Attic for an old house. Attic construction stages, materials used, rules and regulations Video: converting half of an old roof into an attic - an easy way

When building a residential building, the owners always want to find as much living space as possible, providing space and comfort in the house. One of great ways effective use of living space is the construction of an attic space instead of a conventional attic.

superstructure attic floor is the most rational use of space under the roof. If we add to this the special charm and attractiveness of attic rooms in private houses, one can understand why they became widespread first in the West, and then in other countries.

However, in order for such a structure to bring aesthetics and pleasant feelings to private life, it must be properly equipped to protect it from rain, wind and other negative external factors.

Design features of the attic superstructure

The construction of an attic building, with building skills, can be carried out on its own or entrusted to professionals, but in any case, before building an attic floor, you should take care of its design.

The design of the attic superstructure may be different, but you need to know that any, even a light attic, refers to power structures bearing significant loads during operation. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to take care of the strength of the supporting structures and the foundation of the attic structure. It is on them that the bulk of the load falls. If their strength is insufficient, then with outer side houses are erecting rack-columns on a separate foundation, performing additional function supports for the frame of the attic floor.

Support columns can also be used in another situation: when bearing structures generally reliable, but subject to significant wear and tear. This can take place, for example, if necessary, build an attic with your own hands on an old house. In this case, worn-out roof structures are dismantled, after which a roof is built on such supports. new frame. The load-bearing structures of the outer walls in this case do not take on the entire load, but only some of it.

The superstructure of the frame attic floor necessarily provides for the arrangement of a strapping belt. Most often it is made of reinforced reinforced concrete beams in the form of a cantilever crossbar, located in the outer walls of the building under the ceiling and monolithically connected to the walls of the attic being built. The function of the strapping belt is to distribute the load of the superstructure on the residential building, as well as to combine the attic with the main part of the building.

Frame structures attic and ordinary attic as a whole are identical to each other. In fact, the attic is an attic floor equipped for living, which entails certain changes in the arrangement of thermal and waterproofing, as well as the interior.

How to make a truss system

The initial stage of the construction of the attic is the installation of the rafter system. This is a very important process that should be given maximum attention when building an attic floor with your own hands. It is on the strength of the rafters that the reliability of the entire structure as a whole largely depends.

When installing the rafter system for the attic floor, climatic and weather factors should be taken into account. Roof structures must be able to withstand wind and snow loads along with the weight of the roof itself. The material for their construction should be decided even before making the attic.

The main materials used for the construction of attic rafters are the following:

black metal;
thin-walled galvanized profile;
wood;
combinations of these materials with each other.

Ferrous metal is the best in terms of strength, but thin-walled galvanized profile products are more convenient to use for installation in difficult areas. They can be mounted both by welding and by means of bolts and rivets. Wood is used where the welding process is not possible, for example, in the absence of electricity. Before use, it is treated with an antiseptic - in order to protect against putrefactive processes, and a flame retardant - to impart fire resistance. Depending on the situation, there may be a need for various combinations listed materials with each other.

The rafters, like other load-bearing structures of the attic (rod trusses, frames, etc.) are attached to the Mauerlat, which is located along the perimeter of the building wall. If the gaps between the bearing elements are significant, then, in order to give additional strength, runs are mounted on them.

Walls and gables of the attic floor

According to its design, the attic structure is a kind of box, in the formation of which wall and roof structures participate. The choice of material for walls and gables has some important features. They should be mentioned when talking about how to properly make the attic floor.

In particular, if the construction of the attic is planned from the very beginning when building a house, then the foundation of the building is calculated for the corresponding load, which means that the choice of material can be anything: concrete plates, brick, metal structures, etc.

If initially the construction of the attic was not planned, and only then it was decided to build it, then the material for construction should be light: most often used here wooden beam, aerated concrete and sip panels.

Wall and pediment structures mate as much as possible with the walls of the main structure. The most commonly used option is the construction of attic walls, which are a superstructure to the load-bearing walls of the building.

Do-it-yourself attic roofing

The attic roofing pie consists of the following structural parts:

vapor barrier layer;
waterproofing material;
insulation;
ventilation slot;
crate;
roofing itself.

Laying the heat-insulating layer can be carried out in two ways: either over roof structure or below it. In most cases, the first option is preferable.

The best insulation material for flat roofs is polystyrene foam, and for pitched roofs- basalt insulation. Use of materials that are not resistant to fire or impact high temperatures is not recommended as it carries some risk.

The roofs of the attics are always pitched, and therefore, to equip the roof of the attic floor with your own hands, you should prepare plates basalt insulation. Their laying is carried out in several layers with an overlap, in order to avoid the penetration of cold through free gaps.

In order to protect the insulation from exposure to moisture and vapors from the room, with inside a layer of vapor barrier is laid from it. As vapor barrier material you can use ordinary polyethylene, at the butt sections, be sure to glue it with mastic. The purchase of a special vapor barrier film will cost significantly more. True, this material is of better quality, since it allows vapors to pass both inside and out, providing "breathing" of the heat-insulating layer.

Another undesirable process from which attic roofing should be protected is condensation due to temperature changes. This can lead to decay processes inside the layers of the roofing cake, as well as to the wetting of the walls of the building. To protect against condensation and wetting, a ventilation space is arranged between the roofing and the insulation, and a layer of waterproofing is laid on top of the insulation. For this purpose, special "breathing" membranes are used. Their structure is different from the film for vapor barrier, and one material cannot be used instead of another.

Selection of skylights

There are two types of window structures for the attic: vertical and inclined. Tilt-type windows are located in the plane of the slopes and provide much greater illumination, but at the same time, snow can accumulate on them in winter. Therefore, the choice of one or another type of window structures to a large extent depends on climatic and weather conditions.

Vertical windows have special tides at the bottom for the outflow of water, and inclined ones are equipped with a system of gutters through which water flows from the roofing. The specific layout of the windows in the attic is determined by the design of the roof and the preferences of the owners of the dwelling.

interior

The final stages of arranging a beautiful and stylish attic are its interior decoration and decoration. In general, there are a lot of options here, and a lot depends on individual preferences. However, some general recommendations regarding the interior design of the attic should still be taken into account.

The height of the attic wall structures is usually small compared to the roof slopes. If it does not exceed 0.5 meters, then “deaf” zones appear in areas near the walls, which are difficult to use rationally. They can accommodate bedside tables, small built-in wardrobes or shelves. If the height of the walls is 0.8-0.9 meters, then you can place a bed in this place, and if the height is more than 1.3 meters, you can equip working area with a table.

In the attic room you can equip a bathroom and a bathroom. When choosing a location for them, again, the rationality of the use of housing space should be taken into account as much as possible.

The main nuances associated with the construction and arrangement of the attic structure, as well as with its internal design, should be considered when drafting the project, before building on the attic. Properly approaching the construction process, you can get an excellent replacement for the second floor, as well as cozy place for relaxation and enjoyment.

