The device of stretch ceilings - the creation of a structure with your own hands. What is the technology of installation of stretch ceilings The device of stretch ceilings made of PVC film

When it comes to the next repair of the ceiling, which often happens once every few years, already at the very first stage, various financial and technical difficulties begin to pile up. When choosing standard way finishes using various water-based and water-dispersion coloring compounds from the premises, at least, it is necessary to move out or close it for a sufficiently long period. In this case, furniture, walls and flooring inevitably suffer.

Benefits of installing a stretch ceiling

Installation stretch ceiling is a great way to avoid all these problems. The installation technology itself has long been brought to perfection. Moreover, the installation of a stretch ceiling does not require special labor-intensive costs for preparing the premises, and all work is carried out practically without the formation of dust and dirt.

Stretch ceiling structures do not interfere with the installation of various lighting fixtures, as well as all kinds of communications related to alarm, ventilation or electrical wiring.

All applied PVC films are fireproof. They do not support the combustion process, and at high temperatures they only melt without releasing any harmful substances. Therefore, the choice in favor of a stretch ceiling for several hours will seriously and permanently solve the problem of the device. ceiling surface in any room.

As a rule, at the first stage managers of any solid company familiarize the customer with the range of products available tension materials. And this is where the main problems begin for the customer. because of great variety invoice selection and colors stretch fabrics sometimes it is quite difficult to make a specific decision. Therefore, it is necessary to clearly explain the planned style of the room to the designer, and he will quickly outline the circle of all suitable options.

Next, the company's technologist makes careful measurements of the proposed premises and transfers the results to production. The accuracy of all measurements made is the key to high-quality installation of the entire tension system. Well, it's definitely not the customer's concern! BUT good specialists with the wide range of modern measuring instruments complete the task quickly and efficiently.

And here comes the long-awaited day of installing a stretch ceiling. For specially trained personnel, this does not present any particular difficulties, and in a few hours the selected room will take on a completely different look. The installation process itself is as follows:

All the efficiency of the installation work is due to the fact that the PVC film for each specific premises is a single piece, which is cut out and, subsequently, welded in strict accordance with the required dimensions. Thus, the tension device ceiling structures of any complexity for a standard room does not take more than 4 hours. For all the seeming simplicity, the installation of a stretch ceiling must be carried out with strict adherence to a certain technology and only by specially trained personnel. Only in this case, the installation will be completed quickly and efficiently!

LOCAL RESOURCE STATEMENT GESN 15-01-051-02

Name	unit of measurement
The device of stretch ceilings from PVC film(PVC) by harpoon method in rooms with area: from 10 to 50 m2	100 m2 of cladding
Scope of work
01. Marking the level of fixing the baguette (fixing profile) to the wall. 02. Baguette fastening. 03. Heating the room with a heat gun. 04. Fastening the canvas, stretching and fixing in a baguette. 05. Installation of wall corner.

PRICE VALUES

The price lists the direct costs of the work for the period 2000(Federal prices), which are calculated on the basis of regulations 2009. To this value, you need to apply the transition index to current prices.

You can go to the pricing page, which is calculated based on the 2014 revision standards with additions 1
The basis for the use of the composition and consumption of materials, machines and labor costs are GESN-2001

LABOR

№	Name	Unit Change	Labor costs
1	Labor costs of construction workers Rank 5	man-hour	26,04
Total labor costs of workers		man-hour	26,04
Wages of workers = 26.04 x 11.08		Rub.	288,52
Salary of machinists = 1.62 (for calculating invoices and profits)		Rub.	1,62

OPERATION OF MACHINES AND MECHANISMS

№	Cipher	Name	Unit Change	Consumption	St. units. Rub.	Total Rub.
1	134041	screwdriver	mash.-h	7,3	3	21,90
2	331451	Electric perforators	mash.-h	7,3	2,08	15,18
3	332203	A gun thermal power 26-44 kWh	mash.-h	1,46	0,14	0,20
4	400001	Cars onboard, carrying capacity up to 5 tons	mash.-h	0,14	87,17	12,20
Total			Rub.	49,49

CONSUMPTION OF MATERIALS

№	Cipher	Name	Unit Change	Consumption	St. units. Rub.	Total Rub.
1	101-2064	Construction screw with countersunk head	PCS.	0	0,05	0,00
2	101-9102	Expansion dowels polyethylene	10 pieces.	0	0	0,00
3	201-9019	Baguette (fixing profile) wall for stretch ceiling	m	0	0	0,00
4	201-9022	Insert decorative, wall for stretch ceiling	m	0	0	0,00
5	201-9039	Stretch ceiling sheet with PVC edge (harpoon)	m2	0	0	0,00
Total			Rub.	0,00

TOTAL PRICE: RUB 338.02

Stretch ceiling - the only type of ceiling, which is impossible to do on your own. The fact is that for installation you need special equipment, which it makes no sense to buy only in order to make a decent repair in one apartment. Therefore, the installation of stretch ceilings is entrusted to professionals.
Stretch ceilings do this: the material is stretched between the walls and fixed. Their prototype was invented by the ancient Armenians - they took a fabric from cotton, soaked it, stretched it, and when it dried, it formed a smooth surface. A similar technology was used by the French, who are reputed to be the inventors of stretch ceilings, but now non-woven materials are used.

