Systems for lighting houses with sunlight. A new way of lighting rooms with daylight. Possibility of installing lighting in any room

The sun is the greatest thing that human eyes can see.
Davydov Robert Borisovich

Light guides is a very interesting solution. Solutions for insolation appeared on the Russian market relatively recently and have not yet received proper distribution. At the moment, they are mainly used by large advanced companies.

The main advantage of light guides is sunlight, and that says it all. Man organically requires natural light, and no artificial sources of illumination can replace it.

What rooms are illuminated with light guides?

In additional solar lighting, basements, basements and rooms on the shady side of the building are needed.

How does a light guide work?

The light guides use Raybender technology, patented by Solatube.

The principle of operation is simple: the light is captured by the light-collecting dome and transmitted through the channel to the room.

The light-collecting dome (marked 1 in the figure) is installed on the roof or facade of the building. Light is captured even at dusk or in cloudy weather. the use of a special lens (2) allows you to increase the capture area.

The light guide channel (3) is a tubular light guide. It is able to transmit light at a distance of up to 12 meters with virtually no loss. in this case, the channel configuration can be quite bizarre.

At the end of the channel there is a diffuser (4). It is installed on the ceiling and looks like a lamp.

One such light guide can illuminate an area of ​​14 -40 m 2 .

Why a light guide and not a window?

energy efficiency

The main heat exchange in the house occurs through the windows. In winter, the heat escapes through the windows, in the summer the heat penetrates. In any case, the cost of either heating or air conditioning increases. When using light guides, there is practically no heat loss. As a result, you seriously save on maintaining a comfortable climate in your home.

Possibility of installation

Not everywhere you can install a window. In the basement, the window does not make sense, but the light guide does :)

Uniform illumination of large rooms

Possible difficulties

Daylight hours

The first and obvious objection to the use of light guides is the short daylight hours in our lane, especially in winter and autumn, when the sky is covered with clouds.

The SW530 light guide is a hollow tubular light guide (Spotlight) of the SW series designed for rooms with an area of ​​at least 20 m2 with a ceiling height of at least 3 m. It is applicable in training rooms, operator rooms, warehouses, laboratories, classrooms, offices, halls. Diffuser model SW530 is suitable for any type of ceiling.

Technical parameters table:

The efficiency of the light guide is at least 82%. At the same time, such positive qualities of natural lighting are preserved as a continuous spectrum of light, the natural rhythm of illumination corresponding to a person's "bioclock", the natural dynamics of natural light, which makes it possible to judge the weather outside, i.e. provide maximum communication with the external environment.

SW530 SERIES LIGHT GUIDE PROVIDES LIGHTING AT LEAST 30 m2

The light guide SW530 is designed to illuminate large rooms - classrooms, classrooms, laboratories, conference rooms, classrooms, offices. The solar tunnel replaces 6 armstrong lamps in summer and 2 armstrong lamps in winter. Gives out at least 5000 lm in cloudy weather and about 11000 lm in sunny weather. The heat of the sun will not pass through the light guide, which means there will be no heating of the room. And also the light guide will prevent heat loss and preserve the thermal integrity of the building.

APPLICATION OF SOLAR WELLS ALLOWS TO PROVIDE:

Efficient, healthy lighting on the upper floors of buildings and in deaf spaces;

Safe lighting of fire and explosion hazardous premises;

Safe lighting in rooms with high humidity, where there is a risk of electric shock;

Natural diffused lighting prevents objects from "burning out" and does not distort colors;

Safety for children;

Illumination of garages, pantries, toilets, bathrooms and other small spaces.

LIGHT TRANSMISSION SCHEME

MAIN ELEMENTS OF THE LIGHT TUNNEL

Dark places will be flooded with sunlight from the Solarway light guide. DiffuserThe Solarway light guide evenly distributes sunlight throughout the room, maintaining its dynamics.

