Two-story dachas. Garden houses. Is any permission needed

You must have certain knowledge. This is usually an impossible task for many summer residents. To draw up a project country houses Not only knowledge of the basics of drawing is required, but also certain specific skills.

Project and drawing of a country house with an attic

In principle, country houses have a simple design and it would seem very simple to create a drawing of such a structure. But this is not entirely true. Creating such a project is considered a professional task that requires complete project documentation.

Today it is very easy to download such drawings on the World Wide Web. Moreover, for every summer resident it is offered large selection various designs home, materials, and appropriate appearance.

Project of a country house with an attic and a balcony

For country houses you need to choose the right one. It is made inclined or flat.
When the truss system of houses has sloping roof, the rafters are attached to two load-bearing walls. For greater reliability, the rafter beams are reinforced with additional columns, and sometimes a middle partition is installed.

The drawings of country houses also include a showing of the sheathing for attaching the roof. It can have several types:

solid;
intermediate.

When calculating the sheathing, it is necessary to take into account:

Roof slope;
Material;
Fasteners;
Auxiliary stops.

Taking into account all the listed features, it will be possible to create a project for a future country house and complete it.

Planning the first floor

For example, an attic may look like a small room. It can be easily turned into a dressing room or a bedroom.

Project and layout of the attic and first floor country house 7x7

If you plan to install a fireplace on the attic floor, you must provide a chimney outlet in advance. For an aesthetic appearance, you can make a small open balcony on the attic floor. After the drawing of the other floors and the attic is ready, a roof design is made based on all the features of the attic.

The completed drawing indicates the connection of all engineering communications, be sure to mark the location of electrical outlets.

The facade of the country house is drawn completely separately, showing appearance buildings. Based on this drawing, the angle of inclination of the roof is selected and the required number of windows is calculated. On last stage the material is selected and its calculation is made required quantity.

Finished projects

If you use already made country house projects, which are very easy to download on the Internet, you can significantly reduce the cost of building a country house.

Option for the design and layout of a house for a summer residence measuring 4.2x6.6

When choosing a finished project, you first need to determine what it should look like and how many rooms it will have. It will depend on this suitable layout, dimensions and number of floors.

Of course, to start building your country house, you need to have a good idea of what it should look like. For this you need a visualization of the house. This is the only way to explain to builders what is required of them.

The dacha is an outlet, a favorite hobby for people living in the city. Construction of garden houses is not only process, but also special ritual, for which they carefully prepare.

Project of a finished frame garden house with a veranda

More often than not, a house needs to be placed on a limited area, so compactness, convenience, and a thoughtful approach to all details play a significant role when choosing a project.

Based on an analysis of customer wishes for country houses, designers have developed many standard projects. The line includes inexpensive options just like cabins. , for placement on small, frame, panel buildings.

Design and layout of the first floor and attic of a typical wooden building for a summer cottage

For suburban garden areas with a larger area, cottage projects from 100 to 200 sq. m., including attic type.

But before choosing a project and adapting it to the site, you need to take into account the legal norms for the construction of country houses. Formal building permit garden house not required in a special purpose partnership. But if you need to register a building, get an address, that is, transfer it to the status of individual housing construction, difficulties will arise.

Sample application form for obtaining permission to build a garden building

Construction of a frame and panel house

High construction speed, good performance frame buildings made them popular.

Their main advantages:

The supporting structure of the frame garden building is made of wood.

Construction sequence

They start by preparing the site. It is leveled, cleared of debris, and plants are uprooted. Then they make a bedding out of sand and crushed stone and compact it.

They install the foundation and lower covering of the house. , roofing felt will do. Install vertical posts, starting from the corners of the building.

They are secured with an upper strap. The structure is reinforced with bevels.

The process of assembling a frame for panel garden housing

Then install it step by step:

The last stage is assembly and.
All wooden elements frame structure made only from dry wood (within 12% humidity).

They are impregnated with agents that prevent the penetration of moisture, antiseptics.

Construction of a house from timber

Somewhat more expensive. Their advantage is that they do not require additional external finishing. Timber is an environmentally friendly material.
There are three types of timber:

The installation diagram and sequence are similar. The installation of the walls is different. The numbered timber is the elements wooden construction set Houses. Wall crowns are laid out from them sequentially. They are connected to each other wooden fastenings(dowels). In parallel with the assembly of the outer walls, the inner walls are assembled by inserting the partition elements into the grooves of the outer structures.

