Before you begin building an extension of a living room to an individual residential building, you must obtain permission from the department of architecture and urban planning of your city.
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To do this, you will need to provide documents for the land plot (lease agreement or certificate of ownership, cadastral passport), documents for the house (certificate of ownership, technical passport), construction and architectural projects(in principle, there can be only one project, but it must contain sections that affect the construction and architectural part of the extension being built) and, of course, write a corresponding application for permission.
Foundation for extension
After receiving permission, we begin construction. Construction, of course, needs to begin with the construction of a foundation. To do this, along the perimeter of the future extension, we dig a ditch at least half a meter deep; the width of the ditch should be approximately the same.
We fill the bottom of the ditch with sand and gravel. This is necessary in order to increase the density of the connection between the foundation and the soil, as well as to reduce the risk of foundation subsidence.
Then we begin to pour the foundation. The solution for the future foundation is prepared based on climatic conditions your region, the characteristics of the soil, the size of the future room and the weight load it places on the foundation (all this should be reflected in the project). In addition, the foundation must be below the freezing level of the soil.
If the foundation is higher than this level, then the moisture accumulated in the soil will swell and expand when freezing, and thereby cause additional uneven loads on it. Such an impact on the foundation will lead to its deformation, as a result of which cracks of various sizes may appear on it and the walls of the future room.
After the foundation is poured, it should be watered abundantly. You need to start watering eight to ten hours after finishing work on its construction. This is necessary to avoid the appearance of cracks on it and its uneven drying. This procedure must be performed for three to four days in a row.
In order not to constantly run with a hose, the foundation can be evenly covered with wet sawdust. The foundation will dry completely after three to four weeks. But this does not mean that you can immediately start building walls. Let it sit for a year. During this time, the foundation will completely subside and “find” its place.
When pouring a foundation, it is better to give preference to the type of its construction that will be similar to the construction of the foundation under the main house. If the foundation under the main house protrudes beyond its boundaries from the outside, then the new foundation can be “linked” to it to add strength and avoid additional subsidence.
Walling
The walls of the room can be built from brick, cinder block, or from rounded logs, or other suitable building material. A block extension to the house is also a viable option, although not the best. Here everything will depend on your preferences and financial capabilities.
But it’s better, from an aesthetic point of view, that the material of the walls of the new extension should be similar to the material of the walls of the main house or be combined with it (unless, of course, you are going to carry out the external decoration of the walls of the entire house with modern finishing materials). An example would be a frame extension to wooden house, it’s easy to do and looks aesthetically pleasing.
The height of the walls (ceiling) of the new extension should be slightly lower than the height of the main building. It should be lower exactly as much as is required for arranging the roof.
When building the walls of a new room, you need to decide on their “connection” with the wall of the main house. IN in this case Experts do not recommend using a rigid connection. Since the weight and “age” of the main structure exceeds those of the new extension, which in turn affects their uneven subsidence. A rigid connection in this case will lead to the appearance of cracks. And not only at the junction. It is best to use an “elastic layer” in such cases.
The “elastic layer” is installed as follows. The wall of the extension should not be adjacent to the wall of the main building. Between them you need to leave a small distance of two to three centimeters. The remaining space is filled with a special sealant (Vilaterm or polyurethane foam) for expansion joints and gaps.
Making a roof
It was already mentioned above that the height of the extension should be slightly lower than the main house. So, when installing the roof of a new room, you need to ensure that the roof goes under eaves overhang at home, forming smooth transition. The connection between the two roofs should be such as to prevent as much as possible the entry of precipitation into the extension in the form of snow, rain or other moisture.
It is best to make a transition from a galvanized iron corner at the junction of the roofs. We place one part of such a corner thirty to forty centimeters under the roof of the main building and leave the same amount on the roof of the new extension. The resulting space between the roof and the edge metal corner carefully seal.
Beams for the roof of a new room can be made, for example, from wooden beams. We lay the beams themselves on pre-prepared grooves in the wall. To cover the roof of the extension, we choose a similar material for the roof of the main building. We definitely insulate the ceiling. Expanded clay or mineral wool or a similar material can be used as insulation. The ceiling itself can be either wooden or reinforced concrete slab. The same goes for gender.