CLICK HERE, TO SEE WHY THE SOLARWAY SW530 LIGHTING SYSTEM IS A QUALITY REPLACEMENT OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHTS.

comparison of SW530 light guide and sources
artificial light

Sources of artificial light (IIS)		Light Guide Solarway SW530
Positive Factors	A photo	A photo	Positive Factors
			1. Lighting in the daytime and in the evening
2. No heat loss			2. No heat loss
3. Possibility of installing lighting in any room			3. Possibility of installing lighting in any room
Negative Factors
1. Ripple			5. No ripple
2. Shine			6. Lack of shine
3. Presence of heat gains			7. No heat gain
4. Not uniform lighting			8. Uniform illumination
5. Electrical and fire hazard			9. Electrical and fire safety
6. High operating and energy costs			10. No energy costs for lighting
7. Discrete spectral composition does not correspond to the spectral composition of natural light	The total cost of a roof window with installation is at least 25,000 rubles. (With a lighting area of ​​at least 22 m2)	The total cost of a hollow mirror light guide with installation is no more than 22,000 rubles. (When the lighting area is not less than 22 m2)	11. Full preservation of the spectral composition of natural light
8. Lack of visual contact with the external environment			12. Maintaining partial visual contact with the external environment
9. Negative environmental impact			13. No impact on the environment
The light tunnel has 13 positive factors in contrast to artificial lighting.

Artificial lighting - created by electric light sources. Natural lighting - created by direct sunlight and diffused light of the sky, varies depending on the geographical latitude, time of year and day, degree of cloudiness and transparency of the atmosphere. Sources of artificial light (AIS) are able to illuminate the target room around the clock, with one condition - in the presence of electricity. Those. in the absence of electricity in the network, there will be no lighting, which means that it will not be possible to use the room for its intended purpose. Light guide - not dependent on electricity during the daytime, i.e. You can use the room for its intended purpose as long as it is light outside.

Unlike windows, sources of artificial light do not lose the heat of the building; I, like light guides, perform their direct duty - lighting. The light guide is a hollow annular mirror (mirror tube), which is completely hermetic, it excludes the possibility of convection of air masses due to the built-in Thermal Barrier.

Possibility of installing lighting in any room It often happens that it is not possible to conduct light into a room that is located inside the house and does not have access to the outer walls. artificial lighting sources cope with this problem just like light guides, which are capable of conducting natural light at a distance of up to 20 meters deep into the building The light guide can easily illuminate any room remote from the roof or outer wall.

Illumination uniformity. Modern lighting sources (LED lamps) have a very low uniformity close to one. The light guide has a high uniform illumination closer to three.

Pulsation. Any artificial light source has a stroboscopic effect - in other words, there is a pulsation. Many have already experienced the non-visual impact of pulsing artificial lighting, which manifested itself in the form of a feeling of discomfort, fatigue and even malaise that occurs under conditions that at first glance are good, brightly lit rooms or when working at a computer. The light guide is essentially a window or a spotlight, and like a periscope, it transmits sunlight without distortion and pulsations.

Glitter. Glare has a negative effect on eye function. Eyes do not have protection against glare. In the presence of high brightness, the functions of vision decrease, and a kind of temporary blindness occurs, which is called glare. A high degree of brilliance can cause visual disturbances, headaches. Glitter in production conditions is completely unacceptable. The presence of gloss in the workplace can lead to work injury. The diffuser of the light guide does not have a blinding effect, the light is evenly distributed over the entire area of ​​the room.

Heat inflows. Heat dissipation from IMS is not so great, however, in accordance with regulatory documents, they must be taken into account. The total heat input from IMS is no more than 3%. The light guide transmits heat less than 0.5%, raising the temperature in the room by no more than 0.003 ° C

Electrical and fire safety The light guide is electrically and fireproof. The light guide does not require electricity to perform its main function - lighting.

No energy costs for lighting The main advantage of the light guide is its direct economy. IIS do not have direct savings and can only be content with indirect ones.

O S
It is recommended to wipe the surface of the dome with a damp cloth 2 times a year.
It is forbidden to exert physical influence on the product.