Scheme of connecting timber using dowels

After purchasing a country plot for a summer residence, it becomes necessary to topical issue about how to build a country house with your own hands. Well, building it yourself is quite possible, unless, of course, you are planning a huge “palace” that requires the involvement of construction equipment and a team of professionals.

Usually compact buildings are chosen for a dacha, but, nevertheless, the house must have everything necessary for rest - rooms, kitchen, veranda. The latter will become a favorite place for an evening pastime the whole family. It is very important to make the country house cozy and comfortable, so you need to think through all the nuances of its arrangement.

The optimal material for country house building is wood, and the principle of construction is frame construction.

Of course, the first thing that will need to be done is to decide on the location and size of the building, draw up a project, and plan further work.

Proe ct of a small country house

The size of the future house largely depends on the area of the summer cottage, the number of family members and the financial capabilities of the owners. If you plan correctly, draw up successful project and choose inexpensive but high-quality material for construction, you can save space, money and work time.

In any case, the first steps are drawing up a project

Most often, a country house has a size of 5.0 × 6.0 or 4.0 × 6.0 m. Larger buildings are erected much less frequently, and mainly in cases where they are planned to be used year-round. But this, most likely, will not be a country house, but a full-fledged country house.

The layout of the house may have to be carried out on the basis of requirements that can be established by the board of the gardening association, therefore, when purchasing, you need to find out about such nuances in advance. The following distances are most often required:

The house must be installed at a distance of 3 meters from the border of the neighboring plot, and from the fence separating the plot from the general passage (street) - 5 meters.
To ensure fire safety stone house from another stone building they are placed at a distance of at least six meters, and from a wooden building - ten. If the house is wooden, then it should be installed at a distance of no closer than 15 meters from another wooden building.
So that the house does not block neighboring buildings from sunlight if it is located in the east, south or west side plot, it is located at a distance from another residential building, at least equal to its height.

Usually, to install a country house, the highest place in the area where Water will not collect when snow melts or from heavy rains. Increased humidity under the house will never benefit any building material, but it will always have a negative impact on the overall strength and durability of the structure.

Most often, the following construction technologies are chosen for the construction of country houses: frame-panel construction, log houses, walls made of blocks or bricks.

For summer cottages projects of one-story houses with closed or open verandas, or terraces. Often a building has an attic space used for storing garden tools and other things that seem unnecessary in everyday life, but which can always be useful in the country. However, it also happens that in some projects there are no attic floor beams at all, and then the roof slopes simultaneously serve as a ceiling.

If the family is large, and the area of the plot is not as large as we would like, then you can plan two-story house, taking up very little space at the base. In this case, the first floor can be used as a living room, terrace and kitchen, and on the second floor you can arrange cozy sleeping areas for the whole family.

Not at all necessary in a dacha building, build a full second floor, since its role can be perfectly fulfilled by an attic superstructure. By decorating it with natural materials, you can create a wonderful, healthy country atmosphere.

Country houses are mainly used in the warm season, starting with the arrival of spring and ending in autumn. Therefore, they do not require enhanced insulation of walls and roofs, but devices for heating the premises must still be provided - in case of cold nights or a drop in temperature during unstable weather. Typically, electrical appliances are used as heaters, for example, convectors or infrared film emitters, but sometimes owners even prefer to install fireplaces or cast-iron heating and cooking stoves.

By the way, if you plan to build a real fireplace or brick stove, then they must be included in the project being compiled.

There are also ready-made options country houses, sold complete in disassembled form, which just need to be delivered to the site and assembled. Any such set of parts must be accompanied by detailed instructions, which outline the procedure for carrying out the work, basic technological techniques and connection diagrams individual elements and nodes.

For the owner of the site, who has basic skills construction work, will not amount to a lot of work assemble a similar country house yourself. The main advantage of this option is that often the kit already includes everything necessary for the electrical network of the building, for its ventilation system and even for installation of water supply.

Video: a small, neat country house that lives up to its name

What type of house to choose?

Having decided on rough plan future house, you need to choose the material for its construction. This choice will determine not only the appearance of the building itself, but also the comfort of staying in it, as well as the costs of its construction.

The traditional material for a country house is wood, which will create a favorable microclimate in it, filling it with the smells of the forest. Wooden house can be erected using a frame method, from timber or logs. The disadvantage of wooden buildings is considered to be the high fire hazard of the material.

