 23–26 cm. The sleeves should be tightly placed on the rack. If it was not possible to select a pipe of the required diameter for the sleeve, rings for sealing can be welded.
3. 3. Then we proceed to the manufacture of steps. They must be the same. To achieve this, we make a conductor from chipboard and a pipe equal in diameter to the sleeve.
4. 4. We lay the profile pipe in the conductor and connect it by welding - the base for the site has come out. Then we connect all bases with sleeves by welding at the same distance from their edge. To withstand the distance, we use a conductor.
5. 5. We weld a bracket to the lower part of the base from the front side, equal in height to the distance between adjacent steps. You can make and weld risers, which is somewhat more difficult.
6. 6. We string the sleeves with metal platforms on the rack, unfold them like a fan. We weld the bracket going from the top step to the bottom.
7. 7. We weld sleeves together, install railings with balusters. The method of fastening depends on the material from which they are made. It is possible to use metal, wood, plastic or a combination of them.
8. 8. Having collected all the elements, we clean the welding seams, cover the entire structure with nitro enamel. We cover the wooden parts with paint, if the texture is rich - with a colorless varnish or tinting agent.

It is not difficult to create interfloor stairs for a person with elementary construction experience, and the pleasure from the result will be great.

The shape and structure depend on the finish inside, the height of the ceilings, the area of ​​​​the room. A march is called one span, according to their number, it is customary to classify all stairs. For private two-story house the most common are one- or two-march climbs.

Spiral staircase

The screw model, or spiral, has a special charm, it looks especially good in houses made in empire, rococo, modern. Its openwork railing evokes associations with a fairy-tale castle. However, in real life this is not very convenient. Spirals were created for small spaces where it was not possible to install a wide passage. may not be safe for young children and the elderly. In the center of it is a support - a wooden or metal pipe, to which a narrow edge is attached.

Spiral steps

To make climbing safe, the width of the central part must be at least 25 cm, and the main wide part must be no more than 40 cm. The smaller the size of the opening in which it is installed, the steeper the steps for it. In modern houses, screw models are used infrequently; they can play an auxiliary role for climbing to the roof or descending to the basement. You can also use the helical design if you need an unusual exit to the . They can also be used as the main ones in houses to create a special atmosphere.

DIY calculations

Classic mid-flight stairs with any features (straight, rectangular, rotary) are used in houses much more often. They have many design ideas, are much safer and fit any design. The marching structure was created for spacious rooms, and in order to carry out its calculation and calculate the dimensions and dimensions, it is necessary to know the height of the ceiling and the length of the floor section. The ideal angle is 45 degrees.

The correct design should take into account the biomechanics of movement, ideally it should have at least 3 and no more than 15 steps (an average of 10-11, if the dimensions allow it). If their number is greater, platforms are made between them, equal in size to the size of the march. The height may vary depending on the type of room in which it is installed.

The marching type can be with or without risers (open and closed types). With them, they all look more massive and solid, they are suitable for spacious rooms,. Models without risers look more modern, their main advantage is that they do not visually burden the space and can even be used in. Open - fit perfectly into any modern design.

Marching models can be:

• straight;
• curved;
• rotary.

The type with a turn occupies a smaller area than a straight one, as a rule, it is installed near the walls. Under it is convenient to have a closet or pantry.

Bolts and railing options

Bolts can be distinguished as a separate category - special fasteners installed along the wall. The steps of this model are held on bolts attached to the wall itself. This is the best solution for modern housing. The advantages of such solutions are that they look very light and weightless, allow lighting to penetrate into all corners of the room. This staircase is best suited for, loft, constructivism. It will also be a real find for small rooms, because the width can be the smallest.

Advice! If the lift with bolts has narrow steps, it is necessary to equip it with railings. With wide and safe passages, you can do without railings at all, which will make the environment even more airy.

Stairs are an important functional element not only for multi-storey buildings, but also for houses with attics and basements. In order for the structure to be comfortable and reliable, its dimensions must comply with SNiPs, and the material and shape must comply with the type of structure. How to assemble the structure with your own hands and what nuances should be taken into account - read below.

Metal stairs are considered the most durable and strong. But, firstly, in order to assemble them, you must have experience with a welding machine. And, secondly, the metal frame does not always fit into the interior of the room (“naked” metal stairs will be appropriate in loft, hi-tech, minimalism interiors).

The easiest way to make a structure on a metal frame with your own hands is to purchase a modular device with fasteners in the kit, which is assembled as a designer. The convenience and durability of this design is evidenced by numerous positive reviews on the network. In private wooden houses and cottages, you can often find wooden stairs that are distinguished by their spectacular appearance, reliability and lightness (which is important for a wooden house). In addition, a tree should also be chosen for stairs in new timber buildings (due to shrinkage of the material).

According to fire safety regulations, in houses with a floor of two or more, metal stairs should be installed that can guarantee evacuation from the upper floors in case of fire.