For installation of light guides it is necessary:

Prepare holes in the roof and ceilings. (In accordance with SNiP 2.01.07-85 "Loads and impacts").

Prepare a box for a light shaft on the roof. The height of the shaft depends on the thickness of the snow cover in winter (SNiP 23-01-99 "Construction climatology"; SNiP 41-01-2003 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning").

Assembly of light guides:

First, the tubes are assembled according to the installation instructions.

Pipes are placed in the opening and fixed in interfloor ceilings (if the light guide passes more than one floor)

With a long length of the light guide, the pipes are assembled in segments and attached already in place. With a small length of the light guide (2-3 tubes), you can assemble the entire pipe and mount it as an assembly.

Familiarize yourself with the technical data sheet of the product

ADDITIONAL OPTIONS and ACCESSORIES

Installing a device such as a dimer (dimmer) will allow you to change the intensity of the general light in the premises.

The light corona is designed for additional lighting of premises with the help of light guides in the dark.

Heliostat technology "Peresvet" (developed by Solarzhi) is a fixed panel. Sunlight at low angles during sunrise and sunset, falling on the heliostat, is redirected to the mirror tube. The efficiency of the device is not less than 90% at angles from 0 to 15 degrees.

Solar lighting systems (SSO) are increasingly being used both abroad and in domestic practice in the design, construction and operation of natural lighting lighting installations. Solar lighting systems allow you to maximize the amount of sunlight in the interior of residential and public buildings, while providing a significant reduction in electricity consumed for lighting. CCO is a system that captures sunlight through a dome on the roof and directs it down a system of light guides. The application of a multilayer polymer film with a high level of reflection (99.7%) of the visible spectrum of natural light to the inner surface of the light guide ensures the transmission of light over distances of up to 20 meters or more without distorting the spectral component.

1) Name of the considered method (technology)

The technology of transmission of natural (sunlight) light through light channels using a daylight (solar) lighting system.

2) Description of the proposed technology (method) for improving energy efficiency, its novelty and awareness of it, the availability of development programs

Technology for transmitting natural light into rooms - this is a set of high-tech lighting elements that concentrate daylight, deliver it to a distance of up to 20 meters without loss and completely dissipate it in the interior of the building. These systems have the properties of optical filters, transmitting only the visible component of natural light (without UV and IR spectra) into the premises, while reducing the transfer / loss of thermal energy. This eliminates the costs associated with the use of electrical energy for lighting and air conditioning. Information about the technology is widely presented on many Internet resources. In recent years, an extensive dealer network has been formed. The information was sent to all regions of Russia, starting from the governors of the subjects of the Federation. There is currently no program for the inclusion of this technology in modern Russian construction. The introduction of technology in modern Russian construction is of a "point" nature and is carried out by the most professional and far-sighted participants in the construction market.

System Description

The patented design consists of a light-collecting dome located on the roof (made of weather-resistant acrylic), which is a combination of Fresnel lenses that capture direct sunlight and diffuse scattered light from reception angles (including the smallest ones) for its further transmission to the interior space of the room. The design does not attract attention and does not distort the architectural appearance of the building.

The design of the SSO consists of:

• Light-gathering dome
• Flushing
• Light guide
• Diffuser

Application of a multilayer polymer film with a high level of reflection (99.7%) of the visible spectrum of natural light on the inner surface of the light guide provides light transmission over distances of up to 20 meters or more, with several turns of the light guide at an angle of 90 0 .

The main costs of SSO (solar lighting systems) fall on their manufacture, transportation and installation. The average payback of CSO in terms of electricity consumption for lighting purposes is from 3 to 5 years for objects located at 45-55 0 latitude.

Purpose of the system

Applications for daylight lighting systems include:

• healthcare institutions and recreational centers;
• educational institutions (universities, schools, kindergartens and nurseries);
• housing construction objects;
• business centers;
• shopping centers and supermarkets;
• sports facilities and facilities;
• production shops and warehouses;
• livestock, fur farms and poultry houses, and many others. others

The high quality of all components of the system provides a ten-year guarantee for the operation of the equipment.