Modern people try to use the area of their home as efficiently as possible. Therefore, the proposal to equip additional space under the roof is always met with enthusiasm. It is much easier to plan the construction of an attic at the stage of building a house, but you can make an additional superstructure above the old building.

How to make an attic on an old house

The presence of an attic not only increases living space, but also gives the building a colorful look.

Attic turns Vacation home in a fabulous building

An old house can be updated by building a superstructure in accordance with existing standards.

The attic superstructure begins with calculations of the strength of the old house

First you need to decide whether the existing foundation and walls can withstand the load of the attic floor and the new roof. If they have a sufficient margin of safety, then you can start remodeling the house. Otherwise, they should be strengthened.

Old brick walls sometimes seem strong, but with additional stress, cracks may appear in the mortar over time. Therefore, it is necessary to immediately consider their condition, and, if necessary, tie them with a rigid belt. This is done as follows:

metal poles with a section of 10x10 cm are inserted into the foundation with the lower edge, and connected with the armored belt of the first floor with the upper edge. Installed around the perimeter of the house every 2 meters;
metal fittings with a cross section of 12 mm are placed in strakes and tie the house along the walls: from the bottom of the window every 2 meters up;
lays over the reinforcement metal grid with a cell size of 2x2 cm, which, after completion of all work, is covered with plaster.

Strengthening the foundation is carried out by tying with a reinforcing belt from all sides.

If the old foundation cannot withstand the attic, then it must be sheathed with reinforcement

Having decided on the strengthening of the building, you can proceed to the choice of the project of the future superstructure. It should look harmonious against the background of other buildings and match the style of the whole house.

From type mansard roof the calculation of the dimensions of the inner upper room and the necessary materials for construction will depend

There are several types of attics:

single-level with a gable roof - low ceilings with a small living space;
A single-level attic with a gable roof is the simplest type of superstructure for small buildings
single-level with a sloping gable roof - increased interior space, but serious costs and time for construction;
A single-level attic with a broken gable roof is usually built on a brick house
single-level with cantilever extensions - a complex structure that allows you to get even more area, since the attic frame extends beyond the building, and the windows are installed vertically;
A single-level attic with cantilever extensions allows you to get a lot inner space due to the increase in the upper structure
multi-level with mixed roof support - used in the construction of a new house, built only by specialists.
A multi-level attic with a mixed roof support on old houses is usually not installed due to the complexity and large amount of work.

Video: converting half of the old roof into an attic - an easy way

Alteration of the roof under the attic - comparatively cheap way increase in living space. In a private house, a pitched roof is usually placed, so you can make an additional spacious and bright room with your own hands.

Internal wood paneling makes the attic warm and bright

And if the house is large enough in length, then the attic can turn into a real floor: with several rooms and even a balcony.

A large attic allows you to divide the area into different residential areas

Advantages of creating an attic:

the possibility of arranging one or more new living rooms;
Attic with low ceilings under a gable roof it is most convenient to furnish low sunbeds
low costs compared to the construction of a full-fledged floor or a side extension to the house;
renovation of the exterior of the building;
A house with an attic under construction always attracts the eyes of passers-by and is interested in the final result.
opportunity to observe beautiful view from the attic window.
A lot passes through the windows in the attic sunlight illuminating the room all day long

However, this solution also has certain disadvantages that must also be taken into account:

the need for insulation and soundproofing of the ceiling and a new roof, the installation of several double-glazed windows;
the difficulty of conducting additional heating and lighting in the upper part of the old house - you will have to combine it with home wiring or use an autonomous connection;
To heat the attic with access to the balcony, you can use a potbelly stove
layout of a part of the home space under the stairs leading to the attic;
The stairs leading to the attic must be fenced for safety.
the need to purchase special furniture for a sloping roof or purchase squat models: low cabinets, sofas and tables.
Low furniture is best suited for attic interiors

The presence of sloping walls makes the room unusual and romantic, but with this decision you will have to take a more responsible approach to design development. You can make furniture for an inclined superstructure yourself or assemble a single complex from existing multi-level models, painting everything in one color.

Furniture that repeats the slope of the attic can be made independently

So, the main disadvantage of converting an attic into an attic is the need to invest, but it's worth it.

Building an attic will cost much less than creating an additional floor, regardless of what materials will be used to build the walls. Indeed, to create them, you will need the main material, insulation and decoration, while for the attic superstructure you only need roof insulation and a new truss system.

The superstructure is made in a symmetrical or asymmetrical shape. Internal walls are designed both inclined and vertical.

Having studied the schemes of single-level attics with different types roofs, it is easier to make a choice when planning

Alteration of the attic into an attic does not require the dismantling of all existing structures. But you need to make sure that ceiling: check its condition, reinforce it with wooden or metal beams, sheathe with a new board. Then it will be able to withstand the weight of furniture and people.

For frequent climbing to the attic, you will need to do comfortable stairs, provide for the installation of ventilation, natural and artificial lighting, perform interior decoration - all this will create a cozy and comfortable room.

A superstructure with a sloping roof, decorated in light colors, visually increases the space, and color spots add brightness to the interior

When building an attic floor, the following conditions must be met:

rafters are made of glued timber with a thickness of at least 250 mm so that the required amount of insulation can be laid;
foamed polystyrene is used for insulation due to its low weight and high thermal insulation characteristics;
a gap is left between the thermal insulation and the roofing material to provide natural ventilation;
a hydro- and sound-proof layer must be laid.

Alteration of the roof under the attic do it yourself

During the construction of a house, there is usually not enough money, so many refuse to build a second floor. Or another situation may arise when an old one-story house of a small area is purchased along with the site. In both cases there is affordable option increasing space for living - do-it-yourself restructuring of the attic space into an attic.

Create a project

Before starting work, you need to draw up a plan and develop a project with accurate drawings. Correct calculation will allow you to get a comfortable, durable and secure premises. You can perform all the calculations yourself or entrust it to specialists.

Draw a plan and develop preliminary design you can study on your own different variants in the Internet

Reinforcement of walls and foundations may be necessary in case of complete replacement rafters. If the roof is partially redone, then reinforcement may be needed only for overlapping. You also need to immediately decide what types of windows will be used in the attic: the reinforcement in the truss system will depend on this.

The location of all windows in the attic roof must be thought out in advance and this data entered into the project plan

truss system

Rafters can be layered or hanging. The former rest on the inner walls of the house or additional supports, and the latter on the outer walls.

In the attic, layered and hanging rafters are used.

Hanging rafters are best suited for the attic.

Attic with hanging rafters looks prettier and wins in the size of the internal area

The attic usually occupies the entire space of the attic, and its walls are combined with the outer ones.

The best option for creating an attic is a layered truss system.