Kinds

This type of ceiling is made from a polyvinyl chloride film, as well as from a polyester fabric, which is a knitted fabric made of polyester impregnated with polyurethane.
There are several types of stretch ceilings: with seams, seamless and fiberglass.
Ceilings with seams are mounted from a PVC film. The strip width is from 1300 to 2200 mm. To obtain a canvas, the strips are welded together using a special technology, and an almost imperceptible seam is formed.
The ceiling film is thin, but very durable, it does not let water through and can withstand it. strong enough pressure. It burns very badly.
A PVC film ceiling is resilient and elastic at room temperature, but when heated, it can sag. As a result, built-in luminaires must have power limitations. If the ceiling cools, it stretches again, however, if the temperature drops to zero, then the canvas becomes brittle and rigid, and collapses at -40. Therefore, it is not used in unheated rooms.
The ceiling canvas is painted to its full thickness even during manufacture, the color palette is very extensive. The texture can also be varied: glossy and matte, wood, leather or marble, Venetian plaster, reminiscent of satin, perforated, embossed, moire and iridescent.
A stretch ceiling made of PVC film can be not only flat, but arched, stepped, multi-level. In any case, he is afraid of sharp objects, and you can wash him very carefully and better with a sponge.
Seamless ceilings are made of polyester fabric. This is a polyester canvas impregnated with a thermoset polyurethane compound giving it stability and resilience. From the manufacturer, this fabric is supplied in rolls 4 meters wide, which in most cases allows you to create a ceiling without seams. If you need to connect the panels together, they are sewn together or fastened with a profile, since it is impossible to weld it. This ceiling has high strength, waterproof.
Polyester fabric ceilings have the opposite property of PVC film - they shrink under the action of high temperature. Therefore, during installation, PVC ceilings are first heated and then stretched, while polyester ceilings are stretched and then heated. Initially, such a ceiling can only be matte white, and only then, if the customer wishes, it can be tinted or painted. In addition, such a surface can be applied any image - photo, reproduction, drawing.
Polyester fabric is able to maintain characteristics even when low temperatures, remaining elastic at -30. This property allows them to be used on a loggia or balcony and in other rooms without heating. Unfortunately, such a ceiling cannot be made into a complex shape, and the available choice of surface textures is very limited.
The fiberglass ceiling is new variety stretch ceilings. They are pulled onto the frame without any heating, mechanically and then painted in the desired color with water-dispersed paint. So far, this technology has not been perfected, so if the manufacturer gives a guarantee of 10 years for other types of ceilings, then this one - only 5.

Price

The price of the ceiling increases in sequence from "satin", then go matte, and then - glossy. The color of the ceiling does not affect the price, unless, of course, you require a photo of a person dear to you to be applied to it. It should be borne in mind that the number of corners affects the cost - the more there are, the more expensive the ceiling. In addition, the trapezoidal geometry of the ceiling and semicircular corners increase the price.
The ceiling rises in price due to the presence in the room heating pipes, because the bypass of each will have to be separately measured and cut out. Built-in lamps or chandeliers are paid separately. This point should be discussed immediately at the office of the company. It happens that unscrupulous companies lure customers to them low prices, and during the execution it turns out that the chandelier, which the installers removed, is hung back for money. The customer himself cannot do this, because the ceilings cannot be scratched, but the wire must be let out through this ceiling. Therefore, the client has to pay installers, in excess of the price agreed in advance.
Ordinary flat ceilings are the cheapest. Then prices rise - two-level, domed, "dunes", "waves", etc.

Mounting

All PVC film ceilings are arranged according to the same scheme. First on one horizontal level around the perimeter of the room, a fastening and decorative profile, called a baguette, is mounted. Then the canvas is fixed on baguettes at the corners and heated with a heat gun. The film after that becomes soft and very pliable, it is stretched and fixed in the same baguette. When cooling, the ceiling film shrinks and stretches very tightly. It becomes an absolutely perfect smooth and even ceiling. In its center there is usually a slight sag, but only a few millimeters and it is completely invisible to the eye. Experts advise: if the ceiling has a large area, then it would be good to fix a chandelier in its center. It will play the role of additional fasteners against sagging.
Baguettes are made of PVC and aluminum. The first is lower than the second and is thirty millimeters. This does not mean that it will take a lot of space from the height of the room.

Stretch ceilings - high art

A stretch ceiling is a perfectly flat surface created by stretching a special PVC film around the perimeter of the room.

Stretch ceiling is a great alternative to other methods of finishing the ceiling, such as painting, leveling with plaster, mounting a suspended ceiling. The reasons are simple: a stretch ceiling is able to create flat surface even if the condition of the ceiling surface is unsatisfactory.