3) The result of increasing energy efficiency in mass implementation

The mass introduction of the technology of transmitting natural light into rooms through light channels into the practice of modern construction will lead to the following results:

• the positive impact on human health of continuous exposure to the visible spectrum of natural light;
• there will be a qualitative change in the architectural forms of buildings;
• light openings in building envelopes (windows, skylights, atriums, etc.) will cease to play a dominant role in illuminating the interior spaces of buildings;
• the illumination of the premises with natural light will improve at the lowest energy consumption;
• energy losses / energy inflows of buildings will be reduced;
• positive impact on the planet's ecology by reducing the conditional CO2 emissions into the atmosphere.

The above consequences of applying the technology of transmitting light through light channels give rise to refer it to energy-saving and environmentally friendly technologies, which is relevant and in demand in the context of growing environmental and energy crises.

4) Forecast of the effectiveness of technology (method) in the future, taking into account following factors:

• rising energy prices
• growth in the well-being of the population
• introduction of new environmental requirements
• other factors

This energy-saving technology belongs to the category of capital construction elements that reduce energy losses / energy inflows of buildings, as well as reduce the consumption of electrical energy spent on lighting premises during the daytime. These systems meet the requirements of the time in the matter of energy-efficient "green" construction. The growth of the well-being of the population will contribute to an increasing attention from the side of people to their health, and hence to a wide application in the construction of individual houses. The payback period of equipment when lighting large objects: supermarkets, indoor stadiums, industrial premises is from 3 to 5 years. The systems, having a 10-year warranty and an unlimited service life, belong to the capital elements of structures and can be installed at any stage of construction or during reconstruction

5) Is there a need for additional research to expand the list of objects for the introduction of this technology?

All research has already been done. These systems have been successfully used all over the world for more than 20 years at various facilities.

6) Reasons why the proposed energy efficient technologies are not applied on a massive scale; action plan to remove existing barriers

• lack of necessary professional training for designers and architects;
• lack of a sustainable culture of energy conservation among the population and professionals;
• lack of economic mechanisms to stimulate the activities of entities using energy-saving technologies;
• lack of a regulatory framework for the application and use of new energy-saving technologies.

7) Existing incentives, coercion, incentives for the introduction of the proposed technology (method) and the need to improve them

The issues of energy efficiency and environmental safety in all spheres of social and industrial activity of the Russian society have now acquired particular relevance. This was reflected in the adoption of Federal Law No. 261 dated November 23, 2009 “On Energy Saving and Improving Energy Efficiency and on Amending Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation”, which clearly outlines the directions for solving the problem of Russia's energy security. Among these areas, special attention is paid to improving the energy efficiency of buildings.

8) The presence of technical and other restrictions on the use of technology (method) at various facilities

9) The need for R&D and additional testing

10) Availability of decrees, rules, instructions, standards, requirements, prohibitive measures and other documents regulating the use of this technology (method) and mandatory for execution; the need to make changes to them or the need to change the very principles of the formation of these documents; the presence of pre-existing regulatory documents, regulations and the need for their restoration

Is absent

11) The need to develop new or change existing laws and regulations

It is necessary to develop new regulatory legal acts that define energy consumption standards, which will be an incentive for the introduction and use of new energy-saving technologies in modern construction.

12) Availability of implemented pilot projects, analysis of their real effectiveness, identified shortcomings and proposals for improving the technology, taking into account the accumulated experience

A number of pilot projects using this innovative technology have already been implemented in Russia. The most significant include:

Education and Science:

• kindergarten No. 229 (Izhevsk);
• kindergarten No. 20 (Sredneuralsk);
• kindergarten No. 15 (Slavyansk-on-Kuban, Krasnodar Territory);
• secondary school No. 35 (Krasnodar);
• sports and recreation complex (st.Leningradskaya, Krasnodar Territory);
• Nizhny Novgorod Law Academy (N.Novgorod);
• sports and recreation complex (N.Novgorod);
• Ural House of Science and Technology (Yekaterinburg);
• an oceanarium and the Scientific and Adaptation Building (Vladivostok, Russky Island).