By the way, to level the floor, it is best to resort to a dry screed. In terms of its qualities, such a screed is no different from others. In addition, she demands less costs both labor and financial.
The interior decoration of the new room will depend on its purpose and your design abilities. But before that, do not forget to first conduct new room all necessary engineering support networks, for example, electricity and heat supply.
And in the end, I would like to say that all construction work on the construction of an extension to a residential building must be carried out in strict accordance with the project submitted to the department of architecture and urban planning.
Any deviation from the project will entail certain legal consequences, up to the impossibility of legitimizing the house as a whole. If at the stage of construction of the extension you deviate from the project for some reason, then it is better to immediately inform the department of architecture and urban planning, get their approval and make appropriate changes to the project.
After the addition of a new living room has been erected and accepted by the commission for commissioning buildings and structures, you can safely go to the registration chamber and make appropriate changes to the title documents for the house.
Extension to the house – great solution to expand the free space in any type of home. It is important that all construction work can be completed independently.
Of course, this will require certain construction skills and knowledge of work technologies, but there is nothing particularly difficult about it. The help of specialists may be required at the design stage of the structure, as well as when connecting communications inside the structure. In addition, certain problems often arise when legitimizing an extension with regulatory authorities.
The attachment can perform a variety of functions.
Most often, an extension is built to form an additional room, summer kitchen, garage, veranda, terrace, canopy, porch. There are a huge number of options - everything will depend on personal requirements and wishes. Of course, building something will be very difficult from a technological point of view, but often all construction is done with one’s own hands.
The main thing here is to correctly construct the foundation, walls, roof, insulate and isolate the room from moisture, and also correctly attach the new foundation to the old one.
Types of extensions for country houses
Before starting any construction work, it is necessary to clearly determine the type of structure, because making an extension to the house is possible only if you have a clear plan and project. There are several of the most common types of extensions in our country:
Canopy
This is the simplest and most cost-effective extension for country house. The main functional task of such a design is to protect people and things located under the canopy from sun rays, rain and other precipitation. It will be good to relax under such a canopy warm time years and have lunch, or you can park the car.
Carport.
An important advantage of installing a canopy is that the construction of a foundation is not required, because the foundation will be support pillars(made of metal, wood, concrete). The canopy frame is attached to these supports.
Summer room
To form a summer room, more capital construction will be required than in the case of a canopy. Such rooms are intended for relaxation in the warm season, gatherings, reading books, etc. Naturally, a foundation will be required.
It is recommended to use a columnar or strip base, depending on the type of building material and the dimensions of the room. Boards are usually used to create walls, foam concrete blocks, frame panels. For better lighting walls and roof, wholly or partially, can be made of glass.
Summer room.
Such an extension usually has a lean-to or gable roof. It is recommended to use the lightest roofing material. Installation of thermal insulation materials, as a rule, is not carried out, because such premises are not used during the cold season.
Living room
Before adding a room to the house, it is necessary to complete all the required calculations and draw up a project. In this case, a thorough approach will be required, involving the construction of a foundation, capital construction of walls and roofs, installation of waterproofing and thermal insulation materials, and supply of all necessary communications.
Warm living room.
Special attention is given to the insulation of the premises, so that one could live here in winter time without spending a lot of energy on heating.
Kitchen
As a rule, extensions are not intended to accommodate a kitchen. Such a structure must be capital, so it needs to be insulated as efficiently as possible.
Kitchen made of wood.
Such an extension can only be built correctly using a high-quality project created by professionals, because the kitchen needs all communications: sewerage, water supply, electricity, gas, ventilation system. This, of course, leads to serious financial costs, for which not everyone is ready.
Garage
Using an extension to create a garage is a very common trend in recent years. The garage will require the construction of a strip or monolithic foundation, and for the construction of walls, foam concrete blocks or bricks are usually used.
Two garages.
The roof, in most cases, is made of profiled sheets or metal tiles, slate or roofing felt. Mandatory communications for the garage - ventilation system and heating.