Experts say that even with a difference of 50 mm, not every plasterer is able to level the plane of the ceiling. In addition to finding a professional to perform this work, you will also need serious cash costs for the purchase of building materials. As a result, the installation of stretch ceilings can save you time and money, while installation is carried out without the presence of construction waste.

Stretch ceilings are very fond of designers, because this material provides ample opportunities for decorating the space, giving it the necessary color, atmosphere.

PVC film, due to its properties, can be used both in offices and apartments, as well as in bathrooms, child care facilities and even hospitals.

Specifications

PVC film has a number of unique qualities that allow you to mount stretch ceilings in rooms of various specializations: moisture resistance, fire safety (class M1 - does not support combustion), high strength (the film can withstand weight up to 100 kg per 1 sq.m. of the surface), installation speed ceiling, ease of use, service life up to 50 years, a wide range of colors and textures. (The texture of the stretch ceiling can be matte, semi-matte, glossy, suede, leather, varnish).

Stretch ceilings are divided into seamless and welded. Seamless ceilings are mounted with one panel on the full surface of the base ceiling, while welded ceilings are mounted from several parts. Welded stretch ceilings are used when a large volume is to be decorated.

Seamless stretch ceilings- This is a thin mesh fabric treated with a special polymer impregnation. A roll of seamless ceilings has a length of up to 5 meters.

This makes it possible to mount a single space without seams. Seamless stretch ceilings high level strength. In case of flooding, they are able to hold not only cold, but also hot water. The positive properties of seamless ceilings include frost resistance, environmental friendliness (according to European standards). Seamless stretch ceilings can also be installed in rooms without central heating: the ceiling film is able to withstand temperature differences from -40°C to +50°C.

Welded stretch ceilings- these are strips of durable and elastic vinyl film with a width of 1.3 m to 3.2 m, which are subsequently welded on special equipment. In spite of minimum size seam, the technology requires it to be placed perpendicular to the window. PVC film ceilings are resistant to various chemicals and are not combustible (the film melts under the influence of temperature).

The film of stretch ceilings is treated with a special antistatic coating, which prevents dust from settling on them.

The history of stretch ceilings

The prototype of stretch ceilings can be considered the ancient Roman technology, in which fabric stretch ceilings were made in the house. The material was matched to the color of the room and changed when the ceiling faded and covered with dust. An interesting way to decorate the ceiling was invented in Armenia. Since the 17th century, coarse calico soaked in chalk began to be used here. Wet fabric was pulled over the frame, and after the fabric dried, it shrinked, and the ceiling seemed perfectly flat.

A new stage in the decoration of ceilings came when PVC polymer films were invented. In the 60s of the last century, specialists from the French company Barrisol, which specialized at that time in the production of aluminum profiles, designed a shop window, and one of the workers suggested stretching a strong PVC film between the profiles. The technology seemed interesting to the designers, films of various textures and colors were created, methods for fastening profiles, finishing communications, sockets were invented. In Europe, the heyday of the era of stretch ceilings fell on the 80s of the last century, and in Russia the first factories producing stretch ceilings appeared in 2000.

Stretch ceiling construction

A stretch ceiling is an individually made product (sheet) created from individual strips of PVC film. The canvas of the stretch ceiling is cut out exactly according to the size of the room, taking into account all its features. It should be noted that the area of one panel is limited due to the possible sagging of the film. Therefore, in large rooms, additional supports are used, with the help of which the ceiling is assembled from several canvases. Stretch ceilings are installed as follows: the panel is attached to an aluminum or hard plastic profile, which is mounted to the walls of the ceiling. After installing the ceiling, technological holes are cut for the chandelier (lamps), pipelines, fire alarm sensors.

Manufacturers of various brands of stretch ceilings have developed their own methods for attaching PVC film.

1. Harpoon ceilings(manufacturers Barrisol, Grupa DPS, Extenzo, NewMat, Novelum, Carre Noir, etc.) - welding is carried out along the contour of the panel of the edging made of rigid PVC, which has the shape of a harpoon hook in cross section.

2. Wedge ceilings(manufacturer Mondea) – the PVC film web is clamped with a spacer profile (like fabric in an embroidery hoop).

3. Ceilings cam-mounted(manufacturer Prestige Design and Skol) - in this case, the PVC sheet is clamped with two “cams” included in the mounting profile. It should be noted that this method of fastening allows you to stretch the canvas just 8 mm from the main ceiling.

4. Polyester fabric ceilings(manufacturer ClipsO) - the ceiling canvas is fixed with a flexible cord.

The technology makes it possible to use both traditional chandeliers and lamps, as well as their spot versions in a room with a stretch ceiling. The only condition is that the lighting fixtures should not overheat the ceiling canvas, so the power of the lamps is limited. For incandescent lamps, the limit is 60 W, halogen lamps - 35W.