The rafter system consists of different load-bearing bars. To understand the structure of the entire structure and build it correctly, you need to understand the purpose and operation of its individual elements.

The image of the individual elements of the truss system helps to understand the structure of the entire structure

Refurbishment of the premises

With a sufficient height of the attic space truss system no need to redo. It is enough to inspect the old rafters, identify possible flaws and eliminate them.

If the truss system is in good condition, you can proceed to the arrangement of the floor. Insulation is first laid between the lags, after which the surface is sheathed with ordinary boards or sheets of OSB, chipboard.

The floor in the attic is insulated and covered with boards

Before laying the insulation, all necessary communications are mounted between the rafters, places are cut in the roof for installing windows. carried out before warming.

All wires and pipes of communications must be placed in special corrugations

Care must be taken to create natural ventilation of the under-roof space through the vents so that moisture does not accumulate inside the room.

Roof insulation

It is necessary to insulate the roof correctly and efficiently - the microclimate under the roof will depend on this. Typically, mineral wool, polystyrene foam or sprayed polyurethane foam is used as insulation.

A thick layer of heat insulator is tightly laid and fixed between the rafters so that there are no gaps or gaps anywhere. On the upper part of the roof - between the roof and the insulation - waterproofing is mounted, then it is laid thermal insulation material from the side of the room. Then from the inside the insulation is covered with a vapor barrier film.

For better ventilation a small distance is left between the roofing material and the insulation: this is how air circulates through the holes in the cornice and ridge. If the roof is covered with corrugated sheets, then the thickness of the gap should be 25 mm, if flat material, then it is necessary to bring it to 50 mm.

When creating attic thermal insulation, it is necessary to strictly observe the sequence of layers

When planning an ascent to the attic, you need to take care of the convenience and safety of movement. Therefore, the ladder is usually mounted inside the house. It is constructed from wood or metal: it can be either a screw or a marching structure.

The stairs to the attic can be different kind and design, which allows it to fit into any interior

An opening is cut in the ceiling of the first floor, which is reinforced along the perimeter with metal or wooden strapping.

The design of the stairs to the attic must be durable, reliable, safe and beautiful.

Interior decoration

For wall cladding, in most cases, gypsum boards are used, the seams between them are plastered. Wallpaper is glued on top or decorative plaster is applied. Alternative option- lining or natural wood.

If some rafters protrude through the walls into the attic, then they can be designed as decorative elements and even use it as a horizontal bar for hanging a hammock, swing, chandelier and other fixtures.

The design of the visible parts of the rafters in the interior of the attic is an interesting and creative business.

It is not recommended to use heavy finishing materials in the attic, as they increase the load on the walls, ceiling and foundation of the building.

There are many options for interior decoration of the attic, but it is advisable to use only light materials.

To cover the floor, you can use a laminate or linoleum, and it is better to refuse tiles or porcelain stoneware.

Roof of the attic floor

The roof of a residential superstructure should consist of the following layers (in order - from the street to the interior):

Video: why and how to properly lay layers on the roof of the attic

Mansard roof calculations for a house

Determination of the total weight of the roof

To calculate total weight roofing materials, specific gravity multiply one square meter of coverage by the total area of the mansard roof. To obtain the weight of one square meter, you must add the specific gravity of all the materials that make up roofing cake, and multiply it by the safety factor (1.1).

If the thickness of the crate is 25 mm, then its specific gravity is 15 kg / m 2, a 10 cm thick insulation has a specific gravity of 10 kg / m 2, and ondulin roofing material has a weight of 3 kg / m 2. It turns out: (15 + 10 + 3) x1.1 \u003d 30.8 kg / m 2.

According to existing standards, the load on the ceiling in a residential building should not exceed 50 kg / m 2.

Roof area determination

To calculate the surface of a sloping roof, you need to break it into simple shapes (square, rectangle, trapezium, etc.) and determine their area, and then add everything up. To define a surface gable roof you need to multiply the length by the width, the resulting value is multiplied by two.

Table: determination of the attic roof area

When calculating the angle of inclination, the climatic zone in which the house is located is taken into account, and that it is convenient to move in the attic in full growth

It is also necessary to calculate the slope of the roof. Usually the angle is 45-60 degrees, but when determining it, one must take into account climate zone in which the house is located, the type of construction of the attic, snow, wind loads, architectural design at home.

The greater the angle of inclination of the roof, the less will be the load on the truss system, but the consumption of materials will increase.

Calculation of the truss system

When choosing a truss system, you can stop at the following options:

hanging rafters;
oblique type;
skating run;
combined design.

If the length of the roof is more than 4.5 m, then support runs and struts can be used for reinforcement. With a length of more than 7 meters, a ridge beam is installed.

For wooden rafters a bar with a thickness of at least 70 mm is used. The step of their installation should be 50 cm.

On a large area, it is better to fix a metal truss system: due to the increase in the distance between the rafters, the absence of spacers and struts, the weight of such a structure will be less than that of a wooden one, and the strength will increase significantly.

If the attic area is large, then it is better to install metal rafters

Calculation of the required amount of materials

To carry out the calculation, you need to know the following parameters:

width, thickness and pitch of the rafters;
distance from the edge of the roof to the rafters;
the size of the boards for the crate and the step between them;
size, type roofing material and overlap between its sheets;
type of steam, hydro and thermal insulation material.

The roof is divided into simple shapes and the required amount of each of the materials is determined. For this, simple mathematical formulas are used.

The results obtained are converted into standard values: for wood - in cubic meters, for roofing materials, steam, hydro and thermal insulation - in square meters. And you can go to the store.

Common Mistakes

Most often, with self-calculation, errors are obtained during the determination of the required amount of insulation. If the climatic conditions are harsh, then its volume will have to be increased, otherwise it will not work to create in the attic comfortable conditions residence. The insulation is laid on the floor of the house, the walls of the gable and the slopes of the roof. But everywhere the thickness of the insulation can be different.

Video: calculation of a mansard roof with diagrams and loads

The attic floor allows you to get additional living space and gives the private house a modern attractive appearance. It is not difficult to create an attic with your own hands, you just need to correctly draw up a project, perform calculations and carry out quality installation all materials. And the result will please the owners for a long time.

1.What roofs can be used for attic buildings

2. Why lofts are becoming popular

3. What are mansard roofs

4. What you need to know when building an attic

5. Requirements for mansard roofs

6. Possibilities of using the attic floor

The final stage of any construction is the installation of a roof, and in the case of building the roof of a private house, it is important to determine not only the materials necessary for work, but also the design and shape of the roof.

The most rational today are mansard roof projects, due to which you can save a lot and equip an additional room.

AT this case it becomes possible not only to bring the attic into a more attractive appearance, but also to use it to increase living space. By what criteria can you understand that you have an attic floor in front of you?