However, wooden houses have always been built, and many of them have stood for centuries. Today, there are special fire-retardant impregnations on sale that significantly reduce the risk of fire in wooden buildings. And in general - the most important thing here is not the material, but the human factor - it is people’s neglect of basic fire safety requirements that in the overwhelming majority of cases becomes the cause of fire.

Construction brick structure will cost much more, but it can be called with greater justification a full-fledged home, which can be used not only in the summer, but also, if necessary, in the winter, if you install a stove in it. Brick buildings They are much less susceptible to fire and, with high-quality masonry, will last a very long time. Their disadvantages include a more complex and lengthy construction process that requires special skills, and high price for materials.

Very often when building a country house they are used different materials. For example, a house is built from wood, but on a foundation made of concrete, brick or blocks.

This option can be called optimal, since a foundation made of moisture-resistant materials will create optimal conditions for the construction of walls made of wood, thus it will become a reliable foundation for the house.

It is this last option that is worth considering, since it is the most popular of all types of country houses.

Stages of construction of a country house

Materials for building a country house

If you don’t want to bother with calculations, then it’s better to buy a team finished model a house with a certain area, for which you only need to prepare a place.

In all other cases, you will need to purchase building materials. Their type, size, volume, total number - all depending on the size of the planned building, which is determined by the project.

Prices for various types timber

Foundation material

For any type of foundation you will need the following materials:

— sand, crushed stone, cement;

- third-grade board and timber for formwork;

- brick or concrete blocks;

— waterproofing material(ruberoid);

— expanded clay of the middle fraction.

Wall and roof material

Since wood was chosen for the construction of the walls, other materials will be selected based on this:

- bars and boards different sizes, depending on design parameters;

- fastening elements - nails, self-tapping screws, bolts, studs;

- corners different configurations, metal plates - for fastening nodes;

— vapor barrier film ;

— insulation — mineral wool, ecowool or expanded clay;

— to cover the roof, it is better to choose a lightweight material — ondulin or corrugated sheeting.

Once the installation location for the future house has been determined and the materials have been purchased, you can proceed to arranging the foundation. True, first you will have to decide on its type.

Country house foundation

Even when constructing such a small and light building as a wooden country house, you cannot do without a foundation. In this case, one of two types is ideal for these purposes - columnar and strip foundation. Which one to choose depends on the preferences of the builder.

A column foundation will be a less expensive option, as it will allow you to seriously save on building materials. In addition, such a foundation can be completed independently, without outside help, which will also save some money.

You can find out in detail how to build it correctly by following this link to the corresponding page of our portal.

To create a strip foundation, you will need not only a larger amount of materials, but also a fairly long period of time. This is not surprising - a trench will need to be dug around the entire perimeter of the future house, waterproof it, install a reinforcement structure, build formwork and fill the foundation pit with concrete. And after that, whether you like it or not, it will take another month until the filled tape completely hardens and gains brand strength.

However, strip foundations are still very popular among individual developers. This option is convenient because it allows you to make basement However, for this, the foundation walls will have to be raised above the soil surface by 700 ÷ 800 mm. is described in detail in the article, which can be found on our portal by following the link provided.

If selected columnar foundation, then it is recommended to remove top layer soil by 150 ÷ 200 mm. Then pour a 30 ÷ 40 mm layer of sand into the resulting pit, which should be compacted. Above sand cushion layer is laid mid-fraction crushed stone and is also compacted, and the remaining space must be filled with expanded clay of the middle fraction. All these procedures are done to ensure that small rodents cannot get close to the house. They cannot stand expanded clay (especially small ones), as it contains large number dust and has a loose surface.

Fine expanded clay is an excellent rodent repellent

To protect the house from the penetration of large rodents or other uninvited guests from the animal world, it is advisable to close the space under the house metal mesh with cells no larger than 10 mm.

Construction of a frame structure

For a country house optimal choice- frame structure

A frame house can be placed on either a columnar or strip foundation. Construction always starts from the foundation, which must be reliably waterproofed two or three layers of laid roofing felt.

If the project includes a veranda, you must immediately separate its zone, over which a roof will be erected, but there will be no solid walls. To support the roof over the veranda, you can use the racks of the general wall frame. Another option - veranda will be attached to the house separately.
Without exception, all wooden workpieces must be treated with antiseptic compounds and fire retardants. These impregnations will increase the resistance of wood to fire, to decay, will prevent the appearance of insect nests or colonies of microflora representatives - mold or fungus.