Connection of an extension with a country house
Many people spend a long time choosing where to add a new room to their home, so that it would be easier to connect it with the main building. Here you have to choose from two options:
- Independent building. In the event that difficult ground conditions are observed in the area (for example, heaving soils or high level groundwater), then it is recommended to build an independent structure that will not be connected in any way to the main house. In this case, the extension and the main structure have no points of contact, so they do not depend on each other. At the same time, between two buildings a minimum of possible distance, which is a technological gap that must be filled with thermal insulation and waterproofing materials.
- Implementation of an extension to the structure of an old building. Such a solution involves a certain amount of labor, because construction will require compliance with all necessary technologies and carrying out many calculations and studies. First of all, you will need to properly build and insulate the foundation, which must be correctly connected to the base of the country house. This is usually done using reinforced rods. Using approximately the same technology, the walls and roof of structures are connected.
Features of roof construction for an extension to a house
The roof of an extension to a house can have any shape - here again everything will depend on the requirements and wishes of the owners. At the same time, most often country homeowners choose pitched roof, because it is simple to implement, easy to insulate yourself, it fits well with other types of roofs that the main structure may have, and also removes precipitation well, preventing the entire structure from experiencing additional loads.
To ensure that rainfall from the roof of the extension drains normally, the design of the roof involves installing a roof slope of 20 degrees or more.
In addition, special attention must be paid to installing the roof of the extension under the roof of a country house. If everything is done correctly, the wall located between the extension and the country house will be protected from water entering through the joint between the two structures. In addition, the roof of the extension must be extremely harmoniously combined with the roofing material of the main building and fit harmoniously into the exterior of the building, without standing out from the general background.
During the design process, it is very important to correctly calculate the load that the roof structure will provide. You should take into account the weight of rafters, roofing material and other structural elements, used in roof construction.
It is important to understand that an extension to a house on screw piles or pillars is not designed for too heavy loads, unlike a monolithic or strip one concrete foundation. You also need to insulate the roof (you can insulate it using any suitable thermal insulation materials, which it is recommended to cover the top with waterproofing).
How to legalize construction?
Building an extension to an old or new country house is half the battle. Any additional premises erected on plot of land, it is necessary to document and obtain permission to carry out construction work from regulatory authorities.
An extension to the house can be done with your own hands; no one will force you to invite builders, but the homeowner must submit a well-drawn design of the structure to the employees of the regulatory services.
The procedure for completing all the documentation for an extension to an old country house usually takes from several months to a year.
An interesting point is that you can start collecting documents and obtaining a building permit after all the work is completed. This is permitted by current law.
At the same time, when reviewing documents, employees of the regulatory body may have some complaints that will have to be corrected (for example, the location of the building relative to underground communications or use of unsuitable building materials).
Let's consider buildings to the house and not extensions
A pergola is the simplest structure and an excellent place to relax.
A barbecue is a great place for entertaining guests and celebrating.
If you wish, you can build a veranda for your dacha yourself without the involvement of professional builders. To do this, you need to familiarize yourself with the basic principles of construction of structures and prepare necessary materials. Some owners country houses create a veranda not only for relaxation, but also to increase thermal insulation.
Planning
To build a secure veranda, you need to think about several important factors:
- the amount of money you are willing to spend,
- will the veranda be summer or winter,
- what design of the extension is suitable for a particular house,
- What is the best material to build a veranda from?
Even if you have decided exactly what you want to see as a result and have drawn up a plan, it is better to coordinate it with a professional designer who can point out mistakes made. It’s also worth thinking about which side of the house is best to attach extra room and whether it will pass or not.
Features of wooden extensions
After looking at the photo summer verandas in the country, many owners of country houses choose wood, since it is a traditional material and has a lower cost. To evaluate this material, it is worth considering its advantages and disadvantages. Advantages of a wooden veranda:
- Ease of installation. When constructing a wooden extension, even a non-professional builder can handle the work.
- Light weight. Wooden extension does not require the construction of a solid foundation, therefore the cost of materials is significantly reduced.
- Suitable appearance for many country houses. Most often, cottages are built from wood, and if you create an extension, then the best suitable option building made of the same material.
- Environmental friendliness and safety. Wood is one of the most harmless materials to health.