First, it is located on top floor. Secondly, to create its facade, both partially and completely, a broken or sloping roof is involved.

Considering building requirements, then the level of intersection of the roof with the facade should not exceed 1.5 meters from the attic floor.

If the mansard roof project does not provide for such, then the room cannot be called an attic - it will remain well-equipped, but still an attic.

Architects note that mansard roofs give any home a special presentability, and also help to increase its practical functions.

If when planning the attic floor it is difficult to place interior spaces into a conditional triangle, then choose a more suitable angle of the mansard roof, for example, with broken slopes, as shown in the photo.

The main advantage of attic buildings is the ability to use an existing foundation, that is, even with capital construction land area will remain unchanged.

In a word, this roof is economical option arrangement of additional living space used in modern construction.

What roofs can be used for attic buildings

Depending on the type of roof chosen, an attic of one form or another will turn out, as a rule, these are triangular, broken, asymmetrical, located throughout the house or in a specific part of it.

Varieties of mansard roofs:

by the most simple option considered the arrangement of a pitched roof.
Such a roof looks like an inclined plane, fixed to load-bearing walls of different heights. Such options for mansard roofs are very rare due to a significant reduction in internal space.
Gable or gable roofs, consisting of two slopes fixed in opposite directions, are very popular among developers. Such a roof is characterized by ease and speed of installation, as well as high structural strength.
In the attics small houses or cottages (see: "Attic in the country, advantages and disadvantages") broken roofs look good, which are a subspecies gable roof(read: "What are the types of roofs with an attic").
The hip and semi-hip roof is considered more complex in design (they belong to four-pitched roofs).
It is noted that such projects of houses with a mansard roof are aimed at maximizing the usable area.
On rounded and polygonal buildings, a domed, pyramidal or conical roof will look great.
In this case, the roof attic type It is built in several stages and assumes maximum accuracy in the calculations.

Why attics are becoming popular

The increase in demand for the construction of attic premises is due to a number of reasons, including:

equipment of additional living space without using an additional plot;
external attractiveness of the building;
the possibility of increasing the density of construction;
expansion of an already operated house, while residents do not need to move out anywhere;
short construction period;
For the installation of the premises, a minimum budget is sufficient.

What are mansard roofs

Among a large number proposals, attention should be paid to the main options for the mansard roof used in construction:

a gable or sloping roof goes well with a single-level attic;
for a single-level design, remote consoles can be installed;
the construction of a two-level attic can be carried out using mixed-type supports (read also: “Ready-made projects of baths with an attic”).

When choosing the types of mansard roofs, it is important to take into account the level of expected load on the structure as a whole.

Even if the owner of the cottage or house will be engaged in the construction of the attic on his own, the creation of the project and the calculations of the maximum allowable loads are assigned to specialists. As for the style of roofing, a lot of options are offered here, different in appearance and cost, however, initially the choice must be consistent with operational and design requirements (see: "Mansard roof: features and stages of construction").

What you need to know when building an attic

Independently draw up a project for the mansard roof of a private house and correctly execute installation work not everyone succeeds, so it’s better to immediately lay the responsibility for the implementation of the planned activities on professional builders (see also: “Possible projects of attic houses”).

Before starting to create a project, you should analyze the layout of the base of the building, the structure of its roof.

If the design of a mansard roof is carried out as an additional floor to a house that has been in operation for a long time, then an assessment of the quality of its foundation and bearing base, as well as the level of possible load on them, is required.

One-story houses with an attic are becoming more and more popular.

Because the attic construction should be very light, then appropriate building materials are purchased.

Mansard sloping roof, in detail on the video:

Requirements for mansard roofs

All projects of mansard roofs of private houses are made taking into account the following requirements:

Roofing materials must have a minimum weight.
Perfect for this metal tile, metal sheets And so on.
For interior and exterior cladding, as well as the construction of partitions, light profiles or drywall are used.
Due to the large surface area in contact with the external environment, the level of heat loss in the attic is much greater than in the lower floors, so special attention should be paid to the thermal insulation of the roof. Builders, as a rule, recommend mineral wool or any modern lightweight insulation.
In addition, vapor barrier and waterproofing are laid (see also: "Attic in a private house - stages of the superstructure").

Possibilities of using the attic floor

It should be noted that mansard roof designs can be created for any living space, including a bedroom, study, children's playroom, gym or gym for the personal use of home owners. And when glazing the structure in the attic, you can create your own garden or green corner (read the article: “Roofs of houses with an attic: forms and variety”).

Today, the presence of an attic in the country is not only a normal activity, but also an indicator of the material well-being of the owner.

location additional floor it depends on personal preference - someone will take everything free place, and one will be enough to make only part of it. But in addition to the hard part of imagination, you need to know how to build an attic, taking into account all the nuances of a particular room. Precise planning and right choice building materials - ensuring a satisfactory result and convenient accommodation housing.

MANSARD DESIGN

During the construction of the attic space in wooden house should be considered:

The surface area depends on the angle of the roof.
The greater the slope, the greater the surface area.
Roof shape. The best option is a slippery roof that helps rationalize the space.
Characteristics of the design of future spaces and the structure of the entire building.
Particular attention should be paid to auxiliary elements.
Load it up on the roof. Where necessary, rafters are installed, which increase the strength of the structure.
Location of communication system elements in accordance with fire safety requirements.
Need to install windows.
The distance from the ground to the middle of the window is no more than 200 cm. Optimum lighting achieved if the window size is one tenth of the floor area.

For maximum correct calculation load-bearing elements the construction of the attic should be carried out at the stage of preparation of the new building. The building layout includes beams, supports, studs, rafters, and wall reinforcement. In this case, the superstructure shall have a maximum height of 2.2 m and a width of at least 3 m.

Also, you should carefully consider where the stairs and windows will be.

PRODUCTION OF WOOD MACHINES

Wood is the optimal solution for the choice of materials for the additional floor frame. In addition to the aesthetic appearance, wooden walls have low conductivity, which helps to keep the room warm. The environmentally friendly frame "breathes", absorbs the decomposition products of oxygen and other chemical compounds.

With a clear step-by-step guide for building a wooden loft with your own hands, it can be quite fast. The main thing is to determine the consumption of building materials and clearly plan the desired design.

Attic renovation

After removing the walls to the desired height and creating the floor, you can continue to upgrade the additional floor.

First, an attic wall is built, if it was included in the layout. In this case, material is used like that from which they are made wall walls. The wooden wall is covered with a bond, according to which, in order to protect against the negative impact external environment another layer of liner is used.

Walls with a half allow you to install a table whose height is higher than human height, provides free movement throughout the room. The choice depends on the purpose of the attic, the construction of the building itself and other details of the layout.

Fixing walls and installing Mauerlat

If the height of the attic wall is more than 0.7 m, in order to avoid the appearance of cracks, it is necessary to increase the strength of the structure.