After the workpieces have received proper preparation and are completely dry, during construction, a lower frame (crown) is first made, which will be laid on the foundation and will subsequently be used to install the floor.

In order for the floor to be reliable, for the frame it is necessary to take quality bars the required section. If funds allow, then it is better to choose wooden elements not according to the “lower limit” of dimensions, but by placing a certain margin in their cross-section.

The table shows optimal sizes timber for a frame house:

The frame support beams are mounted on crown bars located along the perimeter of the foundation, at a distance of 600 ÷ 700 mm from each other. They are secured using corners or by inserting. If the elements have large size in cross-section, they can additionally be fastened with metal staples.

When the lower frame with support beams is ready, the wall frames are made. They can be collected separately and then finished form raised and secured to frame strapping bars.

Another option is to lift the frame directly into place. For example, if a house is being erected independently, without helpers, then it will be very difficult to lift the finished frame from the tent alone to the height of the frame, install it evenly and temporarily fix it until it is finally secured. This means that each of the bars will have to be placed separately.

The size of the bars for the wall frame posts must be at least 100x100 mm, but it can also be mounted from boards with a cross-section of at least 50x150 mm.

The bars are secured to the lower frame using powerful corners that can hold them in a vertical position. It is best to use self-tapping screws rather than nails for fastening - the difference in price is not so significant, but the quality and reliability of the assembly is incomparably higher.

When installing vertical racks, you need to immediately mark the location of the openings for windows and doors. It is best to leave the area where they are to be installed free in the frame, and install the part of the wall with the window opening separately.

Then, when the upper strapping block is installed and secured to all other vertical posts, the area with the window opening is secured to the space left for it.

All four walls are assembled in the same way. On the corners side racks They are fastened together with corners, or instead of two separate ones, one common corner post is mounted. It is recommended to support it with diagonal struts on both sides - they will add rigidity to the entire wall structure.

The doorway is installed in the frame immediately. It is reinforced with an additional rack, since a door suspended on hinges has a certain weight, which must be calmly supported by both the reinforced opening and the entire wall frame.

If you plan to sheathe the frame with outside clapboard, then the next step is to carry out this event. The sheathing will give the structure additional rigidity, which will allow the installation of the attic floor to continue and

Floor installation can be carried out immediately after external cladding walls, but only if the roof is covered with roofing on the same day. It is highly undesirable for your freshly laid flooring to get wet if it rains unexpectedly at night. Therefore, it is better to first resolve the issue with the roof, and then calmly deal with all other construction activities inside the house.

Roof construction and roofing

Types of rafter systems

A few words need to be said about the types of rafter systems, since, moving on to the construction of the roof, it is necessary to have general idea about this, know which design is better to choose.

There are two types of rafter systems - hanging and layered.

Hanging system

The hanging rafter system is distinguished by the fact that it is installed only on external load-bearing walls and has no other supports. It is perfect for erecting over a small country house building. In order to ease the burden on wooden walls and on the foundation hanging rafters are fastened with a tie.

The hanging structure itself consists of a transverse beam, which also performs an overlapping function, and can simultaneously serve as a frame for lining the ceiling, as well as rafter legs that form the roof slopes.

Layered system

A layered system is installed if the house, in addition to external walls, has internal permanent partitions that will become additional support points. This scheme can also be used when constructing the roof of a country house, if it has large area and its rooms are divided by walls built on foundations.

When installing this system, the load on the carriers side walls becomes weaker, so fewer supporting elements can be used. It's great for attic structures which will be used as living quarters.

Floor beams

An important structural element is the floor beams

The beams are laid exactly above vertical posts wall frame. In order for them to fit tightly on the upper strapping belt, grooves are cut out on their edges. The size of the grooves can be calculated based on the formula shown in the figure.

The beams are fixed to frame structure walls using nails or self-tapping screws, and additionally they are sometimes fixed on both sides with metal corners.

Having completed the installation of the covering beams, you can proceed to the alignment rafter system roofs. For safety reasons, temporary boardwalk to ensure comfortable movement along the attic plane during installation of rafters.

Installation of the rafter system

The roof truss system can be mounted using different sequences of fastening its elements:

First option. It is necessary to fasten the outer pairs of rafter legs on the ground, then lift them onto the harness and install them ready-made on the gable walls of the house. And then connect them with a ridge beam, and mount the remaining pairs of rafters on it.
Second option. To begin, install the middle posts along the gables, then fasten them with a ridge beam or board, onto which the rafters are then attached.
Third option. In this case, pairs of rafter legs in their upper part are attached to each other with a ridge plate, and their lower side is fixed to the wall frame, which in this embodiment will act as a mauerlat.