A drawing for a ceiling pattern is made by a professional technologist, after the pattern (if it is a harpoon ceiling), the canvas is processed along the perimeter with a flexible plate (harpoon). This completes the patterning process, the canvas is washed by special means, dried and folded with the help of interlayer gaskets into a heat-insulating film. In this form, the canvas is delivered to the installation site.

Materials and invoices

Manufacturers use soft PVC film with a thickness of 0.17–0.22 mm. The specific weight of the film is 180–320 g/sq. m; sound absorption coefficient - 0.4; light absorption coefficient - from 30% ("lacquer") to 95% ("velvet" textures); tensile strength along the length - 17 N / sq. mm, width - 13 N/sq. mm; under load, it can stretch 2.2 times. PVC film withstands air temperatures from -30°С to +70°С; in the cold, the film becomes brittle and hard, but all its properties are restored with increasing temperature.

Stretch ceilings made of polyester fabric have other properties. Polyester fabric 0.25 mm thick, weight 200 g/sq. m impregnated with thermosetting polyurethane, the strength is 15-20 times higher than PVC film. Polyester fabric is difficult to cut or mechanically damage, the fabric retains its elasticity at a temperature of -30 °C. The width of a standard roll is 4 m. Polyurethane cannot be welded, so if you want to decorate the ceiling larger area pieces of material are connected using a special profile (or sewn together). The polyester fabric has White color, slightly rough structure.

After installation, the ceiling looks like a traditional white one, sometimes decorators use tinting or paint the ceiling with acrylic paints.

Textures of stretch ceilings

PVC film provides ample opportunity to create various textures of stretch ceilings and patterns. Let's list some of them. Matte- smooth or with a rough whitewash, reminiscent of plastered ceilings. Suitable for a room with a traditional design. satin- a canvas with a smooth, shallow embossing, it resembles a perfectly painted surface. Lacquer- a canvas with such a texture gives the ceiling depth and volume, it reflects the room like in a mirror. Metallic and high-tech- canvases with a silver coating. Moire- the texture of the stretch ceiling shimmers with bizarre waves. Light-scattering (translucid) PVC film- its use allows you to create unusual lighting effects on the ceilings and walls of the premises. Texture natural material - leather, suede, velvet and wood. Venetian plaster and patina- to give the room the flavor of an old building.

Stretch ceilings are a modern way to quickly decorate the ceiling, give it a perfect even appearance to make the room elegant and stylish.

The article was provided by the MIR POTOLKOV Group of Companies.

1.1. This flow chart has been developed for a set of works on the installation of Clipso stretch ceilings in residential and administrative buildings in order to improve appearance indoors, as well as to use the space between the ceiling and the ceiling for laying engineering communications for various purposes ( ventilation ducts, electrical and low-current wiring, pipelines). The purpose of creating the presented technological map was the need to propose a recommended scheme technological process on the work, show the composition and content of the TTK, examples of filling in the necessary tables.

On the basis of this technological map, technological maps can be developed for the installation of other structures of stretch ceilings with various stylistic solutions in relation to specific conditions operation of the premises. The technological map under consideration can be tied to a specific object and accepted constructive dimensions, and can also be used in the development of projects for the production of works (PPR). At the same time, production schemes, scopes of work, labor costs, mechanization means, materials, equipment, etc. are specified.

1.2. To link or develop technological maps as initial data and documents, you need:

working drawings of structures and dimensions of internal walls and ceilings of premises;
building codes and regulations (SNiP, SN, VSN, SP);
instructions, standards, factory instructions and specifications (TS) for the main materials used (ceiling cloth, fastening fittings, etc.);
unified norms and prices for construction and installation works (ENiR, GESN-2001);
production norms for the consumption of materials (NPRM);
progressive norms and rates, maps of labor organization and labor processes used in the construction of brick exterior walls.

2. General provisions

2.1. For the device of a stretch ceiling, a fabric is used, proposed in 1997 by the Swiss company Clipso A.G. The basis of the stretch ceiling is a fabric made on a wide loom in the form of a single piece of fabric. synthetic fabric complex knitted knitting. The fabric is impregnated special composition polyurethane. This canvas has no seams and turns stretch ceilings into a perfectly smooth solid surface. The advantage of such a seamless stretch ceiling over film stretch ceilings is undeniable.

Clipso seamless stretch ceilings do not require such precise measurements as film stretch ceilings. Clipso fabric is supplied in rolls of various widths, and the stretch ceiling is cut according to the maximum linear dimensions of the room from a roll of the nearest width. All other complications of this room (protrusions, corners, curved sections, size fluctuations) are implemented on site directly during the installation of the Clipso seamless stretch ceiling. The components used in the manufacture of the Clipso seamless stretch ceiling, such as polyester and polyurethane, are environmentally friendly, which allowed Clipso A.G. get a European certificate for the installation of their stretch ceilings in children's and medical institutions.

2.2. Seamless fabric stretch ceilings Clipso (Klipso) are much more durable than standard version from PVC. In addition, the main feature of the new Clipso ceiling sheet is heat shrink with a factor of 1.2.