For this purpose, reinforcement or gluing of the walls to which the Mauerlat is attached is performed. Binders are reinforcing bars intercepted by special clips. It strengthens the entire volume of the walls, the thickness of which determines the distance between the reinforcement.

Attention: no welding - the connection is made only with clamps!

To make a blank under the beam, we use U-shaped blocks in which the skeleton will be laid.

In addition, hairs at 1.2 cm are installed at 1 m for the subsequent installation of Mauerlate. The frame is then sprayed with concrete after a complete hardening, which can be continued in the construction of gutters from windows.

Mauerlat falls on the armada and is firmly tied to the wall.

If you want to do this, you will need 1.5 cm bars. If you do not have the length you need, you can connect some short links using an anchor.

Before the installation of Mauerlets, the humidity of the armadia was provided in advance ruberoid. The rods are drilled holes, which are located so that the anchors can easily penetrate into the grooves.

Do-it-yourself attic - an additional area of \u200b\u200byour home

Then the screws must be firmly screwed in and the structure formed must be left for a few days, after which they must be screwed.

ATTIC INSULATION

Regardless of the purpose of the lower part of the attic, the space must be insulated, which is associated with significant heat loss through the roof. In addition, due to thermal insulation, the risk of rotting wood upgrades and molds is reduced.

Mineral wool or polystyrene is used as a heater.

The use of any material has its advantages and disadvantages.

As practice shows, the optimal material design for internal thermal insulation of basalt wool.

Ceiling insulation from the inside

Before laying the thermal insulation on the ceiling, it is necessary to remove all small cracks, after which you can continue waterproofing.

For this, it is attached to the rails waterproofing film to protect the surface from moisture penetration.

If you want, you can place the box as close as possible between it and the rafters. basalt slabs . Depending on the thickness of the thermal insulation material, they are laid in one or more layers.

In order to avoid moisture penetration, it is recommended to install a vapor barrier suitable for parchment or polyethylene foil. Attach the vapor barrier to the rafters with studs or resin adhesives.

It performs the insulation of drywall ceilings, beams or plywood.

Floor and floor heating

To insulate an attic floor, you must first lay down a layer of steam fencing and then heat the space between the beams and trim with wood planks.

The walls of an attic room should only be insulated if they are not formed on the slopes of the roof. Before insulating the wall, the surface must be leveled and all laces must be removed.

The procedure for laying heat-insulating material is the same as on the ceiling, the only obligation is the presence of a container.

VENTILATION MANSARD

Appropriate ventilation device — prerequisite for reliable attic heating.

Air circulation is necessary to prevent burning of wooden scissors and corrosion of reinforced elements.

Unsuccessful organization of ventilation also leads to wetting of the insulation and deterioration of heat transfer. In order to avoid adverse effects on the roofs, it is necessary to install a ventilation slot.

And from the inside of the roofed pie, you must leave free air movement.

Holes for its exit are made in the region of the roof ridge, and in the absence of it, it is advisable to install a special special ventilation element on the ramps.

INTERIOR STRUCTURES ATTIC

The completion of the attic depends on the personal wishes of the owner and the purpose of its location.

The elements of the attic decor are no different from the design of any other room.

Here are used ceiling ceilings, wall cladding, bamboo fabric or drywall. You can create a very comfortable environment by going around or painting the walls in one or more tones. Important factors in choosing a design are the size and configuration of the attic, lighting, the location of windows and doors, and the availability of materials.

Characteristics of attic construction
Step by step - production steps
How to build an attic with your own hands
The final phase of the construction of the mansard roof

The presence of an auxiliary roof can significantly increase the usable area of a privately owned apartment. To save money, many homeowners are considering building their own attic.

According to experts, it is quite possible if you study the relevant information.

Characteristics of attic construction

One of the best options- demolish the attic.

It is spacious and, after proper refinement, will become a complete living space. When such a roof is installed without accurate calculation, it cannot do so.

It should be noted that when designing an attic with roofing, the recommendations of SNiP should be taken into account.

It is necessary to consider several shades of this part:

If the building is built on a field where a mild climate prevails with frequent windy weather and very rare snow, the roof may be tilted at a slight angle.
In the event that snowfalls and heavy rains occur in the area of \u200b\u200bresidence, the flat roof should be relaxed.
It is absolutely essential to equip high-quality acoustic, hydro and thermal insulation, as the attic should be the same living room as other rooms in the house.
The best roofing material for building a mansard roof is considered to be slate or tile.
Some owners install metal covers incorrectly, but with the onset of cold weather, they have problems with a heat-saving attic room. Building materials should be chosen with fire-resistant and moisture-resistant properties, since the roof always consists of wooden elements. For their best preservation, such surfaces are treated with antifungal agents.
If you build an external staircase with your own hands when building a roof, you can save usable floor space in the house.
More comfortable for residents will be an internal staircase, but it will take up many square meters. There is another option - the location of the ceiling staircase, which practically does not cover the space. As for the screw design, its comfort is questionable.

Step by step - production steps

When the attic rises with your own hands, the production steps will be:

Wooden beams with a size of 10 × 10 cm are installed in the waterproofing.
How to make an attic

In this case, the best waterproofing material is roofing felt or only in rolls, which makes it convenient even in the absence of appropriate skills. If the ceiling in the house is wooden, then there is no need to place additional beams under the main beams.
Below is the installation of racks on bearings with the same size cross section.
These shelves serve as a kind of fence for the attic walls. They should be installed at a distance of no more than two meters. To provide quality work at this stage, hand drawings of the attic roof will be made.

If you don't have necessary knowledge, you can contact the experts.
Each of the stands must be completely accurate and use tips and clips to secure them. The accuracy of the installation must be checked according to the level and, if necessary, put these elements in a certain place. After installing the rack, they are aligned on both sides. On the inside, sheets of plain plywood or dry walls are used, and panels are made on the outside.
It is important to install the heater between the racks.
In addition, an upper beam with the same cross section is installed. He can somehow strengthen it. When building a mansard roof, the main thing is that the beams are firmly and firmly installed.
At this stage, the Mauerlat installation, which is the support of the rear leg, is located at the bottom of the structure.
Thanks to this element, the roof ramp is fixed to the walls. For the Mauerlat, you need a stick or plate that has a 40x40 centimeter piece. Place waterproofing under it to prevent rotting.
If the Mauerlatt is well located, it will protect the roof of the house from the effects of wind, in winter from snow and other loads.
For a thorough fixation, use a wire with a cross section of 5 millimeters, preferably annealed, which is intended for gluing. If you want the power to stand, the wire is built directly into them.
At the next stage, in accordance with the installation technology attic roofs private houses, it is necessary to install rafting legs. Firstly, the mark on the Mauerlat frame and the raft is marked in the places of the rafting. Usually the installation step is 100-120 centimeters.
The scissors are made of completely flat plates with a cross section of 4-5 inches and a width of 15 centimeters.
Leg rafting must rest on an obligatory element of the building - on the crest of the rampart. This is not necessary if the length of the rafter does not exceed 8 meters.
Then they are processed by normal stretching.
The installation of the fillet is carried out in the same way as with the rafters. To simplify the work, it starts with two extreme elements.
Pull the cord between them and point to it when you install the next filler. After installation, they are attached to the floor slab, which serves as an obstacle to wind and precipitation.
Before creating a mansard roof, you must determine the location of the windows when drawing drawings.
The opening of the window must be at least 12-13% of the surface of the side walls. Where you install windows, you need to strengthen the rafts. To do this, place the strips that will become the top and bottom of the window in which the frame is mounted and attached.