But in addition to the listed advantages, the material also has disadvantages. One of them is fire hazard. If the owner of the house is going to build a barbecue, then for this it is necessary to take into account many little things and spend additional funds.
Important ! All wooden elements need processing special compounds and constant care during operation. Otherwise, the extension begins to slowly collapse.
The material becomes unusable due to the influence of:
- weather conditions,
- fungi,
- insects,
- microorganisms.
Features of brick extensions
One of the significant advantages of a brick veranda is that this material allows you to retain cool air in the summer, which allows the owners of the house to enjoy relaxation even on the hottest days. Also, the extension does not require constant maintenance. After completing the finishing work, you can forget about working with this material for a long time.
If you thoroughly insulate this part of the house, then brick walls can save comfortable temperature indoors even on the coldest days. But it is worth remembering that for a winter veranda it is necessary to install double glazing.
If we talk about the disadvantages that a brick structure has, then it is worth mentioning the large weight of the structure. Because of this, it is necessary to build a solid and heavy foundation, which requires considerable investment.
Construction of an extension made of polycarbonate
Polycarbonate is not used as often as brick and wood, but is a material that allows you to create an inexpensive and lightweight extension to a country house. It has the following advantages:
- transparency,
- good thermal insulation,
- plastic,
- attractive appearance.
Thanks to these characteristics, such material is suitable even for a winter veranda, which will serve winter garden. But polycarbonate also has disadvantages. One of the main disadvantages is the rapid heating of the material, due to which in hot summer days Without good ventilation it is very difficult to be on the veranda.
Foundation
When building a veranda at the dacha, a photo of which can be seen below, it is used strip foundation. But when choosing a base for an extension, it is necessary to take into account the features of the future building and choose the most suitable option. When constructing a wooden veranda, for example, you can build columnar foundation.
The choice depends on:
- the material from which the veranda will be made;
- type of foundation of the main building;
- soil slope;
- type of soil.
Many people are interested in the question - is it necessary to tie the base of the veranda to the foundation of the house? It depends on what kind of soil the building is located on. After looking at the photo country houses with an attic and a veranda, you will notice that the extension can be built either together with the main structure or separately.
Most often, a columnar foundation is constructed, so it is worth considering in more detail. This option is suitable for building wooden verandas, the weight of which does not require a heavy base. To create a foundation, it is necessary to use brick or reinforced concrete pillars, which are placed on sand cushion. They are placed on top of them wooden joists, and then the floor is laid. IN winter verandas it is insulated.
When building such an extension from wood, you need to remember that this material needs a special coating that will protect it from moisture and other adverse factors.
Veranda walls
When constructing a wooden structure, it is worth paying attention to the construction of the walls. Usually a wooden frame is created from timber, which, if desired, can be sheathed and insulated so that the veranda can be used in winter. All racks and other elements made of wood require treatment with special protective compounds. To attach them to the wall of the main building, you need to use anchor bolts. After installing the racks, they are fastened with the top trim.
Important ! When attaching the rafters, their upper ends must be brought under the roof of the house and connected to a horizontal beam passing under the slope.
The choice of a certain type of wall depends only on the preferences of the home owner. If construction is planned summer version verandas, then you don’t have to build them at all, building only railings. In the case when you want to get a room that is comfortable even in winter, you should make good insulation or replace the walls with large double glazed windows, so guests can admire the beautiful winter landscape.
Roof construction
The roof of the veranda is made flat and to cover it it is best to use the same material that was used in the construction of the house. The flooring can be created continuous or with intervals. It depends on the type of veranda. If it is winter, then the boards are placed closely, and if not, at intervals. But it is worth remembering that this also depends on the type of material used. An example is roofing felt, which is best nailed to tightly fitting boards.
Before using any coating, you should first understand the features of its fastening. If, for example, a flexible covering is used, then it should be folded along the lower edge of the sheathing by about 10 cm. When slate is used, when laying it, you must follow correct sequence preventing moisture penetration.
Arrangement of the veranda
After the structure is completely ready, you need to start decorating it. It is at this moment that many country house owners cannot decide what exactly they want. To get an idea of what design will be better, you should look at the photo, which shows how to arrange a veranda in the country.