Medical institutions:

• hospital of the North Caucasus Railway (Rostov-on-Don);
• Sochi Infectious Diseases Hospital (Sochi);
• veterinary clinic (Krasnodar).

Transport nodes:

• Marine Station (St. Petersburg);
• Station complex (Anapa).

Manufacturing companies:

• plant "Mars" (Moscow, Ulyanovsk);
• plant "Danone" (Moscow region);
• LLC "ANT-inform" (Krasnodar).

Trading companies:

• "IKEA" in the shopping center MEGA Adygea-Kuban (Krasnodar);
• "IKEA" in the shopping center MEGA Belaya Dacha (Moscow);
• "YUG-Cable" (Krasnodar)
• car center "AvtoGAZ" (Krasnodar);
• car dealership "Hyundai" (Izhevsk);
• auto show "Citroen‎" (Yaroslavl).

Financial institutions:

• Branch of Gazprombank (Magnitogorsk);

as well as office buildings and private houses in various regions of Russia.

13) The possibility of influencing other processes during the mass introduction of this technology (changes in the environmental situation, possible impact on human health, increased reliability of power supply, changes in daily or seasonal loading schedules for power equipment, changes in economic indicators of energy generation and transmission, etc.)

With the mass introduction of this technology in modern construction, positive social results will take place: reducing the fatigue of workers in the workplace (up to 16%), improving the quality of assimilation of material by students (up to 20%), and increasing the efficiency of trade enterprises (up to 40%). The daily load on electrical networks will be significantly reduced, especially in summer, by reducing the time of using artificial light sources and reducing the required capacity for air conditioning.

14) Availability and sufficiency of production capacities in Russia and other countries for the mass introduction of technology

The production of this equipment in Russia is constrained only by the mentality of the population and management, and as a result, the lack of market development.

15) The need for special training of qualified personnel for the operation of the implemented technology and the development of production

This technology has a 10-year warranty and an unlimited service life. To ensure these characteristics, it is necessary to exclude the negative influence of the human factor. To solve this problem, periodic training of specialists in the sale and installation of daylight lighting systems is carried out.

16) Suggested methods of implementation:

• introduction to educational disciplines of design specialties of a special course;
• great educational work in the creative community;
• wide advertising company;
• commercial financing (energy service contracts);
• competition for the implementation of investment projects developed as a result of work on energy planning for the development of a region, city, settlement;
• budget financing for efficient energy-saving projects with long payback periods;
• introduction of prohibitions and mandatory requirements for the use, supervision of their observance.

Light lanterns - building elements of the building, which is designed to illuminate the premises with sunlight and reduce dependence on artificial lighting.

Especially light lanterns are used in those rooms where natural light through the windows is minimal (or absent), and it is possible to lay a light tunnel through a non-residential attic. With the help of a tunnel type skylight, it is possible to provide natural lighting to rooms and areas inside the house that do not have windows (for example, a bath, a toilet, a dressing room, a pantry, a corridor, photo 1).

Photo 1. Tunnel-type light guides

Flashlight: where it is used, the principle of operation, what it consists of, marking

Light lanterns are called differently - “light guides”, “light wells”, “light tunnels”, SDS system (Solatube Daylighting System).

Light guides have recently gained popularity, as they have a simple design and a fairly high efficiency. So, the VELUX (Lovegrove) light tunnel in cloudy weather passes through itself up to 440 lumens (430 lumens - 40W incandescent lamp), and in sunny weather - 2800 lumens, photo 2. One tunnel-type skylight can illuminate a room with an area of ​​9 m 2 .

Photo 2. Light tunnel manufactured by VELUX

Nowadays, light guides are represented by such manufacturers: ALLUX, VELUX, Fakro, Solarspot, etc.