How to build an attic with your own hands

Then make sure that all previous work is done correctly.

With the help of a level, it is necessary to check all sizes of tiles and beams from the cufflinks of the roofs that make up their own hands. It is also necessary to ensure the rigidity and reliability of the fastening of the structural elements to ensure that the insulation is everywhere. Minor deficiencies may need to be addressed.

You can contact an experienced builder to evaluate the quality of work in the attic of the house, as the roof must be strong, reliable and durable.

If everything is fine to set up the attic, and the design is not in danger, you can proceed to the following stages of construction:

When the roof skeleton is ready, the rails of the boxes are additionally attached to the rafters.
The step of their installation depends on the roofing material chosen to cover the roof.
After installing the rail, a hyperbarrier is applied to it. The most commonly used conventional polyethylene films for this purpose. It is cheap and at the same time protects the quality of the attic from moisture penetration. Secure it with construction clips. The film should cover from the bottom up.
Thermal insulation material is installed on top of the film layer.
One of the best insulations is mineral wool. This material is light, safe for health, perfectly retains heat. In addition, minvat does not allow the spread of rodents in the house.
In the place where the roof is located, the installation is carried out similarly to the installation of polyethylene foil.
The roof material is laid in the same way that it loads the elements against each other. It must be ensured that in places where the roof is damaged, the upper parts of the roof tops protrude above the bottom.

This point is very important, because improper installation ends with the fact that even with a little rain, the roof of the attic will start to leak and that wooden structure will gradually become useless.
Install the skates so that after the completion of the construction of precipitation, it could not get under the roof.

The final phase of the construction of the mansard roof

When the main part of the attic is completed, continue installing the doors and windows that are part of the roof of this design.

The roof cake in this case is multi-layered, so noise, heat and waterproofing are guaranteed inside the attic.

If the decision on the stairs is not made, it is better to choose an external option, which will be easier and cheaper. Over time, you can make a staircase in the room, losing part of the room in the house.

Attention should be paid to reverse works if there is a living room in the attic.

However, for those who have ever renovated houses in their homes, this kind of work will not be difficult.

Even if you decide to invite a team of experienced builders, information on how to build a roof will not be redundant.

This will allow you to control the work on the construction of the attic on the roof.

How to make an attic on an old house

The presence of an attic not only increases the living space, but also gives the building a colorful look.

The attic turns a country house into a fabulous building

An old house can be updated by building a superstructure in accordance with existing standards.

The attic superstructure begins with calculations of the strength of the old house

First you need to decide whether the existing foundation and walls can withstand the load of the attic floor and the new roof. If they have a sufficient margin of safety, then you can start remodeling the house. Otherwise, they should be strengthened.

metal poles with a section of 10x10 cm are inserted into the foundation with the lower edge, and connected with the armored belt of the first floor with the upper edge. Installed around the perimeter of the house every 2 meters;
metal fittings with a cross section of 12 mm are placed in strakes and tie the house along the walls: from the bottom of the window every 2 meters up;
a metal mesh with a cell size of 2x2 cm is laid on top of the reinforcement, which, after completion of all work, is covered with plaster.

Strengthening the foundation is carried out by tying with a reinforcing belt from all sides.

If the old foundation cannot withstand the attic, then it must be sheathed with reinforcement

The type of mansard roof will determine the calculation of the dimensions of the inner upper room and the necessary materials for construction

There are several types of attics:

single-level with a gable roof - low ceilings with a small living space;
A single-level attic with a gable roof is the simplest type of superstructure for small buildings
single-level with a sloping gable roof - increased interior space, but serious costs and time for construction;
A single-level attic with a broken gable roof is usually built on a brick house
single-level with cantilever extensions - a complex structure that allows you to get even more area, since the attic frame extends beyond the building, and the windows are installed vertically;
A single-level attic with cantilever extensions allows you to get a lot of internal space by increasing the upper structure
multi-level with mixed roof support - used in the construction of a new house, built only by specialists.
A multi-level attic with a mixed roof support on old houses is usually not installed due to the complexity and large amount of work.

Video: converting half of the old roof into an attic - an easy way

Alteration of the roof under the attic is a relatively cheap way to increase living space. In a private house, a pitched roof is usually placed, so you can make an additional spacious and bright room with your own hands.

Internal wood paneling makes the attic warm and bright

And if the house is large enough in length, then the attic can turn into a real floor: with several rooms and even a balcony.

A large attic allows you to divide the area into different residential areas

Advantages of creating an attic:

the possibility of arranging one or more new living rooms;
An attic with low ceilings under a gable roof is most conveniently furnished with low sunbeds
low costs compared to the construction of a full-fledged floor or a side extension to the house;
renovation of the exterior of the building;
A house with an attic under construction always attracts the eyes of passers-by and is interested in the final result.
the opportunity to observe a beautiful view from the attic window.
A lot of sunlight comes through the windows in the attic, illuminating the room all day

However, this solution also has certain disadvantages that must also be taken into account:

the need for insulation and soundproofing of the ceiling and a new roof, the installation of several double-glazed windows;
the difficulty of conducting additional heating and lighting in the upper part of the old house - you will have to combine it with home wiring or use an autonomous connection;
To heat the attic with access to the balcony, you can use a potbelly stove
layout of a part of the home space under the stairs leading to the attic;
The stairs leading to the attic must be fenced for safety.
the need to purchase special furniture for a sloping roof or purchase squat models: low cabinets, sofas and tables.
Low furniture is best suited for attic interiors

Furniture that repeats the slope of the attic can be made independently

So, the main disadvantage of converting an attic into an attic is the need to invest, but it's worth it.

Building an attic will cost much less than creating an additional floor, regardless of what materials will be used to build the walls. Indeed, to create them, you will need the main material, insulation and decoration, while for the attic superstructure you only need roof insulation and a new truss system.

The superstructure is made in a symmetrical or asymmetrical shape. Internal walls are designed both inclined and vertical.