The most popular options:
- with glass roof,
- use in registration natural stone and wood,
- design in light colors,
- arrangement of a place for reading.
The first option is suitable for small rooms, as it helps to visually expand the space and add light. When arranging such a veranda, the most different furniture, since it all depends on the material from which the frame is made. If, for example, it is metal, then the extension can be decorated in a “minimalism” style.
The use of natural stone in combination with wood allows you to create the impression of harmony between the structure and the nature surrounding the house. Moreover, this combination allows you to visually make any structure durable and massive. One of good options is to place a fireplace or barbecue on the veranda.
Another way to decorate an extension is to decorate it in light colors. This allows all visitors to the room to lift their spirits and visually expand the space. This design allows you to create classic design and give it a unique touch. After looking at the photo of this option for arranging a veranda at the dacha, you can choose the most suitable example.
Modern construction is experiencing a rebirth of frame technologies. From wooden beam, edged boards and panel panels, houses and cottages are built that are not inferior in comfort and durability to buildings made of classic materials. The idea of adding an extension to a house from a frame is attractive because to build a room attached to the house, you don’t need to bother with concrete and masonry blocks, you don’t need modern construction equipment, and most importantly, you can make most of the frame extension to a wooden house with your own hands, sometimes without even using the services of assistants.
How to build a frame extension
Technology frame construction assumes for the manufacture of a load-bearing frame of an extension edged timber and boards. The methods for constructing individual parts, walls and roofs of a frame extension to a house are practically no different from the construction of conventional wooden frames for a barn gazebo or even a wooden house.
A frame extension to the house can be built in several options:
- A classic frame made of boards, slats and timber, reinforced with spacers and struts made of boards with insulation based on mineral wool or expanded polystyrene;
- A combined version of a power frame made of timber and SIP panels. The vast majority of construction companies build extensions from a frame using only panels and timber;
- Frame base made of timber, insulated basalt wool and lined with siding. In this case, the skeleton of the walls and roof is made according to a reinforced design, and the finishing of the facade is selected to match the color and texture of the walls of the main building.
For your information! The use of a wooden frame and siding allows you to design the extension and the house into one whole. It is quite difficult to visually distinguish which part of the building is permanent and which is made in the form of an extension from a frame.
On the other hand, the use of siding sharply increases the load on the extension frame; you have to use more expensive lumber, buy loops or lining for interior decoration walls, pour a more massive foundation.
Construction based on a frame and siding is justified for rooms measuring no more than 3x5 m. Larger boxes are more economically advantageous to build from foam blocks, and the frame for small extensions is usually assembled from 70x90 mm timber and edged boards.
The main question of building an extension
The construction of any extension based on a wooden frame begins with the selection of a place for installing the attached premises and a rough marking of the future foundation is carried out. Correct selection The foundation design guarantees the durability of the structure; simply copying the foundation structure, like the frame of a barn or a wooden gazebo, most often ends in the breaking of the load-bearing posts and even the overturning of the extension.
On what basis to install the extension frame
Before attaching a frame extension to the house, it is necessary to remove the turf and at least approximately determine the nature of the soil. The more clay, the stiffer and heavier the foundation of the extension frame should be.
Wooden buildings with a supporting frame are installed on following types foundation:
- Pile-grillage;
- Columnar;
- Tape shallow.
The most suitable foundation option is determined by the degree of soil heaving in winter and the rigidity of the walls of the house. For a frame extension to a wooden house small size you can use a columnar foundation.
Ideally, the wooden frame of a small extension is installed on the same foundation as the house, this avoids problems with shrinkage and temperature fluctuations. The light weight of the extension has virtually no effect on wooden walls main house.
It’s another matter if the room attached to the house has two floors, and the dimensions of the frame are only slightly smaller frame base the house itself. In this case, the extension is installed on a strip foundation made of brick or concrete, since the timber frame, even reinforced with struts, is not rigid enough.
Pile supports for the extension frame
Strip foundation goes well with wooden frame extensions on relatively stable sandy and rocky soils; if it is necessary to install an extension on clay or water-logged soils, then the only option for the foundation will be a pile-grillage foundation.