A fabric made using Clipso technology (France) can have a clear graphic pattern, because due to the uniform density of the loops, it will not deform during stretching or shrinkage. The special technology of weaving such a fabric allows you to weave 87 columns into 90 rows for every 5 cm. However, sufficiently dense weaving does not make the fabric heavier, its weight per one square meter is only 220-240 grams. Due to the dense weaving and uniform distribution of thread tension, the canvas "breathes", but at the same time does not let moisture through.

2.3. The advantage of Clipso (Klipso) stretch seamless ceilings manufacturing technology is their seamlessness. The absence of seams leads to the fact that the Clipso seamless stretch ceiling does not tear and lasts long enough. long years. In addition to the beautiful performance characteristics, Clipso stretch ceilings allow you to create a perfectly flat surface and a uniform pattern without seams and deformation. Supreme aesthetic properties and the elasticity of the Clipso stretch ceiling canvas allows it to be bent, giving it any shape. The installation technology of stretch ceilings also allows you to embed lighting devices in them.

2.4. Clipso ceilings can be considered vandal resistant as they are immune to many operational hazards such as flooding, sunlight, cuts and punctures. Thanks to the double-sided polymer impregnation, the ceiling fabric is super-strong and will withstand even strong mechanical pressure. In addition, Klipso stretch ceilings are frost-resistant. Clipso canvas can withstand frosts down to -40 degrees without loss of its performance, which makes Clipso seamless stretch ceilings made using this new technology suitable for installation even in unheated rooms. The canvas of Clipso stretch ceilings can be painted both before and after installation - this makes it possible to get a ceiling in the room unique color. It is possible to apply any digital image (photo or drawing) to the seamless ceilings of Clipso.

2.5. Prior to the installation of Klipso stretch ceilings in the premises, construction and installation and special work specified in the working drawings, including finishing ones, except for the final painting or pasting the walls with wallpaper of various types, as well as the laying of utilities (wiring of lighting fittings, installation of fire extinguishing system structures, laying of pipelines, etc.).

2.6. Work on the installation of the Clipso ceiling should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the following regulatory documents:

SNiP 3.01.01-85*. Organization of construction production;
SNiP 31-01-2003 "Residential multi-apartment buildings";
SNiP 31-05-2003 "Public administrative buildings";
SNiP 31-03-2001 " Industrial buildings»;
SNiP 2.09.04-87* "Administrative and domestic buildings" (ed. 2001);
SNiP 21-01-97* " Fire safety buildings and structures”;
SNiP 23-01-99* "Construction climatology";
SNiP 12-03-2001. Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements;
SNiP 12-04-2002. Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production.

3. Organization and technology of work performance

3.1. Clipso ceiling products vary in color and purpose. The most popular stretch ceilings are standard white or colored Clipso, which are suitable for the vast majority of consumers in terms of their qualities and properties. However, for individual cases Clipso has developed special specific products - anti-moisture, anti-dirt, acoustic, transparent and anti-bactericidal ceilings.

In addition to creating a simple, perfectly flat ceiling, it is possible to create stretch ceilings complex shapes in several levels (Fig. 1).

3.2. Cloths on stretch ceilings, unlike PVC films, are installed without a thermal process, on plastic baguette(clip), which allows you to securely strengthen the canvas and give the ceiling an aesthetic appearance. Between the base ceiling covering and the CLIPSO stretch ceiling, it is possible to install thermal insulation and sound-absorbing materials, as well as fire alarm. design idea and latest technology allows you to create an interior and give each room a uniqueness, and with the help of a plotter it is possible to apply any high-quality images to the texture of the Clipso ceiling canvas.

The Clipso fabric range includes colored fabrics (beige, pink, grey, black, light green, blue) as well as special types of fabric, in particular: acoustic fabric with the properties of a sound-absorbing membrane (black and beige colors) and translucent fabric to create ceiling and wall structures with backlight. Fabric color can be customized according to customer's requirement to create specific design premises. The canvas is supplied in rolls of 50 or 100 running meters. The rolls have a "net" width of 2.00 m, 2.50 m, 3.00 m, 3.50 m, 4.00 m, 4.50 m and 5.10 m.

3.3. Clipso seamless ceiling installation technology is based on the Swiss system quick installation ceiling and wall structures. It allows you to quickly and efficiently create an ideal ceiling surface that meets European standards. To install a stretch ceiling, you must have: a ladder-ladder, a special CLIPSO spatula (Fig. 2), a puncher, a screwdriver, plastic dowels, self-tapping screws, a building hair dryer, white cloth gloves. It is recommended that two workers install the structures. Before starting work, the room must be cleaned of dust and debris. The installation of the canvas is carried out in a special extruded profile (baguette) Clipso, made of PVC and having a complex section. Profile weight - 0.190 g / m p., Length - 2 m.