The cross-section of beams or logs used for rafter legs must be strictly maintained - depending on rafter length between two support points, and depending on step between adjacent pairs of rafters

Maximum permissible length rafter leg(in mm)	Rafter spacing (in mm)
	1100		1400		1750		2100
	*Section of the rafter leg (in mm)*
	bars with cross-section	logs Ø	bars with cross-section	logs Ø	bars with cross-section	logs Ø	bars with cross-section	logs Ø
up to 3000	80×100	100	80×100	130	90×100	150	90×160	160
up to 3600	80×130	130	80×160	160	80×180	180	90×180	180
up to 4300	80×160	160	80×180	180	90×180	180	100×200	200
up to 5000	80×180	180	80×200	200	100×200	200	-	-
up to 5800	80×200	200	100×200	200	-	-	-	-
up to 6500	100×200	200	120×220	240	-	-	-	-

It should be noted that the attachment point for the rafters in its lower part will depend on the angle at which they are fastened to the ridge and how long they are.

If the rafter is long enough and protrudes beyond the load-bearing walls, then a notch is cut out on it, with which it will be installed on the strapping beam (). An example of such a notch is shown in the picture:

If the rafter ends at the edge load-bearing wall, then its lower edge is cut at a right angle to the Mauerlat, and the leg itself can be fixed to it using a special fastening plate, a sliding support, an angle, a bracket, nails or long self-tapping screws.

If the house is very small, then after securing the rafters to the frame, tying them with ridge beams or boards, you most likely will not have to install additional supporting elements.

Detailed information about the exact details can be obtained from a special publication on our portal by following the recommended link:

For installation of additional reinforcing elements of the rafter system, the material can be selected in accordance with the recommendations indicated in the table:

Prices for various types of fasteners for rafters

Rafter fasteners

Roofing system

After the rafters and additional elements will form the roof slopes, you can proceed to the installation of the subsystem for the roof deck.

The first thing that needs to be done on the outside of the roof, after installing the rafters, is to lay a vapor barrier film, securing it first with staples and then with counter-lattice strips on the rafters.

The film is laid perpendicular to the rafters, starting from the lower eaves of the roof. The overlap between two adjacent strips must be at least 200 mm.

The main batten is mounted perpendicular to the counter-lattice, onto which the roofing material will be attached. The installation step of the guides depends on the type and size of the sheets of roofing material.

If you choose to cover the roof soft roof, then instead of sheathing slats, the slopes are covered completely - with plywood, and then with waterproofing sheets of roofing material, which is overlapped by 150 ÷ 200 mm and glued together with bitumen mastic. Another option is to use soft bitumen decorative tiles, which are laid using a similar technology.

For wooden houses the following are most often used: roofing materials(depending on the steepness of the roof slope).

The selected roofing material is laid and secured onto the prepared base. The work starts from the cornice, and if the first row is laid from right to left, then all other rows are installed according to the same pattern.

Some types of roofing materials have a strictly defined installation pattern in direction, which cannot be changed. This must be indicated in the instructions supplied with them.

Also, for any type of sheet roofing material, the amount of overlap in the direction of the slope (usually 150 ÷ 200 mm) and the number of waves (relief protrusions) in the horizontal direction along the roof are determined.

Almost all roofing materials are secured to the sheathing using special nails or self-tapping screws with waterproofing gaskets.

It is very important to correctly select and secure the ridge elements of the roof, otherwise it will leak at the first rain. Typically, the ridge element is selected from the same material as the covering of the roof slopes.
Next comes finishing eaves overhang roofs - this can be done with wooden or plastic lining. Sometimes special ones are used for these purposes. plastic elements– spotlights.

Then elements of the roof drainage system are installed on the wind board - funnels, gutters on brackets, pipes, etc.

Next, the gable sides of the rafter system are sheathed. Most often, wooden or plastic lining or even planed boards.

For the lining along the perimeter of the pediment triangle, a special profile is fixed into which the prepared and cut under the right angle panels. Installation is usually done symmetrically - from the middle post to one side and then the other - then the cladding will be smooth and neat.

By the way, install the lining, Besides, you can do it horizontally, in a herringbone pattern, or come up with a more complex pattern.

Detailed information about the technology can be found in the article posted on our website by clicking on link.