Light guides can be installed both in vertical, inclined positions (roof with an angle from 15° to 60°), and in horizontal position (walls).

On the photo 3 options for installing light tunnel lights are presented.

Photo 3. Light tunnel installation options

Tunnel lights from different manufacturers may differ in some structural elements, but in general they consist of:

• outer element- is located on the surface of the roof (usually sloping) and collects the rays of daylight. The outer element is a hemisphere or spherical dome that collects light rays with the help of installed Frinel lenses. The dimensions of the upper element are round in shape with a diameter of 0.25 m, 0.35 m and 0.53 m (there are other sizes), the entire outer part usually has a size of 0.47 × 0.47 m and more. The above round external elements are capable of illuminating a room area of ​​14, 24 and 40 m 2, respectively (with a room height of 2.4 m);
• inner element– scatters and evenly distributes the sun's rays in the room.

External and internal elements are connected tunnel pipes, which are rigid or elastic (usually 0.35 m in diameter, up to 2 m long, can be extended up to 6 m when using additional connecting elements).

The principle of operation of the light tunnel

The principle of operation of a tunnel type light lantern is very simple: the external element collects the sun's rays and transmits them to the internal element through the reflective inner surfaces of the tunnel pipe, which scatters the light rays in the room. The inner surface of the pipes is covered with a layer of aluminum and additionally consists of 400 layers of a special reflective film (reflectivity - 99.7%). Such a surface is capable of collecting a huge amount of rays not only in cloudy weather, but even at night from the radiation of the moon and city lighting.

When laying the lantern, remember that the longer the tunnel pipe and the more bends, the more light loss:

• at each bend, the losses are 10 ... 40%;
• on each meter of the pipe, the losses are 20 ... 40%.

To obtain the maximum effect of lighting with a tunnel lantern, it is necessary to install a tunnel pipe of the following length:

• rigid pipe within 0.9 ... 6.0 m;
• corrugated pipe 0.4 ... 2.0 m (corrugated pipe cannot be extended).

What are flashlights made of?

We will consider a more detailed structure of light guides using the example of the ALLUX and VELUX light guide system. The light guide of the ALLUX system consists of ( photo 4 and 5):

• dome (receiver of light radiation);
• roofing block;
• a mirror pipe or light guide (a light-conducting channel that transmits light rays due to their reflection from the surface of the pipe;
• diffuser (light distribution device).
• additional components (photo 6).

Photo 4. The device of a tunnel-type light guide manufactured by ALLUX: a) general scheme; b) dome

Photo 5. Design of the ALLUX light guide: a) roof block; b) diffuser; c) rigid tunnel pipe; d) corrugated tunnel pipe

Photo 6. Additional components of the tunnel light guide: a) double-glazed window with improved thermal insulation properties; b) light tube elbow; c) electric lamp (additional function); d) dimmer (“Switch” - dimming curtain, which is installed inside the light tube); e) protective cross "Anti-theft"

Dome made of polycarbonate or tempered glass, which has unchanged light-conducting properties and high impact strength, photo 4b.

Dome Features:

• the special shape and material of the dome makes it possible not to carry out additional cleaning of the surface. Rain is enough to clean the surface.
• The maximum collection of sunlight occurs in the morning and evening, as well as in cloudy weather.
• the dome is UV protection.

Roof block- this is an aluminum part of the light guide, designed to connect the dome to the roof and provide reliable waterproofing, photo 5a.

Diffuser, also called a light diffuser - designed for uniform distribution and soft dispersion of sunlight throughout the room. Diffuser made of double polycarbonate, photo 5b.

light guideALLUX(mirror tube) is designed to redirect the incident rays to the dome to the diffuser, and then to the room, photo 5, c, d. Such a scattering ability of the light guide is provided by the mirror inner surface. ALLUX is produced by the manufacturer in two versions:

• ALLUX Plus light guide (aluminum material, rigid, silver-plated inside), photo 5c;
• light guide ALLUX Flexi (corrugated, soft), photo 5g.