Thanks to the use of piles, two serious problems can be solved:
- Avoid deformation of the frame, destruction of floor beams and strapping of racks due to soil heaving;
- Reduce flow and absorption of ground moisture wooden structures frame. The strip foundation has always been considered the “wet” and coldest.
Usage screw piles allows you to assemble an extension of any size, to almost any house, be it a brick, block or wooden structure. In this case, the frame extension to a wooden house turns out to be balanced with respect to horizontal loads, that is, when strong wind or soil pressure, the rigidity of the foundation is sufficient so as not to load the main building.
Piles can be screwed or poured in close proximity to the foundation of the building, since there are no deep trenches, and the supports are “softly” screwed into the ground, the risk of damaging the foundation of the house is minimized.
For small rooms, the frame structure can be installed on cheaper asbestos-cement pipes in order to reliably tie the skeleton of future walls and floors to the supports, wire or anchor bolts are embedded in the pipe heads.
Strip foundation of the extension
Construction scheme strip base for a room attached to a house is practically no different from a standard MZL foundation. The only difference is that the width of the tape is made quite thin, no more than the width of the strapping beam. It makes no sense to make it wider, since the concrete strip has a safety margin an order of magnitude greater than what is required to hold the extension frame. The foundation for a frame extension to a house is built with your own hands, photo, in two full working days
The foundation base must be covered with rolled waterproofing and covered with a strapping beam, to which vertical posts, struts or SIP panels will be attached.
Next comes the process of filling the subfloor with boards, insulation and waterproofing of the attached room is carried out at the final stage, and in the meantime, a panel of boards is laid for the convenience of assembling the frame of the extension. After assembling the frame structure, logs will be laid on the strapping beam and then a decision will be made on how to cover the floor with boards or OSB boards.
We build the walls and roof of a frame room
The bottom frame beam is sewn to the pile or strip foundation using anchor bolts. First, the insertion is carried out at the corners of the extension and only after marking the installation points vertical racks are looking for free space for anchors.
External walls of the extension frame
The extension frame can be assembled in two ways. The first option involves the formation external walls using a series of vertical posts made of timber, interconnected by jumpers of their boards and scraps. The heads of the racks are necessarily connected by the upper beam of the strapping, which in the future will serve as the basis for the formation ceiling and the roofs of the extension. All elements of jumpers between racks, joints and mutual insertion wooden elements the frame must be reinforced with mounting metal plates.
The frame cells are filled with mineral wool mats, or covered with sheet EPS, after which a lath is filled to remove condensation and a film vapor barrier is laid. The internal and external surfaces of the frame walls are sheathed with OSB or clapboard.
Particular attention must be paid to the corner posts of the frame and the equestrian openings. Most often, intense freezing of condensate occurs along the corner line of the seam in winter due to the presence of a cold bridge. To internal corners the rooms were not damp; the frame was supplemented with a simple casing of two boards, stuffed onto slats.
The second option for forming a frame is used for the construction of extensions large sizes. Instead of forming the outer frame in the traditional cellular way, only the corner posts are built, the upper and lower frame beams are laid, and the walls of the extension are assembled from ready-made SIP panels. Next, the beams are sewn interfloor covering and ceiling. As a result, the main load is carried by several massive racks made of 150x200mm timber, while the walls and ceilings remain as if suspended.
Important! Regardless of the method of assembling the frame between the walls of the building and the attached premises, a expansion joint, which is filled with insulation and rubbed with silicone.
The joints and seams between the SIP panels are glued with acrylic paste, after which you can proceed to the construction of the roof frame.
Assembling the rafter system
To collect rafter frame The roof takes approximately half of the working time planned for the construction of the extension. The simplest option involves making gable roof coaxial with the roof of the main building. To make it easier to connect the two rafter systems the height of the extension is chosen 60-70cm lower than vertical size Houses. In this case, the roof simply rests against the gable of the house.
If an additional room was added to the side wall of the house, then the main axes of the rafter systems form parallel lines. To prevent a dead zone from forming between the slopes, the attached room is used pitched roof articulated by rafters with load-bearing elements at home, as in the diagram.
Most difficult option The joining of the frames of two rafter systems is shown in the photo.