Now, having finished the external finishing of the roof and being confident that rain will no longer get inside the country house, you can move on to installing windows and doors, insulation, flooring and wall cladding.

Installation of windows and doors

Window frames are mounted in the frame openings left for them and leveled. For preliminary fixation when placing the frame, spacers made of wooden blocks or slats are installed between it and the opening bars.

Then, after checking the correct installation, the frames are attached to the wall frame with metal strips. The remaining gaps between the frame and frame bars are filled with polyurethane foam. After it dries, the excess is cut off, and platbands are installed around the windows on the outside of the wall, which will close the unsightly appearance of the gaps and give neatness. general appearance house.

It is best to install the door together with the door frame, if it has sufficient rigidity. This will make it much easier to level the entire structure doorway walls.

It is best to install the door as a block - together with the frame and leaf

When exposing the door frame, if necessary, to achieve a clear vertical position, place wedges (inserts) from wooden slats. Fixed door frame to the frame in the same way as window frames, using metal strips, and the gap is filled with polyurethane foam.

Having installed all the windows and doors, you can proceed to installing the floor.

Installation and insulation of floors

To begin with, the temporary flooring from the boards (if there was one) is removed from the lower frame, and then you need to install the subfloor.

To do this, cranial bars are nailed or screwed onto the frame supporting beams. They are necessary for laying transverse subfloor boards on them.

Next, boards cut to exact size or plywood 8 ÷ 10 mm thick are laid on the skull blocks - this flooring will serve as a subfloor.
The subfloor laid on top is closed hydro- paro— insulating film, which should cover both the load-bearing beams and the entire floor plane. Individual sheets of material are laid overlapping (by 150 ÷ 200 mm) and taped at the joints with waterproof tape.

Next, the vapor barrier film is laid or filled with insulation material. If you don’t want to have neighbors who like to live under the floor, then it is better to use expanded clay of medium or fine fraction, or ecowool, to insulate the floor - these toothy pests simply do not live in such materials.

Another layer of film membrane is laid on top of the insulation, which is nailed to the supporting beams with staples. The installation principle is exactly the same as on a subfloor.

The floor is finished!

The entire structure is then covered with thick plywood or wooden floorboards.

Prices for thermal insulation materials

Thermal insulation materials

Measures for additional thermal insulation

When the floor is completely ready, the walls of the house are insulated and sheathed from the inside. If the building will be used only in the warm season, then the insulation will still not hurt - it will work as an insulator of the premises from heating in extreme heat. Therefore, it is recommended to lay a thermal insulation layer not only in the walls, but also in the ceiling, and if it is missing, place insulation along the internal slopes of the roof.

First on all the walls and ceiling beams is fixed vapor barrier material. Then the ceiling is covered with clapboard, plywood or plasterboard.
After covering the ceiling, the walls are insulated. Insulation mats are laid between the frame posts. It is necessary to ensure that the mats fit as tightly as possible against the bars of the wall frame, so that there are no gaps left.

That is why they are most often used as insulation. mineral wool– after being tightly laid between the racks, it will straighten out, completely filling all the space. The material is usually selected so that the thickness of the mats and the thickness of the frame posts are the same.

After this, all walls are again covered with vapor barrier film.

The next step is covering the walls. wooden clapboard, plywood or . The latter, with subsequent decorative finishing walls, can be painted water-based paint or covered with wallpaper.

Next, it is insulated attic floor, there is insulation - it is laid between the floor beams.

If the ceiling is sheathed on the side of the house with plasterboard or clapboard, then we must not forget that you cannot step on it, since the sheathing will not support the weight of a person. You must move carefully along the floor beams.

If the attic is planned to be used for storing various garden supplies, then a flooring made of boards or plywood with a thickness of at least 10 mm should be secured on top of the insulation on the floor beams.
Finishing touches interior decoration there will be installation of platbands on windows and doors, ceiling and floor skirting boards and closing the corners with fittings.

Extensions to the house

The last stages of arranging a country house are installation work on the veranda and porch.

If a place is left in advance for the veranda on the frame lying on the foundation, then a board is laid on this space to cover the floor (material for open areas is used), a fence is installed and a canopy is mounted.

If the foundation is raised high enough above the ground, then a porch is also attached to it.

Building a country house with your own hands is a completely doable task, but it will be quite difficult to do without helpers. Therefore, it is best to seek help from to a knowledgeable master, who has experience in such work, will always give useful advice and show how to correctly install certain components in the structure of the house. You can “mobilize” your relatives and friends - it is possible that knowledgeable person will be among them.