Having studied the schemes of single-level attics with different types of roofs, it is easier to make a choice when planning

Alteration of the attic into an attic does not require the dismantling of all existing structures. But you need to make sure that the ceiling is reliable: check its condition, reinforce it with wooden or metal beams, sheathe it with a new board. Then it will be able to withstand the weight of furniture and people.

For frequent climbing to the attic, you will need to make a comfortable staircase, provide for the installation of ventilation, natural and artificial lighting, and perform interior decoration - all this will create a cozy and comfortable room.

The sloping roof superstructure, decorated in light colors, visually enlarges the space, while splashes of color add brightness to the interior.

When building an attic floor, the following conditions must be met:

rafters are made of glued timber with a thickness of at least 250 mm so that the required amount of insulation can be laid;
foamed polystyrene is used for insulation due to its low weight and high thermal insulation characteristics;
a gap is left between the thermal insulation and the roofing material to provide natural ventilation;
a hydro- and sound-proof layer must be laid.

Alteration of the roof under the attic do it yourself

During the construction of a house, there is usually not enough money, so many refuse to build a second floor. Or another situation may arise when an old one-story house of a small area is purchased along with the site. In both cases, there is an affordable option for increasing the place to live - do-it-yourself restructuring of the attic space into an attic.

Create a project

Before starting work, you need to draw up a plan and develop a project with accurate drawings. The correct calculation will allow you to get a cozy, durable and reliable room. You can perform all the calculations yourself or entrust it to specialists.

You can draw a plan and develop a draft design yourself by studying various options on the Internet

Strengthening the walls and foundation may be necessary in the event of a complete replacement of the rafters. If the roof is partially redone, then reinforcement may be needed only for overlapping. You also need to immediately decide what types of windows will be used in the attic: the reinforcement in the truss system will depend on this.

The location of all windows in the attic roof must be thought out in advance and this data entered into the project plan

truss system

Rafters can be layered or hanging. The former rest on the inner walls of the house or additional supports, and the latter on the outer walls.

In the attic, layered and hanging rafters are used.

Hanging rafters are best suited for the attic.

An attic with hanging rafters looks prettier and wins in the size of the internal area

The attic usually occupies the entire space of the attic, and its walls are combined with the outer ones.

The best option for creating an attic is a layered truss system.

The image of the individual elements of the truss system helps to understand the structure of the entire structure

Refurbishment of the premises

With a sufficient height of the attic, the truss system does not need to be redone. It is enough to inspect the old rafters, identify possible flaws and eliminate them.

If the truss system is in good condition, you can proceed to the arrangement of the floor. Insulation is first laid between the lags, after which the surface is sheathed with ordinary boards or sheets of OSB, chipboard.

The floor in the attic is insulated and covered with boards

Before laying the insulation, all necessary communications are mounted between the rafters, places are cut in the roof for installing windows. carried out before warming.

All wires and pipes of communications must be placed in special corrugations

Care must be taken to create natural ventilation of the under-roof space through the vents so that moisture does not accumulate inside the room.

Roof insulation

A thick layer of heat insulator is tightly laid and fixed between the rafters so that there are no gaps or gaps anywhere. On the upper part of the roof - between the roof and the insulation - waterproofing is mounted, then heat-insulating material is laid from the side of the room. Then from the inside the insulation is covered with a vapor barrier film.

For better ventilation, a small distance is left between the roofing material and the insulation: this is how air circulates through the holes in the cornice and ridge. If the roof is covered with corrugated sheets, then the thickness of the gap should be 25 mm, if with flat material, then it should be increased to 50 mm.

When creating attic thermal insulation, it is necessary to strictly observe the sequence of layers

The staircase to the attic can be of different types and designs, which allows it to fit into any interior.

An opening is cut in the ceiling of the first floor, which is reinforced along the perimeter with metal or wooden strapping.

The design of the stairs to the attic must be durable, reliable, safe and beautiful.

Interior decoration

For wall cladding, in most cases, gypsum boards are used, the seams between them are plastered. Wallpaper is glued on top or decorative plaster is applied. An alternative option is lining or natural wood.

If some rafters protrude through the walls into the attic, then they can be designed as decorative elements and even used as a horizontal bar for hanging a hammock, swing, chandelier and other fixtures.

The design of the visible parts of the rafters in the interior of the attic is an interesting and creative business.

It is not recommended to use heavy finishing materials in the attic, as they increase the load on the walls, ceiling and foundation of the building.

There are many options for interior decoration of the attic, but it is advisable to use only light materials.

To cover the floor, you can use a laminate or linoleum, and it is better to refuse tiles or porcelain stoneware.

Roof of the attic floor

The roof of a residential superstructure should consist of the following layers (in order - from the street to the interior):

Video: why and how to properly lay layers on the roof of the attic

Mansard roof calculations for a house

Determination of the total weight of the roof

To calculate the total weight of roofing materials, it is necessary to multiply the specific gravity of one square meter of coverage by the total area of the attic roof. To obtain the weight of one square meter, it is necessary to add up the specific gravity of all the materials that make up the roofing cake, and multiply it by the safety factor (1.1).

If the thickness of the crate is 25 mm, then its specific gravity is 15 kg / m 2, a 10 cm thick insulation has a specific gravity of 10 kg / m 2, and ondulin roofing material has a weight of 3 kg / m 2. It turns out: (15 + 10 + 3) x1.1 \u003d 30.8 kg / m 2.

According to existing standards, the load on the ceiling in a residential building should not exceed 50 kg / m 2.

Roof area determination

To calculate the surface of a sloping roof, you need to break it into simple shapes (square, rectangle, trapezium, etc.) and determine their area, and then add everything up. To determine the surface of a gable roof, it is necessary to multiply the length by the width, multiply the resulting value by two.

Table: determination of the attic roof area

When calculating the angle of inclination, the climatic zone in which the house is located is taken into account, and that it is convenient to move in the attic in full growth

It is also necessary to calculate the slope of the roof. Usually the angle is 45–60 degrees, but when determining it, one must take into account the climatic zone in which the house is located, the type of attic construction, snow, wind loads, and the architectural design of the house.

The greater the angle of inclination of the roof, the less will be the load on the truss system, but the consumption of materials will increase.

Calculation of the truss system

When choosing a truss system, you can stop at the following options:

hanging rafters;
oblique type;
skating run;
combined design.

If the length of the roof is more than 4.5 m, then support runs and struts can be used for reinforcement. With a length of more than 7 meters, a ridge beam is installed.

For wooden rafters, a bar with a thickness of at least 70 mm is used. The step of their installation should be 50 cm.

If the attic area is large, then it is better to install metal rafters

Calculation of the required amount of materials

To carry out the calculation, you need to know the following parameters:

width, thickness and pitch of the rafters;
distance from the edge of the roof to the rafters;
the size of the boards for the crate and the step between them;
size, type of roofing material and overlap between its sheets;
type of steam, hydro and thermal insulation material.