Advantages of using different types of light guide:

Light tunnel marking

The VELUX light tunnel has several varieties, which are marked as follows, photo 7:

• TWF- a light tunnel with a corrugated pipe, also has a built-in waterproofing flashing for installation in a profiled roofing (metal tiles, composite tiles);
• TLF– a light tunnel with a corrugated pipe, also has a built-in waterproofing flashing for installation in a flat roof covering (bituminous tiles, seam roofing);
• TWR– light tunnel with a rigid tunnel pipe, for profiled roofing (metal tiles, composite tiles);
• TLR– light tunnel with a rigid tunnel pipe, for flat roofing (bituminous tiles, seam roofing).

Photo 7. Types of tunnel-type light guides: for profiled roofing (left) and for flat roofing (right)

Benefits of using light tunnel lights

1. Easy to install and low installation work.
2. Saving electricity, which is spent on additional lighting of the room (up to 60% for lighting the premises of the house).
3. The possibility of providing daylight to rooms without windows.
4. High durability (manufacturer's warranty 5 years).
5. The light windows of the lantern do not let heat into the room in summer and cold in winter.
6. Does not consume electricity during operation (for direct use, without additional functions),
7. Ease of maintenance.
8. Possibility of regulation of illumination.
9. With the help of branded retrofit accessories, the light tunnel can have a ventilation function, and can also be used as a lamp at night.

Disadvantages of using light tunnels

1. Not very high efficiency in areas with short daylight hours.
2. In winter conditions, it is possible to be covered with snow, which temporarily leads to a cessation of the supply of light rays to the room.

Photo 8 shows examples of light tunnels that are successfully operated.

Photo 8. Examples of using light tunnels

The publication was prepared by an expert

Konev Alexander Anatolievich

The elimination of existing contradictions in the organization of natural lighting of large public facilities is possible by using the innovative technology of natural light transmission Solatube Daylighting System. Due to their technical properties, daylight lighting systems create an atmosphere of comfort in the premises, as well as significantly reduce energy costs for lighting, heating and air conditioning of the buildings in which they are installed.

Natural sunlight is vital for ensuring the physical and psychological health of a person. If there is not enough natural sunlight in the premises, then excessive use of artificial lighting can cause a serious imbalance in energy consumption, caused by the need to cool office and domestic premises already overloaded with the heat emitted by traditional lamps.

Traditionally, side lighting of premises with sunlight through standard light openings (windows, skylights, atriums) is used, but this solution has a serious drawback: in wide and large areas of public buildings and structures, when moving away from windows, an exponential decline in illumination is observed, forcing the use of illumination of remote areas artificial light sources. Vertical windows can provide normal daylight at distances of approximately 6 m from the window. Since the level of daylight decreases with increasing distance from the window, it is necessary to increase the amount of sunlight entering through the window located in front of the room. This can be achieved by increasing the area of ​​​​the window opening. This will achieve a slight increase in illumination of the back of the room. Such a solution leads to the saving of electrical energy due to the reduction of electric lighting. However, an increase in the light opening will simultaneously lead to an increase in heat gains in summer and heat losses in winter, which will nullify the resulting savings in electrical energy for lighting. Atriums, skylights and skylights placed on the roof can illuminate areas away from vertical windows, but they cannot be used to illuminate deep main areas.

Innovative room lighting system with daylight

The elimination of the existing contradiction in the organization of natural lighting of large public facilities is possible by using the innovative technology of natural light transmission Solatube Daylighting System.

This technology was created in Australia about 20 years ago. Initially, the purpose of using hollow fibers was to move the radiation source - too bright, hot, flammable - from the illuminated object without loss of radiation intensity. In fact, the goal remained the same, only if earlier a light source was understood as an exclusively man-made object, for example, an electric arc, then in order to apply this idea in relation to a distant “star named the Sun”, several long years had to pass. After that

a romantic idea of ​​delivering light through pipes - like water or gas! - in the minds of architects and builders, it began to play with new facets. It turned out that with its help it is possible to organize an ideal ecologically impeccable living space under a "green" (and not only!) roof.