Preparatory work

3.4. The Clipso textile fabric goes through impregnation, wringing, drying and colendering. The canvas is made of polyester, evenly impregnated with a special mixture containing a polymer and a dye. The polymer has elastomeric characteristics. The main (basic) element of the polymer is polyurethane, which has the properties of polymerization and allows you to create a highly environmentally friendly material with the necessary mechanical characteristics. Clipso is 15 times stronger than PVC film. The main property - the canvas has the property of heat shrinkage with a coefficient of 20%.

Clipso stretch ceiling measurement and installation technology is much easier than PVC film measurement and installation. For installation, it is enough to know only two dimensions of the room: maximum length and width, without the dimensions of the protrusions and the radii of the curved sections. According to these dimensions, the closest standard size of the canvas in width is selected, with a margin of at least 20 cm, and cut off from the whole roll along the length with a minimum margin of 20 cm. highly qualified.

After measuring the room, the Clipso textile fabric is prepared in accordance with the results obtained.

3.5. To fix the Clipso stretch ceiling, a special profile is used, which is mounted around the perimeter of the room. Depending on the area and features of the application, the profile is fastened to the ceiling or walls (Fig. 3) The profile securely fixes the Clipso fabric, preventing it from sagging, and if necessary (for example, leaks from above, when it is necessary to remove part of the ceiling to drain water ) it is allowed to re-mount the web in the same profile.

The profile does not require any special overlays or elements to create an aesthetic joint between the wall and the stretch ceiling - the latter looks stylish, neat and modern.

3.6. At the first stage, the profile is glued along the perimeter of the room - either to the ceiling (Fig. 4) or to the walls (Fig. 5).

At wall mount must use any building level. The joint at the corners will be tighter if it is sawn at a 45° angle (Fig. 6).

The final fixing of the mounting profile is made with self-tapping screws in advance drilled holes. The distance between the screws should be no more than 7 cm. At the joints of the profiles and in the corner joints, the screws are fastened along the edges at a distance of about 1-2 cm (Fig. 7).

Basic work on the installation of a stretch ceiling

3.7. At the second stage, the canvas is unfolded indoors and temporarily fixed in a baguette in the middle of the walls using a special Clipso spatula. The edges of the canvas (about 5 cm) should remain behind the baguette (free edges). After temporarily fixing the canvas in separate places the entire canvas is fixed with a spatula around the entire perimeter. The distance between the fixing points must not exceed 80 cm (Fig. 8).

3.8. Alternately pulling the canvas by the free edges from the middle to the corners (Fig. 9), it is necessary to achieve an even distribution of the canvas without wrinkles. Free edges should be the same width. Fixing the fabric in the corners (20 cm per side) is done last.

The final stage of work

3.9. At the final stage, the resulting folds and wrinkles are straightened with the help of building hair dryer. The defective place is heated in a circular motion of the hair dryer at a distance of about 20 cm. The free edges of the canvas are cut off sharp knife along the bottom edge decorative strip(Fig. 10).

3.10. When performing work on the installation of a stretch ceiling, it is necessary to take into account the presence in the room of various engineering systems and communications. Indoors, as a rule, there are ceiling lamps and chandeliers, ventilation ducts and channels with installed air distribution devices and grilles, elements of alarm and fire safety systems, fragments of other engineering systems.

The luminaires are mounted on a counterpart pre-fixed to the ceiling or on a special fastener or on mounting fittings (Fig. 11). In the required place, the Clipso sheet is cut with circular or cross movements (Fig. 12) and the electrical and mounting fittings are released. A lamp is attached to them (Fig. 13). There should be a gap of about 0.8 mm between the lower part of the lamp and the stretched surface of the canvas.

In the event of accidental dirty spots in the process of installation work, you must use any liquid detergent. Washing the ceiling will ensure the initial whiteness of the canvas.

3.10. Working hours

3.11. Labor costing

Table 1

	Job Title		Scope of work	Rationale (standards)	labor costs
					per unit, man-hour	Total, man-hour
	General markup room walls
	Installation mounting profiles(special baguette)
	Installation of profiles for the installation of fasteners (luminaires)
	Installation of fasteners for fixtures	100 parts
	Measuring and cutting edges of Clipso
	Laying out the canvas, fixing it in a baguette, leveling
	Installation of fixtures	1 lamp

General labor intensity					96.89 man-hours
Note. The standards used in the calculation are ENiR-1987 (Uniform norms and prices).

4. Requirements for the quality of work

4.1. Control and assessment of the quality of work when installing stretch ceilings is carried out in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents:

SNiP 3.04.01-87. Insulating and finishing coatings;
SNiP 3.01.01-85*. Organization of construction production.

In order to ensure the required quality of Clipso stretch ceilings, work must be subject to production control at all stages of their implementation.

4.2. Production control is divided into input, operational (technological), inspection and acceptance. Quality control of the work performed should be carried out by specialists or special services equipped with technical means providing the necessary reliability and completeness of control. The main control is assigned to the head of the production unit (foreman, foreman), who performs work on the installation of a stretch fabric.