The roof is divided into simple shapes and the required amount of each of the materials is determined. For this, simple mathematical formulas are used.

The results obtained are converted into standard values: for wood - in cubic meters, for roofing materials, steam, hydro and thermal insulation - in square meters. And you can go to the store.

Common Mistakes

Most often, with self-calculation, errors are obtained during the determination of the required amount of insulation. If the climatic conditions are severe, then its volume will have to be increased, otherwise it will not be possible to create comfortable living conditions in the attic. The insulation is laid on the floor of the house, the walls of the gable and the slopes of the roof. But everywhere the thickness of the insulation can be different.

Video: calculation of a mansard roof with diagrams and loads

The attic floor allows you to get additional living space and gives the private house a modern attractive appearance. It is not difficult to create an attic with your own hands, you just need to draw up a project correctly, perform calculations and carry out high-quality installation of all materials. And the result will please the owners for a long time.

If you have a country house, then you have probably thought about it more than once. This is a great alternative to building a second floor. Do-it-yourself attic will significantly expand the living space, increase the number of rooms, change appearance at home. You can use it, a place to hang out with friends ... How to build an attic and make these dreams come true - read this article.

Attic or attic floor - a room built under the roof of the house. This concept was introduced by the French architect Francois Mansart, who in the 17th century came up with the purpose of the attic. And today, attics are actively used to expand the living space, increase the comfort of the house.

Do-it-yourself attic construction: stages

In order for the attic floor to become functional, it must be built or converted. Attic construction - complex technological process, requiring accurate calculations, this is not for everyone. The construction of the attic consists of the following stages:

dismantling of the old roofing system;
strengthening of wall structures;
warming and waterproofing of the room;
construction of end walls;

What you need to know before you make an attic with your own hands

Exist general rules. The attic device is preferably planned at the design stage of the house. This will make it possible to correctly calculate its load-bearing structures and properly organize the construction site. If a house with an attic is built according to a finished drawing, it provides for the use of additional fortifications.

The scheme of the roof of the attic floor, building a house from a bar

But also on finished house an attic-type superstructure can be built. In which case it is possible to complete the attic floor?

If it is planned to build this room in a finished house, several factors must be taken into account. important factors. The construction of an attic requires not only compliance with a certain technology for performing work, but also an assessment of the condition of the house before construction. It is necessary to carry out a calculation that will show whether the house will withstand the extension of the floor. The foundation and walls of the building are being checked.

If this is an old house, then the walls of the structure are dilapidated, they will not withstand the weight of the attic floor. old foundation during the construction of an attic structure, it can crack and “float”.

The construction of the attic floor with your own hands is also not recommended on buildings built of brick and foam blocks. The reason is that these are very fragile materials from which load-bearing walls cannot be laid.

Superstructure of the attic floor, photo

Important: At the design stage, it is necessary to provide for the remoteness of all communications from the attic floor. Also at this stage, its elements, appearance so that it blends in with the home.

The construction project should include and. The extension must be well insulated so that it retains heat, and the structure itself can breathe.

How to make an attic with your own hands

The device of the attic floor requires the use of the following materials:

wall panels for sheathing the ends of the building;
beams for the construction of a mansard roof;
wooden beams;
roofing material for the roof;
insulation for walls and;
insulating materials;

Please note: Materials for construction should be light so as not to weigh down the overlap between floors.

Design

The construction of a wooden attic begins with the development of a project. At the design stage, a calculation is made, the choice of the roof structure.

Roof structure

The built room may be occupying space above the entire house, or only above part of it. It depends on the type of roof.

The most simple design- single-sided. It is a plane fixed on load-bearing walls different heights, and tilted to one side.

We build an attic with our own hands - a shed construction

The most common is gable roof, which consists of two inclined planes, not directed in opposite directions.

Cozy country house with a gable roof

Meets and broken structure attic. It is used in big houses and consists of two or more parts that form a broken line.

A sloping roof is used to increase the attic space, or for decorative purposes.

Found in construction country houses and hipped roof.

The roof, which has four slopes, makes attic structure comfortable for living

To give the house an original shape, complex conical, domed and pyramidal roofs are built.

Attic with a domed structure

Advice: When choosing a roof structure during construction, it is imperative to take into account its load on the foundation. It is also important to observe a single style of roofing of the attic floor and the house so that it meets the design and operational requirements.

Mansard roof can be of any shape. It is mounted on a special frame, built taking into account the desired parameters of the future room.

As a rule, the roof is laid on a frame with a slope angle of 30-60˚ and combines the actual roof, ceiling and walls.

The best option is considered to be a double broken roof which provides more living space. For its construction, they are used, which are mounted on the walls of the building. They must be strong enough to withstand vertical and horizontal loads.

On a note: It may be necessary to build additional internal walls, which will be used as load-bearing structures that provide roof support.

Building an attic general design structures

The rafter system is the roof frame. In the future, a crate is attached to it and mounted top coat. The building frame is processed by special means for protection against fire, moisture.

If the installation of the attic was not originally included in the project of the house, it follows, as well as heat and sound insulation of the room.

To keep the heat in the house, tiles, slate, plastic coatings should be used as roofing material.

Important: Work on the construction of the attic floor requires high professionalism and deep knowledge of construction technology. Do-it-yourself construction of a mansard roof, without experience in performing this kind of work, can have undesirable consequences.

Glazing

The phased construction of the roof also provides for the installation of windows on the attic floor. They are vertical and pitched. The angle of their inclination should coincide with the slope of the roof. Windows are located at a height of 70 cm, 1 m from the floor.

The installation of pitched windows allows more light to enter the room on the top floor, in addition, at night they offer a beautiful view of the starry sky

The choice of windows for the built attic depends entirely on the preferences of the owner of the house, but we should not forget that they must be of high quality.

Attic window installation

When the room is built and windows are installed, the attic floor is connected to the rest of the living space with the help of stairs and.

About how to properly and efficiently organize the construction of the attic with your own hands - video:

Attic construction - options

Per short time can be erected frame attic with your own hands.

It can be built simultaneously with the construction of a house made of wood or timber.

Do-it-yourself wooden frame attic, photo

This is an ideal option for a quick and inexpensive expansion of living space by completing the attic floor.

The attic of a log looks beautiful and colorful

Also, an additional floor can be built on the finished foundation of a brick house.

Wooden structure on the basis of a house made of bricks and aerated concrete

In large houses with a strong base, the frame of the structure can be made of metal.

Metal frame attic floor

An example of how to equip from an old attic cozy attic DIY - video:

Outcome

The attic floor in many houses has long ceased to be empty - they began to use it. To complete the attic in the house, or in the country with your own hands, will provide an opportunity to get a full-fledged second floor, which can be used at your discretion.