Such joining options present a certain complexity even for experienced carpenters, so such roofs are usually ordered turnkey construction companies. The main problem is ensuring tightness roofing covering in the area where the ridge beam enters the rafter frame of the house. The wooden skeleton of the attached room will shrink over the course of six months, as a result of which the junction area collapses and opens up even when reinforced with metal aprons.
Conclusion
Frame technology for arranging an attached room allows you to build a box quickly enough and without unexpected costs for repairing the foundation or correcting the masonry. Today frame houses and extensions are considered the most promising construction option, so many companies and organizations have begun producing ready-made attached premises with the possibility of pre-ordering and manufacturing up to 70% necessary components. Such a set will only need to be delivered to the site and assembled like a children's construction set.
To enlarge usable area At home, due to such an addition as a frame extension (or several extensions), you can use two options: frame-panel construction or frame-frame assembly. The difference between them is clearly visible in various photos, describing the technology of installation and construction of extensions.
In the first case ready-made panels with door and window openings assembled on site in single design. You first need to coordinate the designs with the manufacturer, make the foundation exactly to size, and then make the roof. Log house Such an addition will not add beauty, but it is quite suitable for stone or brick.
The second option is often chosen for a veranda or small extensions to the house, planning to do most of the work with your own hands. Frame extensions of this type leave the owner complete freedom in choosing sizes, materials, timing, etc.
It is easier to attach a frame box to the main house, brick or log, and it is easier to adjust its dimensions so that the structure sits exactly on the foundation. The ability to do the necessary projects yourself and then build a small frame house economical and DIY gives the idea an extra edge.
Step-by-step instructions help you take everything into account important points future construction and distribute the work into stages, as well as monitor the correctness of the work - preparatory, construction and finishing.
Tools and materials
- Electric: electric saw, electric drill, grinder, electric screwdriver.
- Other tools: shovel, axe, hammer, sledgehammer, building level.
Prepare the necessary materials, check their quantity and purchase what you need:
- Wood: cut boards (for stuffing the sheathing), slats (for the roof structure on the surface of the roof slope), wood panels (you can buy ready-made or make it yourself), wooden wedges.
- Foundation: gravel (crushed stone), broken brick, concrete mixture, hot bitumen.
- Other: steel angle, nails, screws, cord, dry tow (jute), gypsum mortar.
Plan your site
Prepare for construction work the site chosen for the extension. Take enough time to make quality measurements and calculations, draw up projects for each stage of work (foundation, frame structure of the extension, roof) or one general one, and also mark out the ground. Take a photo as a souvenir of the house without the extension and get to work.
Build the foundation
To build a strip foundation with your own hands, dig a trench of the planned depth and width according to the marked marks. Fill and evenly distribute the sand and crushed stone cushion along the bottom and lay the reinforcement frame on top.
Install the formwork in the trench. Prepare concrete mortar from crushed granite(5 parts), sand (3 parts) and cement (1 part) and fill the formwork with it.
The hardening time of the solution is determined by the manufacturer's instructions for the selected cement, adjusted for temperature and weather conditions. Wait until the foundation is completely dry. Bulk or clay soils under a frame extension will require additional time for shrinkage.
Different projects provide different ways to combine the foundation on which the house stands and the new foundation adjacent to it, which carries frame building. Therefore, when arranging formwork for a strip foundation, be sure to provide an expansion joint at the point where the extension is connected to the house. In this way, the base and walls of the veranda are protected from the formation of cracks during seasonal soil movements.
The construction of the foundation may also include the installation of supports under the floor joists. Mark a distance of 1.3-1.5 m to mark the holes for supports. It is enough to leave a gap of 0.9 m between the logs. Dig holes and fill the bottom with a layer of sand (at least 0.1 m).
For waterproofing, wrap all surfaces of the base with roofing material (rubemast) in two layers. After this, you need to make a solution and fill the holes with concrete with supports installed in them. The foundation will harden and securely secure the supports.