The shape of a simple staircase

The shape of both metal and wooden stairs can be any: from straight structures to spiral ones. The easiest to assemble with your own hands are considered to be standard straight single-flight stairs. The disadvantages of the structures include the fact that, due to the angle of inclination (if the staircase is designed taking into account all SNiP), they take up quite a lot of space on the lower floors.

Therefore, in a room limited in size, two-flight structures should be placed. The advantage of such stairs is that they can be used to save space in a small space: for example, an intermediate platform can be used as a “box” for storing household equipment and tools, and a closet, a sanitary unit can be placed under the march itself.

A simple staircase in the house: basic requirements

Regardless of the material of manufacture and shape (straight or rotary), the simplest stairs are divided into the following types: with one or two stringers; open (without risers) and closed. The most comfortable and reliable are designs on two bowstrings with risers.

In addition, for maximum safety and convenience, it is necessary that the design:

1. It was designed for a load exceeding the weight of a person with an average build.
2. It had handrails and balusters with a height of at least 900 mm, located at a distance of no more than 15 cm (if there are small children in the house, then you can protect the stairs on the sides with a plexiglass cloth or mesh).
3. It was tilted at an angle of 35-45 degrees (for stairs in the utility room, the angle of inclination may be greater).
4. It was equipped with steps with a width of 25-35 cm and a height of 15-20 cm.

In addition, a comfortable staircase should be well lit, have upper and lower frieze steps, and a passage height of at least two meters.

When designing stairs, it should be taken into account that the height of the passage should be 50 mm more than the height of the tallest member of the family.

Dimensions of a simple staircase

The dimensions of the stairs determine the level of its convenience and safety. The safest, according to fire safety rules, are structures with a march width of 1.25-1.50 m (for a garden house, this value can be reduced to 800 cm, provided that a simple structure is located along the wall). The height of the stairs is calculated according to the finished floors of the upper and lower floors. The number of steps in the march is calculated by dividing the height of the stairs by the optimal height of the riser.

There are two ways to calculate the length of a ladder:

1. Using the Pythagorean theorem (the length of the structure will be equal to the sum of the height of the room and the length of the projection of the stairs onto the floor squared).
2. By multiplying the number of treads by their depth.

Using the second method, it should be remembered that the treads of the last one and the steps in front of the running platform are not taken into account.

Do-it-yourself metal simple staircase to the second floor

An ordinary staircase on a metal frame is a strong and durable structure that allows you to quickly and safely climb to the second floor.

Assembling a ladder on a metal frame with your own hands involves the following procedure:

1. Calculation of all components of the stairs: from parts of the metal frame to the height and width of steps (made of wood, drywall, glass, etc.).
2. Cutting of metal and selected material for steps. You can do it yourself or at a hardware store.
3. Production of filly from metal corners - elements on which steps will be installed. The size of the filly is calculated for each design individually. Elements are welded shelves down and inward.
4. Installation of fillies on stringers by welding.
5. Installation of metal crossbars across each pair of corners and holders for steps.
6. Installation of stringers.
7. Sanding of irregularities and joints in the places of welding.
8. Priming of the metal frame and painting it with waterproof paint.
9. Installation of steps from the material selected and prepared in advance.
10. Installation of balusters, railings.

Balusters can be installed on the base by welding or to the end of the step with bolts.

Do-it-yourself wooden ordinary staircase

It is easier to assemble a ladder made of wood: lumber can be cut to order at a hardware store, and for mounting elements, most often, a conventional screwdriver is used.

When choosing lumber for stairs, you should focus on hardwoods: for example, a pine board 4 cm wide for stringers. Steps can also be made from pine, and risers can be made from needles.

A wooden staircase is assembled from the installation of a running platform (if the staircase is two-flight): a frame is made of timber, reinforced in the middle with stiffeners, on which a wooden rectangular flooring is mounted. Simply put, the assembled platform should resemble a stool in appearance.

Next comes the assembly of the flight of stairs (first the lower one - to the platform): steps and risers are installed on the stringers with the help of nails and screws. There is another installation method - the steps crash into the bowstrings. For the installation of balusters and fence posts, anchors or studs are used. After - handrails are installed.

To give the structure additional strength, after mounting the steps, the stringers are tightened with metal ties installed on the thread with a distance of 2-3 steps.

Upon completion of the assembly, the structure is sanded and puttied, painted in the desired color and covered with several layers of varnish.

The design of the simplest stairs (video)

The staircase is an important architectural component of any building, which allows you to freely move between the tiers of the building. The simplest design can be made both on a wooden and metal frame. Which option to choose depends on the wishes and skills of the master. The main thing, at the same time, is that the staircase is assembled taking into account building codes and regulations. Then the device will be as convenient and safe as possible!

The construction of a two-, three-story cottage involves the presence of a staircase. Without it, access to the basement, underground garage, attic space will be problematic.
It is important not to forget that the staircase is a complex engineering structure. Its design and construction cannot be carried out according to the residual principle. The location, material, project is determined in advance. The wooden staircase to the second floor is the most beautiful option for your choice.