When installing stretch ceilings in the interiors of buildings, the requirements of SNiP 3.04.01-87, given in this table 2, must be observed.

table 2

	Subject, composition and scope of control, maximum deviation	Control methods	Control time
The maximum value of the ledges between the slabs and baguette slats		Measuring, at least 5 measurements per one (50-70 m 2) room	On full inspection
Membrane tension, no deflection	Absence of wrinkles and irregularities, mirror surface	Visual	On full inspection
Deviation of the entire plane of any level of the ceiling diagonally, vertically and horizontally	From the design value no more than 1.5 mm	Measuring, on the entire plane no more than 7 mm	At the control examination
Deviation of the corners of the joints of the ceiling levels from the vertical	1 mm per 1 p.m	Measuring	On full inspection

4.3. Input control

This control is carried out in order to identify deviations from the requirements of the project and relevant standards. Input control is carried out by checking by external inspection and measurements, as well as control tests in cases of doubt about the correctness of the characteristics or the absence of the necessary data in the certificates and passports of manufacturers. The results of the input control are documented by the Act.

During the input control, it is necessary to check the compliance of materials and products arriving at the facility with applicable standards, specifications and other documents and requirements. In the absence of certificates, the quality of products and materials must be confirmed by the results of laboratory tests. The number of products and materials to be input control, must comply with the norms given in the technical specifications and standards.

4.4. Operational (technological) and inspection control

Operational control is carried out during the performance of production operations in order to ensure the timely detection of defects and the adoption of measures to eliminate and prevent them. Control is carried out under the guidance of a master, foreman. During operational (technological) control, it is necessary to check the compliance of the implementation of the main production operations with the requirements established by building codes and regulations, the design project false ceiling and other regulatory documents.

During operational control, the following is to be checked:

quality attachment material(absence dark spots, cracks);
quality of structures and surfaces of premises;
quality of installation and fastening of frame elements;
horizontality (verticality) of the planes of the rails and baguette;
uniformity, verticality or horizontality of the coating.

After eliminating all defects, it is necessary to draw up an Act on hidden work, allowing you to perform subsequent work on closing the baguettes with a stretch ceiling canvas. The drawing up of Certificates of Inspection of Hidden Works in cases where subsequent work must begin after a long break should be carried out immediately before the production of subsequent work. results operational control must be recorded in the work log.

4.5. During the inspection control, it is necessary to check the quality of the work performed selectively at the discretion of the Customer or the General Contractor in order to verify the effectiveness of the previously carried out production control. This type of control can be carried out at any stage of execution. construction works and stretch ceilings.

The results of quality control carried out by the technical supervision of the Customer, architectural supervision, inspection control, and comments by persons controlling the production and quality of work must be entered in the Work Progress Log and also recorded in the General Work Log (The recommended form is given in Appendix 1*, SNiP 3.01 .01-85*). All acceptance documentation must comply with the requirements of SNiP 3.01.01-85*.

4.6. The general contractor must present to the representative of the customer a work log, inspection certificates for hidden work, protocols, executive documentation, certificates and passports for the applied materials, samples established materials and finished coating to match the requirements of the project, specifications, norms and standards. To assess the quality of materials, samples must be taken and tested in accordance with applicable standards and specifications.

4.7. Acceptance control

The quality of work is ensured by the fulfillment of the requirements for compliance with the necessary technological sequence when performing interrelated works and technical control over the progress of work set out in the Construction Organization Project and the Work Execution Project, as well as in the Operational Quality Control Scheme. Acceptance control is carried out on the basis of these documents, the work log and on the basis of an acceptance inspection.

An example of filling out the Operational Quality Control Scheme is shown in Table 3.

Table 3

Name of operations subject to control	Subject, composition and scope of the control, maximum deviation	Control methods	Control time	Who controls
The maximum value of the ledges between the rails		Measuring, at least 5 measurements per 50-70 m surface	Identified by a thorough examination	Foreman, master
Deviation of the plane of the entire finishing field diagonally, vertically and horizontally (from the design) by 1 m - 1.5 mm	7 mm on the entire surface			Foreman, master

4.8. At the construction site, a General Journal of Works and a Journal of Author's Supervision of the Design Organization, a Journal of the Production of Works on the Arrangement of Ceilings should be kept. The installation of stretch ceilings must be carried out after installation and fastening of all elements of the frame (in accordance with the project), checking the horizontalness of its plane and compliance with the marks.

4.9. Permissible relative deflection for stretch ceilings is allowed no more than 1/250 of the span. Clipso ceiling structures must withstand up to 100 liters of liquid per 1 m 2 . Seamless stretch ceilings are stronger than film ones. In addition, in case of accidental damage, their material does not diverge further in the direction of the cut. Due to their physical properties, they can be used in any premises with operating temperatures from -20 to +50.

5. Need for material and technical resources

5.1. The mechanization of construction and special construction works must be comprehensive and carried out with sets of construction machines, equipment, small-scale mechanization, necessary assembly equipment, inventory and fixtures. Means of small-scale mechanization, equipment, tools and technological equipment necessary for performing insulation and finishing work must be completed in standard sets in accordance with the technology of the work performed. When choosing machines and installations, it is necessary to provide for options for replacing them if necessary. If the use of new construction machines, installations and devices is envisaged, the name and address of the organization or manufacturer must be indicated.