The main components of this natural lighting system are a light-receiving element, a device for "transporting" light to the required distance and a light-distributing (light-scattering) unit. The light-receiving device looks like a transparent dome located outside the building: on the roof or facade. It concentrates even the smallest streams of sunlight (direct or reflected) and serves as a kind of "optical funnel" that fills the fiber with natural light.

Photo 1. Light-collecting domes on the roof of the building

The dome is integrated into the overall structure of the roof, the element of interface with the roof (flashing) protects it from moisture and does not violate the harmony of the overall appearance of the building. The light guide is a set of joined aluminum tubes of a straight or curved shape, coated on the inside with a polymer film consisting of more than four hundred optical layers, which provides a reflection coefficient close to unity even when the sun's beam is rotated by 90 degrees, as well as almost complete absorption of its infrared component aluminum base. The loss of light energy with a path length of 12-20 m does not exceed 0.03%. In winter, in conditions of a perfectly clear sky, approximately 3 times less heat is lost through the light guide than through the light aperture at the same level of light flux. The exit of light into the illuminated room is carried out through a light scattering device - a diffuser, which is made of a polymer material and has a round or square shape, various structures and sizes, however, its main properties are 100% non-glare light scattering ability and brilliant non-glare brightness.

Photo 2. Scheme of the daylight system

This daylighting system has additional options (light intensity control - dimmer, light kit for night time, ventilation kit), the use of which significantly expands the practice of its use in innovative construction.

Fields of application for daylight lighting systems are wide and varied:

• healthcare institutions and recreational centers;
• educational institutions (universities, schools, kindergartens and nurseries);
• housing construction objects;
• business centers;
• shopping centers and supermarkets;
• sports facilities and facilities;
• production shops and warehouses;
• livestock, fur farms and poultry houses;
• tfi much, much more.

Implementation examples

More than 100,000 hollow fiber systems have already been installed in Europe and the demand for them is constantly growing, as creating a more comfortable environment for people and saving energy during the day is obvious. In Russia, such solutions are still exclusive. The first large public facility, the lighting of which was entrusted to daylighting systems, was the Krasnodar GAZ auto center. Typical architectural solutions of modern car centers do not allow the traditional way, through the glazing of the walls, to illuminate the areas where employees and customers are located with natural light. With the help of an energy-saving daylighting system, it was possible to illuminate areas previously inaccessible to sunlight, as well as reduce energy consumption and heat load on the building. The system transmits light without heat gain, which means it reduces the required air conditioning power. The intensity of illumination is the same throughout the daylight hours and does not depend on the orientation of the building to the cardinal points.

Daylight lighting systems, having firmly entered the world architectural practice, have also found application for equipping the Olympic venues in Beijing. The sports hall, owned by Beijing University of Science and Technology, is equipped with 148 systems (21 inches or 530 mm in diameter) that do an excellent job of providing daylight to the 2,400-meter sports arena that can accommodate more than 8,000 spectators. The high light transmission of the light guide material made it possible to bypass the attic barriers and ensure the transmission of the light flux for more than 8 m. The diffusers included in the systems evenly scatter the light inside the room. All 148 systems are equipped with dimmers that allow you to adjust the natural lighting of the building, providing the required comfort modes for the audience and the event scenario.

Photo 3. Autocentre GAZ, Krasnodar

Photo 4. Olympic venue in Beijing

findings

Due to their technical properties, daylight lighting systems create an atmosphere of comfort in the premises, as well as significantly reduce energy costs for lighting, heating and air conditioning of the buildings in which they are installed.

The payback period for lighting large objects: supermarkets, indoor stadiums, industrial premises is from 3 to 5 years.

Daylight systems, having a 10-year warranty and an unlimited service life, are among the capital elements of structures and can be installed at any stage of construction or reconstruction.