For private households, the use of two main types of stair climbs is typical: marching and screw. Marching - with one or more spans separated by intermediate platforms. The most spectacular, but also expensive are screw. It is recommended to involve specialists with relevant experience in their construction, calculation of the number and width of steps.

In this article, we will consider in more detail all the popular types of stairs, their advantages and disadvantages. But you need to start with the choice of wood:

• maple looks good, varnishing will emphasize the structure. But when bending, cracks and breaks will appear on the surface;
• beech is considered one of the most durable options, but is not intended for use in conditions of high constant humidity;
• oak is both durable and beautiful. The only drawback is the high price;
• larch and pine are budget options. Approved for use subject to antiseptic treatment from rot and bugs.

How to make a wooden spiral staircase to the second floor with your own hands

If, in accordance with the plan of the house, a minimum space is allocated for the placement of interfloor passages, the screw modification will be indispensable. It is mounted both in the center of the room, hall or corridor, and against the wall.

Types of spiral staircases

There are four main types depending on the method of fastening steps:

• directly to the central, supporting column, assembled from metal parts, lined with brick or stone;
• treads are placed on top of each other. Their intersection becomes a support column;
• with fastening to stringers or bowstrings. The central support may be absent or used as an additional element that provides strength. Railings and bolts are used as a link;
• steps in addition to the stringer or the central rack are attached to the wall.

Benefits of a spiral staircase

The first thing to mention is the elegant appearance. The number of design and finish options is endless: from gothic and wrought iron railings to high-tech and postmodernism. There is no feeling of "heaviness", a light "transparent" design does not distract attention, while visually "increasing" the height of the ceilings.

Do not forget about saving space. Not everyone has the opportunity to allocate half the floor for the placement of stairs. And modern technologies and materials make it possible not to spend half of the state on organizing transitions from floor to floor.

Important points during construction

A spiral staircase is built subject to the following criteria:

• the distance between floors or intermediate platforms is at least 2 meters;
• for the manufacture of the central support, a pipe with a wall thickness of 4 mm or more is used. Column diameter - 50-60 mm and more;
• at the support, the depth of the steps is not less than 10 cm, at the railing - 40 cm. For treads in the shape of a rectangle, the optimal depth is 20 cm or more. For one full turn (3600), at least 12 steps up to 1 meter wide are required. Moving two at the same time is quite difficult, not to mention lifting or lowering furniture.

Expert opinion

Sergey Yurievich

You can build a spiral staircase yourself. But the calculation of the number of treads, their height and turn requires special knowledge. To avoid mistakes and subsequent rework, it is better to contact specialists, at least at the design stage. If you decide to go through all the stages yourself, listen to the following tips:

• the best material is beech or oak wood. It has good strength, can withstand decades of operation;
• there should be no sharp edges or nicks. After sanding and sanding, all wooden parts are varnished with parquet;
• the first baluster is not attached to the first step, but to the floor next to it for greater structural strength.

Straight wooden staircase to the second floor

A single-flight span is the easiest way to organize movement around the house. It has both advantages and disadvantages. The advantages include:

1. simplicity of design, ease of movement and a minimum of preliminary calculations. Even with little experience, but with due diligence, the manufacture and installation of stringers can be completed in a few days;
2. it is enough to make a sample of the tread and riser, and cut out all the details on them in the future;
3. if space along the wall is chosen for placement, then it is advisable to fasten one edge of the steps to a brick or concrete partition to increase strength.

There is also a disadvantage to be noted. Ideally, the slope ranges from 26-450, and the stairs take up a lot of space. You will have to decide where to place it and what to do with the space under the stairs.

Design parameters

It is not worth neglecting the design stage even if we are talking about 2-3 steps. The project helps to determine both the appearance and the overall length and other technical characteristics. Regardless of the wishes of the owner in terms of registration, the requirements of SNiP remain the same for all modifications of flights of stairs:

• step height - no more than 20 cm. Both the riser and the tread itself are taken into account;
• depth - not less than 25-30 cm;
• when calculating the width, they are guided by the dimensions of the doorways. The standard prescribes that a flight of stairs designed to move one person should not be narrower than 80 cm;
• boards are selected well-dried with a thickness of at least 4 cm, without knots, cracks, or other defects that can lead to deformation. If you are ordering wood parts to be made in-house, make sure they are the same size, sanded, sanded and polished.

Why do you need a layout

Construction work begins with a plywood layout. Don't give up if you don't have enough experience. It is better to spend a few extra days, but avoid fatal mistakes.

Exact copies of stringers, risers and treads are cut out of plywood. They are assembled, "fitting" at the installation site. The dimensions, ease of use, placement of balusters under the railing are being specified. It is quite possible that you will have to add / reduce the number of steps, adjust the height of the lowest one.