5.2. An indicative list of the main necessary equipment, machines, mechanisms and tools for the production of work is given in table 4.

	Name of machines, mechanisms, machine tools, tools and materials			Quantity
	ladders
	Scaffold
	Pliers


	Screwdrivers

	screwdriver
	Hydraulic level

6. Safety and labor protection

6.1. When performing work on the installation of stretch ceilings, it is necessary to follow the rules given in SNiP 12-03-2001 “Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements”, SNiP 12-04-2002 “Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production”, fire safety rules provided by GOST 12.1.004 “Fire safety. General requirements” and SNiP 12-04-2002. And it is also necessary to comply with the requirements of GOST 12.3.002-75. Manufacturing processes. General safety requirements and RD 102-011-89 Labor protection. Organizational and methodological documents.

6.2. Responsibility for the implementation of safety measures, labor protection, industrial sanitation, fire and environmental safety rests with the work managers appointed by order. The responsible person carries out organizational management of the work directly or through the foreman. The orders and instructions of the responsible person are binding on all those working at the facility.

6.3 Labor protection of workers should be ensured by the issuance of the administration necessary funds personal protection(special clothing, footwear, etc.), the implementation of measures for the collective protection of workers (fencing, lighting, ventilation, protective and safety devices and fixtures, etc.), sanitary facilities and devices in accordance with applicable standards and the nature of the work performed. Workers must be provided with the necessary conditions for work, food and rest. Works are performed in special footwear and overalls. All persons on the construction site are required to wear safety helmets.

Safety decisions should be taken into account and reflected in organizational and technological maps and schemes for the production of work.

6.4. Terms of work, their sequence, the need for workforce is established taking into account the provision of safe work and the time to comply with measures that ensure the safe performance of work, so that any of the operations performed is not a source of industrial danger for simultaneously performed or subsequent work. When developing methods and sequence of work, it is necessary to take into account the hazardous zones that arise in the course of work. If it is necessary to perform work in hazardous areas ah, measures should be taken to protect workers. The installation of ceilings is allowed for persons not younger than 18 years of age who have been instructed at the workplace in safety, industrial sanitation, trained in work methods and have a certificate for the right to perform work.

6.5. Sanitary facilities should be located outside hazardous areas. A first-aid kit with medicines, stretchers, fixing splints and other first aid equipment should be kept and constantly replenished in the workers' rest trailer. All workers on the construction site must be provided with drinking water. Work with mechanisms, devices, inventory and tools must be carried out in accordance with the instructions for their operation.

Installation of stretch ceilings specialized tool, providing mechanization of the assembly process of the ceiling frame.

6.6. Workers must be provided with overalls and personal protective equipment. Workers performing work must know:

dangerous and harmful to the body factors of production work performed;
harmful substances and the components of the materials used and the nature of their impact on the human body;
rules of personal hygiene;
instructions on the technology of work, maintenance of the workplace, safety, industrial sanitation, fire safety;
first aid rules.

6.7. Given the specifics of the work, it is necessary to install and finish the ceilings only specialized organizations who has experience in the installation and finishing of these structures.

The person responsible for the safe performance of work is obliged to:

familiarize the workers with the Working Technological Map against signature;
monitor the good condition of tools, mechanisms and devices;
explain to employees their duties and the sequence of operations.

6.8. The equipment, tooling and devices used for the installation of the Clipso stretch ceiling, used in the course of work, must comply with the safety conditions for performing work. The supply of materials to the workplace must be carried out in a technological sequence that ensures the safety of work. Store materials and equipment at workplaces in such a way that they do not create a hazard during the performance of work and do not obstruct passages. Illumination in work areas should be uniform, without blinding effect of lighting devices on workers. To protect the worker's head from mechanical damage when performing work, it is necessary to use helmets, GOST 12.4.087-84.

6.9. When installing stretch ceilings, devices designed for convenience and safety of work (scaffolding, universal collapsible scaffolding, inventory tables) are used, depending on the height of the room and its volume. Devices should not be a source of hazardous production factors.

6.10. With a working platform height of 1.3 m or more, it is necessary to arrange protective fences. The height of protective fences must be at least 1.2 m. Current-carrying parts of electrical installations must be insulated, fenced or placed in places inaccessible to touch them. Places of production electric welding works must be freed from combustible materials within a radius of at least 5 m, and from explosive materials - 10 m. Metal parts of electric welding equipment that are not under voltage, as well as welded elements and structures, must be grounded for the entire duration of welding.

6.11. When working with an assembly piston gun, it is mandatory to comply with the requirements of the “Safety instructions for an operator working with a PTS-52-1 assembly piston gun”. Sawing of elements for stretch ceilings and other materials should be carried out in specially designated places where it is not allowed to find persons who are not involved in this work.