Video: building a country house using frame technology

Country house for those who like to relax on summer cottage often necessary not only for seasonal short-term residence, but also for a longer period.

Therefore, when choosing buildings on a summer cottage, you need to carefully read all modern offers in the construction market, think about the material and functional purpose of the future home.

It is necessary to immediately decide what communications will be needed in the house. It depends on how much time you plan to spend at the dacha.

Country house project

Typical projects

Offer construction companies. The projects are universal, they are completed on a turnkey basis and have all the necessary drawings. Construction risks standard projects are minimal, and the cost is acceptable.

Individual projects

They are ordered from developers or architects if the layout, exterior and interior of the house must be unique. Such a project will be completely exclusive and designed for the customer. It will cost more and take longer to develop.

Building material for a summer residence

Wood is the leader in the market of building materials for country houses. Behind it comes brick, stone and foam block. Rounding out the list of the most popular materials are frame products. Let's look at their advantages and disadvantages.

Foam blocks

Quite a young material that is used for suburban construction not so long ago. Such houses are considered durable and comfortable to live in.

The cladding of such houses is done decorative panels, which gives the dacha a solid and attractive appearance.

Advantages of the material:

affordable price;
durability;
fire resistance;
comfortable microclimate;
resistance to climate conditions;
the load of the building on the foundation is low.

Disadvantages of the material:

the need for additional costs for the construction of the foundation;
construction time is increased compared to the frame option.

Stone or brick

A good option for building a house for year-round residence. Caring for such a building will not require much investment, and it will serve for many years.

Advantages of the material:

moisture resistance, resistance to temperature changes;
excellent sound insulation qualities, heat capacity;
durability, reliability and strength of the house.

Disadvantages for country house construction:

the high cost of working with stone and brick;
the cost of the material itself;
building even a small country house made of stone will take a lot of time;
the need to build a monolithic foundation;
increased mass of walls.

A cottage made of stone or brick is suitable only for those who are planning a long-term vacation.

Tree

The most popular material for the construction of country houses. They remain cozy and environmentally friendly. Small one-story buildings are most often built of wood. You can also find houses with attics made of wood (as well as full-fledged two-story buildings).

Advantages of wooden houses:

environmental friendliness, thermal insulation, sound insulation;
pile-screw foundation on any soil;
price-quality ratio (building a summer house from wood is cheaper than from stone);
short construction time.

A wooden house is perfect for those who are building a summer house for a short stay (for example, for a weekend).

Flaws:

fire danger (it is necessary to specially process the material, which deprives it of its environmental properties);
Fungus may appear on the tree (or rotting may begin).

Foundations for wooden houses can be monolithic or columnar piles.

Frame country houses

A successful solution for country house construction in many respects. A frame house is erected very quickly.

It is enough to choose a project for such a house from construction company, and in a few days this house will be produced in production. It will be brought to the site in the form of a construction kit and erected in a matter of days.

The foundation for frame houses is made of piles, due to the fact that the weight of the house is small. Pile foundation It also requires very little time and materials. Which is very beneficial for those who do not want to invest huge sums in the construction of a country house.

Frame houses look very decent, and in terms of final cost they are much cheaper than construction wooden house or brick.

Flaws:

Frame house is only suitable for seasonal residence(V warm time year). The production technology was developed for regions with a warmer climate than in Russia.

Some people use insulation during construction, but the heat loss of the house will still be large. And the cost of heating such a house in winter period will be significant.

In the summer, intense heat in a frame house is also poorly tolerated. The walls become very hot and the rooms become very hot. Air conditioning needs to be installed.

Operating a house will not be as cheap as building it. Wall insulation does not allow the walls to allow air into the rooms.

Photos of beautiful country houses

A country house is the dream of millions of our compatriots. Many people want to be able to leave the stuffy, bustling and polluted city at least for a weekend to breathe clean air and relax.

Cozy project country house for relaxation

However, the construction of a country house is a complex process, divided into many stages. Each of these stages is very important, as it allows you to build your dream home, where you and your family could relax in free time. And the first stage is planning a country house. It is at this stage that all the foundations are laid, on which depends how beautiful, cozy, comfortable and even safe your home will be.

Some people prefer to order construction materials from specialized companies. Well, this is not a bad solution. You can express all your wishes to the experts. Moreover, the requirements can be anything. You want ? No problem! Do you prefer small? Specialists can easily do this too.