Install the strapping beam
Lay the strapping around the entire perimeter. The construction of a veranda requires the thickness of the timber used to be at least 0.15 m for sufficient thermal insulation, although according to the standard 0.1-0.2 m is allowed. Treat the bottom beam with a suitable antiseptic. When carrying out work with your own hands, you can even use used automobile oil, which in its properties is often not inferior to many special means. Make the fastening at the corners halfway up the tree (another term is “in the paw”) and level the harness.
Choose flooring material: wood or concrete
Think about and decide which floor to give preference to for the veranda - wooden or concrete; the projects can be very different. Start construction by laying the subfloor. Place a 5.0 x 5.0 cm cranial block on the sides of the floor joists, and lay edged boards on it. Cover the boards with two layers of glassine, placing insulation between them. When completing the construction of the floor, lay the finished floor on top of the subfloor.
For wooden floors, a good option would be a milled board, convenient for ventilation and air circulation, as well as tongue-and-groove boards, which are laid taking into account the multidirectionality of the annual rings on the wood.
The concrete floor is made in layers: insulation, insulation and concrete screed.
If the extension is planned as a living space, install a “warm floors” system - electric or water. Linoleum, laminate, tiles, panel board are suitable as floor coverings for the extension. parquet board or parquet.
Assemble the frame
Dry all parts well and treat each with fire-retardant impregnation against combustion and bio-protection against insects. You should assemble the frame with your own hands consistently and carefully. Install corner posts using 0.15x0.15m timber as most suitable.
Using a plumb line or level, make sure that they are in the correct vertical position and, using available boards, temporarily secure the racks with technological braces. The posts adjacent to the house must be made below the roof overhang. The outer posts must have an even lower height to ensure a sufficient slope of the veranda roof.
Along the entire frame perimeter of the extension, install additional racks at a distance of 0.9-1.0 m from each other. Strengthen the corner posts with inclined braces (standard angle 45˚), and dismantle the technological braces. Throw a ceiling trim made from 150x50 edged boards along the top of the racks.
In order for the frame structure to be strong and stable, the sufficient pitch for vertical posts will be 0.6 m (if you plan to use mineral insulation), and for horizontal lintels 1.0 m. Hardware fastenings will give the wooden frame of the veranda additional strength.
Use boards to mark openings for doors and windows. Using a level and plumb line, ensure that the horizontal and vertical surfaces are accurate.
Install the walls
After assembling the frame, insulate the walls to make the extension comfortable to live in. Even for a veranda, the issue of hydro- and vapor barrier should not be ignored. Place glassine or foam insulation with the mirror side facing the expected appearance of moisture and secure long screws. You can insulate the ceiling of the veranda with expanded clay by pouring a layer of 10-12 cm on top.
Mineral boards, expanded polystyrene, liquid insulation ecowool and even sawdust They are also successfully used as thermostats, and for protection from wind it is possible to use traditional roofing felt or glassine.
Perform rough wall cladding using DSP, OSB or SML sheets. This shield gasket has the advantages of a solid coating. Economy option for external cladding verandas can serve edged board“25”, and it is better to decorate the inside of the house with clapboard, which will last for several decades.
The walls of the veranda should be a “pie” with alternating internal cladding, air gap in 1-2 cm, vapor barrier, insulation layer, wind insulation and exterior finishing. Pay special attention to the places where the edges frame walls adjacent to the house.
Use jute in such places (hemp or linen, but without felt to prevent moths) or liquid insulation in the form of hardening foam.
Install doors, windows, window sills, baseboards, trims, etc., glaze windows, coat wooden surfaces with varnish or paint.
Assembling the rafter system
Place rafter boards on the top trim. Install the boards on the edge with a 0.3 m extension beyond the crown and cover them with sheathing boards 2.5-3.5 cm thick. To ensure wooden base protection from moisture, lay one layer of glassine, laying it with an overlap of 5-7 cm. This precaution will protect the roof in case of leakage of the outer roof covering.
Roof
The roof on a frame extension can be placed under a common roof with the main house, or it can be made separate. Having chosen the material for the roof, calculate the required amount with a small margin (up to 5%), always taking into account the required overlap.
Bend the apron at an angle corresponding to the slope of the roof. One side of the apron goes over the roof overhang and is secured, and the second is laid on the roof of the extension and is also attached. Take the time to view the photos and videos that describe this important stage installation