Regardless of your wishes and the complexity of the project, in a few days or weeks (depending on the customer’s plan and the workload of the specialists) you will be presented with several projects, from which you will only have to choose the one you like best.

Unfortunately, there is a serious drawback here - the services of specialists are extremely expensive. Not every person who decides to acquire a dacha is ready to pay tens of thousands of rubles for a project, even if it is of very high quality.
Therefore, many people prefer to draw up the layout of their country houses themselves. It's not as difficult as it might seem. But still, when planning it is necessary to take into account many factors.

Perhaps the most important question, the answer to which must be found before starting to plan a country house, remains the choice of building material.

Detailed plan of a two-story country house 6x6

Today, in the construction of country houses, various materials are used, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. However, before you finally choose the material, you need to determine whether you will spend time in country house Only in the summer or do you plan to visit there in the winter?
This question is very important. After all, in summer time year, you don’t need to think about heating your home, or about ways to preserve heat.

Therefore, construction is very cheap and the entire house can be built in a matter of days.

But if you want to be able to relax comfortably at your dacha even in winter, for example, during the New Year holidays, then you should take a more serious approach to the choice of building materials and to reducing heat loss.

When the answer to this question is found, you can choose the building material. A number of conventions depend on this, which will have to be taken into account when drawing up a plan.

Project one-story house 6x8 with ground floor plan

What materials can be used to build a summer house?

Frame construction. Very profitable option. The construction of such a dacha will cost you only 200-250 thousand rubles, of course, if you do without complex structures and additions. Most of the work is done by specialists when preparing the building kit. As a result, it takes only a few days to build a house on the site. Low weight allows you to use the lightest and most cheap foundation even when building on problematic soils. The only negative is the low thermal insulation ability. The walls of the house do not differ in thickness, as a result of which, in order to spend the winter in such a house, you will have to apply a thick layer of heat-insulating material to the inner surface of the walls. Not only will this cost you a few extra thousand, but it can also significantly reduce the living space in your home. Therefore, it can be a good solution only if you want to get .
Wooden construction. Great solution. You can live in such a house both in summer and winter. Excellent thermal insulation and sound insulation will delight people who want to relax away from the metropolis. The material is attractive and lightweight, which allows you to do without a bulky foundation. In winter, it is quite easy to heat a cooled one - in a few hours the temperature in it will rise to a comfortable one. Alas, the tree remains not only flammable material, but also susceptible to rotting. If you cannot visit your home for several months and keep order, the tree may simply begin to rot. Be sure to take this into account before you start planning a wooden country house.
Foam concrete. Quite warm, not too expensive and at the same time durable material. Light weight allows the use of a cheap and quickly erected strip foundation during construction.
It does not rot or burn, which is a serious plus. Retains heat well in winter, eliminating the need for installation additional heating. It can be easily processed with a regular hacksaw, which gives a lot of scope for creativity. You can quickly build both a regular house and a house with an attic. But foam concrete is not very attractive, which scares off many potential owners. Moreover, without additional protection when working in conditions high humidity foam concrete can quickly collapse. In winter, it takes a whole day to heat a foam concrete house.

house layout with combined kitchen and living room

Isn't it better to build one spacious room that combines the functions of a kitchen, dining room and bedroom? As practice shows, it is not better at all. In the summer, when the temperature outside reaches +30...+35 degrees in the shade, you want to hide in a cool place.

And most often the only such place is the bedroom. Therefore, it is very important to keep it as low as possible.

If the bedroom is combined with a kitchen and food is prepared there, then the temperature will inevitably rise, which deprives you of your last hope for freshness and coolness.

With the attic, too, not everything is as simple as it seems at first glance. Most often, the roofs of country houses are covered with roofing felt or slate. Much less often - metal tiles. And all these materials tend to get very hot in the sun. Therefore, in the evening, when you return to the bedroom on the second floor, it is almost impossible to be there - it is too stuffy. Open windows attract hordes of mosquitoes that will completely poison your night.

You should also not get carried away with the size of the rooms. In most cases, for temporary residence of a family of 3-4 people, an area of 6-7 square meters and one bedroom of 12-15 square meters or a bedroom of 8-10 square meters and an attic. Yes, it's not too much. But most often residents spend time in country house quite a bit of time, spending almost the whole day outside, doing some kind of work or just relaxing, enjoying the silence, fresh wind and sun.